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"Device file-Overview-There are two general kinds of device files in Unix-like operating systems, known as character special files and block special files. The difference between them lies in how much data is read and written by the operating system and hardware. These together can be called device special files in con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"General linear model-General linear model-The errors are usually assumed to be uncorrelated across measurements, and follow a multivariate normal distribution. If the errors do not follow a multivariate normal distribution, generalized linear models may be used to relax assumptions about Y and U.\nThe general linear m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood control-Non-structural methods-Stakeholder engagement Stakeholder engagement is a useful tool for flood risk management that allows enhanced public engagement for agreements to be reached on policy discussions. Different management considerations can be taken into account including emergency management and disas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reed\u2013Muller code-Description using a generator matrix-We define in N-dimensional space F2N the indicator vectors IA\u2208F2N on subsets A\u2282X by: if otherwise together with, also in F2N , the binary operation w\u2227z=(w1\u22c5z1,\u2026,wN\u22c5zN), referred to as the wedge product (not to be confused with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OSEK-OSEK Functioning-The OSEK standard specifies interfaces to multitasking functions\u2014generic I/O and peripheral access\u2014and thus remains architecture dependent. OSEK is expected to run on microcontroller without memory management unit (MMU), which is favored for safety-critical systems such as cars, therefo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computation of cyclic redundancy checks-CRC variants-A similar solution can be applied at the end of the message, inverting the CRC register before it is appended to the message. Again, any non-zero change will do; inverting all the bits (XORing with an all-ones pattern) is simply the most common." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duality (optimization)-Nonlinear case-The dual function g is concave, even when the initial problem is not convex, because it is a point-wise infimum of affine functions. The dual function yields lower bounds on the optimal value p\u2217 of the initial problem; for any \u03bb\u22650 and any \u03bd we have g(\u03bb... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pseudometric space-Topology-The pseudometric topology is the topology generated by the open balls which form a basis for the topology. A topological space is said to be a pseudometrizable space if the space can be given a pseudometric such that the pseudometric topology coincides with the given topology on the space.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"History of compiler construction-Code generation-A code generator generates machine language instructions for the target processor.\nRegister allocation Sethi\u2013Ullman algorithm or Sethi\u2013Ullman numbering is a method to minimise the number of registers needed to hold variables." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Centipede game-Play-One possible version of a centipede game could be played as follows: Consider two players: Alice and Bob. Alice moves first. At the start of the game, Alice has two piles of coins in front of her: one pile contains 4 coins and the other pile contains 1 coin. Each player has two moves available: eit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"All-to-all (parallel pattern)-1-factor algorithm-Again, we consider a single-ported machine. A trivial algorithm, is to send (p-1) asynchronous messages into the network for each processor. The performance of this algorithm is poor, which is due to congestion arising because of the bisection width of the network. More... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Referential transparency-History-[\u2026] Referential transparency has to do with constructions (\u00a7 11); modes of containment, more specifically, of singular terms or sentences in singular terms or sentences. I call a mode of containment \u03c6 referentially transparent if, whenever an occurrence of a singular ter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Locally decodable code-Overview-More formally, a (q,\u03b4,\u03f5) -locally decodable code encodes an n -bit message x to an N -bit codeword C(x) such that any bit xi of the message can be recovered with probability 1\u2212\u03f5 by using a randomized decoding algorithm that queries only q bits of the codeword... | large_corpus_distillation |
P(D|H)P(H) ; P(H|D) is known as the posterior which is the recalculated probability, or updated belief about the hypothesis. It is a result of the prior beliefs as well as sample information. The posterior is a conditional distribution as the result of collecting or in consideration of new relevant data." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stationary process-Stationary process-In mathematics and statistics, a stationary process (or a strict/strictly stationary process or strong/strongly stationary process) is a stochastic process whose unconditional joint probability distribution does not change when shifted in time. Consequently, parameters such as mea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jacobi method-Convergence-The standard convergence condition (for any iterative method) is when the spectral radius of the iteration matrix is less than 1: 1.