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All of the following statements about leprosy are true except - | A defaulter is a leprosy patient on MDT , who has not collected treatment for 12 consecutive months Reference; Park&;s Textbook of preventive and social medicine, 24th edition.Pg no. 340 | 3 | Multibacillary leprosy is diagnosed when there are more than 5 skin patches | New case detection rate is an indicator for incidence of leprosy | A defaulter is defined as a patient who has not taken treatment for 6 months or more | The target for elimination of leprosy is to reduce the prevalence to less than 1 per 10,000 population | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | 4091b1ea-d293-4873-a5a0-7a55915d09bc | multi |
The characteristic features of El tor cholera are all except | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Secondary attack rate is high in family El Tor vibrio . It is much hardier than classical vibrios, capable of surviving in the environment much longer. . The severity of illness is much less, with a large propoion of mild and asymptomatic infections. . Moality is low and the carrier rate is high. . Fe... | 3 | More of subclinical cases | Moality is less | Secondary attack rate is high in family | El tor vibrio is harder and able to survive longer | Microbiology | null | d510aacd-e2a5-4132-a05f-52e9ec959644 | multi |
A normal-anion-gap metabolic acidosis occurs in patients with- | Alkali can be lost from the gastrointestinal tract from diarrhea or from the kidneys (renal tubular acidosis, A). In these disorders, reciprocal changes in and result in a normal anion gap (AG). * In pure non-AG acidosis, therefore, the increase in above the normal value approximates the decrease in . | 1 | Diarrhoea | Diabetic ketoacidosis | Methyl alcohol poisoning | Acute renal failure | Medicine | Fluid and electrolytes | 764eb539-62b8-4057-b05f-98ebd0f79332 | single |
Thermatomyces is used in? | Ans. a (Sterilization standardization). (Ref. Ananthnarayan, Microbiology, 4th ed., 26, 29)# For determining the efficiency of moist-heat sterilization = Spores of bacillus stearothermophilus.# For determining the efficiency of dry-heat sterilization = Spores of non-toxigenic strains of C.tetani. | 1 | Sterilization standardization | Gram staining | Selective media preparation | Antibiotic sensitivity | Microbiology | General | ddb1742f-db3f-4c14-83dd-c25fdb6d6287 | single |
Large for date baby may be due to: | Beckwith syndrome is charectorised by : macrosomia, macroglossia and omphalocele. cytogenic location is 11q15 and is associated with wilm's tumour of kidney. other risk factors which our likelihood of large fetus are : large size of parents multiparity prolonged gestation increased maternal age male fetus previous infa... | 4 | Beckwith syndrome | Diabetic mother | Genetic predisposition | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Medical, surgical and gynaecological illness complicating pregnancy | f859527b-ed71-49e5-bbaf-08d86730b7c3 | multi |
The ratio of fat cells and blood cells in bone marrow is- | Fat to Cell ratio - in bone marrow should be 1:1 so 1/2 hemopoietic cells and 1/2 are fat cells myeloid: erythroid ratio -in bone marrow -should be 3:1 -an increased ratio is found in infections, chronic myelogenous leukemia, or erythroid hypoplasia. | 3 | 1:04 | 1:02 | 1:01 | 2:01 | Pathology | miscellaneous | 9572ab4b-2cc4-474c-a7ad-b975e5817fdf | single |
Incidence of Turner syndrome: MAHE 10 | Ans. 1: 2500 | 4 | 0.388888889 | 0.736111111 | 1.083333333 | 1.777777778 | Forensic Medicine | null | 35930152-3c23-409d-a298-3214476db1e3 | single |
In secondary syphilis, true about rash is – | Initial lesion of secondary syphilis is characterized by macules which are :
i) Non-pruritic (asymptomatic)
ii) Bilateral symmetrical | 3 | Pruritic | Vesicular | Asymptomatic | Tender | Dental | null | f3e87300-d1e8-454c-a02d-d5764e307cbd | multi |
Bedsore is an example of: | Ans. (b) Trophic ulcer* Bedsore is a pressure ulcer. Most common in sacrum site due to persistent pressure in the back.* This is a type of trophic ulcer.* This can be prevented by frequent change of positioning of the bedridden patient and using Water/Aqua bed.* Once bedsore is formed it is difficult to treat.* Treatme... | 2 | Tropical ulcer | Trophic ulcer | Venous ulcer | Post thrombotic ulcer | Surgery | Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery | 86340e66-471e-4d96-81c8-2d24b5f00512 | single |
All are examples of hereditary neuropathies associated with abnormal lipid metabolism, EXCEPT: | Rare Hereditary Neuropathies A) Hereditary Disorders of Lipid Metabolism 1. Metachromatic leukodystrophy 2. Krabbe disease (globoid cell leukodystrophy) 3. Fabry disease 4. Adrenoleukodystrophy/adrenomyeloneuropathy 5. Refsum disease 6. Tangier disease 7. Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis B) Hereditary Ataxias With Neurop... | 3 | Metachromatic leukodystrophy | Refsum disease | Cockayne syndrome | Fabry disease | Medicine | null | eb0987c6-e1c0-4e49-90fc-b4b492acc485 | multi |
Retinopathy of prematurity is commonly predisposed by – | null | 1 | Less gestation age | Low birth weight | O2 toxicity | Carbohydrate excess | Pediatrics | null | b14042a8-de64-408a-aaac-540ba8b5cfeb | single |
The drug recently approved to be used along with phenteramine in the management of obesity is | null | 3 | Lorcaserin | Orlistat | Topiramate | Sibutramine | Pharmacology | null | 4ee5763a-5eba-4e25-936c-4321cd66b7ff | single |
Most common sets of Metastases of carcinoma bronchi | Distant metastases blood stream are widespread and early.The sites affected,in descending order of involvement,are:the liver,adrenals,bones,pancreas,brain,opposite lung,kidneys & thyroid. Textbook of pathology-6th edition,Harsh Mohan,6th edition,page no:502 | 1 | Liver + Bones | Prostate | Kidney | Breast | Surgery | Cardio thoracic surgery | 41fc199d-a232-40e0-95e3-815ba10117a4 | single |
