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"Elasticity (cloud computing)-Problems-Monitoring elastic applications Elastic applications can allocate and deallocate resources (such as VMs) on demand for specific application components. This makes cloud resources volatile, and traditional monitoring tools which associate monitoring data with a particular resource ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer-valued polynomial-Fixed prime divisors-In questions of prime number theory, such as Schinzel's hypothesis H and the Bateman\u2013Horn conjecture, it is a matter of basic importance to understand the case when P has no fixed prime divisor (this has been called Bunyakovsky's property, after Viktor Bunyakovsky). ... | large_corpus_distillation |
code.\nRecord dot syntax. Provides syntactic sugar for accessing the fields of a (potentially nested) record which is similar to the syntax of many other programming languages.\nType system extensions An expressive static type system is one of the major defining features of Haskell. Accordingly, much of the work in ext... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Survival analysis-Introduction to survival analysis-se(coef) = 0.265 is the standard error of the log hazard ratio.\nz = 2.5 = coef/se(coef) = 0.662/0.265. Dividing the coef by its standard error gives the z score.\np=0.013. The p-value corresponding to z=2.5 for sex is p=0.013, indicating that there is a significant ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Higman\u2013Sims asymptotic formula-Higman\u2013Sims asymptotic formula-In finite group theory, the Higman\u2013Sims asymptotic formula gives an asymptotic estimate on number of groups of prime power order." | large_corpus_distillation |
"CPU multiplier-Clock doubling-Examples of clock-doubled CPUs include: the Intel 80486DX2, which ran at 50 or 66 MHz on a 25 or 33 MHz bus the Weitek SPARC POWER \u00b5P, a clock-doubled 80 MHz version of the SPARC processor that one could drop into the otherwise 40 MHz SPARCStation 2In both these cases the overall spe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autonomous convergence theorem-Autonomous convergence theorem-In mathematics, an autonomous convergence theorem is one of a family of related theorems which specify conditions guaranteeing global asymptotic stability of a continuous autonomous dynamical system." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tomasulo's algorithm-Applications and legacy-Tomasulo's algorithm, outside of IBM, was unused for several years after its implementation in the System/360 Model 91 architecture. However, it saw a vast increase in usage during the 1990s for 3 reasons: Once caches became commonplace, the Tomasulo algorithm's ability to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information theory and measure theory-Entropy as a \"measure\"-There is an analogy between Shannon's basic \"measures\" of the information content of random variables and a measure over sets. Namely the joint entropy, conditional entropy, and mutual information can be considered as the measure of a set union, set diff... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix factorization (recommender systems)-Techniques-The predicted ratings can be computed as R~=HW , where R~\u2208Rusers\u00d7items is the user-item rating matrix, H\u2208Rusers\u00d7latentfactors contains the user's latent factors and W\u2208Rlatentfactors\u00d7items the item's latent factors." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Schnorr signature-Algorithm-Security argument The signature scheme was constructed by applying the Fiat\u2013Shamir transformation to Schnorr's identification protocol. Therefore, (as per Fiat and Shamir's arguments), it is secure if H is modeled as a random oracle.\nIts security can also be argued in the generic gro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OpenCitations-Datasets-OpenCitations Corpus The OpenCitations Corpus (OCC) is an open repository of scholarly citation data. The repository is released under the CC0 public domain to ensure that the scholarly citation data is open to all.As of March 19, 2022, the OCC has ingested the references from 326,743 citing bib... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2.3: Extension of Codes\nMany codes are designed by humans. Sometimes codes are amazingly robust, simple, easy to work with, and extendable.\nSometimes they are fragile, arcane, complex, and defy even the simplest generalization. Often a simple, practical code is developed\nfor representing a small number of items, an... | large_corpus_distillation |
a prime ideal. The geometric interpretation of this result is that the zeros of fg form an affine algebraic set that is not irreducible (that is, not an algebraic variety) in general. The only case where this algebraic set may be irreducible is when fg is a power of an irreducible polynomial, which defines the same alg... | large_corpus_distillation |
one can take the entropy as defined by the H-theorem." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tuple relational calculus-Definition of the calculus-Atoms For the construction of the formulas we will assume an infinite set V of tuple variables. The formulas are defined given a database schema S = (D, R, h) and a partial function type : V \u21f8 2C, called at type assignment, that assigns headers to some tuple va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuous delivery-Continuous delivery-Continuous delivery contrasts with continuous deployment (also abbreviated CD), a similar approach in which software is also produced in short cycles but through automated deployments even to production rather than requiring a \"click of a button\" for that last step.:\u200a52\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weak B\u00fcchi automaton-Weak B\u00fcchi automaton-In computer science and automata theory, a Weak B\u00fcchi automaton is a formalism which represents a set of infinite words. A Weak B\u00fcchi automaton is a modification of B\u00fcchi automaton such that for all pair of states q and q\u2032 belonging to the same ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random variate-Definition-Devroye defines a random variate generation algorithm (for real numbers) as follows: Assume that Computers can manipulate real numbers.