\nA sufficient (but not necessary) condition for the method to converge is that the matrix A is strictly or irreducibly diagonally dominant. Strict row diagonal ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Resource fork-Resource fork-A resource fork stores information in a specific form, containing details such as icon bitmaps, the shapes of windows, definitions of menus and their contents, and application code (machine code). For example, a word processing file might store its text in the data fork, while storing any e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interference freedom-Dijkstra's Principle of non-interference-Now consider concurrent programming with shared variables. The specs of two (or more) processes S1 and S2 are given in terms of their pre- and post-conditions, and we assume that implementations of S1 and S2 are given that satisfy their specs. But when exec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fold (higher-order function)-On lists-Folds for non-empty lists Evaluation order considerations In the presence of lazy, or non-strict evaluation, foldr will immediately return the application of f to the head of the list and the recursive case of folding over the rest of the list. Thus, if f is able to produce some p... | large_corpus_distillation |
simple values to be immediately presented to the processor without the need to follow a pointer to the physical location, which saved memory and improved performance.Because the top two bits of the 40-bit pointer were used for status flags, Objekt could only identify 238 objects in total. Since the objects were constan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hadamard matrix-Sylvester's construction-Alternative construction If we map the elements of the Hadamard matrix using the group homomorphism {1,\u22121,\u00d7}\u21a6{0,1,\u2295} , we can describe an alternative construction of Sylvester's Hadamard matrix. First consider the matrix Fn , the n\u00d72n matrix whose co... | large_corpus_distillation |
isotopes. There is no Earthly mean number. These elements show the interval notation: Ar\u00b0(Tl) = [204.38, 204.39]. For practical reasons, a simplified 'conventional' number is published too (for Tl: 204.38).These three uncertainties are accumulative. The published value is a result of all these." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic unit-Definition-A system of elliptic units may be constructed for an elliptic curve E with complex multiplication by the ring of integers R of an imaginary quadratic field F. For simplicity we assume that F has class number one. Let a be an ideal of R with generator \u03b1. For a Weierstrass model of E, defin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stream cipher-Types-A stream cipher generates successive elements of the keystream based on an internal state. This state is updated in essentially two ways: if the state changes independently of the plaintext or ciphertext messages, the cipher is classified as a synchronous stream cipher. By contrast, self-synchronis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Odds-Statistical usage-Example #1 There are 5 pink marbles, 2 blue marbles, and 8 purple marbles. What are the odds in favor of picking a blue marble?Answer: The odds in favour of a blue marble are 2:13. One can equivalently say that the odds are 13:2 against. There are 2 out of 15 chances in favour of blue, 13 out of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Japaridze's polymodal logic-Provability semantics-Consider a sufficiently strong first-order theory T such as Peano Arithmetic PA. Define the series T0,T1,T2,... of theories as follows: T0 is T Tn+1 is the extension of Tn through the additional axioms \u2200xF(x) for each formula F(x) such that Tn proves all of the f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hardware random number generator-Uses-Cryptography The major use for hardware random number generators is in the field of data encryption, for example to create random cryptographic keys and nonces needed to encrypt and sign data. They are a more secure alternative to pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs), software p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inosculation-Conjoined trees-Two trees may grow to their mature size adjacent to each other and seemingly grow together or conjoin, demonstrating inosculation. These may be of the same species or even of different genera or families, depending on whether the two trees have become truly grafted together (once the cambi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Common filesystem features-Name-The full, non abbreviated, name of the filesystem itself." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subgradient method-Classical subgradient rules-Square summable but not summable step size, i.e. any step sizes satisfying Nonsummable diminishing, i.e. any step sizes satisfying Nonsummable diminishing step lengths, i.e. \u03b1k=\u03b3k/\u2016g(k)\u20162 , where For all five rules, the step-sizes are determined \"o... | large_corpus_distillation |
accuracy, the result cannot be rewritten in the form of expert rules that explain how and why an area was classified as that specific class. In contrast, the decision tree has a transparent model that can be understood easily, and the user can observe and fix the bias if any present in the model. If the computational p... | large_corpus_distillation |