Impoance of CVP measurements is : | A i.e. Need for blood transfusion | 1 | Need for blood transfusion | Assess amount of fluid to be given | Need for inotropic suppo | All | Anaesthesia | null | 02c2d0ae-8648-44b8-9e27-a83714dfcfce | multi |
Products accumulated in Hunter 's syndrome are | B i.e Dermatan sulfate | 2 | Keratan sulfate | Dermatan sulfate | Chondroitin sulfate | All | Biochemistry | null | 8617765d-dcb4-44a6-a868-4d84b59bf8d8 | multi |
Characterstic CVS leison in syphils is - | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Aoic ring dilatation Syphilitic aoitis usually affects the proximal ascending aoa, paicularly the aoic root, resulting in aoic dilatation and aneurism formation. | 2 | Aneurysm of arch of aoa | Aoic ring dilatation | Medial necrosis | All | Pathology | null | ec3eca14-25ae-4c45-be6c-4f495a35bdb5 | multi |
Which of the following is not a radiographic indication of systemic disease? | Because systemic disorders affect the entire body, the changes manifested in the appearance of the jaws in diagnostic images are usually generalized and often nonspecific, making it difficult to identify the diseases based on imaging characteristics alone. The general changes that can be seen in the jaws include the fo... | 1 | Change in mature tooth density | Change in cortical bone density | Change in the number of trabeculae | Change in overall bone shape and size | Radiology | null | 87d2f2b3-dc7b-4178-8bc6-bcafe6c055b5 | multi |
Drug used for obesity: | (A) Orlistat # Anti Obesity Drugs:> Sibutramine: serotonin and nor-epinephrine reuptake inhibitor.> Orlistat: gastric and pancreatic lipase inhibitor.> Rimonabant: Selective cannabinoid receptors antagonist. Other Drugs> Leptin analogs: Under investigational study.> Orlistat is a synthetic hydrogenated derivative of a ... | 1 | Orlistat | Rivatat | Nitousoxide | Phenylepherine | Medicine | Miscellaneous | bf39b6d2-0a60-41f6-b1e8-82bc3edb870a | single |
Which of the following will quality as a class III exposure to rabies? | <p> caterogies of contact and post exposure prophylaxis in rabies:- Category 1: touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin. PEP- none. Category 2: nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratch/abrasions without bleeding. PEP- immediate vaccination and local treatment of wounds. Category 3: single/ multiple transderm... | 3 | Licks on intact skin a dog | Bites by wild animals | Bites on legs by a dog | Drinking unboiled milk of a suspect animal | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases | 8d666c0a-90bb-4560-b7ed-e2ccca67b62b | single |
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by which of the following immunoglobulins? | Type I hypersensitivity reaction is IgE dependent. Cytotoxic IgE antibodies are fixed on the surface of tissue cells ( mast cells and basophils) in sensitized individuals. The antigen combines with the cell fixed antibody, leading to release of pharmacologically active substance that produces the clinical reaction. Ref... | 4 | Ig A | Ig G | Ig M | Ig E | Microbiology | Immunology | 140e1ef2-28d0-48d3-8c43-148fdab7344b | single |
Which of the following should be the line of management in a pregnant female with controlled diabetes? | Ans. b (Pregnant females with controlled diabetes are more likely to deliver child by normal vaginal delivery without any complication). (Ref. Dutta, Obstertics, 6th ed., p 284)DIABETES IN PREGNANCY# Gestational diabetes usually begins in the second half of pregnancy, and goes away after the baby is bom.Effects on the ... | 2 | Even controlled diabetes in pregnancy does not disappear on its own and needs extensive treatment even after delivery | Pregnant females with controlled diabetes are more likely to deliver child by normal vaginal delivery without any complication. | In all females with gestational diabetes, blood sugar levels remain too high, and daily insulin therapy is essential. | LSCS is must in almost every case of gestational diabetes | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) | e8662762-7b8f-4ba7-a429-9f6c6dd4b072 | multi |
SIADH feature | (A) Hyponatremia with sodium excretion > 20mEq/l # Syndrome of Inappropriate Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) secretion (SIADH) is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolality resulting from inappropriate, continued secretion or action of the hormone despite normal or increased plasma volume, which results in impaired wat... | 1 | Hyponatremia with sodium excretion > 20 mEq/L | Hypernatremia with hypokalemia | Hypernatremia with Na+ excretion < 20 mEq/L | Hyponatremia with hyperkalemia | Medicine | Miscellaneous | a3ba4b69-8ca0-44d0-82bb-2ba12a338a7b | single |
All of the following are true regarding enoxaparin EXCEPT: | Ref KDT, 6th ed. pg. 599-600* Low molecular weight heparin, Enoxaparin, inhibits only factor Xa whereas unfractionated heparin inhibits both factor IIa and factor Xa. | 2 | It has higher and predictable bioavailability | It act by inhibiting both factor Ila and factor Xa | Monitoring is not required | It has more favorable pharmacokinetics | Pharmacology | Hematology | 02b6e8e2-392d-4aa6-922b-fab3a9de01ef | multi |
Which is true about Widal reaction - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Antibody to 'H' antigen appears first and persists | 1 | Antibody to H Ag appears first and persists | Antibody to 0 Ag appears first and persists | Antibodies to H & 0 Ag appears simultaneously and persists | None of the above | Microbiology | null | 01c8b111-a1fb-4a3b-8edb-b5733c6aea62 | multi |
