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Maximum satisfiability problem-Hardness-The MAX-SAT problem is OptP-complete, and thus NP-hard, since its solution easily leads to the solution of the boolean satisfiability problem, which is NP-complete.
It is also difficult to find an approximate solution of the problem, that satisfies a number of clauses within a gu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Weighted MAX-SAT-More generally, one can define a weighted version of MAX-SAT as follows: given a conjunctive normal form formula with non-negative weights assigned to each clause, find truth values for its variables that maximize the combined weight of the satisfied clauses. The MAX-SAT ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Weighted MAX-SAT-(1-1/e)-approximation MAX-SAT can also be expressed using an integer linear program (ILP). Fix a conjunctive normal form formula F with variables x1, x2, ..., xn, and let C denote the clauses of F. For each clause c in C, let S+c and S−c denote the sets of variables which... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Weighted MAX-SAT-3/4-approximation The 1/2-approximation algorithm does better when clauses are large whereas the (1-1/e)-approximation does better when clauses are small. They can be combined as follows: Run the (derandomized) 1/2-approximation algorithm to get a truth assignment X.
Run ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Solvers-Many exact solvers for MAX-SAT have been developed during recent years, and many of them were presented in the well-known conference on the boolean satisfiability problem and related problems, the SAT Conference. In 2006 the SAT Conference hosted the first MAX-SAT evaluation compa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Solvers-Because of its NP-hardness, large-size MAX-SAT instances cannot in general be solved exactly, and one must often resort to approximation algorithms and heuristicsThere are several solvers submitted to the last Max-SAT Evaluations: Branch and Bound based: Clone, MaxSatz (based on S... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Special cases-MAX-SAT is one of the optimization extensions of the boolean satisfiability problem, which is the problem of determining whether the variables of a given Boolean formula can be assigned in such a way as to make the formula evaluate to TRUE. If the clauses are restricted to h... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Related problems-There are many problems related to the satisfiability of conjunctive normal form Boolean formulas. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Related problems-Decision problems: 2SAT 3SAT Optimization problems, where the goal is to maximize the number of clauses satisfied: MAX-SAT, and the corresponded weighted version Weighted MAX-SAT MAX-kSAT, where each clause has exactly k variables: MAX-2SAT MAX-3SAT MAXEkSAT The partial m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maximum satisfiability problem-Related problems-The soft satisfiability problem (soft-SAT), given a set of SAT problems, asks for the maximum number of those problems which can be satisfied by any assignment.
The minimum satisfiability problem.
The MAX-SAT problem can be extended to the case where the variables of the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Amplification factor-Amplification factor-In general an amplification factor is the numerical multiplicative factor by which some quantity is increased.
In structural engineering the amplification factor is the ratio of second order to first order deflections.
In electronics the amplification factor, or gain, is the ra... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Non-photo blue-Non-photo blue-Non-photo blue (or non-repro blue) is a common tool in the graphic design and print industry, being a particular shade of blue that cannot be detected by graphic arts camera film. This allows layout editors to write notes to the printer on the print flat (the image that is to be photograph... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Non-photo blue-Change in function-More recently, with digital scanning and image manipulation, non-photo blue fulfills its function in a different way. The artist can do their sketch and inking in the traditional manner and scan the page. Most scanners will detect the light blue lines. However, shifting to greyscale an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Non-photo blue-Black ink-The difference between the non-photo blue and black ink is great enough that digital image manipulation can separate the two easily. If a black-and-white bitmap setting is scanned in, the exposure or threshold number can be set high enough to detect the black ink or dark images being scanned, b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Higher-order function-In mathematics and computer science, a higher-order function (HOF) is a function that does at least one of the following: takes one or more functions as arguments (i.e. a procedural parameter, which is a parameter of a procedure that is itself a procedure), returns a function... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Higher-order function-In the untyped lambda calculus, all functions are higher-order; in a typed lambda calculus, from which most functional programming languages are derived, higher-order functions that take one function as argument are values with types of the form (τ1→τ2)→τ3 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-General examples-map function, found in many functional programming languages, is one example of a higher-order function. It takes as arguments a function f and a collection of elements, and as the result, returns a new collection with f applied to each element from the collection.
