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Flourosis develops when water fluoride content is above 15mg/lit but it has been observed after different studies that this flourosis can also develop in people whose staple diet is | null | 3 | Wheat | Rice | Jowar | Bajra | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 65dcf10b-180b-48ea-b792-9c4f7527ae79 | multi |
Associated with surveillance are all of the following except: September 2007 | Ans. B: Randomisation Disease surveillance is an epidemiological practice by which the spread of disease is monitored in order to establish patterns of progression. The main role of disease surveillance is to predict, observe, and minimize the harm caused by outbreak, epidemic, and pandemic situations, as well as incre... | 2 | Sentinel search | Randomisation | Information regarding trends of health status of population | Providing timely warnings of public health disasters | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 72126bfa-c1ea-4c2b-9f58-448e87585ee1 | multi |
True about C.S.F. finding in pyogenic meningitis is - | null | 1 | Protein ↑ sugar ↓ | Protein ↓ sugar ↑ | Chloride ↑ protein↓ | ↓ Protein ↓ chloride | Medicine | null | 395e3a21-0284-4a77-a23d-9d0157e17cd9 | multi |
Conditions associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma of the oesophagus include all of the following except - | Barret's esophagus predisposes to adenocarcinoma. | 1 | Barrett's Oesophagus | Achalasia cardia | Smoking | Tylosis | Pathology | null | 03f90938-4314-4d45-a40c-b464a9aacb9e | multi |
Osteoporosis is seen in - | Osteoporosis It refers to reduction ofbone mass per unit volume (loss of matrix and defective mineralisation) (Fig. 9.47). Aetiology 1.Involutional 2.Endocrinological 3.Gastrointestinal 4.Haematological 5.Rheumatological 6.Collagen vascular Normal bone Type I (postmenopausal) and Type II (senile) Hypehyroidism Hyperpar... | 4 | Thyrotoxicosis | Cushmg's disease | Menopause | All of the above | Medicine | Endocrinology | 2cd8f58f-8c19-4ac1-93eb-9400d0d970d2 | multi |
The direct filling gold segments can be compacted: | The gold segments can be compacted by hand pressure alone, by hand pressure combined with a hand mallet, or by a mechanical device that is activated by a spring, pneumatic pressure, or electronically (using an electromallet).
The direction of force application, the amount of applied pressure, and the compaction patte... | 4 | By hand pressure alone | By hand pressure combined with a hand mallet | By using electromallet | All of the above | Dental | null | 7ab7cd04-bff6-4ce9-a2b2-8a9c5fbfa4b4 | multi |
Acceptable noise levels in bed room | Acceptable noise levels Expressed in dB (A), sound pressure levels conforming to weighting curve (A) Environment Place Acceptable noise level dB(A) Residential Bed room 25 Living room 40 Commercial Office 35-45 Conference 40-45 Restaurants 40-45 Industrial Work shop 40-60 Laboratory 40-50 Educational Class room 30-40 L... | 4 | 40dB | 35dB | 20dB | 25dB | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health | 5f0259bf-60fb-4e72-bcc5-c6ade1450ca2 | single |
All are causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia except | Causes of hypervolemic hyponatremia Urine sodium concentration >20 mmol/L Acute or chronic renal failure Urine sodium concentration <20 mmol/L Nephrotic syndrome Cirrhosis Cardiac failure Causes of Euvolemic hyponatremia Glucocoicoid deficiency Hypothyroidism Stress Drugs Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone ... | 1 | Hypothyroidism | Cirrhosis | Chronic renal failure | Nephrotic syndrome | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes | 60c6fbdf-5c20-4b26-84ff-20bd6a763c0d | multi |
A diabetic patient developed cellulitis due to Staphylococcus aureus, which was found to be Methicillin resistant on the antibiotic sensitivity testing. All the following antibiotics will be appropriate except: | null | 2 | Vancomycin | Imipenem | Teicoplanin | Linezolid | Pharmacology | null | dd18aa21-d143-4473-9bf9-65f67be5534e | multi |
Alcaftadine trial used this concentration of drug: | * ALCAFTADINE is a H1 receptor antagonist, and can be used for allergic conjunctivitis* The trial done for alcaftadine used 0.25% solution.* The trial states: "When Alcaftadine was tested against placebo and olopatadine, only Alcaftadine 0.25% was shown to have a clinically significant reduction in conjunctival redness... | 3 | 5% | 1% | 0.25% | 2.50% | Pharmacology | Endocrinology | ffeaeb27-74d4-417b-9262-36f9602bccd9 | single |
Which chromosome is responsible for the production of MIF? | Ref. Robbins Pathology. 9th edition. Page. 148
Anti-Mullerian Hormone (AMH) / Mullerian Inhibiting Factor (MIF); Mullerian-inhibiting Hormone (MIH) / Mullerian-inhibiting Substance (MIS).