Blow out carotid is characteristically seen in | History of radiation exposure followed by radical neck dissection increases the risk of carotid blowout in head and neck cancers. * Carotid blowout refers to rupture of the carotid and its branches* It is one of the most devastating complications associated with therapy for head and neck cancers * Carotid blowout tends... | 4 | Sistrunk operation | Thyroidectomy | Parathyroidectomy | Radical neck dissection | Anatomy | Head and neck | 715defae-2749-40df-a357-ac4a091e2206 | multi |
Multiple 'punched out holes' in skull are seen in: | Ans. Multiple myeloma | 2 | Hyperparathyroidism | Multiple myeloma | Thalassemia major | Acromegaly | Radiology | null | 281f5ee2-8a0c-445b-98ef-8a7ea9c8425c | single |
Placental alkaline phosphatase is marker of | Placental alkaline phosphatase is a marker of seminoma. Also know Gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase is marker of - seminoma testis AFP is not produced by - seminomas and Choriocarcinomas | 4 | Theca cell tumour | Teratoma | Choriocarcinoma | Seminoma | Anatomy | Urology | 1cc80d08-ee1c-4af3-a59f-02a140f9deab | single |
Which one of the following laboratory tests differentiates leukemoid reaction from chronic myeloid leukemia ? | null | 1 | LAP (leukocyte alkaline phosphatase) | LCA (leukocyte common antigen) | MPO (myelo-peroxidase) | TRAP (tartrate resistant alkaline phosphatase) | Medicine | null | aab785b4-44f3-4b7f-9c90-c8e955731540 | single |
Randomisation is useful to eliminate:(1994) | Ans: bRef: Park, 17th ed, p. 72 & 18th ed, p. 76 | 2 | Observer bias | Confounding factors | Patient bias | Sampling bias | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology | 65848bd9-4c61-4b86-b1ce-4cfaea76c1e4 | single |
Which of the following is not associated with actions of siuins? | Siuins They are a family of NAD-dependent protein deacetylases. There are at least 7 types They have non-redundant functions designed to adapt bodily functions to various environmental stresses, including Food deprivation and DNA damage. Functions:- These include proteins that inhibit metabolic activity Reduce apoptosi... | 4 | Inhibit metabolic activity | Reduce apoptosis | Increased insulin sensitivity | Reduced by calorie restriction | Pathology | Miscellaneous | 0e6a007b-3609-4343-9732-a407c7d89cf2 | single |
Which of the following is the most common origin of cerebral metastasis? | Lung: 40%
Breast : 10 - 30%
Melanoma : 5 - 15%
Unknown : 15% | 1 | Lung cancer | Breast cancer | Melanoma | Colon cancer | Surgery | null | f583e168-b3e4-48ba-9f66-f8f278ee490a | single |
A 50 year old male patient complains of reduced mouth opening. Patient gives h/o RTA 1 week back. A panoramic X-ray was taken using fast intensifying screen. Which of the following is not true about the screen used in this patient? | Fast screens have large phosphor crystals and efficiently convert X-ray photons to visible light, but produce images with lower resolution. Fast screens also have a thicker phosphor layer and a reflective layer, but these properties also decrease sharpness. In deciding on the combination to use, the practitioner must c... | 4 | They have large phosphor crystals | They produce images with lower resolution | They have a thicker phosphor layer and a reflective layer | They increase image sharpness | Radiology | null | 5b842410-0bfd-4ae0-bcd4-0bfc90483a39 | multi |
Chronic asbestos exposure causes | null | 1 | Mesothelioma | Carcinoma of pharynx | Leukoplakia | Erythroplakia | Medicine | null | be464d96-697a-4a3e-9179-c308bba5f05f | single |
The most impoant factor decreasing the systemic bioavailability of orally administered drugs is | Bioavailability is defined as the fraction of unchanged drug reaching the systemic circulation following administration by any route. For an intravenous dose of the drug, bioavailability is assumed to be equal to unity. For a drug administered orally, bioavailability may be less than 100% for two main reasons: 1. The i... | 2 | Incomplete dissolution of oral dosage form | First pass metabolism | Drug degradation by gastric acid | Drug degradation by digestive enzymes | Pharmacology | General anatomy | 1e9f8ed0-3a3f-49b2-afc2-4688c60cdc0e | multi |
Which cells produce surfactant in conducting part of the lung? | Ans. (d) Clara cells(Ref: Robbins 9th/pg 670; 8th/pg 679)Club cells, also known as bronchiolar exocrine cells, originally known as Clara cells, are dome-shaped cells with short microvilli, found in the small airways (bronchioles) of the lungs, produce substances similar to surfactant. | 4 | Goblet cells | Brush cells | Basal cells | Clara cells | Pathology | Respiration | 398be206-b6f1-4866-b075-25e53245910c | single |
Normal cardiac index is | Experiments have shown that the cardiac output increases approximately in propoion to the surface area of the body. Therefore, cardiac output is frequently stated in terms of the cardiac index, which is the cardiac output per square meter of body surface area. The average human being who weighs 70 kilograms has a body ... | 1 | 3.2 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 4.4 | Physiology | Cardiovascular system | dcab83bd-2163-4aef-a8bd-09215454872c | single |
Sequence of events, after salpingitis, in gonorrhoeal pelvic infection is: March 2013 | Ans. B i.e. Pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, pelvic abscess | 2 | Hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx, pelvic abscess | Pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx, pelvic abscess | Pelvic abscess, hydrosalpinx, pyosalpinx | Pelvic abscess, pyosalpinx, hydrosalpinx | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 1f016c82-36d1-47e9-b392-c1b0be631b71 | single |
Antrochoanal polyp is characterized by: | Nasal polyps are non-neoplastic masses of edematous nasal or sinus mucosa. They do not bleed on touch and are insensitive to probing and never present with epistaxis or bleeding from nose. Recurrence is uncommon in case of antrochoanal polyp. Antrochoanal polyps arise from maxillary arum and then grow into choana and n... | 3 | Usually bilateral | It is of allergic origin | It arises from maxillary antrum | All | ENT | null | 45c2a979-90a9-4c5a-93c3-9853603be4a8 | multi |
