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Pair programming-Pair programming-Pair programming is a software development technique in which two programmers work together at one workstation. One, the driver, writes code while the other, the observer or navigator, reviews each line of code as it is typed in. The two programmers switch roles frequently.
While revie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Economics-Pair programming increases the person-hours required to deliver code compared to programmers working individually. However, the resulting code has fewer defects. Along with code development time, other factors like field support costs and quality assurance also figure into the return on inves... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Design quality-A system with two programmers possesses greater potential for the generation of more diverse solutions to problems for three reasons: the programmers bring different prior experiences to the task; they may assess information relevant to the task in different ways; they stand in different... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Satisfaction-In an online survey of pair programmers from 2000, 96% of programmers stated that they enjoyed work more while pair programming than programming alone. Furthermore, 95% said that they were more confident in their work when they pair programmed. However, as the survey was among self-selecte... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Learning-Knowledge is constantly shared between pair programmers, whether in the industry or in a classroom. Many sources suggest that students show higher confidence when programming in pairs, and many learn whether it be from tips on programming language rules to overall design skills. In "promiscuou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Team-building and communication-Pair programming allows team members to share quickly, making them less likely to have agendas hidden from each other. This helps pair programmers learn to communicate more easily. "This raises the communication bandwidth and frequency within the project, increasing over... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Studies-There are both empirical studies and meta-analyses of pair programming. The empirical studies tend to examine the level of productivity and the quality of the code, while meta-analyses may focus on biases introduced by the process of testing and publishing. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Studies-A meta-analysis found pairs typically consider more design alternatives than programmers working alone, arrive at simpler, more maintainable designs, and catch design defects earlier. However, it raised concerns that its findings may have been influenced by "signs of publication bias among publ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Studies-The benefit of pairing is greatest on tasks that the programmers do not fully understand before they begin: that is, challenging tasks that call for creativity and sophistication, and for novices as compared to experts. Pair programming could be helpful for attaining high quality and correctnes... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Indicators of non-performance-There are indicators that a pair is not performing well: Disengagement may present as one of the members physically withdraws away from the keyboard, accesses email, or even falls asleep.
The "Watch the Master" phenomenon can arise if one member is more experienced than th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Pairing variations-Expert–expert Expert–expert pairing may seem to be the obvious choice for the highest productivity and can produce great results, but it often yields little insight into new ways to solve problems, as both parties are unlikely to question established practices. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Pairing variations-Expert–novice Expert–novice pairing creates many opportunities for the expert to mentor the novice. This pairing can also introduce new ideas, as the novice is more likely to question established practices. The expert, now required to explain established practices, is also more likel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Pairing variations-Novice–novice Novice–novice pairing can produce results significantly better than two novices working independently, although this practice is generally discouraged because it is harder for novices to develop good habits without a proper role model. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pair programming-Remote pair programming-Remote pair programming, also known as virtual pair programming or distributed pair programming, is pair programming in which the two programmers are in different locations, working via a collaborative real-time editor, shared desktop, or a remote pair programming IDE plugin. Re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Wigner D-matrix-The Wigner D-matrix is a unitary matrix in an irreducible representation of the groups SU(2) and SO(3). It was introduced in 1927 by Eugene Wigner, and plays a fundamental role in the quantum mechanical theory of angular momentum. The complex conjugate of the D-matrix is an eigenfunction... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Definition of the Wigner D-matrix-Let Jx, Jy, Jz be generators of the Lie algebra of SU(2) and SO(3). In quantum mechanics, these three operators are the components of a vector operator known as angular momentum. Examples are the angular momentum of an electron in an atom, electronic spin, and the angul... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Definition of the Wigner D-matrix-This defines the spherical basis used here. That is, there is a complete set of kets (i.e. orthonormal basis of joint eigenvectors labelled by quantum numbers that define the eigenvalues) with J2|jm⟩=j(j+1)|jm⟩,Jz|jm⟩=m|jm⟩, where j = 0, 1/2, 1, 3/2, 2, ... for SU(2), a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Definition of the Wigner D-matrix-A 3-dimensional rotation operator can be written as R(α,β,γ)=e−iαJze−iβJye−iγJz, where α, β, γ are Euler angles (characterized by the keywords: z-y-z convention, right-handed frame, right-hand screw rule, active interpretation).