AMH - Downstream genes regulated by SRY pathway
SRY - Gene in “Sex determining region” - short arm of Y chromosome - Testis dete... | 4 | Chromosome 16 | Chromosome 22 | X Chromosome | Y Chromosome | Unknown | null | 5ff22325-030e-4251-bb0c-37db2955f9e5 | single |
Which of the following does not form Waldeyer's ring? | Ans-CRef: Diseases of Ear, Nose & Thr oat. by Dhingra 5th edition. Chapter on diseases of pharynxExplanation:Waideyer's ringIt is formed by aggregated collections of lymphoid tissues distributed in the pharyngeal mucosa.It is formed by:AdenoidsPalatine tonsilsLingual tonsilsTubal tonsils in the fossa of RossenmullerLat... | 3 | Palatine Tonsils | Adenoids | jugulodigastric node | Lateral pharyngeal bands | Unknown | null | 546f2b32-9f5d-4d45-a06a-7197fe34e45f | single |
Patient a known case off alcohol dependence after 12 to 18 hrs of last drink develops seizure for the first time in his life.possible diagnosis is rum fits. Treatment for the above mentioned patient after doing his LFT which was within normal limits | Detoxification implies removal of the toxic substance from the body, this can be done by using a drug similar to alcohol and thus benzodiazepine is chosen. This is the main drug used in treatment of alcohol withdrawal despite the problem being simple withdrawal, rum fits or delirium tremens IF LIVER FUNCTION IS WITHIN ... | 4 | phenytoin | Thiamine | .Lorazepam | chlordiazepoxide | Psychiatry | Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification | 35119333-c26a-47ec-ab55-98a35570f5d3 | multi |
Smooth muscle relaxant nitric oxide is synthesized from: | Ans. (c) ArginineRef: Harper's Biochemistry 30th edn. 1314, 660-61 | 3 | Methionine | Cyseine | Arginine | Ornithine | Biochemistry | Amino Acid Metabolism | 9dd660ae-436a-45b0-bb9e-9bc9cc72ac80 | single |
A person presents with fever and altered consciousness. Investigations reveal anemia with fragmented red blood cells, platelet count of 20,000/mm', serum creatinine of 3.0 mg % and normal PT and aPTT. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment for the patient: | Answer is A (Plasma Exchange Therapy): Plasma Exchange Therapy is the treatment of choice for TTP Pentad of Fever, Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia, Thrombocytopenia (platelets count = 20,000), Renal Failure (I'verum creatinine) and Neurological dysfunction (altered consciousness) together with normal tests of coagula... | 1 | Plasma Exchange Therapy | Coicosteroids and Intravenous | Immunoglobulins | Anticoagulation with Heparin | Medicine | null | 7bebb540-b5ea-4b48-b037-cf6dab19b1c8 | single |
Mc Ardles diseaae is due to: | Muscle Phosphorylase deficiency | 2 | Liver Phosphorylase deficiency | Muscle Phosphorylase deficiency | Lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency | G6PD Deficency | Biochemistry | null | 8aebf433-743a-4d4f-a59d-a09b2b29dc49 | single |
In Tzank smear multinucleated cells are seen in: | A i.e. Chicken pox - In patients with vesico-bullous lesions and oral ulcer (mucosal involvement), the diagnosis is pemphigus vulgaris and the bed side diagnostic Tzank test from floor of bullae shows acantholysis with numerous acantholytic keratinocyte cellsQ. In Tzank smear diagnostic multinucleated giant cells with ... | 1 | Chicken pox | Psoriasis | Molluscum contagiosum | Pemphigus vulgaris | Skin | null | f0981937-0e4a-437c-8ed9-39b4d6d6569f | single |
Drug of choice for the treatment of type 2 Brittle Asthma is? | Type 2 Brittle asthma, are symptom-free patients developing sudden onset acute attack of asthma requiring mechanical ventilation or even death. These patients should ideally keep an auto-injector of epinephrine. Type 1 Brittle asthma is characterized by >40% variation in P.E.F.R for >50% of the time. It is managed with... | 4 | b-adrenergic agonist | Inhaled coicosteroids | Antileukotrines DM | Subcutaneous epinephrine | Medicine | COPD and Asthma | b6d0045b-4033-4eac-840a-cd4470cf9a52 | single |
A 3 year old boy was admitted to the hospital for high fever and difficulty in breathing. He had been well until 4 days before admission, when he developed sneezing and a runny and stuffy nose followed by a non-productive cough on next day. This was followed by appearance of characteristic rash on face, trunk, extremit... | This is a case of measles. The face is completely erythematous and there is an erythematous maculopapular rash on the trunk and extremities, with large confluent areas on the back. 3RD image shows the classical appearance of the Koplik spots, an exanthem (mucosal rash) that is felt to be pathognomonic (distinctly chara... | 3 | Hecht Giant cell pneumonia | SSPE | Orchitis | Otitis media | Unknown | Integrated QBank | 19585c4a-70e7-4b96-9518-db97780b16d2 | multi |
In which of the following, 'Zellballens' are seen? | Ans. C. Pheochromocytoma. (Ref. Robbin's 8th/pg. 1159)Robbins pathology 8th edition, page no.1159.......# Microscopically, pheochromocytomas are composed of polygonal to spindle-shaped chromaffin cells and their supporting cells, compartmentalized into small nests, or "Zellballen," by a rich vascular network.Histopatho... | 3 | Gastric carcinoma | Angiosarcoma | Pheochromocytoma | Colon carcinoma | Pathology | Endocrine | 7f17385c-a314-46ec-9563-19a409ba6114 | multi |
The minimum level of TSH that can he detected by TSH assay of the third generation thyroid function tests is which of the following? | Functional sensitivities for three generations of TSH assays: First generation: Functional sensitivity is 1-2 IU/mL Second generation: Functional sensitivity is 0.1-0.2 IU/mL Third generation: Functional sensitivity is 0.01-0.02 IU/mL Among the options more appropriate is 0.04 IU/mL Ref: Aicle: Evolution of TSH Assays:... | 2 | 0.4 lU/ml | 0.04 IU/ml | 0.004 lU/ml | 4 IU/ml | Biochemistry | null | b804d1e5-b8c5-455e-8f72-874cc56c25d2 | single |
A 70yr old male has a pathological fracture of femur. The lesion appears a lytic on X- rays film with a circumscribed punched out appearance .The curetting from fracture site is most likely to show which of the following? | Olf patients along with lytic circumscribed punched our X- rays appearance suggests multiple myeloma. Multiple myeloma most often presents as multifocal destructive bone tumours composed of plasma cells throughout the skeletal system.(ref Robbins 9/e p599,7/679) | 2 | Diminshed and thinned trabecular bone | Sheets of atypical plasma cells | Metaplastic prostatic adenocarcinoma | Malignant cells forming osteoid bone | Anatomy | Haematology | a47e16f8-68ab-4c56-89fd-a1c9dd7aad7b | single |
