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Syphon Filter-Games-Syphon Filter (1999) The plot centers on special agents, Gabriel Logan and Lian Xing, who are tasked by the United States government to apprehend Erich Rhoemer, an international terrorist. Syphon Filter 2 (2000) The plot picks up immediately after where the previous Syphon Filter ended. Gabe sets ou...
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Syphon Filter-Games-Syphon Filter: Dark Mirror (2006) Following a mixed reception of The Omega Strain, Dark Mirror is a return to the series' roots. Gabe investigates a terrorist incident in an Alaskan oil refinery, only to discover a big conspiracy around the titular Dark Mirror. This is the first Syphon Filer title d...
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Syphon Filter-Games-Syphon Filter: Logan's Shadow (2007) Serving as a direct sequel to Dark Mirror, Gabe receives a mission to retrieve stolen military equipment from Somali pirates, while discovering that his partner, Lian Xing, could be a double agent.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dirac spinor-Dirac spinor-In quantum field theory, the Dirac spinor is the spinor that describes all known fundamental particles that are fermions, with the possible exception of neutrinos. It appears in the plane-wave solution to the Dirac equation, and is a certain combination of two Weyl spinors, specifically, a bis...
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Dirac spinor-Dirac spinor-Dirac spinors are important and interesting in numerous ways. Foremost, they are important as they do describe all of the known fundamental particle fermions in nature; this includes the electron and the quarks. Algebraically they behave, in a certain sense, as the "square root" of a vector. T...
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Dirac spinor-Dirac spinor-This article is devoted to the Dirac spinor in the Dirac representation. This corresponds to a specific representation of the gamma matrices, and is best suited for demonstrating the positive and negative energy solutions of the Dirac equation. There are other representations, most notably the...
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Dirac spinor-Dirac spinor-The remainder of this article is laid out in a pedagogical fashion, using notations and conventions specific to the standard presentation of the Dirac spinor in textbooks on quantum field theory. It focuses primarily on the algebra of the plane-wave solutions. The manner in which the Dirac spi...
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Dirac spinor-Definition-The Dirac spinor is the bispinor u(p→) in the plane-wave ansatz of the free Dirac equation for a spinor with mass m which, in natural units becomes and with Feynman slash notation may be written An explanation of terms appearing in the ansatz is given below. The Dirac field is ψ(x) , a relati...
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Dirac spinor-Definition-The Dirac spinor related to a plane-wave with wave-vector p→ is u(p→) , a C4 vector which is constant with respect to position in spacetime but dependent on momentum p→ The inner product on Minkowski space for vectors p and x is p⋅x≡pμxμ≡Ep→t−p→⋅x→ The four-momentum of a plane wave is :=...
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Dirac spinor-Definition-σ→ is the Pauli vector, Ep→ is the positive square root {\textstyle E_{\vec {p}}=+{\sqrt {m^{2}+{\vec {p}}^{2}}}} . For this article, the p→ subscript is sometimes omitted and the energy simply written E .In natural units, when m2 is added to p2 or when m is added to p/ , m means mc in ordin...
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Dirac spinor-Derivation from Dirac equation-The Dirac equation has the form In order to derive an expression for the four-spinor ω, the matrices α and β must be given in concrete form. The precise form that they take is representation-dependent. For the entirety of this article, the Dirac representation is used. In thi...
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Dirac spinor-Derivation from Dirac equation-The next step is to look for solutions of the form while at the same time splitting ω into two two-spinors: Results Using all of the above information to plug into the Dirac equation results in This matrix equation is really two coupled equations: Solve the 2nd equation for χ...
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Dirac spinor-Derivation from Dirac equation-Assembling these pieces, the full positive energy solution is conventionally written as The above introduces a normalization factor {\textstyle {\sqrt {\frac {E+m}{2m}}},} derived in the next section.