Most common chromosomal defect is: | Ans: a (Downs) Ref: Robbins, 7th ed, p. 175Down's syndrome is the most common of the chromosome disorders and a major cause of mental retardation.Cytogenetic abnormalityNon disjunction (MC) = 95%Translocation (robertsonian) = 4 %Mosaicism = 1%Increased maternal age is the main risk factor .Translocation carriers carry ... | 1 | Down's | Turner | Edward | Patau | Pathology | Genetics | 423d5d29-5d8e-4a2d-b6ca-8dd41e27cd83 | single |
Level of which clotting factor falls first after giving warfarin? | Ans. is 'c' i.e., VII | 3 | V | VI | VII | VIII | Pharmacology | null | 15826a03-cbf5-4053-8ea8-6358bd9fc87b | multi |
A 32 year old patient with history of recurrent headache was sent for fundus evaluation. He was found to be having generalized aerial attenuation with multiple cotton wool spots and flame shaped haemorrhages in both eyes. The most likely cause is: | Hypeensive retinopathy | 2 | Diabetic retinopathy | Hypeensive retinopathy | Central retinal aery occlusion | Temporal aeritis | Ophthalmology | null | 99a3076a-1980-4668-9174-5b106160200c | multi |
Pacemaker of respiration | null | 4 | Dorsal nuclear group | Apneustic centr | Pnemotaxic centre | Pre Botzingeer complex | Physiology | null | 62e9a497-1543-483f-a702-8078a01476a3 | single |
A person with radiologically confirmed reflux nephropathy develops nephrotic range proteinuria. Which of the following would be the most likely histological finding in the patient? | The pathogenesis of primary FSGS is unknown. Some investigators have suggested that FSGS and minimal-change disease are pa of a continuum and that minimal-change disease may transform into FSGS. Others believe them to be distinct clinicopathologic entities from the outset. In any case, injury to the podocytes is though... | 1 | Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis | Nodular glomerulosclerosis | Membranous glomerulopathy | Proliferative glomerulonephritis with crescents | Pathology | Urinary tract | d6aa29a5-917e-4150-b281-d23c0ba4995e | multi |
Thymic hypoplasia is: | DiGeorge Syndrome (Thymic Hypoplasia) DiGeorge syndrome is caused by a congenital defect in thymic development resulting in deficient T-cell maturation. The disorder is a consequence of a developmental malformation affecting the third and fouh pharyngeal pouches, structures that give rise to the thymus, parathyroid gla... | 3 | Wiskott Aldrich syndrome | Henoch Schonlein disease | Digeorge syndrome | Bloom syndrome | Pathology | Miscellaneous | 088f821d-5105-4b68-85de-c55f21c199e8 | single |
Feature of human hair are all EXCEPT: | Differences b/w Human and Animal hair- Trait Human hair Animal hair General Fine & thin Coarse & thick Cuticle Scales sho, broad, flattened/ thin. Scales large, wavy projections/step-like projections. Coex Thick, 4-10 times as broad as medulla. Thin, rarely more than twice as broad as medulla Medulla Varies, narrow, co... | 2 | Cuticular scales are sho and flattened | Medulla is continuous and wide. | Coex is thick and medulla is one third of shaft diameter | Pigment in medulla is light and broken. | Forensic Medicine | null | 22a10468-6be5-4679-b1d8-1848db18f92b | multi |
"Classical phenyl ketonuria" is caused by deficiency of | (Phenylalanine hydroxylase) (470 - RS 7th) (366 - U.S)PHENYLKETONURIA - 5 types of hyperphenylalaminemiasHYPER PHENYLALANINEMIASTypeConditionProbable enzyme defectTreatmentIClassical phenyl ketonuriaPhenylalanine hydroxylaseLow phenylalanine dietIIPeristent hyperphenyl alaninaemiaDecreased phenylalanine hydroxylase enz... | 2 | Phenylalanine transaminase | Phenylalanine hydroxylase | Tyrosine transaminase | Tyrosine hydroxylase | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids | 61a08891-b452-454e-90d1-e6160cad0ccf | single |
Oral pill may prevent the development of : | Ovarian malignancy | 2 | Carcinoma breast | Ovarian malignancy | Sub - mucous fibroid | All of the above | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 6b462be0-cd41-45e1-ad19-a5fa6c956673 | multi |
Aldosterone is secreted by- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Zona glomerulosa * The adrenal gland consists of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The hormones secreted by the adrenal cortex are called corticosteroid, which are classified into glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids and androgens. The hormones secreted by the adrenal medulla are epinephrine and some ... | 1 | Zona glomerulosa | Zona fasiculata | Zona reticularis | Adrenal medulla | Physiology | Endocrinology and Reproduction | d183646c-4650-4f37-9fac-b3142880a379 | single |
A patient of post-cholecystectomy biliary stricture has undergone an ERCP three days ago. Following this she has developed acute cholangitis. The most likely organism is | The most common bacteria linked to ascending /acute cholangitis is Escherichia coli(25-50%),followed by other gram negative bacilli like Klebsiella(15-20%),proteus and pseudomonas.Among gram positive,enterococcus is common(10-20%)and anaerobes like Clostridium. Reference:SRB's manual of surgery,5th edition,page no:643 | 1 | Escherichia colli | Bacillus fragilis | Streptococcus viridans | Pseudomonas aerogenosa | Surgery | G.I.T | d074820d-1dfc-4c8f-b73f-804ec9a961b9 | single |