The positioning of the needle is TRUE regarding thoracocentesis in which of the following statements? | The needle should be kept close to the upper border of the rib to avoid injuring the intercostal vessels and nerve in the subcostal groove. Ref: Snell's Clinical Anatomy, 7th Edition, Page 61 | 1 | Upper border of the rib | Lower border of the rib | Center of the intercostal space | Anterior to the intercostal space | Anatomy | null | b74101fe-ae8c-4e05-9641-2981c447191b | multi |
Which is not true about Fragile X syndrome | Fragile X syndrome is associated with the loci Xq27.3 on the distal long arm of the X chromosome. In affected males, it is mainly characterized by mental retardation, macroorchidism, autistic behaviour, facial features like long face, large ears, prominent square jaw Pigmented naevi are not seen associated with fragile... | 2 | Large testis | Pigmented nevi | Large ear present | Long face | Pediatrics | Genetic and genetic disorders | feb1b947-995f-4a14-9b14-5cc1f1a50062 | multi |
A cervical Pap smear repo stating that "koilocytic atypia is present" indicates the:- | HPV infection of squamous cells Produces wrinkled nuclei surrounded by a clear halo. This is called koilocytosis. Whether it is indicative of a low or a high grade lesion in the cervix requires tissue documentation. This is usually obtained with a colposcopic biopsy. | 3 | Presence of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia | Cytologic effect of herpesvirus type 2 | Cytologic effect of human papillomavirus | Presence of chlamydial infection | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Cervical Carcinoma | 0396fe06-5dce-4bc8-a248-41f78be325ec | single |
All of the following statements are true except? | Kupffer cells are modified macrophages in Liver. | 3 | Microglial cells are modified macrophages in Brain | Hofbauer cells are modified macrophages in placenta | Stellate cells are modified macrophages in Liver | Osteoclasts are modified macrophages | Pathology | null | cabc9178-7f7c-4156-bbce-e0e922d6195b | multi |
The term &;disease control&; employs all of the following except | Disease control - reducing the disease incidence to a level at which it is no longer a public health problem. Disease elimination - interruption of transmission of disease, reduction to zero of incidence and continued measures to prevent re-establishment. Disease eradication - permanent reduction to zero of the worldwi... | 4 | Reducing the complications | Reducing the risk of fuher transmission | Reducing the incidence of the disease | Reducing the prevalence of the disease | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease | 1ce0f4fe-b29c-4d82-a5d0-e8a1b38614f3 | multi |
Erythema nodosum is seen in A/E | A i.e. Salicylate poisioning | 1 | Salicylate poisioning | Typhoid | Tuberculosis | Leprosy | Skin | null | 00b9d19c-6824-48d9-a4ed-73bdb3070dfe | single |
Oxytocin causes all except - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lactogenesis Impoant actions of oxvtocin are : Contraction of uterine smooth muscle (directly by acting on GPCR and indirectly by release of PG and LTs). Milk ejection by contraction of myepithelial cells surrounding mammary alveoli. At high concentration; anti-diuretic and vasopressor action can be s... | 1 | Lactogenesis | Milk ejection | Contraction of uterine muscle | Myoepithelial cell contraction | Pharmacology | null | fd8bd231-ac6f-402c-9650-388364e6e6b5 | multi |
One of the following is a definite sign of death due tob drowning : | D i.e. Diatoms in bone marrow | 4 | Sand and mud in the mouth of nostrils | Fine lathery froth in the mouth of nostrils | Washerman's hands and feet | Diatoms in bone marrow | Forensic Medicine | null | d53e364f-59d0-4413-8642-6483bf9a41d5 | single |
Sweating is not present in: | Ans. c. Heat stroke (Ref: Reddy 33/e p319; Parikh 6/e p381)Sweating is not present in Heat stroke."Heat stroke (hyperpyrexia, sunstroke, systemic hyperthermia): This is attributed to an impaired functioning of the heat regulating mechanism caused by failure of cutaneous circulation and sweating. It is due to prolong ex... | 3 | Heat syncope | Heat cramp | Heat stroke | Heat fatigue | Forensic Medicine | Injuries | 2aef15be-1714-4a48-8a08-cf84e05bfdee | single |
In Indoor air pollution, carbon monoxide is produced by | (All of the above) (593 - Park 19th) (642-Park 20th)Sources of Indoor air pollutantsPollutantSources* Respirable particle* Carbon monoxide* Nitrogen - dioxide* Sulphur dioxide* Formaldehyde* Ozone* Radon and daughters* Asbestos* Mineral fibresTobacco smoke, stove, Aerosol spraysCombustion equipment, stove, Gas heatersG... | 4 | Combustion equipment | Stove | Gas heaters | All of the above | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and Health | 85ab3ebf-4d99-4725-9012-daa41f6a3139 | multi |
In the first step of Heme synthesis, what is required - | Two starting materials of heme synthesis are succinyl-CoA and glycine. Pyridoxal phosphate is also required. | 3 | Fe | Folate | Glycine | Histidine | Biochemistry | null | feb84fa1-9664-47f3-98ad-7411a4e33a18 | multi |
Nephrotic syndrome in children is caused by | NEPHROTIC SYNDROME:- Characterised by massive proteinuria, hypoalbuminemua and edema, hyperlipidemia is often associated. Some patients show hematuria and hypeension. Heavy proteinuria( more than 1g/metre square/day) is the underlying abnormality leading to hypoalbuminemia ( serum albumin below 2.5g/dl). The resultant ... | 1 | Minimal change disease | RPGN | MPGN | FSGS | Pediatrics | Urinary tract | 47228bcf-cf77-4a20-b1aa-7a491d26851d | single |
Given three genera of mosquitoes (('ulex, Anopheles and Aedes) act as vectors for which of the following diseases world w ide - | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Filariasis o Filariasis is transmitted by all four genera of mosquitoes including Anopheles, Aedes, Culex and Mansonoides. | 3 | Malaria | Dengue | Filariasis | Yellow Fever | Social & Preventive Medicine | null | 1102427c-62b4-4cc6-8059-24b664b2550e | single |
Chromosomal translocation characteristic in acute promyelocytic leukemia is: | In AML with the t(15;17),acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3 stage) ,auer rods present (most common stage associated with DIC) t(8,21) AML With maturation stage (M2 stage) t(16,16) associated with best prognosis. Presence of "FAGGOT CELLS" is a characterstic feature of AML M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia) Faggot cells ar... | 1 | t ( 15; 17) | t ( 22; 9) | t ( 21; 17) | t ( 8; 21) | Pathology | Acute Myelogenous Leukemia | 895d8a6c-69c9-4ee1-8757-546226f971e5 | single |