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Dirac spinor-Derivation from Dirac equation-Solving instead the 1st equation for ϕ a different set of solutions are found: In this case, one needs to enforce that {\textstyle E=-{\sqrt {{\vec {p}}^{2}+m^{2}}}} for this solution to be valid in a frame where the particle has p→=0→ . The proof follows analogously to th...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dirac spinor-Chiral basis-In the chiral representation for γμ , the solution space is parametrised by a C2 vector ξ , with Dirac spinor solution where σμ=(I2,σi),σ¯μ=(I2,−σi) are Pauli 4-vectors and ⋅ is the Hermitian matrix square-root.
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Dirac spinor-Spin orientation-Two-spinors In the Dirac representation, the most convenient definitions for the two-spinors are: and since these form an orthonormal basis with respect to a (complex) inner product. Pauli matrices The Pauli matrices are Using these, one obtains what is sometimes called the Pauli vector:
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Dirac spinor-Orthogonality-The Dirac spinors provide a complete and orthogonal set of solutions to the Dirac equation. This is most easily demonstrated by writing the spinors in the rest frame, where this becomes obvious, and then boosting to an arbitrary Lorentz coordinate frame. In the rest frame, where the three-mom...
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Dirac spinor-Completeness-The four rest-frame spinors u(s)(0→), v(s)(0→) indicate that there are four distinct, real, linearly independent solutions to the Dirac equation. That they are indeed solutions can be made clear by observing that, when written in momentum space, the Dirac equation has the form and This follow...
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Dirac spinor-Completeness-This phase changes nothing; it can be interpreted as a kind of global gauge freedom. This is not to say that "phases don't matter", as of course they do; the Dirac equation must be written in complex form, and the phases couple to electromagnetism. Phases even have a physical significance, as ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Dirac spinor-Completeness-With an appropriate choice of the gamma matrices, it is possible to write the Dirac equation in a purely real form, having only real solutions: this is the Majorana equation. However, it has only two linearly independent solutions. These solutions do not couple to electromagnetism; they descri...
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Dirac spinor-Energy eigenstate projection matrices-It is conventional to define a pair of projection matrices Λ+ and Λ− , that project out the positive and negative energy eigenstates. Given a fixed Lorentz coordinate frame (i.e. a fixed momentum), these are These are a pair of 4×4 matrices. They sum to the identity ...
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Dirac spinor-Charge conjugation-Charge conjugation transforms the positive-energy spinor into the negative-energy spinor. Charge conjugation is a mapping (an involution) ψ↦ψc having the explicit form where (⋅)T denotes the transpose, C is a 4×4 matrix, and η is an arbitrary phase factor, 1.
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Dirac spinor-Charge conjugation-The article on charge conjugation derives the above form, and demonstrates why the word "charge" is the appropriate word to use: it can be interpreted as the electrical charge. In the Dirac representation for the gamma matrices, the matrix C can be written as Thus, a positive-energy sol...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-SEPTA Key-The SEPTA Key card is a smart card that is used for automated fare collection on the SEPTA public transportation network in the Philadelphia metropolitan area. It can be used throughout SEPTA's transit system (bus, trolley, subway, high speed line), and on Regional Rail.
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SEPTA Key-History-Before the Key System, SEPTA's fare collection was almost entirely manual. Monthly and Weekly passes were sold by a cashier at a SEPTA sales office. Tokens for bus, trolley and subway fare could be purchased from a vending machine at some stations, however exact change was required. Paper tickets and ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-History-The initial rollout of the key card on transit services began with an early adoption program starting on June 13, 2016. Sale of Key Cards was opened to the public on February 9, 2017. As of June 1, 2017, weekly and monthly TransPasses (for urban transit, distinct from the TrailPasses for SEPTA Regiona...
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SEPTA Key-Technology and use-Similar to a debit card issued by a bank, each Key card has a personalized 16 digit account number. A Mastercard Paypass chip is embedded in the card allowing it to be read wirelessly. Riders simply wave their card near a red fare validator pad. On buses, trolley routes, and the Norristown ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-Technology and use-The system also has a Quick Trip feature allowing a single fare for the Broad Street Line or the Market-Frankford Line to be purchased from a Key vending machine. Instead of a plastic card with an embedded chip, the system prints a paper ticket with a magnetic stripe. A rider with a quick t...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-Technology and use-The system was designed to keep most of SEPTA's existing fare collection practices in place. For example, the system can automatically detect if a rider is transferring from another route and charge the transfer fee instead of the full fare.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-Technology and use-The SEPTA Key Student Fare Card program provides K-12 students with a SEPTA Key card that can be used for up to 8 trips per school day. Cards can be upgraded to be used on Regional Rail. The SEPTA Key University Pass is a discount transit pass for college students at participating colleges....