A 55-year-old male firefighter is admitted to the hospital after blunt trauma to his right axilla. Examination reveals winging of the scapula and partial paralysis of the right side of the diaphragm. Which of the following parts of the brachial plexus have been injured? | The winged scapula results from a lesion of the long thoracic nerve, which supplies the serratus anterior muscle. This muscle is responsible for rotating the scapula upward, which occurs during abduction of the arm above the horizontal. The long thoracic nerve comes off the C5 to C7 roots of the brachial plexus. The di... | 3 | Cords | Divisions | Roots | Terminal branches | Anatomy | Upper Extremity | 7aa5185e-64f7-4424-a486-a3f2d47002c8 | single |
Calcitonin is secreted from - | Calcitonin is a hypocalcemic peptide hormone that in several mammalian species acts as an indirect antagonist to the calcemic actions of PTH. Calcitonin is produced by the thyroid medullary C cells, derived from the neural crest derivatives from the ultimobranchial body. The C cells are interspersed throughout the thyr... | 3 | Ancinar cells of thyroid | Chief cells of parathyroid | "C" cells of thyroid | Oxyphil cells of parathyroids | Medicine | Endocrinology | 9c2070ba-2308-4336-b697-fd45254035e8 | single |
Luteal phase defect is best diagnosed by : | Endometrial biopsy | 2 | Serum progesterone levels | Endometrial biopsy | Basal body temperature | Ultrasonography | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null | 332267c5-5d09-4798-a306-5221616f091a | single |
Calculus is most commonly seen in which salivary gland: | Stone formation is most common in submaxillary (submandibular) gland (80-90% cases) followed by parotid gland (10-20%). It can occur at any age with a predilection for men. Predisposing factors for stone formation are systemic disease (Hyperparathyroidism, hypercalcemia, gout, diabetes and hypeension) therefore submand... | 4 | Sublingual | Palatal | Parotid | Submandibular | ENT | null | 19aa01af-f8ce-471f-8071-fd9d0f201500 | single |
Most common indication of liver transplantation in children:- | Indications of Liver Transplantation MC indication of LT HCV induced cirrhosisQ 2nd MC indication of LT Alcoholic liver diseases MC indication of pediatric LT Biliary atresiaQ MC metabolic disorder requiring LT Alpha-1 antytrypsin deficiencyQ MC indication for LT following acute liver failure Acetaminophen toxicityQ | 1 | Biliary atresia | Wilson's disease | Hemochromatosis | Primary biliary cirrhosis | Surgery | NEET 2019 | 1871516b-e496-4a38-acad-7b9e5cbe8eb7 | single |
Which of the following is typical of apoptosis? | Apoptosis is characterized by the activation of endonucleases, which leads to DNA fragmentation. The chromatin of apoptotic nuclei appears clumped as inpyknosism, but karyolysis does not occur. Nuclei may become fragmented, but this fragmentation is distinct from the mitotic division. Apoptosis does not induce an influ... | 2 | Activation of DNA synthesis, as in the mitotic cycle | Activation of endogenous endonucleases | Reduced cytosolic free calcium | Karyolysis | Pathology | General pathology | 587e0987-cdac-410c-98eb-ac38d0cb682f | single |
Indications for fine needle aspiration in liver abscess are | Indications of fine needle aspiration in liver abscess are - in case of large abscess (>10cm), infected abscess, failure of drug therapy, large left lobe abscess, seronegative, abscess in pregnancy where drug therapy cannot be used. Reference :SRB edition 5 ,page no.599 | 4 | Recurrent | Left lobe | Refractory to treatment after 48-72 hrs | > 10 cms size | Surgery | G.I.T | c61e6b5c-a20d-4e9a-8530-2f94919a8919 | single |
Corticosteroids are potent suppressors of the body’s inflammatory response. Which of the following conditions or actions do they suppress? | Option C: Corticosteroids suppress eosinophils, lymphocytes, and natural killer cells, inhibiting the natural inflammatory process in an infected or injured part of the body.
Option A: Excessive corticosteroid therapy can lead to Cushing’s syndrome.
Options B and D: Corticosteroids do not suppress the pain receptors an... | 3 | Cushing syndrome | Pain receptors | Immune response | Neural transmission | Dental | null | b15e6670-b733-424a-9a52-951ceca9aa72 | single |
Group A streptococcus causes all except - | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Epidermolysis bullae | 4 | Scarlet fever | Erysipelas | Impetigo | Epidermolysis bullae | Microbiology | null | 3edf8314-249d-4aa3-8935-72d312095fbc | multi |
Investigation of choice to evaluate intracranial hemorrhage of less than 48 hours is - | Ans. is 'a' i.e., CT o Procedure of choice for emergent evaluation of acute intracerebral hemorrhage - CT scan. | 1 | CT scan | MRI | PET | SPECT | Radiology | Brain Imaging: Anatomy, Trauma, and Tumors | 3afa0cc0-79b2-4f0e-ad1b-474f7bb231d2 | single |
Fredrich's ataxia is caused by which type of mutation- | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Expanded trinucleotide repeat o Freidrich ataxia is an autosomal recessive disorder.o It is caused by loss of functional mutation in frataxin gene (FxN) gene.o Frataxin gene is located on chromosome 9ql 3.o Majority of patients have an expanded trinucleotide repeat in intron 1 of both alleles of frata... | 2 | Point mutation | Expanded trinucleotide repeat | Missense mutation | Inversion | Medicine | Ataxic Disorders | 0e544944-bc73-4d74-90bd-3b9e6634b39e | single |
Wound with bloody discharge belongs to which grade as per Southampton wound grading system | Southampton wound grading system for healing and injection :
Grade 0 is normal healing.
Grade 1 is with bruising / mild erythema.
Grade 2 is severe erythema with other features of inflammation at or around wound.
Grade 3 is serous or bloody discharge.
Grade 4 is presence of pus or deep infection or tissue break - down... | 3 | Grade 1 | Grade 2 | Grade 3 | Grade 4 | Surgery | null | f6a4d100-3fa3-499d-9353-e90291ff1821 | single |
Cracked nipple may be- | • This may occur during lactation and be the forerunner of acute infective mastitis.
• If the nipple becomes cracked during lactation, it should be rested for 24–48 hours and the breast should be emptied with a breast pump.