number of iterations that occur. But generally the time complexity of this method is O(N2L) + O(NL2) where N is the number of sequences, and L is the length of the sequence." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Virtual printer-Functions-Typical uses of virtual printers include: Saving a document to another format such as a PDF or multi-page TIFF file.\nSending documents to a fax server.\nAllowing user to control certain aspects of printing not supported natively, such as printing multiple pages per sheet without border, prin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Azuma's inequality-A general form of Azuma's inequality-Limitation of the vanilla Azuma's inequality Note that the vanilla Azuma's inequality requires symmetric bounds on martingale increments, i.e. \u2212ct\u2264Xt\u2212Xt\u22121\u2264ct . So, if known bound is asymmetric, e.g. at\u2264Xt\u2212Xt\u22121\u2264bt , t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Moore's law-Other formulations and similar observations-Eroom's law \u2013 is a pharmaceutical drug development observation which was deliberately written as Moore's Law spelled backwards in order to contrast it with the exponential advancements of other forms of technology (such as transistors) over time. It states t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random walk-Lattice random walk-For some number p satisfying 0<p<1 , the transition probabilities (the probability Pi,j of moving from state i to state j) are given by Heterogeneous generalization The heterogeneous random walk draws in each time step a random number that determines the local jumping probabilities and... | large_corpus_distillation |
using automated story selection, but humans could add sources to its search engine, while the older Yahoo News, as of 2005, used a combination of automated news crawlers and human editors." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic number theory-Basic notions-An ideal which is prime in the ring of integers in one number field may fail to be prime when extended to a larger number field. Consider, for example, the prime numbers. The corresponding ideals pZ are prime ideals of the ring Z. However, when this ideal is extended to the Gaussi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loss function-Example-Quadratic loss function The use of a quadratic loss function is common, for example when using least squares techniques. It is often more mathematically tractable than other loss functions because of the properties of variances, as well as being symmetric: an error above the target causes the sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Division algorithm-Long division-Long division is the standard algorithm used for pen-and-paper division of multi-digit numbers expressed in decimal notation. It shifts gradually from the left to the right end of the dividend, subtracting the largest possible multiple of the divisor (at the digit level) at each stage;... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional sentence-Logic-While the material conditional operator used in classical logic is sometimes read aloud in the form of a conditional sentence, the intuitive interpretation of conditional statements in natural language does not always correspond to it. Thus, philosophical logicians and formal semanticists ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semantic translation-Semantic translation-Semantic translation should be differentiated from data mapping tools that do simple one-to-one translation of data from one system to another without actually associating meaning with each data element.\nSemantic translation requires that data elements in the source and desti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biased graph-Matroids-The rank of an edge set S is n \u2212 b, where n is the number of vertices of G and b is the number of balanced components of S, counting isolated vertices as balanced components.\nMinors of the frame matroid agree with minors of the biased graph; that is, M(\u03a9\u2212S) = M(\u03a9)\u2212S and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strip packing problem-Online algorithms-The quality of an online algorithm is measured by the (absolute) competitive ratio supIA(I)/OPT(I) where A(I) corresponds to the solution generated by the online algorithm and OPT(I) corresponds to the size of the optimal solution. In addition to the absolute competitive rati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Berlekamp's algorithm-Conceptual algebraic explanation-For the case of large primes, which are necessarily odd, one can exploit the fact that a random nonzero element of F p \u2217 {\\textstyle \\mathbb {F} _{p}^{*}} is a square with probability 1 / 2 {\\textstyle 1/2} , and that the map x \u2192 x p \u2212 1 2 {\\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Presentation layer-Description-Serialization of complex data structures into flat byte-strings (using mechanisms such as TLV, XML or JSON) can be thought of as the key functionality of the presentation layer. Structure representation is normally standardized at this level, often by using XML or JSON. As well as simple... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite field-Multiplicative structure-In a field of characteristic p, every (np)th root of unity is also a nth root of unity. It follows that primitive (np)th roots of unity never exist in a field of characteristic p." | large_corpus_distillation |
"DevOps toolchain-Stages of DevOps-Configure Configure activities fall under the operation side of DevOps. Once software is deployed, there may be additional IT infrastructure provisioning and configuration activities required. Specific activities including: Infrastructure storage, database and network provisioning an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consumer electronics-Health impact-Desktop monitors and laptops produce major physical health concerns for humans when bodies are forced into unhealthy and uncomfortable positions to see the screen better. From this, neck and back pains and problems increase, commonly referred to as repetitive strain injuries. Using e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Destructive dilemma-Natural language example-If it rains, we will stay inside.\nIf it is sunny, we will go for a walk.\nEither we will not stay inside, or we will not go for a walk, or both.