Sorting functio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Direct support The examples are not intended to compare and contrast programming languages, but to serve as examples of higher-order function syntax In the following examples, the higher-order function twice takes a function, and applies the function to some value ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-APL Or in a tacit manner: C++ Using std::function in C++11: Or, with generic lambdas provided by C++14: C# Using just delegates: Or equivalently, with static methods: Clojure ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) Common Lisp D Dart Elixir In Elixir, you can mix module ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Erlang In this Erlang example, the higher-order function or_else/2 takes a list of functions (Fs) and argument (X). It evaluates the function F with the argument X as argument. If the function F returns false then the next function in Fs will be evaluated. If the f... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-F# Go Notice a function literal can be defined either with an identifier (twice) or anonymously (assigned to variable plusThree). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Haskell J Explicitly, or tacitly, Java (1.8+) Using just functional interfaces: Or equivalently, with static methods: JavaScript With arrow functions: Or with classical syntax: Julia Kotlin Lua MATLAB OCaml PHP or with all functions in variables: Note that arrow fu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Perl or with all functions in variables: Python Python decorator syntax is often used to replace a function with the result of passing that function through a higher-order function. E.g., the function g could be implemented equivalently: R Raku In Raku, all code ob... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Ruby Rust Scala Scheme Swift Tcl Tcl uses apply command to apply an anonymous function (since 8.6).
XACML The XACML standard defines higher-order functions in the standard to apply a function to multiple values of attribute bags.
The list of higher-order functions ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Dynamic code evaluation In other imperative programming languages, it is possible to achieve some of the same algorithmic results as are obtained via higher-order functions by dynamically executing code (sometimes called Eval or Execute operations) in the scope of ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-The argument is usually provided as a string, the value of which may not be known until run-time. This string must either be compiled during program execution (using just-in-time compilation) or evaluated by interpretation, causing some added overhead at run-time, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-Objects In object-oriented programming languages that do not support higher-order functions, objects can be an effective substitute. An object's methods act in essence like functions, and a method may accept objects as parameters and produce objects as return value... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Higher-order function-Support in programming languages-An example of using a simple stack based record in Free Pascal with a function that returns a function: The function a() takes a Txy record as input and returns the integer value of the sum of the record's x and y fields (3 + 7).
Defunctionalization Defunctionaliza... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Drawing room play-Drawing room play-A drawing room play is a type of play, developed during the Victorian period in the United Kingdom, in which the actions take place in a drawing room or which is designed to be reenacted in the drawing room of a home. The common practice of entertaining a guest in the home led to the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Drawing room play-Types-Beginning with the early forms of drama, the drawing room play has evolved to encompass comedy as well as to include the forms of the dramatic monologue. The play format itself has also grown out of the traditional drawing room performance and back into main street theatre and film. Drawing room... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Drawing room play-Examples-The Elder Statesman (1959) was the last of T. S. Eliot's drawing room works.
Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest is one of the most widely known examples of the drawing room play.
Several of the collected works of Noël Coward are also considered typical of the form.
Paul Rudnick's R... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Drawing room play-Sources-Nicholas Cooper, Houses of the Gentry 1480-1680 (English Heritage) 1999: "Parlours and withdrawing rooms 289-93. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lamination (geology)-Lamination (geology)-In geology, lamination (from Latin lāmina 'thin layer') is a small-scale sequence of fine layers (PL: laminae; SG: lamina) that occurs in sedimentary rocks. Laminae are normally smaller and less pronounced than bedding. Lamination is often regarded as planar structures one cent... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lamination (geology)-Description-Lamination consists of small differences in the type of sediment that occur throughout the rock. They are caused by cyclic changes in the supply of sediment. These changes can occur in grain size, clay percentage, microfossil content, organic material content or mineral content and ofte... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lamination (geology)-Description-Lamination can occur as parallel structures (parallel lamination) or in different sets that make an angle with each other (cross-lamination). It can occur in many different types of sedimentary rock, from coarse sandstone to fine shales, mudstones or in evaporites.