All the following drugs are effective in t/t of ptyriasis versicolor except – | Griseofulvin is effective only against dermatophytes. It is ineffective against T. versicolor and candida. | 3 | Selenium sulphide | Ketoconazole | Grieseofulvin | Clotrimazole | Dental | null | 3d498037-92d6-4170-82c5-74713006f449 | multi |
Euvolemic hyponatremia is seen in: | Ans. C. SIADHHypervolemic hyponatremia -- Both sodium & water content increase: Increase in sodium content leads to hypervolemia and water content to hyponatremia. Total body water and sodium are regulated independently* Cirrhosis of the liver* Congestive heart failure* Nephrotic syndrome in the kidneys* Massive edema ... | 3 | Adrenocortical failure | Burns | SIADH | Cirrhosis | Medicine | Endocrinology | 6bd41a77-1b70-4dd4-80b0-be366aded9c3 | single |
Congenital larygeal stridor also know as | null | 2 | Laryngeal web | Laryngomalocia | Laryngeal atenosis | Vocal cord palsy | ENT | null | 0a23a2b4-6d4c-4c8b-a3e3-2be96d49c72d | single |
A patient came to casualty for acute bronchial asthma after treatment for glaucoma. The probable drug may be | Timolol is a non selective Beta blocker and can precipitate acute attacks of asthma in a susceptible individual blockade of Beta 2 receptors. Betaxolol is a cardioselective Beta blocker and is less likely to cause this adverse side effect Refer kDT 6/e p 139 | 1 | Timolol | Betoxalol | Lantanoprost | Anticholinesterase | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | d15f7cba-283c-4014-96b5-cdb6a4e53f55 | single |
Which of the following drug is not used in influenza? | Ans. D. AcyclovirOseltamivir is neuraminidase inhibitor which can be given for both influenzas A and B. Amantadine is drug which inhibit the uncoating of influenza A virus RNA. Ribavirin has a broad spectrum antiviral activity which inhibit the synthesis of viral RNA. Acyclovir mainly inhibit the viral DNA and its drug... | 4 | Oseltamivir | Amantadine | Ribavirin | Acyclovir | Pharmacology | Anti Microbial | 6ee8cd57-fbd5-4120-b0af-9aa94fb4c832 | single |
Periphery of retina is best visualized with : | Indirect ophthalmoscopy can be used to examine the entire retina, even out to its extreme periphery, the ora serrata. This is possible for two reasons. Optical distoions caused by looking through the peripheral lens and cornea interfere very little with the indirect ophthalmoscopic examination compared with the direct ... | 2 | Direct ophthalmoscopy | Indirect ophthalmoscopy | Retinoscopy | USG | Ophthalmology | null | 4710e7fb-fd64-45f7-8812-cc7a3b5f16e4 | single |
Acute Primary Amoebic meningoencephalitis true is- | Diagnosis of acute primary amoebic meningoencephalitis is established by microscopic examination of the cerebrospinal fluid which contains trophozoite and red cells but no bacteria.
About other options
Acanthamoeba causes chronic meningoencephalitis, while Naegleria fowleri is responsible for acute cases of meningoen... | 2 | Meningitis caused by acanthamoeba species is acute in nature | Diagnosis is by demonstration of trophozoite in CSF | Caused by faeco-oral transmission | More common in tropical climate | Microbiology | null | 94db2c98-02a6-47df-8544-ce520e9d0133 | multi |
In a patient with Foville's syndrome all of the following cranial nerves are involved, EXCEPT: | In a patient with foville's syndrome there is involvement of the V, VI, VII and VIII cranial nerves. The lesion in this syndrome affects the dorsal pa of the brain stem thereby involving structures such as medial longitudinal fasciculus, pontine paramedian reticular formation, fifth nerve and sympathetic neruons. These... | 2 | Facial | Trochlear | Trigeminal | Abducens | Ophthalmology | null | 1691ffc3-2b64-4287-870d-be82f9c288e9 | multi |
Cervical rib arises from: | It is a Fibrous band arising from C7, which inserts on 1st thoracic rib. | 3 | C6 | C7 | C8 | T | Surgery | null | e0f9b9fd-db34-4c61-8f96-3714356d3158 | single |
Left-Right movement of skull occurs at | Left-Right movement of skull occurs at Atlanto - axial joint.
Up - down movement of skull occurs at Atlanto - occipital joint. | 3 | C2 - C3 | Atlanto - occipital joint | Atlanto - axial joint | C4 - C5 | Orthopaedics | null | 47af1ea4-82c5-46fa-bc25-7c3ce2f14af8 | single |
Ophthalmoplegic migraine means | B i.e. When the headache is followed by paial paralysis of 3rd nerve without any scotoma Ophthalmoplegic migrane is characterized by recurrent episodes of migraine like headache accompanied mostly by recurrent, ipsilateral and transient paresis of 3rd (most common), 6th (rare) and/ or 4th (rarest) cranial nervesQ. It i... | 2 | When headache is followed by complete paralysis of the IlIrd and VIth nerve on the same side as the hemicrania | When the headache is followed by paial paralysis of the IIIrd nerve on the same side as the hemicrania without any scotoma | Headache is associated with IIIrd, IVth and VIth nerve paralysis | Headache associated with optic neuritis | Ophthalmology | null | faf7f665-d0c5-48e9-a718-f4c1483e5d38 | single |
What causes mallet finger? | Mallet finger: A finger flexed at the DIP joint due to avulsion or rupture of extensor tendon at the base of the distal phalanx. Mallet finger occur due to forced flextion of the finger tip. Hyper- extension splint is the treatment for atleast 6-8 weeks. | 4 | Extensor tendon rupture | Bony avulsion of distal phalanx at the extensor tendon | Strain and subsequent stretching of the extensor tendon | All the above | Orthopaedics | Fracture Management | ec2ef1de-05e1-4bd6-bd26-de89cb411383 | multi |
All of the following diseases show abnormal folding of proteins except : | Multiple sclerosis[Ref: Harrison 171h/e p. 2647; Harper 27th/e p. 38; Lippincott p. 20j The process of protein folding is remarkably efficient, but sometimes it can go wrong. Incorrectly folded proteins are considered to be the cause of many diseases. Amvloidoses The common characteristic of all amyloidoses is the coll... | 3 | Creutzfeldt-jabok disease | Prion disease | Multiple sclerosis | Amylidosis | Surgery | null | 9661c611-14d2-45e2-b72a-a11230c52409 | multi |
Enteric fever is caused by - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., AH of the above Enteric fevero The term enteric fever includes typhoid fever caused by S.typhi and paratyphoid fever caused by S. paratyphi A, B and C.o The ability to resist intracellular killing and to multiply with in these cells is a measure of virulence of salmonella.o The incubation period for S... | 4 | S typhi | Sparatyphi A | S paratyphi C | All of the above | Microbiology | Enterobecteriaceae | 75c3512b-39d8-42d7-a397-0106e6775458 | multi |