• Feeding should be resumed as soon as possible. | 4 | Due to syphilitic chancre | Cause of retention cyst | Pagets disease of nipple | Forerunner of breast abscess | Surgery | null | d0ee7a65-1cc3-430f-a153-d60282795ada | single |
Which of the following is used for Rickettsia - | null | 1 | Weil-Felix reaction | Rose-waler test | Poul-Bunnel test | VDRL | Microbiology | null | 73ec2ce2-e643-4a45-aad1-acb48ed9a7d2 | single |
Common design which can be employed while fabricating a sanitary pontic: | Fishbelly pontic is also known as conventional pontic.
Perel pontic is also known as modified sanitary pontic or arc-fixed partial denture. | 4 | Bar sanitary pontic. | Fish-belly pontic. | Perel pontic. | All of the above. | Dental | null | a0d37cf7-24e0-4024-aaaa-0143083f7d10 | multi |
Which is not a feature of pilonidal sinus: | "Recurrence is common, even though adequate excision of the track is carried out." - Bailey & Love "Once an acute episode has resolved, recurrence is common"- Schwartz 9/e p1067
Pilonidal disease
Pilonidal disease consists of a hair-containing abscess or chronic sinus, occurring in the intergluteal cleft.
It is an acqu... | 2 | Branching tracts are common | Recurrence is uncommon | Bony involvement is uncommon | Seen in Drivers | Surgery | null | 28699c9a-dfdd-43af-9655-4d049f5e9373 | single |
Which of the following statements are True or False? 1. Genetic polymorphisms of the P450 enzyme system, specifically CYP1A1, or chromosome fragility are associated with the development of lung cancer. 2. Cigarette smoking increases the risk of squamous and small cell lung cancer cell types only. 3. Varenicline-nicotin... | Cigarette smoking increases the risk of all the major lung cancer cell types. Extrathoracic metastatic disease is found at autopsy in >50% of patients with squamous carcinoma. This is an impoant topic for entrance read thoroughly. Ref: Harrisons Principles of Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 741-42 | 2 | 1,2,3 True & 4,5 False | 1,3,4 True & 4,5 False | 2,4,5 True & 1,3-False | 2,5 True & 1,3,4-False | Medicine | null | 8185e4ff-3a0e-4f2b-82d5-3238f2eac2da | multi |
Barr body is not seen in: | Barr body, or X chromatin Inactive X can be seen in the interphase nucleus as a darkly staining small mass in contact with the nuclear membrane known as the. Number of Barr bodies = number of X chromosome -1 , Turner syndrome patients, number of Barr body = 1-1=0. | 2 | Klinefelter syndrome | Turner syndrome | Normal female | XXX syndrome | Pathology | Specific Cytogenetic Disorders | 5f3ee709-7649-4acf-9ca7-80649551c08e | single |
Supracristal plane is above ? | Ans.a. Highest point of iliac crestSupracristal plane is an anatomical transverse plane lying at the upper most pa of the pelvis, the iliac crest.This is usually at the level of the L4 veebrae.It passes through the umbilical region and the left and right lumbar regions. | 1 | Highest point of iliac crest | Anterior superior iliac spine | Posterior superior iliac spine | Ischeal tuberosity | Anatomy | null | 84a8ae9c-3c71-4001-849b-4cc7514597e2 | multi |
Hyper segmented neutrophils are seen in: | null | 1 | Megaloblastic anemia | Iron deficiency anemia | Thalassemia | Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura | Pathology | null | fbd61cb0-9277-45ee-ba68-feacce4242ae | single |
Bilateral upper limb pulse less disease is? | bilateral upper limb pulseless disease is caused by aooaeritis Takayasu's aeritis (also known as, "aoic arch syndrome," "nonspecific aooaeritis," and "pulseless disease) is a form of large vessel granulomatous vasculitis with massive intimal fibrosis and vascular narrowing, most commonly affecting often young or middle... | 3 | Giant Cell Aeritis | Polyaeritis Nodosa | Aooaeritis | HSP | Medicine | C.V.S | 19868e50-1865-4c2f-b246-175a7ce6bda8 | single |
Biphasic pattern on histology is seen in? | Synovial cell sarcoma can have dual lining of differentiation consisting of epithelial and spindle tumor cells. | 3 | Osteosarcoma | Osteoclastoma | Synovial cell sarcoma | Rhabdomyosarcoma | Pathology | null | 9672d1af-bde0-4019-9aa8-b366b4b7c862 | single |
Ramla, 65 yrs old male presents with low backpain especially at L3, anaemia and fatiguability) His investigation profile reveals -Hb =7gm%, TLC-9000/cmm, DLC -N- 55%, L-30%, M-10%, E-1%, -2%,Serum proteins-8gm %, ratio-2.9/5.9, ESR-90 and serum creatinine-3.2 mg%. Likely diagnosis is - | null | 2 | Waldenstroms macroglobulinemia | Multiple myeloma | TB spine | Secondaries in spine | Medicine | null | 62adab44-b508-43df-bebb-7c7754ecc8e9 | multi |
In JVP y descent is absent and X wave is prominent? Thiscsuggests: | Ans. (b) Cardiac tamponadeRef.: Harrison 19th ed. /1573JVP FindingsJVP WavesFindingsConstrictive pericarditisFindingsCardiac tamponadeX waveProminentProminentY waveProminentAbsent | 2 | Restictive cardiomyopathy | Cardiac tamponade | Constrictive pericarditis | Right Ventricular Failure | Medicine | C.V.S. | 5c94af56-0a5e-4cb4-960f-ed2d7fda4f8d | single |
Investigation of choice in the early phase of renal transplant | • Vascular complications after renal transplantation are low, presents during the first week after transplantation with sudden pain and swelling at the site of the graft.
• Diagnosis is confirmed by Doppler ultrasonography.