The Wigner D-matrix is a unitary square m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Wigner (small) d-matrix-Wigner gave the following expression: cos sin β2)m′−m+2s(j+m−s)!s!(m′−m+s)!(j−m′−s)!]. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Wigner (small) d-matrix-The sum over s is over such values that the factorials are nonnegative, i.e. smin=max(0,m−m′) , smax=min(j+m,j−m′) Note: The d-matrix elements defined here are real. In the often-used z-x-z convention of Euler angles, the factor (−1)m′−m+s in this formula is replaced by (−1)s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Wigner (small) d-matrix-The d-matrix elements are related to Jacobi polynomials cos β) with nonnegative a and b.
Let min (j+m,j−m,j+m′,j−m′).
If k={j+m:a=m′−m;λ=m′−mj−m:a=m−m′;λ=0j+m′:a=m−m′;λ=0j−m′:a=m′−m;λ=m′−m Then, with b=2j−2k−a, the relation is sin cos cos β), where 0. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Properties of the Wigner D-matrix-The complex conjugate of the D-matrix satisfies a number of differential properties that can be formulated concisely by introducing the following operators with (x,y,z)=(1,2,3), cos cot sin cos sin sin cot cos sin sin β∂∂γ)J^3=−i∂∂α which have quantum mechanical meani... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Orthogonality relations-The Wigner D-matrix elements Dmkj(α,β,γ) form a set of orthogonal functions of the Euler angles α,β, and γ sin β∫02πdγDm′k′j′(α,β,γ)∗Dmkj(α,β,γ)=8π22j+1δm′mδk′kδj′j.
This is a special case of the Schur orthogonality relations.
Crucially, by the Peter–Weyl theorem, they furthe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Kronecker product of Wigner D-matrices, Clebsch-Gordan series-The set of Kronecker product matrices Dj(α,β,γ)⊗Dj′(α,β,γ) forms a reducible matrix representation of the groups SO(3) and SU(2). Reduction into irreducible components is by the following equation: Dmkj(α,β,γ)Dm′k′j′(α,β,γ)=∑J=|j−j′|j+j′⟨jmj′... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Relation to spherical harmonics and Legendre polynomials-For integer values of l , the D-matrix elements with second index equal to zero are proportional to spherical harmonics and associated Legendre polynomials, normalized to unity and with Condon and Shortley phase convention: cos β)e−imα.
This imp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Connection with transition probability under rotations-The absolute square of an element of the D-matrix, Fmm′(β)=|Dmm′j(α,β,γ)|2, gives the probability that a system with spin j prepared in a state with spin projection m along some direction will be measured to have a spin projection m′ along a seco... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Connection with transition probability under rotations-Remarkably, the eigenvalue problem for the F matrix can be solved completely: cos β)fℓj(m)(ℓ=0,1,…,2j).
Here, the eigenvector, fℓj(m) , is a scaled and shifted discrete Chebyshev polynomial, and the corresponding eigenvalue, cos β) , is the Leg... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-Relation to Bessel functions-In the limit when ℓ≫m,m′ we have Dmm′ℓ(α,β,γ)≈e−imα−im′γJm−m′(ℓβ) where Jm−m′(ℓβ) is the Bessel function and ℓβ is finite. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-List of d-matrix elements-Using sign convention of Wigner, et al. the d-matrix elements dm′mj(θ) for j = 1/2, 1, 3/2, and 2 are given below. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Wigner D-matrix-List of d-matrix elements-for j = 1/2 cos sin θ2 for j = 1 cos sin cos cos θ for j = 3/2 cos cos cos sin cos cos cos sin cos cos cos sin θ2 for j = 2 cos sin cos sin sin cos cos cos cos sin cos cos cos 2θ−1) Wigner d-matrix elements with swapped lower indices are found with the relation: dm′,mj=(−1)... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Da li ste pametniji od đaka petaka?-Da li ste pametniji od đaka petaka?-Da li ste pametniji od đaka petaka? was a Serbian game show broadcast by Fox televizija. It is a licensed version of the global Are You Smarter Than a 5th Grader? franchise. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Da li ste pametniji od đaka petaka?-Da li ste pametniji od đaka petaka?-The show was aired weekly and it lasted only for one season. The show was hosted by Voja Nedeljković. The top prize was RSD 5,555,555 (around €70,000). Though broadcast on a network seen only in Serbia, and produced in Serbian, the show was actuall... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Central Weather Bureau seismic intensity scale-Central Weather Bureau seismic intensity scale-The Central Weather Bureau seismic intensity scale (Chinese: 交通部中央氣象局地震震度分級) is a seismic intensity scale used in Taiwan. It was established by the Central Weather Bureau. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Imaginary Thirteen-Imaginary Thirteen is a solitaire card game which is played with two decks of playing cards. Its gameplay makes it a two-deck version of Calculation and its name is taken from the fact that when a sum is over thirteen, thirteen (from out of nowhere) is subtracted to get the value o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Rules-To set up the tableau, an ace, a deuce (two), a trey (three), a four, a five, a six, a seven, and an eight are removed and placed in a row. These cards are markers which remind the player on the number to be added to the top card of the foundations to be placed under them. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Rules-Then eight cards are placed under the marker cards, each supposedly double the value of the card above it. Therefore, a deuce is placed below the ace, a four below the deuce, a six below the three, an eight below the four, a ten below the five, and a queen below the six. Since 14 and 14 13 =1... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Rules-These eight new cards will be the bases for the eight foundations, each would be built up regardless of suit to kings in intervals each indicated by the marker cards, i.e. the foundation under the ace is built up by ones, the foundation under the deuce built up by twos, the foundation under the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Rules-The gameplay is composed of taking a card from the stock. If it can be played on the foundations, it is placed there in the appropriate foundation. Otherwise, it is placed in one of four waste piles. The top card of each waste pile is available for play. At any time, after a card is placed in t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Imaginary Thirteen-Rules-The game is won when all cards have been played to the foundations after the stock runs out. The game is lost, however, if there are no more plays after the stock runs out. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
WTX (form factor)-WTX (form factor)-WTX (for Workstation Technology Extended) was a motherboard form factor specification introduced by Intel at the IDF in September 1998, for its use at high-end, multiprocessor, multiple-hard-disk servers and workstations. The specification had support from major OEMs (Compaq, Dell, F... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
WTX (form factor)-WTX (form factor)-This form factor was geared specifically towards the needs of high-end systems, and included specifications for a WTX power supply unit (PSU) using two WTX-specific 24-pin and 22-pin Molex connectors.
The WTX specification was created to standardize a new motherboard and chassis form... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Perseverance (solitaire)-Perseverance is a solitaire card game played with a deck of 52 playing cards. The reason for the name is not known, but likely originates in the fact that perseverance is necessary to succeed. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Rules-First, the four aces are taken out of the deck. These form the four foundations.
Then the rest are shuffled and dealt into twelve piles of four cards each. One can distribute one card at a time for each pile or deal four cards at a time to form a pile.
The top cards of each pile are avail... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Rules-When all possible moves are made (or the player has done all the possible moves one can make), the piles are picked up in reverse order. For example, the twelfth pile is placed over the eleventh pile, and this new pile is placed on the tenth pile, and so on. Then, without shuffling, the c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Rules-The game is won when all cards are built onto the foundations up to Kings. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Variations-Cruel is a popular solitaire game based on Perseverance. Perseverance is also closely related to Bisley. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Perseverance (solitaire)-Other sources-Coops, Helen L. 100 Games of Solitaire Bonaventure, George A. Two-Pack Games of Solitaire Dick, William Brisbane. Dick's Games of Patience Moyse Jr, Alphonse. 150 Ways to play Solitaire | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitterlyzer-The FS5000 Jitterlyzer performs physical layer serial bus jitter evaluation. It can inject controlled jitter and measure the characteristics of incoming jitter. When teamed with a logic analyzer or protocol analyzer, it can correlate these measurements with protocol analysis. Physical-layer test... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitter measurements-The FS5000 measures jitter in two categories: Timing There are four different timing measurements: Bathtub Plot - The bathtub curve can provide tremendous insight into the BER performance of a link under test. A bathtub curve is obtained by drawing a horizontal line across the waveform u... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitter measurements-Statistics - The Jitterlyzer’s measurement routines uncover total jitter and BER directly (without requiring mathematical extrapolation). This routine for random jitter (RJ) and deterministic jitter (DJ) separation is included for completeness. Also a number is provided for RJ and DJ on ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitter measurements-Eye There are three different eye measurements Eye diagram - This routine is performed on real-life traffic. It provides much more information than just a vertical eye opening or a horizontal eye opening. Instead, it provides a first indication of parameters such as dispersion in the sig... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitter measurements-Oscilloscope - This measurement allows the user to see an oscilloscope trace in persistent mode, allowing direct inspection of the eye. Color represents the frequency with which the measured trace passes through each point, with red representing the most frequent, and black representing ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Jitterlyzer-Jitter generation-Data pattern LIVE traffic Preprogrammed Compliance patterns Jitter profile Frequency range 19.07 kHz - 19.99 MHz Amplitude range 40ps - 1200ps Differential swing 400-1600mv | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dressing overall-Dressing overall-Dressing overall consists of stringing international maritime signal flags on a ship from stemhead to masthead, from masthead to masthead (if the vessel has more than one mast) and then down to the taffrail. It is a sign of celebration, and is done for celebratory occasions, anniversar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dressing overall-Dressing overall-Practice varies from country to country as to the order in which the signal flags are placed on the "dressing lines": in some places a specific order is laid down, in others there is no such provision; either way, the intention is to produce a random succession of flags (i.e. not conve... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Dressing overall-Dressing overall-When a ship is properly dressed overall in harbor, ensigns (in addition to the one flown in the usual position at the stern) should fly at each masthead, unless displaced by another flag, e.g., that of a flag officer. A ship underway does not array herself with signal flags, but the ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Germanium dichloride dioxane-Germanium dichloride dioxane-Germanium dichloride dioxane is a chemical compound with the formula GeCl2(C4H8O2), where C4H8O2 is 1,4-dioxane. It is a white solid. The compound is notable as a source of Ge(II), which contrasts with the pervasiveness of Ge(IV) compounds. This dioxane complex ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Germanium dichloride dioxane-Synthesis and structure-It is prepared by reduction of a dioxane solution of germanium tetrachloride with tributyltin hydride: GeCl4 + 2 Bu3SnH + C4H8O2 → GeCl2(O2C4H8) + 2 Bu3SnCl + H2Hydrosilanes have also been used as reductants.The complex has a polymeric structure. Germanium adopts an ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Germanium dichloride dioxane-Reactions-The complex is used in the preparation of organogermanium compounds. In organic synthesis, the complex is used as a Lewis acid with reducing properties. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Off-axis optical system-Off-axis optical system-An off-axis optical system is an optical system in which the optical axis of the aperture is not coincident with the mechanical center of the aperture. The principal applications of off-axis optical systems are to avoid obstruction of the primary aperture by secondary opt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Off-axis optical system-Off-axis optical system-There are various theoretical models for aberration in off-axis optical systems. This involves various techniques including different types of equations for ray-tracing, and a goal can be optimizing the design.An example of an off-axis optical system is a three mirror des... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-Prenatal perception-Prenatal perception is the study of the extent of somatosensory and other types of perception during pregnancy. In practical terms, this means the study of fetuses; none of the accepted indicators of perception are present in embryos. Studies in the field inform the abortion deba... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-Prenatal hearing-Numerous studies have found evidence indicating a fetus's ability to respond to auditory stimuli. The earliest fetal response to a sound stimulus has been observed at 16 weeks' gestational age, while the auditory system is fully functional at 25–29 weeks' gestation. At 33–41 weeks' ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-Prenatal pain-The hypothesis that human fetuses are capable of perceiving pain in the first trimester has little support, although fetuses at 14 weeks may respond to touch. A multidisciplinary systematic review from 2005 found limited evidence that thalamocortical pathways begin to function "around ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-Prenatal pain-Fetal anesthesia Direct fetal analgesia is used in only a minority of prenatal surgeries.Some caution that unnecessary use of fetal anesthetic may pose potential health risks to the mother. "In the context of abortion, fetal analgesia would be used solely for beneficence toward the fet... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-United States legislation-Federal legislation In 1985, questions about fetal pain were raised during congressional hearings concerning The Silent Scream.In 2013 during the 113th Congress, Representative Trent Franks introduced a bill called the "Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act" (H.R. 1797).... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Prenatal perception-United States legislation-State legislation Subsequently, 25 states have examined similar legislation related to fetal pain and/or fetal anesthesia, and in 2010 Nebraska banned abortions after 20 weeks on the basis of fetal pain. Eight states – Arkansas, Georgia, Louisiana, Minnesota, Oklahoma, Alas... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylenecyclopropene-Methylenecyclopropene-3-Methylenecyclopropene, also called methylenecyclopropene or triafulvene, is a hydrocarbon with chemical formula C4H4. It is a colourless gas that polymerizes readily as a liquid or in solution but is stable as a gas. This highly strained and reactive molecule was synthesize... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylenecyclopropene-Description-Methylenecyclopropene is the smallest of the fulvenes (a family of unstable, cyclic molecules, conjugated transversally with an odd number of carbon atoms in the ring).
The structure of methylenecyclopropene has two interacting double bonds, which represents the simplest transversally ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Methylenecyclopropene-Reactivity-Most fulvenes are typically non-aromatic in nature (based on spectroscopic data), having properties closer to alkenes. In the case of tria- and pentafulvene, the possibility of dipole forms of resonance suggests an aromatic character to the cyclic structure; furthermore, as opposed to p... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Deacetylisoipecoside synthase-Deacetylisoipecoside synthase-The enzyme deacetylisoipecoside synthase (EC 4.3.3.3) catalyzes the chemical reaction deacetylisoipecoside + H2O ⇌ dopamine + secologaninThis enzyme belongs to the family of lyases, specifically amine lyases, which cleave carbon-nitrogen bonds. The systematic... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Peroxydicarbonate-Peroxydicarbonate-In chemistry, peroxydicarbonate (sometimes peroxodicarbonate) is a divalent anion with the chemical formula C2O2−6. It is one of the oxocarbon anions, which consist solely of carbon and oxygen. Its molecular structure can be viewed as two carbonate anions joined so as to form a perox... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Peroxydicarbonate-Peroxydicarbonate-The anion is formed, together with peroxocarbonate CO2−4, at the negative electrode during electrolysis of molten lithium carbonate. The anion can also be obtained by electrolysis of a saturated solution of rubidium carbonate in water.In addition, the peroxodicarbonate anion can be o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Peroxydicarbonate-Peroxydicarbonate-Potassium peroxydicarbonate K2C2O6 was obtained by Constam and von Hansen in 1895; its crystal structure was determined only in 2002. It too can be obtained by electrolysis of a saturated potassium carbonate solution at −20 °C. It is a light blue crystalline solid that decomposes at ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Gain-field encoding-Gain field encoding is a hypothesis about the internal storage and processing of limb motion in the brain. In the motor areas of the brain, there are neurons which collectively have the ability to store information regarding both limb positioning and velocity in relation to both ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Neuron involved in gain field encoding work multiplicatively, taking the input from several together to form the gain field. It is this process that allows the complexity of motor control. Instead of simply encoding the motion of the limb in which a specific motion is desired, the multipl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Location Most gain field activity is based in the premotor cortex found in the frontal lobe anterior to the primary motor cortex, however it receives input from a variety of locations in the brain. These incoming signals provide frame of reference information through the individual's sens... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Unsurprisingly lesions in the parietal cortex lead to deficiencies in an individual's spatial movements and coordination and, in some cases, hemineglect. These effects were widely variable from person to person and depending on the location of the lesion further hinting at the complicated... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Gain Modulation One of the key components of gain-field encoding is the variability in the response amplitude of the action potentials from neurons. This variability, when independent of change in response selectivity, is called gain modulation. Gain Modulation takes place in many cortica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Encoding Process The encoding of the neurons involved in the motor gain field follow the same gain modulation principles as most of the neurons within the brain. That is to say, when gain is increased, the connections between the neurons firing increase in strength leading to further gain... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Physiology-Coordinate Manipulation One of the main results of gain-field encoding is the cognitive ability to manipulate different coordinate planes that are dealt with daily and adjust limb muscle movements accordingly. A good example of this is moving a pointer across a computer screen with a mous... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Mathematical Representation-The equation for the firing rate of a gain modulated neuron is a combination of the two types of information being transmitted to the neuron: r=f(x)g(y) where r is the rate of fire, f(x) is a function of one type of information input and g(y) is another. For example, n... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Evidence-Early hypotheses of gain field encoding suggested that the gain field works as a model for motion additively. This would mean that if two limbs needed to move, models for each would be called separately but at the same time. However, more recent studies in which more complex motor movements... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Evidence-This multiplicative property is an effect of recurrent neural circuitry. A target neuron that takes only two types of direct input can only combine them additively. However mathematical models show that when also receiving recursive input from neighboring neurons, the resulting transformati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Evidence-Observation of human developmental patterns also lend evidence toward this theory of gain-field encoding and gain modulation. Since arm movements are based on both intrinsic and extrinsic models, in order to build these connections one has to learn by self-generating movements and watching.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gain-field encoding-Evidence-A contrary hypothesis to gain field encoding involved implicating the neurons of the primary motor cortex (M1) in dynamic muscle movement. An investigation into area M1 shows that when an individual is asked to rotate an object, activation of the neurons in M1 thought to be controlling the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Appendix cancer-Appendix cancer are very rare cancers of the vermiform appendix.Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are rare tumors with malignant potential. Primary lymphomas can occur in the appendix. Breast cancer, colon cancer, and tumors of the female genital tract may metastasize to the appendix. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Diagnosis-Carcinoid tumors are the most common tumors of the appendix. Other common forms are mucinous adenocarcinomas, adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (NOS), and signet ring cell adenocarcinoma listed from highest to lowest incidence. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Diagnosis-Carcinoid A carcinoid is a neuroendocrine tumor (NET) of the intestines. Incidence rates among carcinoids occur at about .15 per 100,000 per year. This subgroup makes up a large amount of neoplasias both malignant and benign. Almost 3 out of 4 of these tumors are associated with the region at ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Diagnosis-Mucinous neoplasm Mucinous cystadenoma is an obsolete term for appendiceal mucinous neoplasm. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Treatment-Small carcinoids (<2 cm) without features of malignancy may be treated by appendectomy if complete removal is possible. Other carcinoids and adenocarcinomas may require right hemicolectomy. Note: the term "carcinoids" is outdated: these tumors are now more accurately called "neuroendocrine tum... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Epidemiology-A study of primary malignancies in the United States found a rate of 0.12 cases per 1,000,000 population per year. Carcinoids that were not identified as malignant were not included in this data. Carcinoid is found in roughly 1 in 300-400 appendectomies for acute appendicitis.In a systemati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Appendix cancer-Notable cases-Actress Audrey Hepburn was diagnosed with appendiceal cancer, and died of the disease in 1993. In 2007, ESPN sportscast anchor Stuart Scott was diagnosed with appendiceal cancer and died of the disease in 2015. Serbian musician Vlada Divljan was diagnosed with the cancer in 2012, and died ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format (EBIF) is a multimedia content format defined by a specification developed under the OpenCable project of CableLabs (Cable Television Laboratories, Inc.). The primary purpose of the EBIF content format is t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-An EBIF resource (file), i.e., a sequence of bytes that conforms to the EBIF content format, forms the primary information contained in an ETV Application. An ETV User Agent acquires, decodes, presents (widgets), and executes (actions) containe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Common Resource Format-An EBIF resource consists of the following components: Resource Header Optional Common Section Optional Platform Section 1...NA common or platform section of an EBIF resource consists of the following constructs: Section Header Table Directory Table 0...N-1 O... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Tables-The following table types are defined for use with EBIF: Action Generic Data Metadata Palette Platform Directory Reference Resource Locator Trigger WidgetIn addition to the above, an EBIF resource may include one or more private use tables that may be interpreted or used by ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Widgets-The following types of widgets are defined for use with EBIF: Button Collection Container Form Hidden Hot Spot Image Multi-Line Text Page Private Use Radio Radio Group Container Rectangle Selector Text Text Input Timer Video | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Actions-In an EBIF resource, programmatic (procedural) information takes the form of byte code, where each operation and its (optional) operands is referred to as an action. Actions are organized into sequences by means of one or more action tables where each entry points at (1) an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Enhanced TV Binary Interchange Format-Actions-Action sequences are executed as a result of firing certain predefined events, such as a page load event, a key press event, a click event, etc. As such, all programmatic execution takes place in the context of event handlers, whose execution is serialized by an ETV User Ag... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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