FNAC cannot detect which of the following? | Ans. a. Follicular carcinoma (Ref: Robbins 9/e p1097, 8/e p1123; Schwartz 9/e p1364, 1357; Sabiston 19/e p901-902; Bailey 26/e 765, 25/e p775)FBI AC cannot detect follicular carcinoma.'The hallmark of all follicular adenomas is the presence of an intact, well-formed capsule encircling the tumor. Careful evaluation of t... | 1 | Follicular carcinoma | Papillary carcinoma | Colloid goiter | Hashimoto's thyroiditis | Surgery | Thyroid Malignancies | 66511959-4ba2-4dfb-a253-822c7ce684d2 | single |
Radio-frequency ablation is done for | Ablation bypass tract offers a permanent cure of supraventricular tachycardias. The advantage of radio-frequency catheter ablation has viually eliminated the need for surgery Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1567 | 3 | Ventricular tachycardia | PSVT | WPW | Atrial tachycardia | Anatomy | General anatomy | b006bb32-d600-4a03-86ec-474c2f4123e4 | single |
A person brings gifts for her wife next day after having fight with her. This is an example of | Undoing is a neurotic defense mechanism where an act is done to nullify a previous act. | 3 | Reaction formation | Aim inhibition | Undoing | Suppression | Psychiatry | null | afbb9828-ce13-467a-bdd6-768d5b4d8691 | single |
All of the following are true about excitation-contraction coupling except | Calcium binds to troponin to initiate exitation contraction coupling Troponin is present attached to tropomyosine Ref:Guyton and Hall textbook of medical physiology 12th edition,page number:82,83,84 | 4 | Acetylcholine is released at the nerve terminal | Calcium is pumped back into the sarcoplasmic reticulum during relaxation | Calcium is released from sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction. | Calcium binds to tropomyosin to initiate muscle contraction. | Physiology | General physiology | 5b61bf6e-4e68-4c2c-a84e-9b31ee94f9a8 | multi |
Lisch nodule seen in- | *Lisch nodules are the most common type of ocular involvement in NF-1. These nodules are melanocytic hamaomas, usually clear yellow to brown that appear as well- defined, dome-shaped elevations projecting from the surface of the iris. Ref: Harrison 18th/e p.2964 | 2 | Sympathetic ophthalmitis | Neurofibromatosis | Chronic iridocyclitis | Trachoma | Ophthalmology | Miscellaneous | ba1e4de0-be97-4807-8760-753e3b0ca5f2 | single |
Needle biopsy of solitary thyroid nodule in a young woman with palpable cervical lymph nodes on the same sides demonstrates amyloid in the stroma of lesion. Likely diagnosis is | Presence of thyroid nodule along with palpable cervical lymph nodes and amyloid histologically is clearly indicative of Medullary Carcinoma Thyroid, as explained before. Ref : Bailey 25/e p797 | 1 | Medullary carcinoma thyroid | Follicular carcinoma thyroid | Thyroid adenoma | Multinodular goitre | Anatomy | Endocrinology and breast | 91b75df8-05c3-454a-9d60-6e892fc3f88d | single |
All the following are the features of the Kuntscher (K) nail devised by a German surgeon for internal fixation of femoral fractures except | The K nail is a hollow tube with a slot on one side. It is clover shaped cross section. The fixation by K nailing based on the three point fixation i.e when a straight rod passes through a curved medullary cavity It fixes the bones at three points at either ends and at the isthmus. The clover leaf shape is designed to ... | 2 | It is clover leaf in cross section | The nail has eye at one end | The nail is a hollow with a slot on one side | The fixation by k nailing is based on the three point fixation | Surgery | null | e4184f7b-e742-4833-a74c-37c40d58e1e4 | multi |
Slice of tissue X-rays is: | A i.e. Tomography Hounsfield units (CT number) represent average linear attenuation coefficientQ. The Hounsfield scale is an arbitray one with air at-1000 and water at 0 units as fixed pointsQ. Fat which is less dense than water also has a negative value (- 20 to - 100 range). CT has been designated a high dose procedu... | 1 | Tomography | Mammography | Contrast studies | All of the above | Radiology | null | c13415ae-9119-46ee-a554-e9db0ecbaf7a | multi |
Child knows his/her sex by age of- | Ans, is 'b' i.e., 3 year AgeMilestone2 MonthSocial smile3 MonthRecognise mother6 MonthStmger anxiety9 Monthwave bye - bye12 MonthComes when called15 MonthJargon18 MonthsCopies parents task2 yearAsk for food, drink, shows toys3 yearKnow full name & gender4 yearPlays in group.5 yearHelps in household task, decrease & und... | 2 | 2 year | 3 year | 4 year | 5 year | Pediatrics | Developmental-Behavioral Screening and Surveillance | b1375587-d8f5-45c4-9846-c5aeefd46ab7 | single |
Treatment of choice for Intrahepatic Cholestasis in Pregnancy is: | Ursodeoxycholic acid (10-15 mg/kg/day) is the drug of choice in the treatment of intrahepatic cholestasis in pregnancy. It relieves pruritus, reduces bile salt levels in maternal serum and may reduce the frequency of fetal complications. It improves serum liver test and liver histology in cholestatic disease. Ref: Oxfo... | 2 | Cholestyramine | Ursodiol (Ursodeoxycholic acid) | Coicosteroids (Dexamethasone) | Antihistaminics | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | a772d32d-5bed-4959-a7ea-3b703fb06621 | single |
Skin over the angle of mandible and parotid area is supplied by - | null | 1 | Greater auricular nerve | Posterior auricular nerve | Auriculotemporal nerve | Facial nerve | Anatomy | null | d3af455d-1c68-46a1-8c41-958be61663ec | single |
Ruptured tendon is most commonly seen in | C i.e. Overuse Most frequent cause of paial or complete rupture of a muscle or tendon is eccentric overloadQ of the muscle tendon unit. One factor contributing to muscle overload is fatigue (due to over use)Q, which makes the muscle unable to absorb as much as eccentric force before overload. Strains most commonly occu... | 3 | Stab injury | Soft Tissue tumour | Overuse | Congenital defect | Surgery | null | 51ba8067-6955-4dda-8913-a27c2eda6bdf | single |
Which of the following doesn't elevate the larynx? | Elevators: Primary elevators act directly as they are attached to the thyroid cartilage and include stylopharyngeus, salpingopharyngeus, palatopharyngeus and thyrohyoid. Secondary elevators act indirectly as they are attached to the hyoid bone and include mylohyoid (main), digastric, stylohyoid, geniohyoid.