\nTherefore, either it will not rain, or it will not be sunny, or both." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Uniformly hyperfinite algebra-Classification-If An\u2243Mkn(C), then rkn = kn + 1 for some integer r and \u03d5n(a)=a\u2297Ir, where Ir is the identity in the r \u00d7 r matrices. The sequence ...kn|kn + 1|kn + 2... determines a formal product \u03b4(A)=\u220fpptp where each p is prime and tp = sup {m | pm divides kn ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Central processing unit-Structure and implementation-All modern (fast) CPUs (with few specialized exceptions) have multiple levels of CPU caches. The first CPUs that used a cache had only one level of cache; unlike later level 1 caches, it was not split into L1d (for data) and L1i (for instructions). Almost all curren... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Planted clique-Algorithms-Large cliques For sufficiently large values of the parameter k, the planted clique problem can be solved (with high probability) in polynomial time.Ku\u010dera (1995) observes that, when log \u2061n) then almost surely all vertices of the planted clique have higher degree than all vertices o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Link prefetching-Popular sites using prefetching-Google is the most well-known website that takes advantage of this feature so as to improve the user experience. If the first hit is considered very probable to be the desired hit, it is assigned as a prefetchable link.\nSpecifically, Google implemented \"Google Instant... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quartic function-Solution-The above solution shows that a quartic polynomial with rational coefficients and a zero coefficient on the cubic term is factorable into quadratics with rational coefficients if and only if either the resolvent cubic (2) has a non-zero root which is the square of a rational, or p2 \u2212 4r ... | large_corpus_distillation |
WAH encodes in words, better matching current CPUs. \"On both synthetic data and real application data, the new word aligned schemes use only 50% more space, but perform logical operations on compressed data 12 times faster than BBC.\" PLWAH bitmaps were reported to take 50% of the storage space consumed by WAH bitmaps... | large_corpus_distillation |
the 101st barbeque dinner.\nCompare this to the actual revenue obtained from the sale of this dinner.\nSolution\nFirst, find the marginal revenue function: MR(x)=R\u2032(x)=\u22120.06x+9.\nNext,use R\u2032(100) toapproximate R(101)\u2212R(100), therevenueobtainedfromthesaleofthe101stdinner.\nSince R\u2032(100)=3, the r... | large_corpus_distillation |
a semi-Markov process model of the M/G/1 queueing system in which transitions occur\non departures from the queueing system and the state is the number of customers immediately following a departure.\na) Suppose a colleague has calculated the steady-state probabilities {p i } of being in state i for each i\u22650. For ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Four-square cipher-Algorithm-Decryption works the same way, but in reverse. The ciphertext digraph is split with the first character going into the upper-right matrix and the second character going into the lower-left matrix. The other corners of the rectangle are then located. These represent the plaintext digraph wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autokey cipher-Cryptanalysis-Autokey ciphers are somewhat more secure than polyalphabetic ciphers that use fixed keys since the key does not repeat within a single message. Therefore, methods like the Kasiski examination or index of coincidence analysis will not work on the ciphertext, unlike for similar ciphers that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kill file-Kill file-More advanced newsreader software like Gnus sometimes provides a more sophisticated form of filter known as scoring, where score files are maintained which use fuzzy logic to apply arbitrarily complex overlapping sets of rules to score articles up or down, with articles being properly killed (ignor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Busy waiting-Alternatives-Busy-waiting itself can be made much less wasteful by using a delay function (e.g., sleep()) found in most operating systems. This puts a thread to sleep for a specified time, during which the thread will waste no CPU time. If the loop is checking something simple then it will spend most of i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"'this'\n'thisthis'\nError\n'.' num\n345 2.345\nstr1 str2 count\n\"\\n\" count\nround()" | large_corpus_distillation |
(\u2212\u221e, \u221e). As x\u2192\u00b1\u221e, f(x)\u2192\u221e. Therefore, the function\ndoes not have a largest value. However, since x 2 +1\u22651 for all real numbers x and x 2 +1=1 when x=0, the\nfunctionhasasmallestvalue,1,when x=0. Wesaythat1istheabsoluteminimumof f(x)= x 2 +1 anditoccursat\nx=0. We say that f(... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pocklington's algorithm-Examples-The following are 4 examples, corresponding to the 3 different cases in which Pocklington divided forms of p. All \u2261 are taken with the modulus in the example.\nExample 0 43 mod 47 ).\nThis is the first case, according to the algorithm, 43 47 43 12 \u22612 , but then x2=22=4 not... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher mode of operation-Common modes-Example CBC has been the most commonly used mode of operation. Its main drawbacks are that encryption is sequential (i.e., it cannot be parallelized), and that the message must be padded to a multiple of the cipher block size. One way to handle this last issue is through the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance matrix-Covariance matrix-Intuitively, the covariance matrix generalizes the notion of variance to multiple dimensions. As an example, the variation in a collection of random points in two-dimensional space cannot be characterized fully by a single number, nor would the variances in the x and y directions ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bucket queue-Operation-Example For example, consider a bucket queue with four priorities, the numbers 0, 1, 2, and 3. It consists of an array A whose four cells each contain a collection of elements, initially empty. For the purposes of this example, A can be written as a bracketed sequence of four sets: A=[\u2205,... | large_corpus_distillation |
