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Information Systems International Conference-Information Systems International Conference-Information Systems International Conference (ISICO) is an AISINDO AIS Indonesia Chapter affiliated international conference administered by the Department of Information Systems, Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia.
IS... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-Information Systems International Conference-ISICO complements existing IS Conferences such as PACIS, AMCIS, ICIS, or ECIS. ISICO 2013 was held in Bali and invited Doug Vogel (Association for Information Systems (AIS) immediate past president) from City University of Hong Ko... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-Information Systems International Conference-In 2015, ISICO collaborated with Procedia Computer Science from Elsevier to publish ISICO full papers into the journal. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-HIstory-2011 ISICO 2011 was the first international conference to be managed by Information System Department Faculty of Information Technology Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember (ITS). The theme was "Information System for Sustainable Economics Development". ISICO 2011 pro... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-HIstory-2013 The second conference was held December 2–4, in Bali. Topics included management, economic, and business; education and curriculum; software engineering and design; artificial intelligence and enterprise systems; information, network and computer security. Keyno... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-HIstory-2015 ISICO collaborated with Procedia Computer Science (PCS) from Elsevier to publish all ISICO papers. PCS focuses on publishing high quality conference proceedings. It enables fast dissemination so conference delegates can publish their papers in a dedicated online... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Information Systems International Conference-HIstory-2017 ISICO again collaborated with PCS. It was held in Bali on 6–8 November 2017. The theme was “Innovation of Information Systems – visions, opportunities and challenges“. Keynoters were Matti Rossi, President of The Association for Information Systems 2017/2018; Ca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-A Course in Miracles-A Course in Miracles (also referred to as ACIM or the Course) is a 1976 book by Helen Schucman. The underlying premise is that the greatest "miracle" is the act of simply gaining a full "awareness of love's presence" in a person's life. Schucman said that the book had been dict... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Origins-A Course in Miracles was written as a collaborative venture between Schucman and William ("Bill") Thetford. In 1958, Schucman began her professional career at Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City as Thetford's research associate. In 1965, at a time when their weekly office ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Origins-For copyright purposes, US courts determined that the author of the text was Schucman, not Jesus. Kenneth Wapnick believed that Schucman did not channel Jesus, but was describing her "own mental experience of divine 'love'". | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Reception-Since it went on sale in 1976, the text has been translated into 27 languages. The book is distributed globally, spawning a range of organized groups.Wapnick said that "if the Bible were considered literally true, then (from a Biblical literalist's viewpoint) the Course would have to be v... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Reception-Joseph declared: Consequently, new manuscript discoveries, lost gospels, and new “scriptural” revelations represent an effective way of subverting the traditional picture of early Christian origins and destabilizing traditional Christian authority by redefining the cultural boundaries of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Reception-The Skeptic's Dictionary describes ACIM as "a minor industry" that is overly commercialized and characterizes it as "Christianity improved". Robert T. Carroll wrote that the teachings are not original but are culled from "various sources, east, and west". He adds that it has gained increa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
A Course in Miracles-Associated works-Two works have been described as extensions of A Course in Miracles, Gary Renard's 2003 The Disappearance of the Universe and Marianne Williamson's A Return to Love published in 1992. The Disappearance of the Universe, published in 2003 by Fearless Books, was republished by Hay Hou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-ThinCan-ThinCan is the name for a thin client manufactured by Estonian electronic design start-up Artec Group. The ThinCan remained relatively unknown outside Estonia until 2006, when a recent ThinCan iteration was selected as the hardware base for the Linutop, a network appliance that greatly stimulated the ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Hardware-Functionally, all ThinCan production models offer similar features: Front panel: 1/8" stereo audio, USB ports. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Hardware-Back panel: Ethernet port, VGA output, PSU connector.Aesthetically, the original ThinCan was an exercise in futuristic looks, with brushed aluminum end caps and a tubular aluminum shape that featured alternating patterns of decorative serrations along the surface of the tube. The tube came painted in o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Hardware-After an early prototype based on a custom x86 core, supporting PS/2 keyboard and mouse, the platform was redesigned around an NSC Geode SC2200 supporting only USB peripherals. An optional on-board SmartCard reader attached to an internally mounted USB port made the original ThinCan an instant hit on t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Hardware-Still, while the futuristic design received some attention in the IT press, the prohibitive cost of machining an extruded aluminum tube with intricate decorative serrations prevented the manufacturer from achieving commercial success with this early model.