Because lamination is... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lamination (geology)-Origin-Lamination develops in fine grained sediment when fine grained particles settle, which can only happen in quiet water. Examples of sedimentary environments are deep marine (at the seafloor) or lacustrine (at the bottom of a lake), or mudflats, where the tide creates cyclic differences in sed... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lamination (geology)-Origin-Lamination in sandstone is often formed in a coastal environment, where wave energy causes a separation between grains of different sizes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia-European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia-The European College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia (ECVAA) is one of 25 veterinary specialist colleges recognized by the European Board of Veterinary Specialization, comprising more than 35 distinc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia-History-ECVA was inaugurated on 1 January 1995 and was formally registered in the Netherlands on May 22, 1997 as a non-profit organization. Application for de facto recognition was possible until 31 December 1997. During this period 44 de facto specialists were a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia-Membership-In order to become an EBVS European Specialist in Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia, veterinarians need to fulfil the following requirements: (1) have worked as a veterinarian in general practice for two years or have completed a rotating internship,... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
European College of Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia-Function-ECVAA and the Association of Veterinary Anesthetists, of which all Diplomates of ECVAA are members are the main scientific organizations consulted by EU and national authorities for their expert opinion on matters related to veterinary anesthesia and ana... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalkstick fracture-Chalkstick fracture-Chalkstick fractures are fractures, typically of long bones, in which the fracture is transverse to the long axis of the bone, like a broken stick of chalk. A healthy long bone typically breaks like a hard woody stick as the collagen in the matrix adds remarkable flexibility to t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Chalkstick fracture-Chalkstick fracture-Chalkstick fractures are particularly common in Paget's disease of bone, and osteopetrosis. It is also seen in cases of fused spine as in a patient with ankylosing spondylitis. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jewellery cleaning-Jewellery cleaning-Jewelry cleaning is the practice of removing dirt or tarnish from jewelry to improve its appearance. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jewellery cleaning-Methods and risks-Some kinds of jewelry can be cleaned at home while others are suggested to be done by a professional. Jewelry made from gold and sterling silver are examples of jewelry that can be cleaned at home, while platinum should not be due to how at-risk platinum is of scratching. Jewelry wi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jewellery cleaning-Ultrasonic jewellery cleaning-Ultrasonic cleaners are useful for jewelry cleaning and removing tarnish. They use ultrasound waves and chemicals combined to create bubbles that "cling" to the foreign particles such as dirt, oil, and unknown substances. The high frequency waves are sent out and pull th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jewellery cleaning-Cleanliness of gems-Colored dye or smudges can affect the perceived color of a gem. Historically, some jewelers' diamonds were mis-graded due to smudges on the girdle, or dye on the culet. Current practice is to thoroughly clean a gem before grading its color as well as clarity.How a gem can be safel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nucleoside-diphosphatase-Nucleoside-diphosphatase-In enzymology, a nucleoside-diphosphatase (EC 3.6.1.6) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction a nucleoside diphosphate + H2O ⇌ a nucleotide + phosphateThus, the two substrates of this enzyme are nucleoside diphosphate and H2O, whereas its two products are nu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nucleoside-diphosphatase-Nucleoside-diphosphatase-This enzyme belongs to the family of hydrolases, specifically those acting on acid anhydrides in phosphorus-containing anhydrides. The systematic name of this enzyme class is nucleoside-diphosphate phosphohydrolase. Other names in common use include thiamine pyrophospha... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nucleoside-diphosphatase-Structural studies-As of late 2007, two structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 2H2N and 2H2U. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panda Cloud Antivirus-Panda Cloud Antivirus-Panda Cloud Antivirus is an antivirus software developed by Panda Security, a free and a paid version are available. It is cloud-based in the sense that files are scanned on a remote server without using processing power of the user's machine. The cloud technology is based on... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panda Cloud Antivirus-Features-According to Panda Security, Panda Cloud Antivirus is able to detect viruses, trojans, worms, spyware, dialers, hacking tools, hacker and other security risks.Panda Cloud Antivirus relies on its "Collective Intelligence" and the cloud for up-to-date information. It normally uses an Intern... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panda Cloud Antivirus-Reviews-An April 2009 review found Panda Cloud Antivirus 1.0 to be clean, fast, simple, easy to use, and with good detection rates. The same review scored Panda 100.00% in malware detection and 100.0% in malicious URL detection. Its overall score was 100%, a strong protection factor considering it... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Panda Cloud Antivirus-License-The free edition of Panda Cloud Antivirus is released under a license. Its usage is exclusively allowed for private households, state schools, non-governmental and non-profit organizations. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Haloperidol decanoate-Haloperidol decanoate-Haloperidol decanoate, sold under the brand name Haldol Decanoate among others, is a typical antipsychotic which is used in the treatment of schizophrenia. It is administered by injection into muscle at a dose of 100 to 200 mg once every 4 weeks or monthly. The dorsogluteal s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Coloplast-Coloplast-Coloplast A/S is a Danish multinational company that develops, manufactures and markets medical devices and services related to ostomy, urology, continence, and wound care. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Coloplast-History-Coloplast was founded in 1957 by Aage Louis-Hansen. His son Niels Peter Louis-Hansen owns 20% of the company and is deputy chairman. It employs more than 12,000 people and operates around the world, with sales activities in 53 countries and production in Denmark, Hungary, France, China and the US. It ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Coloplast-History-The company had revenues of DKK 18.554 billion in 2020/2021. Europe constitutes the biggest market with 63% of sales, while 22% of sales are in North America and 15% in the rest of the world. Coloplast is listed on the Danish Stock Exchange, and has for a number of years been represented among the 20 ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Coloplast-Acquisitions-In 2010, the company acquired Mpathy Medical Devices.In November 2016, Coloplast acquired Comfort Medical for $160 million. Comfort Medical was a direct-to-consumer medical supplier based in Coral Springs, Florida. Prior to the acquisition from Coloplast, Comfort Medical had acquired Medical Dire... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Coloplast-Transvaginal surgical mesh lawsuits-In 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration ordered Coloplast and Boston Scientific to halt the sale and distribution of transvaginal surgical mesh implants for failure to prove their mesh products were safe and effective for the repair of pelvic organ prolapse. Coloplas... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gold heptafluoride-Gold heptafluoride-Gold heptafluoride is a gold(V) compound with the empirical formula AuF7. The synthesis of this compound was first reported in 1986. However, current calculations suggest that the structure of the synthesized molecule was actually a difluorine ligand on a gold pentafluoride core, A... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Associative browsing-Associative browsing-Associative browsing is the professional name for several methods of browsing the web. These methods are usually assisted by some sort of a discovery tool and are considered to be more intuitive.
The tools that serve the associative browsing are similarity/relevancy tools. They... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Associative browsing-Associative browsing-Associative browsing can be done without the discovery tools but due to the internet overload of information this can be done on a very thin surface line. For example, when you are looking at shoes on the Nike website you can type Puma.com and continue surfing associatively, bu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Associative browsing-Associative browsing-The difference between searching and associative browsing is in the "flow" of the events. While in associative browsing you are surfing from site to site following your associative chain, in search mode you are inquiring information which will help you develops an associative c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Orthonormality-In linear algebra, two vectors in an inner product space are orthonormal if they are orthogonal (or perpendicular along a line) unit vectors. A set of vectors form an orthonormal set if all vectors in the set are mutually orthogonal and all of unit length. An orthonormal set which forms a ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Intuitive overview-The construction of orthogonality of vectors is motivated by a desire to extend the intuitive notion of perpendicular vectors to higher-dimensional spaces. In the Cartesian plane, two vectors are said to be perpendicular if the angle between them is 90° (i.e. if they form a right angle... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Intuitive overview-Similarly, the construction of the norm of a vector is motivated by a desire to extend the intuitive notion of the length of a vector to higher-dimensional spaces. In Cartesian space, the norm of a vector is the square root of the vector dotted with itself. That is, ‖x‖=x⋅x Many import... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Intuitive overview-Simple example What does a pair of orthonormal vectors in 2-D Euclidean space look like? Let u = (x1, y1) and v = (x2, y2).