• Urgent surgical exploration is indicated and, in most cases, transplant nephrectomy is require... | 3 | IVP | Retrograde cystourethrogram | Ultrasonogram | CT scan | Surgery | null | f45fead1-36e2-4aac-833d-ff1ca0408595 | single |
A child with complaints of cough. Characteristic 'inspiratory whoop. Sample for investigation is – | "Culture of nasopharyngeal secretion remains the gold standard for diagnosis of whooping cough" - Harrison | 1 | Nasopharyngeal swab | Tracheal aspiration | Cough plate culture | Sputum culture | Pediatrics | null | bd655a34-39dd-4907-a1ea-81e4c9cd38e6 | single |
IgA nephropathy is characterised by:- | IgA nephroapthy is also known as Berger nephropathy Gross Hematuria in IgA nephropathy occurs within 1-2 days of onset of an upper respiratory or GI infection (skin infection leads to poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN)and not IgA nephropathy). Mild to moderate hypeension can be seen May be associated with loin... | 3 | Hematuria occur after skin infection | Severe Hypeension | Normal serum levels of C3 | Serum IgA levels have a diagnostic value | Pediatrics | Nephritic & Nephrotic Syndrome | c4e44980-8d57-4cd7-aabe-cd2b78cbbedf | single |
Which of the listed diseases is most strongly suggested by the above antibody studies? Anti-centromere High titer Anti-Scl-70 Not detected Anti-Pol-I Not detected Anti-RNP Not detected Anti-dsDNA Not detected | Anti-centromere antibodies are a marker for the CREST (calcinosis, Raynaud's phenomenon, esophageal dysfunction, sclerodactyly, and telangiectasia) variant of scleroderma. The markers for diffuse scleroderma, anti-Scl-70 and anti-Pol-I, are usually negative in CREST syndrome, as are most other autoantibodies. The marke... | 1 | CREST | Diffuse scleroderma | Mixed connective tissue disease | Sjogren's syndrome | Microbiology | null | 5002570b-d43c-456e-a12e-5084e20395ee | multi |
Fast breathing in a 3 year old child is? | ANSWER: (C) > 40REF: OP Ghai 7th ed p. 356According to WHO fast respiratory rate:>60/ min< 2 months> 50/min2-12 months>40/min12-60 months | 3 | > 60 | >50 | >40 | >30 | Pediatrics | Disorders of the Respiratory Tract | 53a04775-54ca-415c-a1c4-0a44b9a1cfc7 | single |
Predisposing factor for pneumococal pneumoniaa) CRFb) Lymphoma c) Thalassemiad) Cystic fibrosis | null | 1 | abc | bc | acd | bcd | Medicine | null | eabe080e-8670-4a18-a4c0-a708fec57ec5 | single |
Onion skin thickening of aeriolar wall is sees in- | Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis is more typical of severe hypeension. Vessel exhibit onion skin . Concentric laminated thickening of aeriolar walls and luminal narrowing Robbins 9 th edition page no. 334 | 4 | Atherosclerosis | Median calcific sclerosis | Hyaline aeriosclerosis | Hyperplastic aeriosclerosis | Pathology | Cardiovascular system | dc69e381-266b-4828-998b-cae21312deaa | multi |
Pupillary reaction to light is still normal in lesion/injury to | Ans. (b) Optic disc* Optic disc is not involved in papillary light reflex.* Pathway of papillary light reflex:Retina - Optic Nerve - Optic Chiasma - Optic Tract - Prerectal Nucleus - Edinger Westphal Nucleus - Inferior Division of 3rd Nerve - Ciliary Ganglion - Short Ciliary Nerves - Sphincter Pupillae | 2 | Optic nerve | Optic disc | Optic tract | Optic chiasm | Ophthalmology | Diseases of the Optic Nerve | 19e0e53b-7d97-40c2-8a62-2ba59cfc8751 | single |
Centrosome duplication takes place in - | Centrosome duplication is heavily regulated by cell cycle controls. This link between the cell cycle and the centrosome cycle is mediated by cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2). There has been ample evidence that Cdk2 is necessary for both DNA replication and centrosome duplication, which are both key events in S phase. I... | 3 | M phase | GO phase | S phase | G2 phase | Pathology | General pathology | 1efb898b-d249-4170-b3ad-003dfd0ea8df | single |
Herberdens nodes are seen in: | null | 3 | Rubella | Rubeola | Osteoarthritis | Typhoid | Medicine | null | c9ccc63e-46e6-4158-984d-4705a7e18d0f | single |
In acute tubular necrosis, all are true except | Acute tubular necrosis: - Muddy brown granular or tubular epithelial cell casts- FENa > 1%- UNa > 20 mmol/L- SG < 1.015 Ref: Harrison's 17/e p1757 table 273-2 | 4 | Specific gravity of urine < 1.020 | Urine Osmolatlity > 500 | Blood urea: creatinine ratio < 20 | Urine sodium < 20mmol/l | Medicine | All India exam | 4936aa7b-8903-41d7-8816-8e7365f6260a | multi |
Which of the following is used in tracking transfer of MS from mother to infant, to detect risk of early childhood caries? | null | 2 | Albans test | GC-Saliva check SM | Dentocult lactobacilli test | Fosdick calcium dissolution test | Dental | null | 855514ec-18ce-4e66-872e-f623581ca15e | single |
Coils are incorporated in orthodontic appliances to: | null | 2 | Decrease the amount of force | Increase the range of movement | Increase flexibility | Increase the amount of force | Dental | null | de979103-43f5-4c50-ab7b-6a8a16215187 | single |
Differential Cyanosis occurs in which of the following disease: | Ans. D. All of the aboveDifferential cyanosis can be caused by* Persistent pulmonary hypertension of Newborn* Coarctation of Aorta* Interrupted aortic arch | 4 | Severe coarctation | PPHN | Interrupted aortic arch | All of the above | Pediatrics | C.V.S. | 5bdebb79-a8a2-4a74-b15c-d649b4459f49 | multi |
All drugs are used in Treatment of Mania except - | Drugs used for mania are Lithium, Valproate, Carbamazepine / Oxcarbazepine, Typical & atypical antipsychotics (olanzapine, risperidone, quetiapine, ziprasidone, aripiprazole, haloperidol), benzodiazepines.