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SEPTA Key-Contract and implementation-In 2007, SEPTA announced a plan to award a contract for an updated fare payment system by the end of the year. At the time, it was estimated the project would take about three years and cost approximately $100 million, based on the implementation of similar fare payment systems in ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
SEPTA Key-SEPTA Key Tix-In December 2022, SEPTA released a public beta of SEPTA Key Tix after a months-long closed trial. This feature allows for occasional riders to buy passes for all modes of rapid transit (except Regional Rail) from a smartphone that can be scanned as a ticket via QR code. The fares for SEPTA Key T...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Journal of Engineering Education-Journal of Engineering Education-The Journal of Engineering Education is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal covering research on engineering education that is published by the American Society for Engineering Education. The editor-in-chief is Lisa C. Benson (Clemson University).
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Journal of Engineering Education-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in: Science Citation Index Social Sciences Citation Index Current Contents/Engineering, Computing and Technology Current Contents/Social and Behavioral Sciences EBSCOhost ScopusAccording to the Journal Citation Reports, the ...
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Classical Marxism-Classical Marxism-Classical Marxism is the body of economic, philosophical, and sociological theories expounded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels in their works, as contrasted with orthodox Marxism, Marxism–Leninism, and autonomist Marxism which emerged after their deaths. The core concepts of classic...
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Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-Karl Marx (5 May 1818, Trier, Germany – 14 March 1883, London) was an immensely influential German philosopher, sociologist, political economist and revolutionary socialist. Marx addressed a wide range of issues, including alienation and exploitation of the worker, the capitalist mode of pro...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-As the American Marx scholar Hal Draper remarked: "[T]here are few thinkers in modern history whose thought has been so badly misrepresented, by Marxists and anti-Marxists alike". Early influences The early influences on Marx are often grouped into three categories, namely German philosophy,...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-German philosophy Main influences include Immanuel Kant, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel and Ludwig Feuerbach. Marx studied under one of Hegel's pupils, Bruno Bauer, a leader of the circle of Young Hegelians to whom Marx attached himself. However, in 1841 he and Engels came to disagree with B...
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Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-English and Scottish political economy Main influences include Adam Smith and David Ricardo. Marx built on and critiqued the most well-known political economists of his day, the British classical political economists.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-Marx critiqued Smith and Ricardo for not realizing that their economic concepts reflected specifically capitalist institutions, not innate natural properties of human society, and could not be applied unchanged to all societies. He proposed a systematic correlation between labor values and m...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-French socialism Main influences include Jean-Jacques Rousseau, Charles Fourier, Henri de Saint-Simon, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon and Louis Blanc. Rousseau was one of the first modern writers to seriously attack the institution of private property and is sometimes considered a forebear of modern...
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Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-In 1833, France was experiencing a number of social problems arising out of the Industrial Revolution. A number of sweeping plans of reform were developed by thinkers on the political left. Among the more grandiose were the plans of Charles Fourier and the followers of Saint-Simon. Fourier w...
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Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-Other influences on Marx Main influences includes Friedrich Engels, ancient Greek materialism, Giambattista Vico and Lewis H. Morgan. Marx's revision of Hegelianism was also influenced by Engels' book The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844, which led Marx to conceive of the hi...
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Classical Marxism-Karl Marx-Giambattista Vico propounded a cyclical theory of history, according to which human societies progress through a series of stages from barbarism to civilization and then return to barbarism. In the first stage—called the Age of the Gods—religion, the family and other basic institutions emerg...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Friedrich Engels-Friedrich Engels (28 November 1820, Wuppertal, Prussia – 5 August 1895, London) was a 19th-century German political philosopher. He developed communist theory alongside his better-known collaborator, Karl Marx. In 1842, his father sent the young Engels to England to help manage his co...