Comput. Intell. 10 (4): 486\u2013494. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.50.6982. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8640.1994.tb00011.x. S2CID 5873640.\nLange, Martin; Lei\u00df, Hans (2009). \"To CNF or not to CNF? An Efficient Yet Presentable Version of the CYK Algorithm\". Informatica Didactica. 8.\nLee, Lillian (2002). \"Fast context-free grammar ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hilbert\u2013Bernays provability conditions-Use in proving G\u00f6del's incompleteness theorems-The second part of the proof no longer uses \u03c9-consistency, and is changed to the following: Suppose T could have proven \u00ac\u03c1 . We then would have the following theorems in T: T\u22a9\u00ac\u03c1 T\u22a9ProvR(#... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Language acquisition-General approaches-Generative grammar, associated especially with the work of Noam Chomsky, is currently one of the approaches to explaining children's acquisition of syntax. Its leading idea is that human biology imposes narrow constraints on the child's \"hypothesis space\" during language acqui... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Metrical phonology-Metrical parameters-Left-to-right vs. right-to-left: In a left-to-right language metrical trees are constructed starting at the left edge of the word, while in a right-to-left language, they start at the right edge of the word.\nQuantity-sensitive vs. quantity-insensitive: In a quantity-sensitive la... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cepstral mean and variance normalization-Cepstral Normalization Techniques-There are multiple algorithms that achieve Cepstral Normalization in different ways." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher mode of operation-Common modes-Explicit initialization vectors takes advantage of this property by prepending a single random block to the plaintext. Encryption is done as normal, except the IV does not need to be communicated to the decryption routine. Whatever IV decryption uses, only the random block i... | large_corpus_distillation |
.\nX a Y =eX\u22121\n1. If has the basic Gompertz distribution with shape parameter , then has the exponential distribution with\na\nrate parameter .\nY a X=ln(Y +1)\n2. If has the exponential distribution with rate parameter , then has the Gompertz distribution with shape\na\nparameter .\nProof\nThese results follow f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word (group theory)-Reduced words-Any word in which a generator appears next to its own inverse (xx\u22121 or x\u22121x) can be simplified by omitting the redundant pair: y\u22121zxx\u22121y\u27f6y\u22121zy.\nThis operation is known as reduction, and it does not change the group element represented by the word. Reduct... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Amazon Drive-Storage Plans-Prime Photos The Prime Photos plan offers unlimited storage for photos and RAW files, and a 5 gigabytes of storage for videos and other files. Photos can be uploaded to Amazon Drive with iOS or Android apps, Kindle device, or the Cloud Drive website. Additionally, users of Kindle Fire tablet... | large_corpus_distillation |
"O(n) scheduler-Algorithm-This scheduler divides processor time into epochs. Within each epoch, every task can execute up to its time slice. If a task does not use all of its time slice, then the scheduler adds half of the remaining time slice to allow it to execute longer in the next epoch." | large_corpus_distillation |
to wTBw=1 max max w(wTAw\u2212\u03bbwTBw) equating first derivative to zero and we will have: Aw=\u03bbBw which is an instance of Generalized Eigenvalue Problem (GEP).\nThe GEP has the form: Aw=\u03bbBw for any pair (w,\u03bb) that is a solution to above equation, w is called a generalized eigenvector and \u03bb is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Presentation of a group-Presentation of a group-As a simple example, the cyclic group of order n has the presentation \u27e8a\u2223an=1\u27e9, where 1 is the group identity. This may be written equivalently as \u27e8a\u2223an\u27e9, thanks to the convention that terms that do not include an equals sign are taken to be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mg (text editor)-Mg (text editor)-mg, originally called MicroGnuEmacs (and later changed at the request of Richard Stallman), is a public-domain text editor that runs on Unix-like operating systems. It is based on MicroEMACS, but intended to more closely resemble GNU Emacs while still maintaining a small memory footpr... | large_corpus_distillation |
and near-fields instead of rings and division rings. The operations are usually defined to be distributive on the right but not on the left." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer complexity-Example-For instance, the number 11 may be represented using eight ones: 11 = (1 + 1 + 1) \u00d7 (1 + 1 + 1) + 1 + 1.However, it has no representation using seven or fewer ones. Therefore, its complexity is eight." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Martingale (betting system)-Alternative mathematical analysis-In reality, the odds of a streak of 6 losses in a row are much higher than many people intuitively believe. Psychological studies have shown that since people know that the odds of losing 6 times in a row out of 6 plays are low, they incorrectly assume that... | large_corpus_distillation |