\nComputers have access to a source of random variates that are uniformly distributed on the closed interval [0,1]." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized geography-Introduction-Graph model To visualize the game, a directed graph can be constructed whose nodes are each cities of the world. An arrow is added from node N1 to node N2 if and only if the city labeling N2 starts with the letter that ending the name of the city labeling node N1. In other words, we ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LU reduction-Sources-J. Oliver, J. Guitart, E. Ayguad\u00e9, N. Navarro and J. Torres. Strategies for Efficient Exploitation of Loop-level Parallelism in Java. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience(Java Grande 2000 Special Issue), Vol.13 (8-9), pp. 663\u2013680. ISSN 1532-0634, July 2001, [1], last retr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Viscosity solution-Basic properties-The stability of solutions in L\u221e holds as follows: a locally uniform limit of a sequence of solutions (or subsolutions, or supersolutions) is a solution (or subsolution, or supersolution). More generally, the notions of viscosity sub- and supersolution are also conserved by ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Twelvefold way-Formulas-Example: , then |{{a,a},{a,b},{a,c},{b,b},{b,c},{c,c}}|=32\u00af2!=4\u00d732=6 Surjective functions from N to X, up to a permutation of N This case is equivalent to counting multisets with n elements from X, for which each element of X occurs at least once. This is also equivalent to counting ... | large_corpus_distillation |
The probability of the output y=1 is given by qy=1=y^\u2261g(w\u22c5x)=11+e\u2212w\u22c5x, where the vector of weights w is optimized through some appropriate algorithm such as gradient descent. Similarly, the complementary probability of finding the output y=0 is simply given by qy=0=1\u2212y^ Having set up our not... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer factorization-Integer factorization-When the numbers are sufficiently large, no efficient non-quantum integer factorization algorithm is known. However, it has not been proven that such an algorithm does not exist. The presumed difficulty of this problem is important for the algorithms used in cryptography suc... | large_corpus_distillation |
the order of the curried arguments (i.e., \u2200\u03b1.(\u03b1\u2192\u03b1)\u2192\u03b1\u2192\u03b1 ), then the Church numeral for n is a function that takes a function f as argument and returns the nth power of f. That is to say, a Church numeral is a higher-order function \u2013 it takes a single-argument function f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic label placement-Divide-and-conquer algorithms-One simple optimization that is important on real maps is dividing a set of labels into smaller sets that can be solved independently. Two labels are rivals if they can overlap in one of the possible placements. Transitive closure of this relation divides the set... | large_corpus_distillation |
descent in a function space using a convex cost function." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java Native Access-Example-The following program loads the local C standard library implementation and uses it to call the printf function.\nNote: The following code is portable and works the same on Windows and POSIX (Linux / Unix / macOS) platforms.\nThe following program loads the C POSIX library and uses it to cal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"R10000-Description-The floating-point register file contains sixty-four 64-bit registers, of which thirty-two are architectural and the remaining are rename registers.\nThe adder has its own dedicated read and write ports, whereas the multiplier shares its with the divider and square root unit." | large_corpus_distillation |
protocol. Pass showed that in the common reference string model non-interactive zero-knowledge protocols do not preserve all of the properties of interactive zero-knowledge protocols; e.g., they do not preserve deniability. Non-interactive zero-knowledge proofs can also be obtained in the random oracle model using the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Attribute hierarchy method-Cognitive model representation-Similar to the A matrix, each row and column in the matrix represents one attribute; the first row and column represents attribute A1 and the last row and column represents attribute A9. The first attribute is either directly or indirectly connected to all attr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fluent interface-Examples-This creates a lot of code and makes it difficult to see what exactly is happening here. The Packer class provides a fluent mechanism, so you would instead write: There are many places where fluent APIs can simplify how software is written and help create an API language that helps users be m... | large_corpus_distillation |
a less drastic mechanism, described above, that maintained the validity of Barton and Nackman's technique. It is worth noting that, as a consequence of this change, the expression ::operator==(v1,v2) is no longer valid, because qualified names aren't subject to ADL and friend declarations aren't found via ordinary look... | large_corpus_distillation |