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Classical Marxism-Friedrich Engels-In July 1845, Engels went to England, where he met an Irish working-class woman named Mary Burns (Crosby), with whom he lived until her death in 1863 (Carver 2003:19). Later, Engels lived with her sister Lizzie, marrying her the day before she died in 1877 (Carver 2003:42). These wome...
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Classical Marxism-Friedrich Engels-Engels actively participated in the Revolution of 1848, taking part in the uprising at Elberfeld. Engels fought in the Baden campaign against the Prussians (June/July 1849) as the aide-de-camp of August Willich, who commanded a Free Corps in the Baden-Palatinate uprising.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Friedrich Engels-Marx and Engels Marx and Engels first met in person in September 1844. They discovered that they had similar views on philosophy and on capitalism and decided to work together, producing a number of works including Die heilige Familie (The Holy Family). After the French authorities de...
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Classical Marxism-Friedrich Engels-In 1847, Engels and Marx began writing a pamphlet together, based on Engels' The Principles of Communism. They completed the 12,000-word pamphlet in six weeks, writing it in such a manner as to make communism understandable to a wide audience and published it as The Communist Manifest...
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Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Marx's main ideas included: Alienation: Marx refers to the alienation of people from aspects of their "human nature" (Gattungswesen, usually translated as "species-essence" or "species-being"). He believed that alienation is a systematic result of capitalism. Under capitalism, the fruits of...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Base and superstructure: Marx and Engels use the “base-structure” concept to explain the idea that the totality of relations among people with regard to “the social production of their existence” forms the economic basis, on which arises a superstructure of political and legal institutions....
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Class consciousness: class consciousness refers to the awareness, both of itself and of the social world around it, that a social class possesses and its capacity to act in its own rational interests based on this awareness. Thus class consciousness must be attained before the class may mou...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Exploitation: Marx refers to the exploitation of an entire segment or class of society by another. He sees it as being an inherent feature and key element of capitalism and free markets. The profit gained by the capitalist is the difference between the value of the product made by the worke...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Historical materialism: historical materialism was first articulated by Marx, although he himself never used the term. It looks for the causes of developments and changes in human societies in the way in which humans collectively make the means to life, thus giving an emphasis through econo...
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Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Means of production: the means of production are a combination of the means of labor and the subject of labor used by workers to make products. The means of labor include machines, tools, equipment, infrastructure and "all those things with the aid of which man acts upon the subject of labo...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Ideology: without offering a general definition for "ideology", Marx on several instances has used the term to designate the production of images of social reality. According to Engels, “ideology is a process accomplished by the so-called thinker consciously, it is true, but with a false co...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Mode of production: the mode of production is a specific combination of productive forces (including human the means of production and labour power, tools, equipment, buildings and technologies, materials and improved land) and social and technical relations of production (including the pro...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Political economy: the term "political economy" originally meant the study of the conditions under which production was organized in the nation-states of the new-born capitalist system. Political economy then studies the mechanism of human activity in organizing material and the mechanism o...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Marx's concept of class Marx believed that class identity was configured in the relations with the mode of production. In other words, a class is a collective of individuals who have a similar relationship with the means of production (as opposed to the more common idea that class is determ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Marx describes several social classes in capitalist societies, including primarily: The proletariat: "those individuals who sell their labor power, (and therefore add value to the products), and who, in the capitalist mode of production, do not own the means of production". According to Mar...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-The bourgeoisie: those who "own the means of production" and buy labor power from the proletariat, who are recompensed by a salary, thus exploiting the proletariat.The bourgeoisie may be further subdivided into the very wealthy bourgeoisie and the petty bourgeoisie. The petty bourgeoisie ar...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Marx also describes the communists as separate from the oppressed proletariat. The communists were to be a unifying party among the proletariat; they were educated revolutionaries who could bring the proletariat to revolution and help them establish the democratic dictatorship of the prolet...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Marx's theory of history The Marxist theory of historical materialism understands society as fundamentally determined by the material conditions at any given time—this means the relationships which people enter into with one another in order to fulfill their basic needs, for instance to fee...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Classical Marxism-Main ideas-Primitive communism Asiatic Ancient slave society Feudalism Modern bourgeois society
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