In 2003, the company revised the design toward... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Software-Firmware SC2200-based models boot using a proprietary loader called Clara that was developed by Artec. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Software-All LX700-based models can natively boot using Coreboot. This started as a Geode GX port developed by AMD for the OLPC prototype, to which Artec added Geode LX support. That code was later adopted and further polished by AMD, after the OLPC switched to the LX700 for its production models. This Coreboot... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Software-Meanwhile, both Artec's PXE-boot and Linutop's USB-boot DBE61 models, plus all DBE62 and DBE63 models, use a General Software BIOS.
Operating system The original ThinCan ran on Windows CE and launched into an RDP client for Windows Terminal Services.
DBE60 models come with either the same RDP client as... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Software-DBE61 models come with either a BIOS with PXE support optimized for LTSP or with a BIOS for USB booting Linutop's own Linux distribution. Meanwhile, SmartLink preloads their DBE61 models with their own versatile firmware called R-BOX that can be user-configured to launch into either an RDP client or in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Software-DBE62 models have a BIOS that first attempts booting from USB and, if no bootable USB media is found, then attempts PXE booting – essentially combining the boot options of Artec's and Linutop's models into a single configuration.
DBE63 models run on Embedded Windows XP and launch into a Web kiosk. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
ThinCan-Timeline-1999 – prototype based on a custom x86 core.
2001 – round model with NSC Geode SC2200.
2003 – DBE60 model with NSC Geode SC2200.
2005 – DBE61 model with AMD Geode LX700 and CS5536.
2007 – DBE62 model with AMD Geode LX700 and CS5536, plus Gigabit Ethernet.
2009 – DBE63 model with AMD Geode LX700 and CS5... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
NFKBIE-NFKBIE-Nuclear factor of kappa light polypeptide gene enhancer in B-cells inhibitor, epsilon, also known as NFKBIE, is a protein which in humans is encoded by the NFKBIE gene. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
NFKBIE-Function-NFKBIE protein expression is up-regulated following NF-κB activation and during myelopoiesis. NFKBIE is able to inhibit NF-κB-directed transactivation via cytoplasmic retention of REL proteins.NFKB1 or NFKB2 is bound to REL, RELA, or RELB to form the NF-κB transcription factor complex. The NF-κB complex... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
NFKBIE-Interactions-NFKBIE has been shown to interact with NFKB2, RELA, NFKB1 and REL. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Estradiol valerate/megestrol acetate-Estradiol valerate/megestrol acetate-Estradiol valerate/megestrol acetate (EV/MGA) is a combined injectable contraceptive which was developed in China in the 1980s but was never marketed. It is an aqueous suspension of microcapsules (50–80 μm in diameter) containing 5 mg estradiol v... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Pell's equation-Pell's equation, also called the Pell–Fermat equation, is any Diophantine equation of the form x2−ny2=1, where n is a given positive nonsquare integer, and integer solutions are sought for x and y. In Cartesian coordinates, the equation is represented by a hyperbola; solutions occur whe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Pell's equation-This equation was first studied extensively in India starting with Brahmagupta, who found an integer solution to 92 x2+1=y2 in his Brāhmasphuṭasiddhānta circa 628. Bhaskara II in the 12th century and Narayana Pandit in the 14th century both found general solutions to Pell's equation and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-As early as 400 BC in India and Greece, mathematicians studied the numbers arising from the n = 2 case of Pell's equation, x2−2y2=1, and from the closely related equation x2−2y2=−1 because of the connection of these equations to the square root of 2. Indeed, if x and y are positive integers sati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-Likewise, Archimedes's cattle problem — an ancient word problem about finding the number of cattle belonging to the sun god Helios — can be solved by reformulating it as a Pell's equation. The manuscript containing the problem states that it was devised by Archimedes and recorded in a letter to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-This equation is different in form from Pell's equation but equivalent to it. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-Diophantus solved the equation for (a, c) equal to (1, 1), (1, −1), (1, 12), and (3, 9). Al-Karaji, a 10th-century Persian mathematician, worked on similar problems to Diophantus.In Indian mathematics, Brahmagupta discovered that (x12−Ny12)(x22−Ny22)=(x1x2+Ny1y2)2−N(x1y2+x2y1)2, a form of what i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-Not only did this give a way to generate infinitely many solutions to x2−Ny2=1 starting with one solution, but also, by dividing such a composition by k1k2 , integer or "nearly integer" solutions could often be obtained. For instance, for 92 , Brahmagupta composed the triple (10, 1, 8) (since... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-History-When m is chosen so that a+bmk is an integer, so are the other two numbers in the triple. Among such m , the method chooses one that minimizes m2−Nk and repeats the process. This method always terminates with a solution. Bhaskara used it to give the solution x = 1766319049, y = 226153980 to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Solutions-Fundamental solution via continued fractions Let hi/ki denote the sequence of convergents to the regular continued fraction for n . This sequence is unique. Then the pair (x1,y1) solving Pell's equation and minimizing x satisfies x1 = hi and y1 = ki for some i. This pair is called the funda... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Solutions-Additional solutions from the fundamental solution Once the fundamental solution is found, all remaining solutions may be calculated algebraically from xk+ykn=(x1+y1n)k, expanding the right side, equating coefficients of n on both sides, and equating the other terms on both sides. This yields... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Solutions-For instance, Archimedes' cattle problem is equivalent to the Pell equation 410 286 423 278 424 y2=1 , the fundamental solution of which has 206545 digits if written out explicitly. However, the solution is also equal to 2329 , where 729 494 300 426 607 914 281 713 365 609 84 129 507 677 858 ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Solutions-Quantum algorithms Hallgren showed that a quantum computer can find a product representation, as described above, for the solution to Pell's equation in polynomial time. Hallgren's algorithm, which can be interpreted as an algorithm for finding the group of units of a real quadratic number fie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Example-As an example, consider the instance of Pell's equation for n = 7; that is, 1. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Example-The sequence of convergents for the square root of seven are Therefore, the fundamental solution is formed by the pair (8, 3). Applying the recurrence formula to this solution generates the infinite sequence of solutions (1, 0); (8, 3); (127, 48); (2024, 765); (32257, 12192); (514088, 194307); (... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-List of fundamental solutions of Pell's equations-The following is a list of the fundamental solution to x2−ny2=1 with n ≤ 128. When n is an integer square, there is no solution except for the trivial solution (1, 0). The values of x are sequence A002350 and those of y are sequence A002349 in OEIS. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Connections-Pell's equation has connections to several other important subjects in mathematics. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Connections-Algebraic number theory Pell's equation is closely related to the theory of algebraic numbers, as the formula x2−ny2=(x+yn)(x−yn) is the norm for the ring Z[n] and for the closely related quadratic field Q(n) . Thus, a pair of integers (x,y) solves Pell's equation if and only if x+yn is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Connections-Chebyshev polynomials Demeyer mentions a connection between Pell's equation and the Chebyshev polynomials: If Ti(x) and Ui(x) are the Chebyshev polynomials of the first and second kind respectively, then these polynomials satisfy a form of Pell's equation in any polynomial ring R[x] , wit... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Connections-It may further be observed that if (xi,yi) are the solutions to any integer Pell's equation, then xi=Ti(x1) and yi=y1Ui−1(x1) Continued fractions A general development of solutions of Pell's equation x2−ny2=1 in terms of continued fractions of n can be presented, as the solutions x and ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Connections-Smooth numbers Størmer's theorem applies Pell equations to find pairs of consecutive smooth numbers, positive integers whose prime factors are all smaller than a given value. As part of this theory, Størmer also investigated divisibility relations among solutions to Pell's equation; in parti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-The negative Pell's equation-The negative Pell's equation is given by x2−ny2=−1 and has also been extensively studied. It can be solved by the same method of continued fractions and has solutions if and only if the period of the continued fraction has odd length. However, it is not known which roots hav... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-The negative Pell's equation-As stated above, if the negative Pell's equation is solvable, a solution can be found using the method of continued fractions as in the positive Pell's equation. The recursion relation works slightly differently however. Since (x+ny)(x−ny)=−1 , the next solution is determin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Generalized Pell's equation-The equation x2−dy2=N is called the generalized (or general) Pell's equation. The equation u2−dv2=1 is the corresponding Pell's resolvent. A recursive algorithm was given by Lagrange in 1768 for solving the equation, reducing the problem to the case |N|<d . Such solutions c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pell's equation-Generalized Pell's equation-If (x0,y0) is a solution to x2−dy2=N, and (un,vn) is a solution to u2−dv2=1, then (xn,yn) such that xn+ynd=(x0+y0d)(un+vnd) is a solution to x2−dy2=N , a principle named the multiplicative principle. The solution (xn,yn) is called a Pell multiple of the solution (x0,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Jasmonate-Jasmonate (JA) and its derivatives are lipid-based plant hormones that regulate a wide range of processes in plants, ranging from growth and photosynthesis to reproductive development. In particular, JAs are critical for plant defense against herbivory and plant responses to poor environmental condi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-History-The isolation of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) from jasmine oil derived from Jasminum grandiflorum led to the discovery of the molecular structure of jasmonates and their name in 1962 while jasmonic acid itself was isolated from Lasiodiplodia theobromae by Alderidge et al in 1971. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Biosynthesis-Biosynthesis is reviewed by Acosta and Farmer 2010, Wasternack and Hause 2013, and Wasternack and Song 2017. Jasmonates (JA) are oxylipins, i.e. derivatives of oxygenated fatty acid. They are biosynthesized from linolenic acid in chloroplast membranes. Synthesis is initiated with the conversion o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-Although jasmonate (JA) regulates many different processes in the plant, its role in wound response is best understood. Following mechanical wounding or herbivory, JA biosynthesis is rapidly activated, leading to expression of the appropriate response genes. For example, in the tomato, wounding produ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-JAs have also been implicated in cell death and leaf senescence. JA can interact with many kinases and transcription factors associated with senescence. JA can also induce mitochondrial death by inducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROSs). These compounds disrupt mitochondria membrane... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-By studying mutants overexpressing JA, one of the earliest discoveries made was that JA inhibits root growth. The mechanism behind this event is still not understood, but mutants in the COI1-dependent signaling pathway tend to show reduced inhibition, demonstrating that the COI1 pathway is somehow ne... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-JAs also play a role in symbiosis between plants and microorganisms; however, its precise role is still unclear. JA currently appears to regulate signal exchange and nodulation regulation between legumes and rhizobium. On the other hand, elevated JA levels appear to regulate carbohydrate partitioning... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-Role in pathogenesis Pseudomonas syringae causes bacterial speck disease in tomatoes by hijacking the plant's jasmonate (JA) signaling pathway. This bacteria utilizes a type III secretion system to inject a cocktail of viral effector proteins into host cells. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-One of the molecules included in this mixture is the phytotoxin coronatine (COR). JA-insensitive plants are highly resistant to P. syringae and unresponsive to COR; additionally, applying MeJA was sufficient to rescue virulence in COR mutant bacteria. Infected plants also expressed downstream JA and ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-Cross talk with other defense pathways While the jasmonate (JA) pathway is critical for wound response, it is not the only signaling pathway mediating defense in plants. To build an optimal yet efficient defense, the different defense pathways must be capable of cross talk to fine-tune and specify re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Function-Wound and pathogen response appear to be interact negatively. For example, silencing phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), an enzyme synthesizing precursors to SA, reduces SAR but enhances herbivory resistance against insects. Similarly, overexpression of PAL enhances SAR but reduces wound response afte... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jasmonate-Mechanism of signaling-In general, the steps in jasmonate (JA) signaling mirror that of auxin signaling: the first step comprises E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes, which tag substrates with ubiquitin to mark them for degradation by proteasomes. The second step utilizes transcription factors to effect physiologic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metabelian group-Metabelian group-In mathematics, a metabelian group is a group whose commutator subgroup is abelian. Equivalently, a group G is metabelian if and only if there is an abelian normal subgroup A such that the quotient group G/A is abelian.