Depressors:... | 1 | Sternohyoid | Thyrohyoid | Mylohyoid | null | Anatomy | null | 7320bf6f-8358-450e-82d6-3619eab761ae | multi |
Acromegaly is due to excess of: | Ans. (b) Growth hormone(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p325.)Excess levels of growth hormone causes Gigantism (before the closure of epiphysis) and Acromegaly (After the closure of epiphysis) | 2 | Somatomedin | Growth hormone | Somatostation | Insulin | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction | a6c7c209-64d7-4129-9160-0b52c65a1b58 | single |
Condition (s) associated with hypokalemia except - | Type IV A is the only type characterized by a hyperkalemic, hyperchloremic acidosis. CAUSES OF HYPOKALEMIA Inadequate potassium intake Eating disorders : Anorexia, bulimia, starvation, pica, and alcoholism Dental problems: Impaired ability to chew or swallow Povey: Inadequate quantity or quality of food (eg, "tea-and-t... | 1 | Typo I Renal Tubular Acidosis ( A) | Type II A | Type IV A | Pencillin therapy | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes | 6ff15e50-6c6e-419a-8945-4ff940027367 | multi |
If pneumocephalus created either by surgery or by performance of a pneumoencephalogram, it is suggested that nitrous oxide be avoided for how many days – | Once the pneumoencephalum has developed nitrous oxide should not be used for 1 week. | 4 | 4 days | 5 days | 6 days | 7 days | Anaesthesia | null | 8d8b916d-e4fe-4b4d-8964-e641619ad6dd | single |
False regarding Primary hyperparathyroidism is | PHPT results from the enlargement of a single gland or parathyroid adenoma in approximately 80% of cases, multiple adenomas or hyperplasia in 15% to 20% of patients, and parathyroid carcinoma in 1% of patients. Most cases of PHPT are sporadic. It also occurs within the spectrum of a number of inherited disorders such a... | 3 | Most cases are sporadic | It is the earliest and most common manifestation of MEN1 syndrome | Autosomal recessive inheritance seen in association with MEN syndrome | 80% cases due to enlargement of a single gland or parathyroid adenoma | Anatomy | All India exam | ee52abb9-ad94-47b2-aeb1-b65cd4a3028a | multi |
Lichenisation occurs in which layer of skin? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Stratum malpighi | 1 | Stratum malpighi | Stratum corneum | Stratum lucidum | Stratum granulosum | Skin | null | 792df70f-e703-41d9-8c35-b0a6b9c06729 | single |
TRUE/FALSE statements about carpal tunnel syndrome are: 1. Occurs in pregnancy 2. Affects medial three and half fingers 3. Associated with hypothyroidism 4. Froment sign positive 5. Median nerve involvement is present | Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by the compression of the median nerve at wrist and is most common type of nerve entrapment syndrome. This is usually due to excessive use of the hands and occupational exposure to repeated trauma. Infiltration of the transverse carpal ligament with amyloid (as occur in multiple myeloma... | 2 | 1,2,3 true & 4,5 false | 1,3,5 true & 2,4 false | 1,2,3,4 true & 5 false | 1,2,3,5 true & 4 false | Surgery | null | 146d0f8e-4460-4909-8cbe-de3c287dc40f | multi |
HLA testing aids in the diagnosis of which ocular affection: March 2010 | Ans. B: Uveitis Conditions associated with uveitis in which HLA testing is employed: Ankylosing spondylitis is a type of ahritis that mainly affects the spine. This can cause recurrent ahritis. It is mostly associated with HLA B27 Reiter's syndrome is an inflammatory ahritis common in young men - often caused by chlamy... | 2 | Conjunctivitis | Uveitis | Retinitis | Viteous hemorrhage | Ophthalmology | null | a569f8de-a4b1-4e92-b057-159c070100fd | single |
A newborn baby presented with profuse bleeding from the umbilical stump after birth. Rest of the examination and PT, APTT are within normal limits. Most probable diagnosis is - | Normal PT and APTT exclude option a and c because PT is raised in factor X deficiency and APTT is raised in Von Willebrand disease.
So we are left with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia and Bernard Soulier syndrome.
Both these disorder are platelet function disorders and can result in neonatal bleeding.
Disorders of platelet ... | 2 | Factor X deficiency | Glanzmann thrombasthenia | Von willebrand disease | Bernard soulier disease | Pathology | null | 06d74933-95e3-4819-88a8-31564de07144 | single |
A 27-year-old male presents with a testicular mass, which is resected and diagnosed as being a yolk sac tumor. Which one of the listed substances is most likely to be increased in this patient's serum as a result of being secreted from the cells of this tumor? | Germ cell tumors of the testis often secrete enzymes or polypeptide hormones, examples of which include a fetoprotein (AFP) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). AFP is synthesized by the fetal gut, liver, and yolk sac. It may be secreted by either yolk sac tumors (endodermal sinus tumors) or embryonal carcinomas. AF... | 2 | Acid phosphatase | a fetoprotein (AFP) | Alkaline phosphatase | b-human chorionic gonadotropin (b-hCG) | Pathology | miscellaneous | d075e8c3-bb4c-402a-bbc9-8b4ef7a0e914 | single |
In a 2-year-old child refractive error test is done with: | (Ref: K.D. Tripathi 8th ed. P 131)Atropine 1% ointment is preferred for refractive error test in children below 5 years. It is applied 24 hours and 2 hours before the procedure.The shorter acting agents like homatropine, tropicamide and cyclopentolate does not produce effective cycloplegia in children (ciliary muscle t... | 1 | 1% atropine ointment | 1% atropine eye drop | Tropicamide 0.5% | Eucatropine 5% | Pharmacology | A.N.S. | 4c29006f-e3b9-43ec-aa27-ed568e5a3062 | single |
The commonest cause of metabolic alkalosis is - | null | 2 | Cancer stomach | Pyloric stenosis | Small-bowel obstruction | Diuretics | Surgery | null | dc3e6a75-bd2d-4dee-b556-718bd78cb434 | multi |
Inhaling the cloth soaked in drug is | Sniffing: Inhaling fumes from the liquid in anopen container.Bagging: Placing the chemical in a bag and thenputting it over the face.Huffing: Applying the chemical to a cloth/rag andthen inhaling it by covering nose and mouth withthe cloth/rag. | 3 | Bagging | Spraying | Huffing | Sniffing | Forensic Medicine | Drug Abuse | f1940d2b-ee3e-4daf-8e13-f8a0e2f6787d | single |