PLEKHB2-PLEKHB2-Pleckstrin homology domain-containing family B member 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLEKHB2 gene.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-National Digital Library Program-The Library of Congress National Digital Library Program (NDLP) is assembling a digital library of reproductions of primary source materials to support the study of the history and culture of the United States. Begun in 1995 after a five-year pilot proje...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-National Digital Library Program-The reproductions were produced with a variety of tools: image scanners, digital cameras, devices that digitize audio and video, and human labor for rekeying and encoding texts. American Memory employs national-standard and well established industry-stan...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Vision-The Library of Congress is trying to extend its brick and mortar library services to include services to the entire web. While the original Library was focused on the needs of the US Congress, it now struggles with dealing with the whole world through the Internet. The collection...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Vision-If you search "digital library project" + "library of congress" on the web, you will get a cluttered view of what the Library of Congress is providing. The Library of Congress Global Gateway at site:international.loc.gov has about 200,000 documents currently. The main page provid...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Vision-An Internet Library is more than a haphazard collection of materials on an internet server. It serves an entire world, not just those who can afford subscription feeds, or who receive grants through US government agencies. Likewise it does not discriminate against very young user...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Vision-Because materials are available to anyone – of any age or background, in any country – an Internet Library needs to be more open and inclusive. LoC is just beginning to serve the needs of the world's internet users.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Vision-Topics Mentioned: America – Industry, Technology, Cities, Towns, Culture, Literature, Performing Arts, Music, Folklife, Architecture, Landscape, Environment, Sports, Recreation, America – Government, Military, Law, Religion, Advertising, Conservation, America – Presidents, Women'...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Digital library users-In 1989, to help launch the American Memory pilot project, a consultant surveyed 101 members of the Association of Research Libraries and the 51 state library agencies. The survey disclosed a genuine appetite for on-line collections, especially in research librarie...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Digital library users-The most thorough audience appraisal carried out by the Library of Congress consisted of an end-user evaluation conducted in 1992–1993. Forty-four school, college and university, and state and public libraries were provided with a dozen American Memory collections ...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Digital library users-The evaluation team learned that recent reforms in education had created a need for primary-source historical materials such as those in the Library's incomparable collections. Teachers welcomed digitized collections to aid in the development of critical thinking s...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
National Digital Library Program-Educational outreach-In 1995, in conjunction with the launch of the Library of Congress National Digital Library Program, the Library brought together leading history and social studies K-12 teachers and librarians to consider how archival on-line resources could best be used in the nat...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Beier–Neely morphing algorithm-Beier–Neely morphing algorithm-Image morphing is a technique to synthesize a fluid transformation from one image (source image) to another (destination image). Source image can be one or more than one images. There are two parts in the image morphing implementation. The first part is warp...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FrontBase-FrontBase-FrontBase is a relational database management system written in ANSI C. FrontBase uses the Unicode character encoding.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FrontBase-International standards-FrontBase complies with SQL 92 (fully compliant), Unicode (Unicode 2.0) and TCP/IP (uses sockets).
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FrontBase-Available platforms-FrontBase is available on the following platforms: Macintosh - Mac OS X, Mac OS X Server 10.x and Mac OS X Server 1.2 Linux - RedHat, SuSE(Intel and Power PC), YellowDog Linux and Mandrake Linux Unix - FreeBSB, Solaris and HP-UX Windows - Windows NT and Windows 2000.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FrontBase-Drivers and adaptors-Drivers and adaptors include Apple WebObjects, PHP3, PHP4, Perl, ODBC, JDBC, Omnis Studio, REALBasic, Tcl, EOF, FBAccess and FBCAccess.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
FrontBase-Data types-Data types supported include INTEGER, DECIMAL, TIMESTAMP, BLOB and VARCHAR.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Samurai sauce-Samurai sauce-Samurai sauce (French: Sauce samouraï) is a Belgian condiment prepared from mayonnaise, ketchup, and harissa or sambal oelek commonly served with French fries. The sauce is also popular and widely used throughout France, and is not to be confused with the also popular Algerian sauce. There i...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Pulse Impact Investing Management Software-Pulse Impact Investing Management Software-Pulse Impact Investing Management Software was a software platform that was available free to non-profit companies and designed to help organizations better demonstrate impact.Pulse was designed to track financial, operational, social...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Pulse Impact Investing Management Software-History-Pulse was developed by Acumen Fund, who, in 2006, recognized the need to standardize the metrics that social investors track to benchmark and better understand the impact of one social investor versus another. Acumen Fund recruited volunteer engineers from Google to bu...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons-The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons-The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons is a 1984 role-playing game supplement published by Palladium Books.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons-Contents-The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons is a collection of the world's most famous and favorite firearms from 1930 to the present, and is organized into Automatic Pistols, Sub-Machine Guns, Rifles, Shotguns, and Machine Guns.