Subgroups of metabelian groups are metabelian, as are images of me... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metabelian group-Examples-Any dihedral group is metabelian, as it has a cyclic normal subgroup of index 2. More generally, any generalized dihedral group is metabelian, as it has an abelian normal subgroup of index 2. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metabelian group-Examples-If F is a field, the group of affine maps x↦ax+b (where a ≠ 0) acting on F is metabelian. Here the abelian normal subgroup is the group of pure translations x↦x+b , and the abelian quotient group is isomorphic to the group of homotheties x↦ax . If F is a finite field with q elements, this m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Metabelian group-Examples-The group of direct isometries of the Euclidean plane is metabelian. This is similar to the above example, as the elements are again affine maps. The translations of the plane form an abelian normal subgroup of the group, and the corresponding quotient is the circle group.
The finite Heisenber... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Technofeminism-Technofeminism explores the role gender plays in technology. It is often examined in conjunction with intersectionality, a term coined by Kimberlé Crenshaw which analyzes the relationships among various identities, such as race, socioeconomic status, sexuality, gender, and more. However, m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Judy Wajcman-TechnoFeminism Book Overview TechnoFeminism is a book by academic sociologist Judy Wajcman which reframes the relationship between gender and technologies, and presents a feminist reading of the woman-machine relationship. It is considered a key contributor to the rise of feminist technoscie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Judy Wajcman-Reception According to a review in the American Journal of Sociology, Wajcman convincingly argues that "analyses of everything from transit systems to pap smears must include a technofeminist awareness of men's and women's often different positions as designers, manufacturing operatives, sal... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Angela Haas-Scholarship Angela Haas focuses on technofeminism as a predecessor of "digital cultural rhetorics research", the focus of her scholarship. The interactions between these two fields have led scholars to analyze the intersectional nature of technology, and how this intersectionality results in ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-De Hertogh et al.-Scholarship Lori Beth De Hertogh, Liz Lane, and Jessica Ouellette expanded upon previous scholars' work, placing it within the specific context of the "Computers and Composition" journal. In their work, the scholars analyzed frequencies of the term "technofeminism/t" and associated word... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Kerri Elise Hauman-Scholarship Kerri Hauman explores technofeminist themes in her PhD dissertation, specifically discussing how feminism exists in digital spaces. Using the example of "Feministing", a blog serving those invested in "feminist activism", Hauman applies various rhetorical frameworks (such a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Technofeminism-Melanie Kill-Pedagogy Melanie Kill, assistant professor of English at the University of Maryland, College Park, regularly teaches classes at the intersection of technology and identities. One course, entitled "Digital Rhetoric: Technofeminism", uses a variety of projects and class activities to analyze t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Secure file transfer program-Secure file transfer program-sftp is a command-line interface client program to transfer files using the SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP), which runs inside the encrypted Secure Shell connection.
It provides an interactive interface similar to that of traditional command-line FTP clients.
... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Guetzli-Guetzli-Guetzli is a freely licensed JPEG encoder that Jyrki Alakujala, Robert Obryk, and Zoltán Szabadka have developed in Google's Zürich research branch. The encoder seeks to produce significantly smaller files than prior encoders at equivalent quality, albeit at very low speed. It is named after the Swiss G... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Guetzli-Operation-Guetzli optimizes the quantization step of encoding to achieve compression efficiency. It constructs custom quantization tables for each file, decides on color subsampling, and quantizes adjacent DCT coefficients to zero, balancing benefits in the run-length encoding of coefficients and preservation o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Guetzli-Operation-Butteraugli Butteraugli is a project that estimates the psychovisual similarity of two images. It assigns a differential mean opinion score (DMOS) value to the difference between an original image and a degraded version. It is significantly more complex than traditional metrics like PSNR and SSIM, but... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Guetzli-Availability-Guetzli is a command-line app. Written in C++, it is free and open-source under the terms of Apache License 2.0. Windows, macOS, and Linux versions of Guetzli are directly available from Google's repository on GitHub. The first public version was released on October 21, 2016, without any speed opti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Vessel flute-A vessel flute is a type of flute with a body which acts as a Helmholtz resonator. The body is vessel-shaped, not tube- or cone-shaped; that is, the far end is closed.
Most flutes have cylindrical or conical bore (examples: concert flute, shawm). Vessel flutes have more spherical hollow bodies... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Vessel flute-The air in the body of a vessel flute resonates as one, with air moving alternately in and out of the vessel, and the pressure inside the vessel increasing and decreasing. This is unlike the resonance of a tube or cone of air, where air moves back and forth along the tube, with pressure increa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Vessel flute-Blowing across the opening of empty bottle produces a basic edge-blown vessel flute. Multi-note vessel flutes include the ocarina.A Helmholtz resonator is unusually selective in amplifying only one frequency. Most resonators also amplify more overtones. As a result, vessel flutes have a distin... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Types-Fipple vessel flutes These flutes have a fipple to direct the air at an edge.