Local anaesthetic injected directly into the tissue ? | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Infiltration anaesthesia o Infiltration anaesthesia is the injection of local anaesthetic directly into tissue without taking into consideration the course of cutaneous nerve. | 1 | Infiltration anaesthesia | Nerve block | Field block | Bier's block | Pharmacology | null | 1177731e-9eba-40ef-ac5f-dc50d365c16d | single |
Which doesnot form a part of thoracic outlet? | (D) Second rib# Thoracic outlet syndrome: Scalenus anticus syndrome> "This is a symptom complex resulting from compression of the neurovascular bundle (artery, vein, or nerves) at the superior thoracic outlet as it courses through the neck and shoulder.> Cervical ribs, abnormalities of the scalenus anticus muscle, prox... | 4 | Brachial plexus | Subclavian vein | Apex of lung | Second rib | Anatomy | Misc. | 58813a07-d607-4bbb-9b13-70a8219eb853 | single |
CECT with nodular enhancement is suggestive of | Most common benign tumor of the liver Mainly seen in women of 45 years Small capillary hemangiomas(no clinical significance), larger cavernous hemangioma Usually single and <5 cm in diameter, occur equally in right and left liver Giant hemangioma: lesion>5cm Pathology Microscopically: Endothelium-lines, blood filled sp... | 3 | Hepatic adenoma | FNH | Hemangioma | Cholangiodenoma | Anatomy | G.I.T | d60172b9-0796-4cc9-98b0-25c9f1b4e287 | single |
Phospho-dephosphorylation of phosphofructokinase and fructose 1, 6, biphosphatase by fructose 2, 6,biphosphate regulation is seen in | Fructose 2, 6-biphosphate has unique role in regulation of glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver. | 2 | Brain | Liver | Adrenal cortex | RBC | Biochemistry | null | 2072ec42-9613-4f33-9bd7-b5da9fed198d | single |
True about OCG is – a) First done by Graham Cole in 1942b) Dye ingested at rate of 1 ml/kgc) USG has replaced itd) Dye used is telepaque | OCG was introduced by Graham and Cole in 1924 (not in 1942).
Two doses of 3 gm of dye is given --> first dose 14 hours, and second dose 3-4 hours prior to post-contrast examination.
OCG has largely been replaced by USG
Dye most commonly used is Na/Ca Ipanoic acid (Telepaque). | 2 | ab | cd | bd | ac | Radiology | null | f15b1abc-6619-4b1d-870e-8a107412d0bd | multi |
Tom Smith arthritis involves | Ans. b (Hip) (Ref Maheshwari orthopedics 4th/165)TOM SMITH ARTHRITIS# Septic arthritis of hip joint in infant# Acute onset with rapid abscess formation# Head of femur is cartilaginous at this age and hence rapidly and completely destroyed by the pyogenic process.# Affected limb shorter and hip movements are increasd in... | 2 | Knee | Hip | Ankle | Wrist | Orthopaedics | Infection of Bones & Joints | ecef24f3-51ab-418d-8dd6-0f60326ab766 | single |
Hypoglycemia caused by anti-hyperglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas can be classified as (adverse drug reaction): | Type A: Augmented pharmacologic effects - Dose dependent and predictable e.g. hypoglycemia caused by anti-hyperglycemic drugs like sulfonylureas.
Type B: Bizarre effects (or idiosyncratic) - Dose independent and unpredictable e.g. allergic reactions caused by penicllins.
Type C: Chronic effects e.g. peptic ulcer caused by... | 1 | Type A | Type B | Type C | Type D | Pharmacology | null | 6b7dca06-0169-4695-9dbb-ca4ec5ae2a0d | single |
Most realistic approach in managing a difficult child in
dental clinic is | null | 2 | Disregard the behavior of child | Make child familiar with clinical atmosphere | Physical methods to make child accept for treatment | None of the above | Dental | null | 7263b821-0d71-475c-8740-99da8be3c669 | multi |
The drug which inhibits the rate-limiting step of acetylcholine synthesis is | Rate limiting step is mediated by choline acetyltransferase which is blocked by hemicholinium. Ref: KD T ripathi 8th ed. | 2 | Vesamicol | Hemicholinium | Botulinum toxin | Cocaine | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system | cb386a79-982e-412d-a4c3-788e55412c25 | multi |
The toxic substance responsible for floppy baby syndrome is | It is seen in newborn babies breastfed by lithium-ingesting mothers due to disruption of afferent inputs from stretch receptors. Manifesting as hypotonicity, lethargy, and cyanosis (floppy baby syndrome). | 1 | Lithium | Cadmium | Antimony | Barium | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 1 | ed0010b2-0b77-4318-b175-c472686a8287 | single |
WHO surveillance is done in all EXCEPT | (Relapsing fever) (115,204, Park 20th)SURVEILLANCE - defined as "the continuous scrutiny of all aspects of occurance and spread of disease that are pertinent to effective control"* The ultimate objective of surveillance is prevention* International surveillance: At the international level, the WHO maintains surveillanc... | 1 | Relapsing fever | Malaria | Polio | Cholera | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases | bbcd7637-a220-4c69-bbca-9dd130bc0c03 | multi |
Convergent muscle among the following is | Convergent muscle is one where all the fibres converge at the insertion (Fan shaped)
Eg - Temporalis | 3 | Subscapularis | Deltoid | Temporalis | Pectoralis minor | Anatomy | null | 710177ef-c2f6-428b-a34f-cd5551e23e0f | single |
Choose the drug which blocks basal as well as stimulated gastric acid secretion without affecting cholinergic, histaminergic or gastrin receptors | Omeprazole:- It is the prototype member of substituted benzimidazoles which inhibit the final common step in gastric acid secretion. The only significant pharmacological action of omeprazole is dose dependent suppression of gastric acid secretion; without anticholinergic or H2 blocking action. It is a powerful inhibito... | 3 | Loxatidine | Pirenzepine | Omeprazole | Famotidine | Pharmacology | Gastrointestinal tract | 92128fc6-e798-4064-9771-7e45042b7f96 | single |
Tinea pedis is caused by which of the following - | Tinea pedis ( Athlete foot ) - Infection of web space between the toes Caused by Epidermophyton floccosum | 1 | E. floccosum | M. furfur | M. canis | E. werneckii | Microbiology | Mycology | d6866d3e-c901-43ff-95c6-37c0ebfe6609 | single |