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons-Reception-Jerry Epperson reviewed The Palladium Book of Contemporary Weapons in Space Gamer No. 70. Epperson commented that "If you have no interest in modern RPGs, obviously Contemporary Weapons will be of little interest to you. However, if you are looking to expand the fire...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Risley (circus act)-Risley (circus act)-A Risley or Risley act (also antipode or antipodism) is any circus acrobalance posture where the base is lying down on their back, supporting one or more flyers with their hands, feet and/or other parts of the body; spinning a person or object using only one's feet. The act is na...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Handloading-Handloading, or reloading, is the practice of making firearm cartridges by assembling the individual components (case, primer, propellant, and projectile), rather than purchasing mass-assembled, factory-loaded ammunition. (It should not be confused with the reloading of a firearm with cartridges...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Reasons for handloading-Economy, increased performance and accuracy, commercial ammunition shortages, and hobby interests are all common motives for handloading both cartridges and shotshells. Handloading ammunition waives the user off the labor costs of commercial production lines, reducing the expenditure...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Reasons for handloading-The opportunity to customize performance is another common goal for many handloaders. Hunters for instance, may desire cartridges with specialized bullets with specific terminal performance. Target shooters often experiment extensively with component combinations in an effort to achi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Reasons for handloading-Recurring shortages of commercial ammunition are also reasons to reload cartridges and shotshells. When commercial supplies dry up, and store-bought ammunition is not available at any price, having the ability to reload one's own cartridges and shotshells economically provides an abi...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Reasons for handloading-There are three aspects to ballistics: internal ballistics, external ballistics, and terminal ballistics. Internal ballistics refers to things that happen inside the firearm during and after firing, but before the bullet leaves the muzzle. The handloading process can realize increase...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-Inexpensive "tong" tools have been used for reloading since the mid-19th century. They resemble a large pair of pliers and can be caliber-specific or have interchangeable dies. However, in modern days, handloading equipments are sophisticated machine tools that emphasize on precision and reliabili...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-Presses The quintessential handloading equipment is the press, which uses compound leverage to push the cases into a die that performs the loading operations. Presses vary from simple, inexpensive single-stage models, to complex "progressive" models that operate with each pull of the lever like an...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-Shotshell presses Shotshell presses are generally a single unit of the "H" configuration that handles all functions, dedicated to reloading just one gauge of shotshell. Shotshell reloading is similar to cartridge reloading, except that, instead of a bullet, a wad and a measure of shot are used, an...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-Rifle and pistol loading presses are usually not dedicated to reloading a single caliber of cartridge, although they can be, but are configured for reloading various cartridge calibers as needed. In contrast, shotshell presses are most often configured for reloading just one gauge of shotshell, e....
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-With the recent rampant rise in lead shot prices, though, a major change in handloading shotshells has also occurred. Namely, a transition among high volume 12 gauge shooters from loading traditional 1-1/8 oz. shot loads to 7/8 oz. shot loads or even 24 gm. (so-called International) shot loads hav...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM
Handloading-Equipment-With the recent shortages over 2012–2013 of 12 gauge shotshells in the United States (among all other types of rifle and pistol ammunition), the popularity of reloading 12 gauge shotshells has seen a widespread resurgence. Field use of the International 24 gm. 12 gauge shells has proven them to be...
milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM