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Sound-in-Syncs-Versions-Ruggedised S-i-S A ruggedised version of the system was developed, which provided about 7 kHz audio bandwidth, for use over noisy or difficult microwave paths, such as those often encountered for outside broadcasts.
Stereo S-i-S Later systems, developed in the 1980s, used 14-bit linear PCM sampl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Profadol-Profadol-Profadol (CI-572) is an opioid analgesic which was developed in the 1960s by Parke-Davis. It acts as a mixed agonist-antagonist of the μ-opioid receptor. The analgetic potency is about the same as of pethidine (meperidine), the antagonistic effect is 1/50 of nalorphine. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Profadol-Synthesis-The Knoevenagel condensation between 3'-Methoxybutyrophenone [21550-06-1] and Ethyl cyanoacetate gives (1). Conjugate addition of cyanide gives (2). Hydrolysis of both nitrile groups, saponification of the ester and decarboxylation gives the diacid, CID:164137621 (3). Imide formation occurs upon trea... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Local Management Interface-Local Management Interface-Local Management Interface (LMI) is a term for some signaling standards used in networks, namely Frame Relay and Carrier Ethernet. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Local Management Interface-Frame Relay-LMI is a set of signalling standards between routers and Frame Relay switches. Communication takes place between a router and the first Frame Relay switch to which it is connected. Information about keepalives, global addressing, IP multicast and the status of virtual circuits is ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Local Management Interface-Carrier Ethernet-Ethernet Local Management Interface (E-LMI) is an Ethernet layer operation, administration, and management (OAM) protocol defined by the Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) for Carrier Ethernet networks. It provides information that enables auto configuration of customer edge (CE) dev... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-The Mukaiyama taxol total synthesis published by the group of Teruaki Mukaiyama of the Tokyo University of Science between 1997 and 1999 was the 6th successful taxol total synthesis. The total synthesis of Taxol is considered a hallmark in organic synthesi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-This version is a linear synthesis with ring formation taking place in the order C, B, A, D. Contrary to the other published methods, the tail synthesis is by an original design. Teruaki Mukaiyama is an expert on aldol reactions and not surprisingly his Ta... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis C ring-The lower rim of the cyclooctane B ring containing the first 5 carbon atoms was synthesized in a semisynthesis starting from naturally occurring L-serine (scheme 1). This route started with conversion of the amino group of the serine methyl ester (1) to the diol ester 2 ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis C ring-Completing the cyclooctane ring required 3 more carbon atoms that were supplied by a C2 fragment in an aldol addition and a Grignard C1 fragment (scheme 2). A Mukaiyama aldol addition (magnesium bromide / toluene) took place between aldehyde 7 and ketene silyl acetal 8 w... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis B ring-The C5 fragment 24 required for the synthesis of the C ring (scheme 3) was prepared from 2,3-dibromopropene (20) by reaction with ethyl acetate (21), n-butyllithium and a copper salt, followed by organic reduction of acetate 22 to alcohol 23 (lithium aluminium hydride) a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis A ring-Ring A synthesis (scheme 4) started with reduction of the C9 ketone group in 28 to diol 29 with alane in toluene followed by diol protection in 30 as a dimethyl carbonate. This allowed selective oxidation of the C1 alcohol with DDQ after deprotection to ketone 31. This c... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis A ring-The pentaol 39 was protected twice: two bottom hydroxyl groups as a carbonate ester (bis(trichloromethyl)carbonate, pyridine) and the C10 hydroxyl group as the acetate forming 40. The acetonide group was removed (HCl, THF), the C7 hydroxyl group protected as a TES silyl ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Synthesis D ring-The synthesis of the D ring (scheme 6) started from 44 with allylic bromination with copper(I) bromide and benzoyl tert-butyl peroxide to bromide 45. By adding even more bromide, another bromide 46 formed (both compounds are in chemical equilibrium) with the bromine atom... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Tail synthesis-The amide tail synthesis (scheme 7) was based on an asymmetric Aldol reaction. The starting compound is the commercially available Benzyloxyacetic acid 53 which was converted to the thio ester 55 (Ethanethiol) through the acid chloride 54 (thionyl chloride, pyridine). This... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Mukaiyama Taxol total synthesis-Tail addition-In the final synthetic steps (scheme 8) the amide tail 62 was added to ABCD ring 52 in an esterification catalysed by o,o'-di(2-pyridyl) thiocarbonate (DPTC) and DMAP forming ester 63. The Bn protecting group was removed by hydrogenation using palladium hydroxide on carbon ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Magical thinking-Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the ex... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Magical thinking-In psychology, magical thinking is the belief that one's thoughts by themselves can bring about effects in the world or that thinking something corresponds with doing it. These beliefs can cause a person to experience an irrational fear of performing certain acts or having certain thou... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Types-Direct effect Bronisław Malinowski's Magic, Science and Religion (1954) discusses another type of magical thinking, in which words and sounds are thought to have the ability to directly affect the world. This type of wish fulfillment thinking can result in the avoidance of talking about certain s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Types-Sigmund Freud believed that magical thinking was produced by cognitive developmental factors. He described practitioners of magic as projecting their mental states onto the world around them, similar to a common phase in child development. From toddlerhood to early school age, children will often... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Causes-According to theories of anxiety relief and control, people turn to magical beliefs when there exists a sense of uncertainty and potential danger, and with little access to logical or scientific responses to such danger. Magic is used to restore a sense of control over circumstance. In support o... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Causes-Phenomenological approach Ariel Glucklich tries to understand magic from a subjective perspective, attempting to comprehend magic on a phenomenological, experientially based level. Glucklich seeks to describe the attitude that magical practitioners feel what he calls "magical consciousness" or t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Social-Anthropology In religion, folk religion, and superstitious beliefs, the posited causality is between religious ritual, prayer, meditation, trances, sacrifice, incantation, curses, benediction, faith healing, or the observance of a taboo, and an expected benefit or recompense. The use of a lucky ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Social-Sir James Frazer (1854–1941) elaborated upon Tylor's principle by dividing magic into the categories of sympathetic and contagious magic. The latter is based upon the law of contagion or contact, in which two things that were once connected retain this link and have the ability to affect their s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Social-Despite the view that magic is less than rational and entails an inferior concept of causality, in The Savage Mind (1966), Claude Lévi-Strauss suggested that magical procedures are relatively effective in exerting control over the environment. This outlook has generated alternative theories of m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-In children-According to Jean Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development, magical thinking is most prominent in children between ages 2 and 7. Due to examinations of grieving children, it is said that during this age, children strongly believe that their personal thoughts have a direct effect on the rest... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-In children-Grief It was discovered that children often feel that they are responsible for an event or events occurring or are capable of reversing an event simply by thinking about it and wishing for a change: namely, "magical thinking". Make-believe and fantasy are an integral part of life at this ag... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Magical thinking-Related terms-"Quasi-magical thinking" describes "cases in which people act as if they erroneously believe that their action influences the outcome, even though they do not really hold that belief". People may realize that a superstitious intuition is logically false, but act as if it were true because... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-Write once read many-Write once read many (WORM) describes a data storage device in which information, once written, cannot be modified. This write protection affords the assurance that the data cannot be tampered with once it is written to the device, excluding the possibility of data loss from hu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-Write once read many-On ordinary (non-WORM) data storage devices, the number of times data can be modified is limited only by the lifespan of the device, as modification involves physical changes that may cause wear to the device. The "read many" aspect is unremarkable, as modern storage devices pe... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-History-WORM drives preceded the invention of the CD-R, DVD-R and BD-R. An example was the IBM 3363. These drives typically used a 12 in (30 cm) disk in a cartridge, with an ablative optical layer that could be written to only once, and were often used in places like libraries that needed to store ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-History-Punched cards and paper tape are obsolete WORM media. Although any unpunched area of the medium could be punched after the first write of the medium, doing so was virtually never useful. Read-only memory (ROM) is also a WORM medium. Such memory may contain the instructions to a computer to ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-History-WORM was utilized for Broker-dealer records within the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority and the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-Current WORM drives-The CD-R, DVD-R and BD-R optical discs for computers are common WORM devices. On these discs, no region of the disc can be recorded a second time. Through packet writing, which uses the Universal Disk Format (UDF) file system, these discs often use a file system that permits add... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-Current WORM drives-The SD card and microSD card spec allows for multiple forms of write-protection. The most common form, only available when using a full-size SD card, provides a physical write protection switch which allows the user to advise the host card reader to disallow write access. This d... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Write once read many-Research-In recent years there has been a renewed interest in WORM based on organic components, such as PEDOT:PSS or other polymers such as PVK or PCz. Organic WORM devices, considered organic memory, could be used as memory elements for low-power RFID tags. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Y alloy-Y alloy-Y alloy is a nickel-containing aluminium alloy. It was developed by the British National Physical Laboratory during World War I, in an attempt to find an aluminium alloy that would retain its strength at high temperatures.Duralumin, an aluminium alloy containing 4% copper was already known at this time.... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Y alloy-Y alloy-The National Physical Laboratory began a series of experiments to study new aluminium alloys. Experimental series "Y" was successful, and gave its name to the new alloy. Like duralumin, this was a 4% copper alloy, but with the addition of 2% nickel and 1.5% magnesium. This addition of nickel was an inno... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Y alloy-Y alloy-The alloy was first used in the cast form, but was soon used for forging as well. One of the most pressing needs was to develop reliable pistons for aircraft engines. The first experts at forging this alloy were Peter Hooker Limited of Walthamstow, who were better known as The British Gnôme and Le Rhône... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Y alloy-Alloy composition-Heat treatment As for many of the aluminium alloys, Y alloy age hardens spontaneously at normal temperatures after solution heat treating. The heat treatment is to heat it to 500 to 520 °C (932 to 968 °F) for 6 hours, then to allow it to age naturally for 7–10 days. The precipitation hardening... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maturity (sedimentology)-Maturity (sedimentology)-In sedimentary geology, maturity describes the composition and texture of grains in clastic rocks, most typically sandstones, resulting from different amounts of sediment transportation. A sediment is mature when the grains in a sediment become well-sorted and well-roun... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Maturity (sedimentology)-Maturity (sedimentology)-A sediment sample from the lower (downstream) portions of a stream is likely to be more mature than one found upstream, since the original sediment has been subject to more abrasion as it travels downstream. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ulrich K. Laemmli-Ulrich K. Laemmli-Ulrich K. Laemmli, real name Lämmli, is a Professor in the biochemistry and molecular biology departments at University of Geneva. He is known for the refinement of SDS-PAGE, a widely used method for separating proteins based on their electrophoretic mobility. His paper describing th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ulrich K. Laemmli-Major scientific contributions-Although electrophoresis was used to separate proteins before Laemmli's work, he made significant improvements to the method. The term "Laemmli buffer" is often used to describe an SDS-containing buffer that is used to prepare (denature) samples for SDS-PAGE. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Ulrich K. Laemmli-Awards and honors-Louis-Jeantet Prize for Medicine – 1996 Elected fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science – 2006 | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Tyrosemiophilia-Tyrosemiophilia-Tyrosemiophilia is the hobby of collecting cheese labels. As of May 2019, the world's largest collection encompasses 250,655 label designs. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Beam diameter-The beam diameter or beam width of an electromagnetic beam is the diameter along any specified line that is perpendicular to the beam axis and intersects it. Since beams typically do not have sharp edges, the diameter can be defined in many different ways. Five definitions of the beam width ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Beam diameter-Beam diameter is usually used to characterize electromagnetic beams in the optical regime, and occasionally in the microwave regime, that is, cases in which the aperture from which the beam emerges is very large with respect to the wavelength. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Beam diameter-Beam diameter usually refers to a beam of circular cross section, but not necessarily so. A beam may, for example, have an elliptical cross section, in which case the orientation of the beam diameter must be specified, for example with respect to the major or minor axis of the elliptical cro... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-Rayleigh beamwidth The angle between the maximum peak of radiated power and the first null (no power radiated in this direction) is called the Rayleigh beamwidth. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-Full width at half maximum The simplest way to define the width of a beam is to choose two diametrically opposite points at which the irradiance is a specified fraction of the beam's peak irradiance, and take the distance between them as a measure of the beam's width. An obvious choice for thi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-1/e2 width The 1/e2 width is equal to the distance between the two points on the marginal distribution that are 1/e2 = 0.135 times the maximum value. In many cases, it makes more sense to take the distance between points where the intensity falls to 1/e2 = 0.135 times the maximum value. If the... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-For a Gaussian beam, the relationship between the 1/e2 width and the full width at half maximum is ln 1.699 ×FWHM , where 2w is the full width of the beam at 1/e2. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-D4σ or second-moment width The D4σ width of a beam in the horizontal or vertical direction is 4 times σ, where σ is the standard deviation of the horizontal or vertical marginal distribution respectively. Mathematically, the D4σ beam width in the x dimension for the beam profile I(x,y) is exp... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-When a beam is measured with a laser beam profiler, the wings of the beam profile influence the D4σ value more than the center of the profile, since the wings are weighted by the square of its distance, x2, from the center of the beam. If the beam does not fill more than a third of the beam pr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-Knife-edge width Before the advent of the CCD beam profiler, the beam width was estimated using the knife-edge technique: slice a laser beam with a razor and measure the power of the clipped beam as a function of the razor position. The measured curve is the integral of the marginal distributi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-Fusing knife-edge method with imaging The main drawback of the knife-edge technique is that the measured value is displayed only on the scanning direction, minimizing the amount of relevant beam information. To overcome this drawback, an innovative technology offered commercially allows multip... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-D86 width The D86 width is defined as the diameter of the circle that is centered at the centroid of the beam profile and contains 86% of the beam power. The solution for D86 is found by computing the area of increasingly larger circles around the centroid until the area contains 0.86 of the t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Definitions-ISO11146 beam width for elliptic beams The definition given before holds for stigmatic (circular symmetric) beams only. For astigmatic beams, however, a more rigorous definition of the beam width has to be used: dσx=22(⟨x2⟩+⟨y2⟩+γ((⟨x2⟩−⟨y2⟩)2+4⟨xy⟩2)1/2)1/2 and dσy=22(⟨x2⟩+⟨y2⟩−γ((⟨x2⟩−⟨y2⟩)2... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Measurement-International standard ISO 11146-1:2005 specifies methods for measuring beam widths (diameters), divergence angles and beam propagation ratios of laser beams (if the beam is stigmatic) and for general astigmatic beams ISO 11146-2 is applicable. The D4σ beam width is the ISO standard definition... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Beam diameter-Measurement-The width of laser beams can be measured by capturing an image on a camera, or by using a laser beam profiler. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)-Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)-Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide) (4-673-745-01) is an extremely potent carbamate nerve agent. It works by inhibiting the acetylcholinesterase, causing acetylcholine to ac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)-Toxicity-Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide) is an extremely toxic nerve agent that can be lethal even at extremely low doses. The LD50 in mice and rabbits is 16 μg/kg and 6 μg/kg, respectively. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Octamethylene-bis(5-dimethylcarbamoxyisoquinolinium bromide)-Synthesis-5-Hydroxyisoquinoline and dimethylcarbamoyl chloride is heated on a steam bath for 2 hours. The mixture is then cooled and treated with benzene. The resulting solid is then dissolved in water. Sodium hydroxide is added to make the solution basic. Th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Lanthanum ytterbium oxide is a solid inorganic compound of lanthanum, ytterbium and oxygen with the chemical formula of LaYbO3. This compound adopts the Perovskite structure. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Synthesis-LaYbO3 is not a naturally occurring mineral but it can prepared by solid state reaction between La2O3 and Yb2O3 at temperatures around 1200 °C. Single-crystals of LaYbO3 can also be grown of a molten hydroxide flux at 750 °C in sealed silver tubes. Thin films of LaYbO3 have also been... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Structure-LaYbO3 and other LaREO3 oxides (where RE=Ho, Y, Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu) compounds have an orthorhombic crystal structure with an internal symmetry described by the Pnma space group. The structure can be described by slightly distorted YbO6 octahedra tilted in the a−b+a− configuration acc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Structure-It exhibits exhibit a negative thermal expansion along the a and b axes. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Lanthanum ytterbium oxide-Physical Properties-LaYbO3 exhibits a room-temperature permittivity, ɛr, of ~26, which decreases slightly to 25 at 10 K. LaYbO3 shows antiferromagnetic ordering with a weak ferromagnetism at 2.7 K. LaYbO3-based perovskites are also known to show proton conductivity at intermediate temperatures... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Catch bond-A catch bond is a type of noncovalent bond whose dissociation lifetime increases with tensile force applied to the bond. Normally, bond lifetimes are expected to diminish with force. In the case of catch bonds, the lifetime of the bond actually increases up to a maximum before it decreases like in... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Discovery-Catch bonds were first proposed in 1988 in the Proceedings of the Royal Society by M. Dembo et al. while at Los Alamos National Laboratory. While developing molecular model to study the critical tension required to detach a membrane bound to a surface through adhesion molecules, it was found that i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Discovery-More catch bonds were discovered in the 2010s, including E-selectin with carbohydrate ligands, G-actin with G-actin or F-actin, cadherin-catenin complex with actin, vinculin with F-actin, microtubule with kinetochore particle, integrin alpha L beta 2 and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Variations and related dynamic bonds-Triphasic bonds Other type of "dynamic bonds" have been defined in additional to the original types of catch bonds, slip bonds and ideal bonds classified by Dembo. Unlike slip bonds, which have been observed in the entire force range tested, catch bonds only exist within ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Variations and related dynamic bonds-Flex bonds The transition between catch and slip bonds have been modeled as molecular dissociation from two bond states along two pathways. Dissociation along each pathway alone results in a slip bond but at different rates. At low forces, dissociation occurs predominatel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Variations and related dynamic bonds-Dynamic catch The above bonds involve bimolecular interactions, which arguably represents the simplest types. A new type of catch bonds emerges when trimolecular interactions are involved. In such cases, one molecule can interact with the two counter-molecules using two b... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Variations and related dynamic bonds-Cyclic mechanical reinforcement Most catch bonds were demonstrated using force-clamp force spectroscopy where upon initial ramping, a constant force is loaded on the bond to observe how long the bond lasts, i.e., measuring the bond lifetime at a constant force. Catch bond... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Variations and related dynamic bonds-Force history dependence The CMR phenomenon indicates that how long a bond can sustain force at a given level can depend on the history of force application prior to arriving at that force level. In other words, the "rate constant" of molecular dissociation at a constant ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Selectin bond Background Leukocytes, as well as other types of white blood cells, normally form weak and short-lived bonds with other cells via selectin. Coated outside the membrane of leukocytes are microvilli, which have various types of adhesive molec... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-An important example of catch bonds is their role in leukocyte extravasation. During this process, leukocytes move through the circulatory system to sites of infection, and in doing so they 'roll' and bind to selectin molecules on the vessel wall. While ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Leukocytes adhesion mediated by shear stress In blood vessel, at very low shear stress of ~.3 dynes per squared centimeter, leukocytes do not adhere to the blood vessel endothelial cells. Cells move along the blood vessel at a rate proportional to the bl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Leukocyte rolling mediated by catch-slip transition Researchers have hypothesized that the ability of leukocytes to maintain attachment and rolling on the blood vessel wall can be explained by a combination of many factors, including cell flattening to m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Proposed mechanisms of action Allosteric model Though catch bonds are now widely recognized, their mechanism of action is still under dispute. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Two leading hypotheses dominate the discussion. The first hypothesis, the allosteric model, stems from evidence that x-ray crystallography of selectin proteins shows two conformational states: a bent conformation in the absence of ligand, and an extended... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Sliding-rebinding model The sliding-rebinding model differs from the allosteric model in that the allosteric model posits that only one binding site exists and can be altered, but the sliding-rebinding model states that multiple binding sites exist and a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Mechanism of a single selectin binding A single PSGL-1 and selectin binding is similar to conventional protein binding when the force is kept constant, with a dissociation constant. As the force exerted starts to increase, the dissociation constant decre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-FimH bond Background Catch bonds also play a significant role in bacterial adhesion, most notably in Escherichia coli. E. coli and other bacteria residing in the intestine must be able to adhere to intestinal walls or risk being eliminated from the body ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Catch bond-Various catch bonds of specific molecular interactions-Bacteria adhesion mediated by shear stress Similar to selectin binding, FimH binding also have a threshold where it only starts binding to the host cells above this threshold. This shear stress threshold is about 1 dynes per squared centimeter, slightly ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gallium maltolate-Gallium maltolate-Gallium maltolate is a coordination complex consisting of a trivalent gallium cation coordinated to three maltolate ligands. The compound is a potential therapeutic agent for cancer, infectious disease, and inflammatory disease. A cosmetic skin cream containing gallium maltolate is m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gallium maltolate-Mechanism of action-Gallium maltolate delivers gallium with higher oral bioavailability than that of gallium salts such as gallium nitrate and gallium trichloride. In vitro studies have found gallium to be antiproliferative due primarily to its ability to mimic ferric iron (Fe3+). Ferric iron is essen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Gallium maltolate-Research-Gallium (III) ion shows anti-inflammatory activity in animal models of inflammatory disease. Orally administered gallium maltolate has demonstrated efficacy against two types of induced inflammatory arthritis in rats. Experimental evidence suggests that the anti-inflammatory activity of galli... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Network booting-Network booting-Network booting, shortened netboot, is the process of booting a computer from a network rather than a local drive. This method of booting can be used by routers, diskless workstations and centrally managed computers (thin clients) such as public computers at libraries and schools.
Networ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Network booting-Hardware support-Contemporary desktop personal computers generally provide an option to boot from the network in their BIOS/UEFI via the Preboot Execution Environment (PXE). Post-1998 PowerPC (G3 – G5) Mac systems can also boot from their New World ROM firmware to a network disk via NetBoot. Old persona... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Network booting-Process-The initial software to be run is loaded from a server on the network; for IP networks this is usually done using the Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP). The server from which to load the initial software is usually found by broadcasting a Bootstrap Protocol or Dynamic Host Configuration Prot... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Network booting-Installations-Netbooting is also used for unattended operating system installations. In this case, a network-booted helper operating system is used as a platform to execute the script-driven, unattended installation of the intended operating system on the target machine. Implementations of this for Mac ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Network booting-Legacy-Before IP became the primary Layer 3 protocol, Novell's NetWare Core Protocol (NCP) and IBM's Remote Initial Program Load (RIPL) were widely used for network booting. Their client implementations also fit into smaller ROM than PXE. Technically network booting can be implemented over any of file t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Adobe Pixel Bender-Adobe Pixel Bender-Adobe Pixel Bender, previously codenamed Hydra, is a programming language created by Adobe Systems for the description of image processing algorithms. The syntax is based on GLSL, and a Pixel Bender program is analogous to an OpenGL fragment shader, and is intended to be a loosely ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Homework First-Homework First-The Homework First is a combination lock parental control device for the Nintendo Entertainment System made by SafeCare Products, Inc. of Dundee, Illinois and Master Lock. The lock features a "Self-Setting" combination that attaches to the open bay of a front-loading NES-001 system via a s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Homework First-Reception-ACE magazine panned the device on a conceptual level during their 1989 CES coverage.Jeuxvideo.com cited the device as one of the first video game parental controls. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
NUBP2-NUBP2-Nucleotide-binding protein 2 (NBP 2) also known as cytosolic Fe-S cluster assembly factor NUBP2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NUBP2 gene.NUBP2 is a member of the NUBP/MRP gene subfamily of ATP-binding proteins. There are two types in eukaryotes NUBP1 and NUBP2, and one novel human gene that ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
NUBP2-Morphology-Further information: Morphology (biology)NBP35 bacterial plasmids F (the classical Escherichia coli sex factor) is found in all nuclear genes in vegetative and gametic flagella of the unicellular green algae C. reinhardtii and nuclear Fe/S protein biogenesis required for cytosolic iron-sulfur protein a... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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