Trihexylphenidyl is a central anticholinergic drug used in Drug induced Parkinsonism. | 2 | Haloperidol | Trihexylphenidyl | Lithium | Carbamazepine | Psychiatry | null | eb1bc9fa-4563-44e8-8389-9ef19777a1ab | multi |
Which of the following drug is not a uricosuric agent? | Drugs increasing the excretion of uric acid (Uricosuric agents) Probenecid Sulfinpyrazone Benzbromarone Lesinurad | 4 | Probenecid | Sulfinpyrazone | Benzbromarone | Febuxostat | Pharmacology | Kidney | b9dbbdf1-89d8-4948-aac5-8b0b6993437c | single |
The gene that regulates normal morphogenesis during development is : | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Homeobox gene Homeobox geneis associated with normal morphogenesis.Their expression results in the production of localized cellular condensation of primitive mesenchyme in the sites of future bones.They play an important role in patterning of limbs, vertebrae and craniofacial structures.Mutations in Ho... | 2 | FMR-1 gene | Homeobox gene. | P-16 | FTEN. | Pathology | Cytogenetic Disorders | 446f9a49-7e0c-4230-bff4-6a8e221bebb7 | single |
Double-bubble sign in X-ray is seen in | Duodenal atresia | 2 | Colon carcinoma | Duodenal atresia | Acute pancreatitis | Perforation | Radiology | null | 59090ee3-1ac9-4531-87f4-fe99253430ef | single |
Card test is done for- | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Plamar interossei * Card Test: This is for palmar interossei (adductors) of the fingers. In this test, the examiner inserts a card between two extended fingers and the patient is asked to hold it as tightly as possible while the examiner tries to pull the card out. The power of adductors can thus be j... | 1 | Plamar interossei | Dorsal interossei | Abductor pollicis brevis | Palmaris longus | Anatomy | Upper Extremity | 97201a22-8d56-4687-8e1f-64e5f06e1ba0 | single |
Infection of submandibular space is seen in: | (a) Ludwig angina(Ref. Scott Brown, 8th ed., Vol 3; 628; Stell & Maran, 5th ed., 229)Ludwig angina is infection of the submandibular space, i.e. floor of mouth.Vincent angina is ulcerative gingivitis along with involvement of the tonsils.Prinzmetal angina and unstable angina are the acute coronary syndromes. | 1 | Ludwig angina | Vincent angina | Prinzmetal angina | Unstable angina | ENT | Pharynx | 5b6cc3d2-b4c8-4e92-9a10-e6d4f2f0d330 | single |
High impact resin has? | High impact resin = Butadiene rubber (5 to 10%) in powder | 2 | Polysterene | Butadine-Styrene rubber | Polyehtyl methacrylate | Polyamides | Dental | null | 2680a2dc-cf95-4ef3-a3fb-f6a7d1e073aa | single |
A 60-year-old woman complained of weakness, lethargy and easy fatigability. Investigation showed that she had iron deficiency anaemia (Hb. 8 g/dl). She was prescribed cap. ferrous fumarate 300 mg twice daily. She returned after one month with no improvement in symptoms. Her Hb. level was unchanged. On enq... | Gastric acid is required for the absorption of oral iron salts. Concurrent ingestion of antacid tablets could have interfered with iron absorption. Hence, the anaemia failed to improve. | 1 | Lower pH is required for absorption of oral iron salts | Higher pH is required for absorption of oral iron salt | Oral iron can not cross biomembranes in any form | Any of the above can be possible reason. | Pharmacology | null | 97cac6f1-7b82-4089-ab2c-c676730e79fd | multi |
Contusion usually result from | null | 3 | Cut injury | Crush injury | Blunt trauma | Penetrating injury | Dental | null | 9135dbbf-d0ec-4473-9cfa-05840beaaedb | multi |
Pain insensitive structure in brain is: | Choroid plexus Repeat from Al 2009Choroid plexus is pain insensitive structure.Harrison writes-"Relatively .few cranial structures are pain-producing; these include the scalp, middle meningeal aery, dural sinuses, .falx cereberi, and proximal segments of the large pial aeries. The ventricular ependyma, Choroid plexus, ... | 4 | Falx cerebri | Dural sheath surrounding vascular sinuses | Middle meningeal aery | Choroid plexus | Anatomy | null | 78d4a208-75ed-4834-82dc-8fdd5252d060 | single |
In which phase of sleep, does the bruxism occur? | Bruxism occurs in both stage I and stage II. But more common in stage II.
Note: OSA is not associated with a reduction in total sleep time, but individuals with OSA experience a much greater time in stage 1 NREM sleep (from an average of 10% of total sleep to 30–50%) and a marked reduction in slow-wave sleep (stages 3 ... | 1 | NREM 2 | NREM 3 | REM sleep | NREM 4 | Physiology | null | dee042f1-9be4-474a-8b55-f4b8c702b136 | single |
80 year old, asymptomatic man present with a Total Leucocyte Count of 1 lakh, with 80% lymphocytes and 20% PMC's. What is the most probable diagnosis? | Answer is C (CLL) : Incidental finding of Lymphocytosis (80,000/mcL) in an elderly and' asymptomatic patient suggests the diagnosis of CLL. Why is CLL the single best answer of choice here ? 'CLL is a disease of older patients wth 90% of cases occurring after the age of 50 years and median age of presentation is 65 yea... | 1 | HIV | CML | CLL | TB | Medicine | null | a2ab3b4c-82f8-4f10-a71d-f44e696c692e | single |
In a patient with cardiac output 5 liters/minute and body surface area 1.7 m2 what will be the cardiac index | A i.e. 3 liters / min/m2 | 1 | 3 liter/ min/ m2 | 4 liter/min/m2 | 5 liter/ min/ m2 | 2.5 liter/ mkin/ m2 | Physiology | null | c1d8f793-5051-4e27-8a32-476e51c82d31 | single |
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