Consider the restrictions on x1, x2, y1, y2 required to make u and v form an orthonormal pair.
From the orthogonality restriction, u • v = 0.
From the unit length... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Definition-Let V be an inner-product space. A set of vectors {u1,u2,…,un,…}∈V is called orthonormal if and only if ∀i,j:⟨ui,uj⟩=δij where δij is the Kronecker delta and ⟨⋅,⋅⟩ is the inner product defined over V | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Significance-Orthonormal sets are not especially significant on their own. However, they display certain features that make them fundamental in exploring the notion of diagonalizability of certain operators on vector spaces.
Properties Orthonormal sets have certain very appealing properties, which make t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Significance-Existence Gram-Schmidt theorem. If {v1, v2,...,vn} is a linearly independent list of vectors in an inner-product space V , then there exists an orthonormal list {e1, e2,...,en} of vectors in V such that span(e1, e2,...,en) = span(v1, v2,...,vn).Proof of the Gram-Schmidt theorem is construc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Examples-Standard basis The standard basis for the coordinate space Fn is Any two vectors ei, ej where i≠j are orthogonal, and all vectors are clearly of unit length. So {e1, e2,...,en} forms an orthonormal basis.
Real-valued functions When referring to real-valued functions, usually the L² inner product... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Orthonormality-Sources-Axler, Sheldon (1997), Linear Algebra Done Right (2nd ed.), Berlin, New York: Springer-Verlag, p. 106–110, ISBN 978-0-387-98258-8 Chen, Wai-Kai (2009), Fundamentals of Circuits and Filters (3rd ed.), Boca Raton: CRC Press, p. 62, ISBN 978-1-4200-5887-1 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ankyrin repeat domain 11-Ankyrin repeat domain 11-Ankyrin repeat domain 11 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ANKRD11 gene. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ankyrin repeat domain 11-Function-This locus encodes an ankyrin repeat domain-containing protein. The encoded protein inhibits ligand-dependent activation of transcription. Mutations in this gene have been associated with KBG syndrome, which is characterized by macrodontia, distinctive craniofacial features, short stat... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
4-Oxo-2-nonenal-4-Oxo-2-nonenal-4-Oxo-2-nonenal is a lipid peroxidation product that can structurally alter proteins and induce α-synuclein oligomers. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Freight terminal-Freight terminal-A freight terminal is a processing node for freight. They may include airports, seaports, container ports, goods stations, railroad terminals and trucking terminals. As most freight terminals are located at ports, many cargo containers can be seen around the area. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) are strains of Staphylococcus aureus that have acquired resistance to the glycopeptide antibiotic vancomycin. Resistance in VRSA is conferred by the plasmid mediated vanA gene and oper... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Mechanism of acquired resistance-Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus was first reported in the United States in 2002. To date, documented cases of VRSA have acquired resistance through uptake of a vancomycin resistance gene cluster from Enterococcus (i.e. VRE). The acqu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Diagnosis-The diagnosis of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) is performed by performing susceptibility testing on a single S. aureus isolate to vancomycin. This is accomplished by first assessing the isolate's minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using standa... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-Treatment of infection-For isolates with a vancomycin minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 2 µg/mL, an alternative to vancomycin should be used. The approach is to treat with at least one agent to which VISA/VRSA is known to be susceptible by in vitro testing. The agents t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-History-Three classes of vancomycin-resistant S. aureus have emerged that differ in vancomycin susceptibilities: vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA), heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA), and high-level vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-History-Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) Vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) ( or ) was first identified in Japan in 1996 and has since been found in hospitals elsewhere in Asia, as well as in the United Kingdom, France, the U.S., and Brazil. It is also termed GIS... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-History-Vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) High-level vancomycin resistance in S. aureus has been rarely reported. In vitro and in vivo experiments reported in 1992 demonstrated that vancomycin resistance genes from Enterococcus faecalis could be transferred by gene transfe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus-History-Heterogeneous vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (hVISA) The definition of hVISA according to Hiramatsu et al. is a strain of Staphylococcus aureus that gives resistance to vancomycin at a frequency of 10−6 colonies or even higher. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-Paste up is a method of creating or laying out publication pages that predates the use of the now-standard computerized page design desktop publishing programs. Completed, or camera-ready, pages are known as mechanicals or mechanical art. In the offset lithography process, the mechanicals would be pho... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-Paste up relied on phototypesetting, a process that would generate "cold type" on photographic paper that usually took the form of long columns of text. These printouts were often a single column in a scroll of narrow (3-inch or 4-inch) paper that was as deep as the length of the story. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-A professional known variously as a paste-up artist, layout artist, mechanical artist, production artist, or compositor would cut the type into sections and arrange it carefully across multiple columns. For example, a 15 inch strip could be cut into three 5-inch sections. Headlines and other typograph... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-Adhesive was then applied to the back side of these strips, either by applying rubber cement with a brush or passing them through a machine that would apply a wax adhesive. The adhesives were intentionally made semi-permanent, allowing the strips to be removed and moved around the layout if it needed ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-Other camera-ready materials like photostats and line art would also be prepared with adhesive and attached to the boards. Continuous-tone photographs would need halftoning, which would require black paper or red film (which photo-imaged the same as black) to be trimmed and placed on the board in plac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Paste up-Paste up-Once a page was complete, the board would be attached to an easel and photographed in order to create a negative, which was then used to make a printing plate.
Paste up was preceded by hot type and cold type technologies. Starting in the 1990s, many newspapers started doing away with paste up, switchi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Distorted thread locknut-A distorted thread locknut, is a type of locknut that uses a deformed section of thread to keep the nut from loosening from vibrations or rotation of the clamped item. They are broken down into four types: elliptical offset nuts, centerlock nuts, toplock nuts and partia... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-High temperature use-Because these nuts are solid metal, they are effective in elevated temperature settings, unlike nyloc nuts. High grade nuts can withstand temperatures up to 1,400 °F (760 °C). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Safety factors-High strength distorted thread nuts cannot be used with low strength fasteners because the hard nut will act like a die and destroy the threads on the fastener. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Elliptical offset nuts-Elliptical offset nuts is a catch-all category that encompasses designs known as oval locknuts or non-slotted hex locknuts,. The salient feature is that the thread form has been deformed at one end so that the threads are no longer perfectly circular. The deformed end is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Centerlock nuts-Center lock nuts are similar to elliptical offset nuts, except that they are distorted in the middle of the nut. This allows the nut to be started from either side. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Toplock nuts-Toplock nuts are also similar to elliptical offset nuts, except that the whole thread on one end is not distorted. Instead only three small sections of the thread are deformed on one end. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Distorted thread locknut-Partially depitched nuts-Partially depitched nuts are commonly called Philidas nuts, after their originator and current manufacturer, and differ from the above three nut types insofar as a portion of the thread is displaced axially, this being facilitated by one or more slots perpendicular to t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Quantum cognition-Quantum cognition-Quantum cognition is an emerging field which applies the mathematical formalism of quantum theory to model cognitive phenomena such as information processing by the human brain, language, decision making, human memory, concepts and conceptual reasoning, human judgment, and perception... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Quantum cognition-Quantum cognition-Quantum cognition uses the mathematical formalism of quantum theory to inspire and formalize models of cognition that aim to be an advance over models based on probability theory. The field focuses on modeling phenomena in cognitive science that have resisted traditional techniques o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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