Gemshorn Pifana Ocarina Molinukai Tonette NiwawuA referee's whistle is technically a fipple vessel flute, although it only plays one note.
Edge-blown vessel flutes These flutes are edge-blown. They have no fipple and rely o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Types-Xun Hun Borrindo Hand flute Kōauau ponga ihu (a Māori gourd vessel flute played with the nose) Ipu ho kio kio (a similar instrument from Hawai'i) Blown bottle Other The shepherd's whistle is an unusual vessel flute; the fipple consists of two consecutive holes, and the player's mouth acts as a tunabl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Sound production Sound is generated by oscillations in an airstream passing an edge, just as in other flutes. The airstream alternates quickly between the inner and outer side of the edge.
The opening at which this occurs is called the voicing.Some vessel flutes have a fipple to direct the air on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-The pitch of a vessel flute is affected by how hard the player blows. Breath force can change the pitch by several semitones, though too much or too little air will also harm the tone, so the usable range of tones is much smaller. The optimal breath force depends on which pitch is being sounded (... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Vessel flutes generally have no tuning mechanism, partly because they rely on variations in breath pressure and partly because the volume of the chamber and the size of the voicing need to be matched to produce a good tone. A few have plungers that change the chamber volume.Fingering holes and fi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Amplification At first the sound is a broad-spectrum "noise" (i.e. "chiff"), but those frequencies that match the resonant frequency of the resonating chamber are selectively amplified. The resonant frequency is the pitch of the note that is heard. Vessel flutes use the air in a vessel for amplif... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Pitch and fingering The resonant frequency of a vessel flute is given by this formula: (heavily simplified, see simplifications) pitchofthenote=(aconstant)×totalsurfaceareaofopenholestotalvolumeenclosedbytheinstrument From this, one can see that smaller instruments are higher-pitched. It also mea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-A vessel flute with two fingering holes of the same size can sound three notes (both closed, one open, both open). An vessel flute with two fingering holes of different sizes can sound four notes (both closed, only the smaller hole open, only the bigger hole open, both open). The number of notes ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-In practice, the pitch of a vessel flute is also affected by how hard the player blows. If more holes are open, it is necessary to blow harder, which raises the pitch. The high notes tend to go sharp; the low notes, flat. To compensate, fingering charts soon diverge from the plain binary progress... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Overtones The resonator in the ocarina can create overtones, but because of the common "egg" shape, these overtones are many octaves above the keynote scale. In similar instruments with a narrow cone shape, like the Gemshorn or Tonette, some partial overtones are available. Overblowing to get a r... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Multiple resonant chambers Some ocarinas are double- or triple-chambered, often with the chambers tuned an octave or a tenth apart. This allows the player to play chords, but it also allows an increased range.A chamber with a smaller range can be more tuned to better characteristics throughout it... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Physics simplifications A less-simplified formula for the resonant frequency of a Helmholtz resonator is: f=v2πAV Where f is the resonant frequency, v is the speed of sound, A is the total area of openings in the vessel, and V is the volume of air enclosed in the vessel.
The pitch of a Helmholtz ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-The speed of sound in air varies with temperature, meaning that a vessel flute's pitch will change in hot or cold air. However, varying the playing airspeed can change the pitch by several semitones. Unfortunately, most of this range is not usable, only about third of a semitone / 30 cents (for m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vessel flute-Acoustics-Humidity has a comparatively small effect on the speed of sound. Going from zero to 100% relative humidity should change the frequency by less than a two-degree-Celsius change in room temperature. As the player's breath has ~100% relative humidity, the humidity can't vary that much anyway. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Genome informatics-Genome informatics-Genome Informatics (also genoinformatics or genetic information processing) is a scientific study of information processing in genomes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Genome informatics-Introduction-Information processing and information flow occur in the course of an organism's development and throughout its lifespan. The essence of computation is information processing, and the essence of biological information processing is control of the molecular events inside a cell. Genome in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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