Which of the following is not seen in imaging of acute pyelonephritis? | Ref: Cavorsi A'. Prabhakar P, Kirby C. Acute pyelonephritis. Ultrasound Q 2010;26(2): 103-5 ami Ultrasound: A Practical Approach to Clinical Problems, Edited by Edward I. Bluth, Page 465 and Genitourinary Imaging by Shailendra Chopra, Thieme PublishersExplanation:"The affected kidney is enlarged, areas of relative isch... | 4 | Grossly enlarged kidney | Focal areas of hypoechogenicity | Perinephric edema | Increased vascularity | Radiology | CT and MRI of the Kidney | e8a4e83f-88e1-4cea-b5cd-573bec010aaf | single |
The interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximum infectivity is known as | Ans. c (Generation time) (Ref. Text book of PSM by Park 22nd/96)Generation time: is the time interval between receipt of infection by host and max. infectivity1Median incubation periodTime required for 50% of cases to occur following exposure.2Incubation periodPeriod of entry of organism to appearance of first sign or ... | 3 | Median incubation period | Screening time | Generation time | Minimum incubation period | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of Health and Disease | aec922d3-7897-4037-a2bd-4e80d2383964 | single |
Most common cause of proptosis in adults is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Thyroid Ophthalmopathy o The most common cause of unilateral proptosis in children is orbital cellulitis.o The most common cause of unilateral proptosis in adults is thyroid ophthalmopathy. | 2 | Orbital cellulitis | Thyroid Ophthalmopathy | Carotico - cavernous fistula | Trauma | Ophthalmology | Proptosis, Enophthalmos, Developmental Anomalies | 4b5cc976-e3f5-404d-87dc-1e68ef359c67 | single |
Glucogenic amino acid transported to the liver most commonly - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Alanine o Transport of alanine from muscle to liver (glucose-alanine cycle) has two functions :-Providing substrate for giuconeogenesisTransport of ammonia (NH4+) to liver for urea synthesis.o During the first few days of starvation, there is a rapid breakdown of muscle protein, providing aminoacids f... | 1 | Alanine | Glycine | Lysine | Leucine | Biochemistry | Amino Acids Basics | d844ee84-474f-45f9-82bf-c4e074171e91 | single |
True regarding autonomic system is : | Ans. is 'c' is Preganglionic parasympathetic fibres are more lengthy The cell bodies of the post ganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located on or near the body of the viscera and therefore postganglionic neurons are very short.Whereas the cell bodies of the preganglionic parasympathetic neurons are located in the i... | 3 | High center of integration is medulla oblongata. | Conduction autonomic fibers are same as in somatic motor fibers. | Preganglionic parasympathetic fibers are lengthier. | Ratio of pregnanglionic and post ganglionic fibers is 20:1. | Physiology | Autonomic Nervous System | 180c140a-2e74-480c-80c4-84444955fd37 | multi |
All of the following statements are true regarding the submandibular gland except? | Submandibular gland Consist of large superficial pa and small deep pa Wrapped around the posterior border of Mylohyoid muscle. Lingual nerve loops around the submandibular duct Facial aery is related to superficial pa of the gland | 4 | Lingual nerve loops around the submandibular duct | Facial aery is related to superficial pa of the gland | The gland is wrapped around the posterior border of mylohyoid | Gland is made up of small superficial pa and large deep pa | Anatomy | Neck Triangles and parotid gland | c214e8df-96ab-4ec2-a03c-9ae1635e925c | multi |
Which of the following is not evaluated using 99mm Tc- DMSA scintigraphy? | Ans DDMSA scan is used to study renal morphology thus out of given options only renal artery stenosis is not a renal morphological defect. Renal artery stenosis is studied by Captopril-DTPA scan | 4 | Renal anomalies | Renal pseudomass | Renal scarring | Renal artery stenosis | Radiology | Genito Urinary System | 26c93082-d155-4d7a-8292-212ab8fba98b | single |
DNA fingerprinting was first developed by? | DNA fingerprinting was developed by Alec JeffreyQ. Brain finger printing invented by Dr.Lawrence FarrelQ Brain Fingerprinting (Brain Mapping): Brain mapping is a group of neuroscience techniques based on the mapping the activities of the different areas of the brain. The electrical activities of the brain is measured &... | 1 | Alec jeffreys | William herschelle | Edward hennery | Francis galton | Forensic Medicine | Human identification | f02d5b03-7dc1-4011-8742-807506ec2ff6 | single |
Valve of Rosenmuller is present in which pa of lacrimal system? | Answer- B. CanaliculiValve of Rosenmuller is a small flap of mucosa in lacrimal canaliculus at its junction with lacrimal sac. | 2 | Puncta | Canaliculi | Lacrimal sac | Nasolacrimal duct | Ophthalmology | null | a7eff991-869d-47d5-b2ee-4423876fa389 | single |
A 22 year old man presents to ENT OPD complaining of itching, earache and discharge from the ear. Discharge is watery in consistency and have musty odour. On examination, doctor found black headed filamentous growth which resembled wet blotting paper. Which of the following is likely diagnosis in this case? | -Patient is suffering from otomycosis due to Aspergillus niger. Otomycosis Fungal infection of the external auditary canal C/F: Intense itching Pain in the ear (More with Aspergillus flavus) Watery discharge with a musty odour The fungal mass have wet blotting paper/newspaper appearance Causes - Aspergillus niger Asper... | 2 | Acute Otitis externa | Otomycosis by Aspergillus niger | Otomycosis by Aspergillus fumigatus | Otomycosis by Candida | ENT | Diseases of External Ear | 9dd8e20a-0f91-4796-a7d3-aad496ee33da | single |
Length of LES is ? | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 3-4 cm The lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is a bundle of muscles at the low end of the esophagus, where it meets the stomach.When the LES is closed, it prevents acid and stomach contents from traveling backwards from the stomach.The LES muscles are not under voluntary control.Lower esophageal splinc... | 2 | 1-2 cm | 3-4 cm | 1-2 mm | 3-4 mm | Anatomy | null | b1dd8f8a-ab61-4c33-a902-bc777d93d4b4 | single |
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