except the artificial edge u\u2212v .whenever an edge is processed in the procedure, one of its endpoints drops by one level. Since the lowest level a vertex can reach in runs which are terminated by process B is |V|\u22121 , the cost per edge is bounded by 2|V| . Hence the amortized time per deletion operation is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the personal identity of the user. When the developer wishes to send a notification event to a device, the process begins with an API POST request being sent to the GCM Authentication Service. The POST request includes the GCM Registration ID, priority, optional values and links, and the information that is to be displ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Punctuation-In English-There are two major styles of punctuation in English: British or American. These two styles differ mainly in the way in which they handle quotation marks, particularly in conjunction with other punctuation marks. In British English, punctuation marks such as full stops and commas are placed insi... | large_corpus_distillation |
it's important to note that linear regression is a much more powerful idea than might first appear, and in fact the term linear can be a bit misleading. By applying\nvarious transformations to y or x or both, we can fit a variety of two-parameter curves to the given data ((x 1 ,y 1 ),(x 2 ,y 2 ),\u2026,(x n ,y n )). So... | large_corpus_distillation |
"High-level language computer architecture-Alternatives-In computer architecture, the RISC approach has proven very popular and successful instead, and is opposite from HLLCAs, emphasizing a very simple instruction set architecture. However, the speed advantages of RISC computers in the 1980s was primarily due to early... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic encryption-Partially homomorphic cryptosystems-In the following examples, the notation E(x) is used to denote the encryption of the message x Unpadded RSA If the RSA public key has modulus n and encryption exponent e , then the encryption of a message m is given by mod n . The homomorphic property is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reed\u2013Solomon error correction-History-Also in 1960, a practical fixed polynomial decoder for BCH codes developed by Daniel Gorenstein and Neal Zierler was described in an MIT Lincoln Laboratory report by Zierler in January 1960 and later in a paper in June 1961. The Gorenstein\u2013Zierler decoder and the related... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Confidence and prediction bands-Confidence and prediction bands-Confidence bands are closely related to confidence intervals, which represent the uncertainty in an estimate of a single numerical value. \"As confidence intervals, by construction, only refer to a single point, they are narrower (at this point) than a co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Categorical variable-Categorical variables and regression-The construction of contrast codes is restricted by three rules: The sum of the contrast coefficients per each code variable must equal zero.\nThe difference between the sum of the positive coefficients and the sum of the negative coefficients should equal 1.\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ACM Conference on Hypertext and Social Media-Dataset-There is a public dataset available of all of the submissions to the first 33 conferences." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exploratory factor analysis-Selecting the appropriate number of factors-Root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) fit index: RMSEA is an estimate of the discrepancy between the model and the data per degree of freedom for the model. Values less that .05 constitute good fit, values between 0.05 and 0.08 constitut... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Useful conversions and formulas for air dispersion modeling-Standard conditions for gas volumes-A normal cubic meter (Nm3 ) is the metric expression of gas volume at standard conditions and it is usually (but not always) defined as being measured at 0 \u00b0C and 1 atmosphere of pressure.\nA standard cubic foot (scf) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Buffer overflow protection-Tagging-Tagging is a compiler-based or hardware-based (requiring a tagged architecture) technique for tagging the type of a piece of data in memory, used mainly for type checking. By marking certain areas of memory as non-executable, it effectively prevents memory allocated to store data fro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Git-Conventions-The git-flow workflow and naming conventions are often adopted to distinguish feature specific unstable histories (feature/*), unstable shared histories (develop), production ready histories (main), and emergency patches to released products (hotfix)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Supervised learning-Algorithm choice-Noise in the output values A fourth issue is the degree of noise in the desired output values (the supervisory target variables). If the desired output values are often incorrect (because of human error or sensor errors), then the learning algorithm should not attempt to find a fun... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin covering problem-Related problems-In the fair item allocation problem, there are different people each of whom attributes a different value to each item. The goal is to allocate to each person a \"bin\" full of items, such that the value of each bin is at least a certain constant, and as many people as possible re... | large_corpus_distillation |
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