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NUBP2-Interactions-NUBP2 has been shown to interact with...
ACO1 Iron-responsive element-binding protein 1 (IRE-BP 1) (Iron regulatory protein 1) (IRP1) MAPK8IP3 C-jun-amino-terminal kinase-interacting protein 3 (JNK-interacting protein 3) (JIP-3) IGFALS Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein complex acid labile ch... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-CLIMAT-CLIMAT is a code for reporting monthly climatological data assembled at land-based meteorological surface observation sites to data centres. CLIMAT-coded messages contain information on several meteorological variables that are important to monitor characteristics, changes, and variability of climate. Usu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Contents of CLIMAT (TEMP) (SHIP) messages-CLIMAT-messages contain comprehensive information on a variety of climate-relevant meteorological parameters such as monthly mean temperature, mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures of the month, monthly mean pressure, monthly mean vapour pressure, total precipitati... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Characteristics of the CLIMAT code-The CLIMAT code has a fixed but logic syntax that needs to be followed strictly to maintain the ability of a computing device that processes the code to assign the contained information correctly. A CLIMAT-coded message can contain information from more than one synoptic statio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Future developments-Due to the WMO-led development of the new digital BUFR and CREX coding formats and their implementation to meteorological reporting, CLIMAT coding will continually be transformed in these new formats or even be replaced in the future. Notwithstanding, CLIMAT-based reporting will still play an... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Future developments-The monthly climatological upper-air data included in CLIMAT TEMP (SHIP) can basically also be derived from daily reports, due to improvements in collection and exchange of the daily TEMP messages and improved real-time quality control, and therefore discontinuing these messages is currently ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Applications-The data of CLIMAT reports are broadly used in meteorological and climatological applications, such as the generation of time-series, climate monitoring and climate modelling. Increasing quality and quantity of CLIMAT reports sent from meteorological observation sites ameliorates the generation of t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
CLIMAT-Amelioration of messages-WMO and the Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) disseminate information on CLIMAT reporting via handbooks/guides, and the Manual on Codes (WMO No. 306), e.g. via the internet. For simplifying the forming of CLIMAT reports, the WMO World Climate Programme and GCOS have set up a softwar... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Nitrous oxide engine-A Nitrous Oxide Engine, or Nitrous Oxide System commonly referred to and known as NOS, is an internal combustion engine in which oxygen for burning the fuel comes from the decomposition of nitrous oxide, N2O, as well as air. The system increases the engine's power output by all... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Terminology-In the context of racing, nitrous oxide is often termed nitrous or NOS. The term NOS is derived from the initials of the company name Nitrous Oxide Systems, Inc. (now a brand of Holley Performance Products) one of the pioneering companies in the development of nitrous oxide injection sy... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Mechanism-When a mole of nitrous oxide decomposes, it releases half a mole of O2 molecules (oxygen gas), and one mole of N2 molecules (nitrogen gas). This decomposition allows an oxygen concentration of 36.36% to be reached. Nitrogen gas is non-combustible and does not support combustion. Air—which... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Mechanism-Nitrous oxide is stored as a liquid in tanks, but is a gas under atmospheric conditions. When injected as a liquid into an inlet manifold, the vaporization and expansion causes a reduction in air/fuel charge temperature with an associated increase in density, thereby increasing the cylind... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Mechanism-As the decomposition of N2O into oxygen and nitrogen gas is exothermic and thus contributes to a higher temperature in the combustion engine, the decomposition increases engine efficiency and performance, which is directly related to the difference in temperature between the unburned fuel... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Identification-Cars with nitrous-equipped engines may be identified by the "purge" of the delivery system that most drivers perform prior to reaching the starting line. A separate electrically operated valve is used to release air and gaseous nitrous oxide trapped in the delivery system. This bring... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-There are two categories of nitrous systems: dry & wet with four main delivery methods of nitrous systems: single nozzle, direct port, plate, and bar used to discharge nitrous into the plenums of the intake manifold. Nearly all nitrous systems use specific orifice inserts, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Dry In a dry nitrous system the nitrous delivery method provides nitrous only. The extra fuel required is introduced through the fuel injectors, keeping the manifold dry of fuel. This property is what gives the dry system its name. Fuel flow can be increased either by incre... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Wet In a wet nitrous system the nitrous delivery method provides nitrous and fuel together resulting in the intake manifold being "wet" with fuel, giving the category its name. Wet nitrous systems can be used in all four main delivery methods. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-In wet systems on fuel/direct injected engines care must be taken to avoid backfires caused by fuel pooling in the intake tract or manifold and/or uneven distribution of the nitrous/fuel mixture. Port and direct fuel injection engines have intake systems engineered for the ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Single nozzle A single nozzle nitrous system introduces the nitrous or fuel/nitrous mixture via a single injection point. The nozzle is typically placed in the intake pipe/tract after the air filter, prior to the intake manifold and/or throttle body in fuel injected applica... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Direct port A direct port nitrous system introduces the nitrous or fuel/nitrous mixture as close to the intake ports of the engine as is feasible via individual nozzles directly in each intake runner. Direct port nitrous systems will use the same or similar nozzles as those... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Plate A plate nitrous system uses a spacer placed somewhere between the throttle body and intake ports with holes drilled along its interior surfaces, or in a tube that is suspended from the plate, for the nitrous or fuel/nitrous mixture to be distributed through. Plate sys... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Bar A bar nitrous system utilizes a hollow tube, with a number of holes drilled along its length, placed inside the intake plenum to deliver nitrous. Bar nitrous delivery methods are almost exclusively dry nitrous systems due to the non-optimal fuel distribution possibiliti... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Types of nitrous systems-Propane or CNG Nitrous systems can be used with a gaseous fuel such as propane or compressed natural gas. This has the advantage of being technically a dry system as the fuel is not in a liquid state when introduced to the intake tract. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Reliability concerns-The use of nitrous oxide carries with it concerns about the reliability and longevity of an engine present with all power adders. Due to the greatly increased cylinder pressures, the engine as a whole is placed under greater stress, primarily those components associated with th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Reliability concerns-In addition, nitrous oxide should not be used in vehicles with an automatic transmission, as the highly increased engine power and torque may cause stress damage to the torque converter and the transmission itself. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Street legality-Nitrous oxide injection systems for automobiles are illegal for road use in some countries. For example, in New South Wales, Australia, the Roads & Traffic Authority Code of Practice for Light Vehicle Modifications (in use since 1994) states in clause 3.1.5.7.3 that The use or fitme... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Street legality-In Germany, despite its strict TÜV rules, a nitrous system can be installed and used legally in a street driven car. The requirements for the technical standard of the system are similar to those of aftermarket natural gas conversions. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-Racing rules-Several sanctioning bodies in drag racing allow or disallow the use of nitrous oxide in certain classes or have nitrous oxide specific classes. Nitrous is allowed in Formula Drift competition. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Nitrous oxide engine-History-A similar basic technique was used during World War II by Luftwaffe aircraft with the GM-1 system to maintain the power output of aircraft engines when at high altitude where the air density is lower. Accordingly, it was only used by specialized planes like high-altitude reconnaissance airc... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kunsthalle-Kunsthalle-A kunsthalle is a facility that mounts temporary art exhibitions, similar to an art gallery. It is distinct from an art museum by not having a permanent collection.
In the German-speaking regions of Europe, Kunsthallen are often operated by a non-profit Kunstverein ("art association" or "art socie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kunsthalle-Origin, spelling and variants-The term kunsthalle is a loanword from the German Kunsthalle, a compound noun formed by combining the two nouns Kunst (art) and Halle (hall). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kunsthalle-Origin, spelling and variants-Like all nouns in German, the word is written with an initial capital letter. In English, it should be written with a lower-case letter (kunsthalle) unless it is the first word of a sentence or part of a title. The plural form Kunsthallen is usually rendered as kunsthalles.The t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kunsthalle-List of kunsthalles-This list contains the exhibition venues, museums, and art societies that can be considered as kunsthalles. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Kunsthalle-List of kunsthalles-Austria Kunsthaus Graz, Graz Kunsthalle Krems (foundation) Kunsthalle Wien; see also Museumsquartier, Vienna (municipal) KunstHausWien, Vienna Belgium Kunsthal Gent, Ghent Kunsthalle Lophem, Loppem Kunsthal Extra City, Antwerp Czech Republic Kunsthalle Praha, Prague Denmark Kunsthal Aarhu... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Pyraminx Crystal-The Pyraminx Crystal (also called a Chrysanthemum puzzle) is a dodecahedral puzzle similar to the Rubik's Cube and the Megaminx. It is manufactured by Uwe Mèffert and has been sold in his puzzle shop since 2008.
The puzzle was originally called the Brilic, and was first made in 2006 by... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-History-The Pyraminx Crystal was patented in Europe on July 16, 1987. The patent number is DE8707783U.
In late 2007, due to requests by puzzle fans worldwide, Uwe Mèffert began manufacturing the puzzle. The puzzles were first shipped in February 2008. There are two 12-color versions, one with the black... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Description-The puzzle consists of a dodecahedron sliced in such a way that each slice cuts through the centers of five different pentagonal faces. This cuts the puzzle into 20 corner pieces and 30 edge pieces, with 50 pieces in total.
Each face consists of five corners and five edges. When a face is t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Solutions-The puzzle is essentially a deeper-cut version of the Megaminx, and the same algorithms used for solving the Megaminx's corners may be used to solve the corners on the Pyraminx Crystal. The edge pieces can then be permuted by a simple 4-twist algorithm, R L' R' L, that leaves the corners unto... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Number of combinations-There are 30 edge pieces with 2 orientations each, and 20 corner pieces with 3 orientations each, giving a maximum of 30!·230·20!·320 possible combinations. However, this limit is not reached because: Only even permutations of edges are possible, reducing the possible edge arrang... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Number of combinations-The orientation of the puzzle does not matter (since there are no fixed face centers to serve as reference points), dividing the final total by 60. There are 60 possible positions and orientations of the first corner, but all of them are equivalent because of the lack of face cen... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pyraminx Crystal-Number of combinations-The full figure is 1 677 826 942 558 722 452 041 933 871 894 091 752 811 468 606 850 329 477 120 000 000 000 (roughly 1.68 unvigintillion on the short scale or 1.68 undecillion on the long scale). | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Pony ride-A pony ride is an opportunity for children to ride real ponies for a short time, usually seen at fairs, guest ranches, zoos, summer camps, private children's parties and similar places. Children on pony rides do not handle the pony themselves, but they need to be old enough to sit up straight and ho... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Types of ponies-Ponies for younger children generally are under 14 hands (56 inches, 142 cm), and often much smaller. A rule of thumb is that the legs of the child should reach at least halfway down the sides of the pony. The Shetland pony is a breed often used for pony rides. Best practices advise that ponie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Children ages and sizes-Recommendations vary with the size of the pony, but children who participate in pony rides need to be able to sit up and hold their head up without support, thus children under the age of one are too small to safely ride ponies. Best practices are that children be at least three years ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Safety-Pony rides are considered a high risk equine activity. Pony ride operators are generally advised to carry liability insurance and to hire staff who are experienced with horses. Equestrian helmets are mandated by law for children in some places, and their use for all children is considered a best practi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Safety-Enclosures Pony rides need to be conducted in an enclosed area to help contain a pony that might escape and to give the pony a visual boundary. Low or flimsy fencing is not a best practice. Welded pipe panels are considered safe for portable fencing, such as at fairs. Settings with permanent pony rides... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Training and equipment-Ponies used for pony rides need to be quiet, well-trained, and desensitized to children, noise, and crowds. At fairs in particular, ponies are exposed to loud noises and traffic.Ponies are usually given western saddles for children's rides because they are less likely to slip and childr... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Training and equipment-Hand-led rides can be held in an area about 40 by 80 feet (12 m × 24 m), which is large enough to move around, but confines the pony in case of problems. For hand-led rides, a mounting block or ramp can be used to help children get on and off the pony. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Pony ride-Pony welfare and law-The United States Department of Agriculture mandates that carnivals that exhibit animals, roadside zoos and many similar programs be licensed or registered to operate under the Animal Welfare Act of 1966, 7 U.S.C. § 2131 et seq., which protects animals not raised for food or fiber. The Ac... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
UBAP2-UBAP2-Ubiquitin-associated protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the UBAP2 gene. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
UBAP2-Function-This gene is a novel gene isolated based on its expression in the human adrenal gland. The full-length protein encoded by this gene contains a UBA-domain (ubiquitin associated domain), which is a motif found in several proteins having connections to ubiquitin and the ubiquitination pathway. In addition, ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Just-in-time learning-Just-in-time learning-Just-in-time learning is an approach to individual or organizational learning and development that promotes need-related training be readily available exactly when and how it is needed by the learner. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Just-in-time learning-Methodology-Just-in-time learning is different from structured training or scheduled professional development, both of which are generally available at set dates and times. What makes just-in-time learning unique is a strategy focused on meeting the learner's need when it arises, rather than pre-s... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Just-in-time learning-Success criteria-That just-in-time learning is often conflated with reusable learning objects implies that similar success criteria may be applied to them. Evidence of successful use of just-in-time learning includes higher learner satisfaction, decreased costs, and even increased patient-centered... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interpenetrating polymer network-Interpenetrating polymer network-An Interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) is a polymer comprising two or more networks which are at least partially interlaced on a polymer scale but not covalently bonded to each other. The network cannot be separated unless chemical bonds are broken.
T... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interpenetrating polymer network-History-The first known IPN was a combination of phenol-formaldehyde resin with vulcanized natural rubber made by Jonas Aylsworth in 1914. However, this was before Staudinger's hypothesis on macromolecules and thus the terms "polymer" or "IPN" were not yet used. The first usage of the t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interpenetrating polymer network-Mechanical Properties-Molecular intermixing tends to broaden the glass transition regions of some IPN materials compared to their component polymers. This unique characteristic provides excellent mechanical damping properties over a wide range of temperatures and frequencies due to a re... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interpenetrating polymer network-Morphology-Most IPNs do not interpenetrate completely on a molecular scale, but rather form small dispersed or bicontinuous phase morphologies with characteristic length scales on the order of tens of nanometers. However, since these length scales are relatively small, they are often co... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Interpenetrating polymer network-Applications-IPNs have been used in automotive parts (including modern automotive paint), damping materials, medical devices, molding compounds, and in engineering plastics. While many benefits come from the enhanced mechanical properties of the IPN materials, other characteristics such... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Service Availability Forum-Service Availability Forum-The Service Availability Forum (SAF or SA Forum) is a consortium that develops, publishes, educates on and promotes open specifications for carrier-grade and mission-critical systems. Formed in 2001, it promotes development and deployment of commercial off-the-shelf... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Service Availability Forum-Description-Service availability is an extension of high availability, referring to services that are available regardless of hardware, software or user fault and importance. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Service Availability Forum-Description-Key principles of service availability: Redundancy – "backup" capability in case of need to failover due to a fault Stateful and seamless recovery from failures Minimization of mean time to repair (MTTR) – time to restore service after an outage Fault prediction & avoidance – take... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Service Availability Forum-Description-SA Forum support commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) technology for uninterrupted service availability, application portability and seamless integration. Collaborating industry organizations include the following: CP-TA (Communications Platforms Trade Association): ensure interoperabi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Quinupristin-Quinupristin-Quinupristin is a streptogramin B antibiotic, used in combination with dalfopristin under the trade name Synercid. It has activity against Gram-positive and atypical bacteria but not Gram-negative bacteria. It inhibits bacterial protein synthesis. The combination of quinupristin and dalfoprist... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Volcanic plug-A volcanic plug, also called a volcanic neck or lava neck, is a volcanic object created when magma hardens within a vent on an active volcano. When present, a plug can cause an extreme build-up of high gas pressure if rising volatile-charged magma is trapped beneath it, and this can sometime... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Examples of volcanic plugs-Africa Near the village of Rhumsiki in the Far North Province of Cameroon, Kapsiki Peak is an example of a volcanic plug and is one of the most photographed parts of the Mandara Mountains. Spectacular volcanic plugs are present in the center of La Gomera island in the Canary Isl... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Examples of volcanic plugs-Saint Michel d'Aiguilhe chapel, whose construction started in 969, near Le Puy-en-Velay in France. The volcanic plug rises about 85 metres (279 ft) above the surroundings. Another building on a volcanic plug is the 14th century Trosky Castle in the Czech Republic. Strombolicchio... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Examples of volcanic plugs-In the United Kingdom, two examples of a building on a volcanic plug are the Castle Rock in Edinburgh, Scotland, and Deganwy Castle, Wales. The Law, Dundee, Ailsa Craig, Bass Rock, North Berwick Law and Dumgoyne hill are other examples of volcanic plugs located in Scotland. Ther... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Examples of volcanic plugs-North America and the Caribbean There are several volcanic plugs in the United States, including Morro Rock in California, Devils Elbow located in the Heceta Head Lighthouse Scenic State Park on the Oregon coast, Thumb Butte in the Sierra Prieta of Arizona, and Shiprock in New M... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Volcanic plug-Examples of volcanic plugs-Oceania There are several volcanic plugs in the North Island of New Zealand, including: the Pinnacles in the Coromandel Peninsula Bream Head in Northland Paritutu and the adjacent Sugar Loaf Islands in Taranaki St. Paul's Rock at Whangaroa Harbour Piha's Lion Rock, which hosted ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bayesian econometrics-Bayesian econometrics-Bayesian econometrics is a branch of econometrics which applies Bayesian principles to economic modelling. Bayesianism is based on a degree-of-belief interpretation of probability, as opposed to a relative-frequency interpretation.
The Bayesian principle relies on Bayes' theo... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bayesian econometrics-Basics-Subjective probabilities have to satisfy the standard axioms of probability theory if one wishes to avoid losing a bet regardless of the outcome. Before the data is observed, the parameter θ is regarded as an unknown quantity and thus random variable, which is assigned a prior distribution... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bayesian econometrics-Basics-The assumed form of the likelihood function is part of the prior information and has to be justified. Different distributional assumptions can be compared using posterior odds ratios if a priori grounds fail to provide a clear choice. Commonly assumed forms include the beta distribution, th... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bayesian econometrics-History-The ideas underlying Bayesian statistics were developed by Rev. Thomas Bayes during the 18th century and later expanded by Pierre-Simon Laplace. As early as 1950, the potential of the Bayesian inference in econometrics was recognized by Jacob Marschak. The Bayesian approach was first appli... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Bayesian econometrics-Current research topics-Since the beginning of the 21st century, research in Bayesian econometrics has concentrated on: sampling methods suitable for parallelization and GPU calculations; complex economic models accounting for nonlinear effects and complete predictive densities; analysis of implie... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-The Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) is an obsolete method for implementing virtual private networks. PPTP has many well known security issues. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-PPTP uses a TCP control channel and a Generic Routing Encapsulation tunnel to encapsulate PPP packets. Many modern VPNs use various forms of UDP for this same functionality. The PPTP specification does not describe encryption or authentication feature... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-History-A specification for PPTP was published in July 1999 as RFC 2637 and was developed by a vendor consortium formed by Microsoft, Ascend Communications (today part of Nokia), 3Com, and others. PPTP has not been proposed nor ratified as a standard by the Internet Engineering Task F... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Description-A PPTP tunnel is instantiated by communication to the peer on TCP port 1723. This TCP connection is then used to initiate and manage a GRE tunnel to the same peer. The PPTP GRE packet format is non standard, including a new acknowledgement number field replacing the typical... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Description-In the Microsoft implementation, the tunneled PPP traffic can be authenticated with PAP, CHAP, MS-CHAP v1/v2 . | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Security-PPTP has been the subject of many security analyses and serious security vulnerabilities have been found in the protocol. The known vulnerabilities relate to the underlying PPP authentication protocols used, the design of the MPPE protocol as well as the integration between MP... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Security-When using MS-CHAP-v1, MPPE uses the same RC4 session key for encryption in both directions of the communication flow. This can be cryptanalysed with standard methods by XORing the streams from each direction together.
MS-CHAP-v2 is vulnerable to dictionary attacks on the capt... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol-Security-MPPE uses the RC4 stream cipher for encryption. There is no method for authentication of the ciphertext stream and therefore the ciphertext is vulnerable to a bit-flipping attack. An attacker could modify the stream in transit and adjust single bits to change the output stream... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-USB flash drive security-Secure USB flash drives protect the data stored on them from access by unauthorized users. USB flash drive products have been on the market since 2000, and their use is increasing exponentially. As both consumers and businesses have increased demand for these drives, ma... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-USB flash drive security-Companies in particular are at risk when sensitive data are stored on unsecured USB flash drives by employees who use the devices to transport data outside the office. The consequences of losing drives loaded with such information can be significant, including the loss ... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-USB flash drives pose two major challenges to information system security: data leakage owing to their small size and ubiquity and system compromise through infections from computer viruses, malware and spyware. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-Data leakage The large storage capacity of USB flash drives relative to their small size and low cost means that using them for data storage without adequate operational and logical controls may pose a serious threat to information availability, confidentiality and i... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-Usage: tracking corporate data stored on personal flash drives is a significant challenge; the drives are small, common and constantly moving. While many enterprises have strict management policies toward USB drives and some companies ban them outright to minimize ri... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-Malware infections In the early days of computer viruses, malware, and spyware, the primary means of transmission and infection was the floppy disk. Today, USB flash drives perform the same data and software storage and transfer role as the floppy disk, often used to... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-The prevalence of malware infection by means of USB flash drive was documented in a 2011 Microsoft study analyzing data from more than 600 million systems worldwide in the first half of 2011. The study found that 26 percent of all malware infections of Windows system... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Major dangers of USB drives-Examples of malware spread by USB flash drives include: The Duqu collection of computer malware.
The Flame modular computer malware.
The Stuxnet malicious computer worm. | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-Since the security of the physical drive cannot be guaranteed without compromising the benefits of portability, security measures are primarily devoted to making the data on a compromised drive inaccessible to unauthorized users and unauthorized processes, such as may be executed by m... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-Software encryption Software solutions such as BitLocker, DiskCryptor and the popular VeraCrypt allow the contents of a USB drive to be encrypted automatically and transparently. Also, Windows 7 Enterprise, Windows 7 Ultimate and Windows Server 2008 R2 provide USB drive encryption usi... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-Hardware encryption Some USB drives utilize hardware encryption in which microchips within the USB drive provide automatic and transparent encryption. Some manufacturers offer drives that require a pin code to be entered into a physical keypad on the device before allowing access to t... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-Hardware systems may offer additional features, such as the ability to automatically overwrite the contents of the drive if the wrong password is entered more than a certain number of times. This type of functionality cannot be provided by a software system since the encrypted data ca... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-As the encryption keys used in hardware encryption are typically never stored in the computer's memory, technically hardware solutions are less subject to "cold boot" attacks than software-based systems. In reality however, "cold boot" attacks pose little (if any) threat, assuming bas... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Solutions-Compromised systems The security of encrypted flash drives is constantly tested by individual hackers as well as professional security firms. At times (as in January 2010) flash drives that have been positioned as secure were found to have been poorly designed such that they provide l... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
USB flash drive security-Remote management-In commercial environments, where most secure USB drives are used, a central/remote management system may provide organizations with an additional level of IT asset control, significantly reducing the risks of a harmful data breach. This can include initial user deployment and... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
Production equipment control-Production equipment control-Production equipment control involves production equipment that resides in the shop floor of a manufacturing company and its purpose is to produce goods of a wanted quality when provided with production resources of a required quality. In modern production lines... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
PIN proteins-PIN proteins-PIN proteins are integral membrane proteins in plants that transport the anionic form of the hormone auxin across membranes. Most of the PIN proteins (e.g. PIN1/2/3/4/7 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana) localize at the plasma membrane (PM) where they serve as secondary active transporte... | milkshake721/2.1M-wiki-STEM |
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