transformations will be defined on the compactification of A.)Given a primitive idempotent e in E with Peirce decomposition E=E1(e)\u2295E1/2(e)\u2295E0(e),A=A1(e)\u2295A1/2(e)\u2295A0(e)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automated information systems security-Risk management-Cryptography Information security uses cryptography to transform usable information into a form that renders it unusable by anyone other than an authorized user; this process is called encryption. Information that has been encrypted (rendered unusable) can be tran... | large_corpus_distillation |
purposes. The Crowd Research Partners study, published in 2017, reports that during 2017, most businesses that mandated the use of mobile devices were subjected to malware attacks and breaches. It has become common for rogue applications to be installed on user devices without the user's permission. They breach privacy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Robinson\u2013Foulds metric-Properties-Algorithms for computing the metric In 1985 Day gave an algorithm based on perfect hashing that computes this distance that has only a linear complexity in the number of nodes in the trees. A randomized algorithm that uses hash tables that are not necessarily perfect has been sho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed morphology-Morphological operations-Local dislocation String-adjacent Vocabulary items may undergo Local Dislocation, in which the two items form a unit, with reversed linear order. Embick and Noyer (2001) suggest that linearization takes place at Vocabulary Insertion. At this point it is possible to reord... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Red\u2013black tree-Parallel algorithms-The steps 3 to 5 will be repeated on the new subsequences until S is empty. At this point every element \u2208I has been inserted. Each application of these steps is called a stage. Since the length of the subsequences in S is \u2208O(|I|) and in every stage the subsequences... | large_corpus_distillation |
commitment score of 500, which uses the following formula:PrelimScore = SUM(Reputation >= 200 ? 0.233 * ln(Reputation-101) - 0.75 : 0) + 1.5 UserScore = PrelimScore * 0.9 ^ (DAYS / 180)Beta: A live test version of this site is tested out, in two steps.Private Beta:If the concept receives 100% commitment (reaches the re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chinese postman problem-Variants-The Mixed Chinese postman problem: for this problem, some of the edges may be directed and can therefore only be visited from one direction. When the problem calls for a minimal traversal of a digraph (or multidigraph) it is known as the \"New York Street Sweeper problem.\" The k-Chine... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apriori algorithm-Examples-Example 2 Assume that a large supermarket tracks sales data by stock-keeping unit (SKU) for each item: each item, such as \"butter\" or \"bread\", is identified by a numerical SKU. The supermarket has a database of transactions where each transaction is a set of SKUs that were bought togethe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Krauss wildcard-matching algorithm-Usage-Pattern matching operations The algorithm supports three pattern matching operations: A one-to-one match is performed between the pattern and the source to be checked for a match, with the exception of asterisk (*) or question mark (?) characters in the pattern.\nAn asterisk (*... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sampling bias-Sampling bias-In statistics, sampling bias is a bias in which a sample is collected in such a way that some members of the intended population have a lower or higher sampling probability than others. It results in a biased sample of a population (or non-human factors) in which all individuals, or instanc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"21 (drinking game)-Additional rules-Variations on the standard rules include: Prohibiting three players calling single numbers in a row.\n\"Doubling a double\" - prohibits saying two numbers after two numbers.\n\"Tripling a triple\" - prohibits either saying three numbers after three numbers, or after 2 sets of three ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regular language-Generalizations-Rational set generalizes the notion (of regular/rational language) to monoids that are not necessarily free. Likewise, the notion of a recognizable language (by a finite automaton) has namesake as recognizable set over a monoid that is not necessarily free. Howard Straubing notes in re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cantor's diagonal argument-Uncountable set-Instead of mapping 0111... to the decimal 0.0111..., it can be mapped to the base b number: 0.0111...b. This leads to the family of functions: fb\u200a(t) = 0.tb. The functions f\u200ab(t) are injections, except for f\u200a2(t). This function will be modified to produce a bij... | large_corpus_distillation |
"VESA Local Bus-Limitations-Limited scalability As bus speeds of 486 systems increased, VLB stability became increasingly difficult to manage. The tightly coupled local bus design that gives VLB its speed became increasingly intolerant of timing variations, notably past 40 MHz. Intel's original 50 MHz 486 processor fac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subtraction of Vectors\nBefore explaining how to subtract vectors, we will first explain what is meant by the \u201cnegative of a vector.\u201d This works similarly to the negative of a real\nnumber. For example, we know that when we add \u22123 to 3, the result is 0. That is, 3+(\u22123)=0\nWe want something similar ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and are harder to implement, but they usually converge faster." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random forest-Random forest-Random forests or random decision forests is an ensemble learning method for classification, regression and other tasks that operates by constructing a multitude of decision trees at training time. For classification tasks, the output of the random forest is the class selected by most trees... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Emoticon-Unicode-The Emoticons block was introduced in Unicode Standard version 6.0 (published in October 2010) and extended by 7.0. It covers Unicode range from U+1F600 to U+1F64F fully.\nAfter that block had been filled, Unicode 8.0 (2015), 9.0 (2016) and 10.0 (2017) added additional emoticons in the range from U+1F... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Single point of failure-Computing-Software engineering In software engineering, a bottleneck occurs when the capacity of an application or a computer system is limited by a single component. The bottleneck has lowest throughput of all parts of the transaction path." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cardinal number-History-Cantor proved that any unbounded subset of N has the same cardinality as N, even though this might appear to run contrary to intuition. He also proved that the set of all ordered pairs of natural numbers is denumerable; this implies that the set of all rational numbers is also denumerable, sinc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wireless lock-Critics-Major advantage with wireless locking comes with automating log-off. Hence common lacking of caution by mobile users may be entirely compensated. Automatic wireless authentication factors do not require any handling. The only requirement to the user just to wear a token without any keying is unsu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group 4 element-Group 4 element-As is typical for early transition metals, zirconium and hafnium have only the group oxidation state of +4 as a major one, and are quite electropositive and have a less rich coordination chemistry. Due to the effects of the lanthanide contraction, they are very similar in properties. Ti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile usability engineering-Methods-Throughout the usability engineering phase in agile development, users work with the product or service in order to provide feedback, problem reports and new requirements to the developers. The process is done interactively with focus directed first on basic functionality and later ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack buffer overflow-Protection schemes-Bypass countermeasures The previous mitigations make the steps of the exploitation harder. But it is still possible to exploit a stack buffer overflow if some vulnerabilities are presents or if some conditions are met.\nStack canary bypass Information leak with format string vu... | large_corpus_distillation |
penalty of microcoded execution.\nAnalysis shows complex instructions are rarely used, hence the machine resources devoted to them are largely wasted.\nThe machine resources devoted to rarely used complex instructions are better used for expediting performance of simpler, commonly used instructions." | large_corpus_distillation |
price changes. In Exchange execution mode, the order is processed by the external execution facility (the exchange). The trade is executed according to the current depth of market." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transfer matrix-Transfer matrix-In applied mathematics, the transfer matrix is a formulation in terms of a block-Toeplitz matrix of the two-scale equation, which characterizes refinable functions. Refinable functions play an important role in wavelet theory and finite element theory.\nFor the mask h , which is a vect... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SNOW-History-SNOW 1.0, originally simply SNOW, was submitted to the NESSIE project. The cipher has no known intellectual property or other restrictions. The cipher works on 32-bit words and supports both 128- and 256-bit keys. The cipher consists of a combination of a LFSR and a Finite State Machine (FSM) where the LF... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sonar-Active sonar-When active sonar is used to measure the distance from the transducer to the bottom, it is known as echo sounding. Similar methods may be used looking upward for wave measurement." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median of medians-Analysis-The key step is reducing the problem to selecting in two lists whose total length is shorter than the original list, plus a linear factor for the reduction step. This allows a simple induction to show that the overall running time is linear." | large_corpus_distillation |
mobile device both mobile App and mobile WEB are critical." | large_corpus_distillation |
formal verification, and static analysis. [1] Code reviews involve checking the code to ensure that it conforms to industry-accepted standards and best practices. This includes checking for code quality, readability, and maintainability, as well as identifying potential vulnerabilities or security issues.[2] Formal ver... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Suzuki sporadic group-Suzuki sporadic group-In the area of modern algebra known as group theory, the Suzuki group Suz or Sz is a sporadic simple group of order 213 \u00b7 37 \u00b7 52 \u00b7 7 \u00b7 11 \u00b7 13 = 448345497600 \u2248 4\u00d71011." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Balls into bins problem-Balls into bins problem-The balls into bins (or balanced allocations) problem is a classic problem in probability theory that has many applications in computer science. The problem involves m balls and n boxes (or \"bins\"). Each time, a single ball is placed into one of the bins. After all bal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adobe Acrobat-Security-September 2006 warning On September 13, 2006, David Kierznowski provided sample PDF files illustrating JavaScript vulnerabilities. Since at least version 6, JavaScript can be disabled using the preferences menu and embedded URLs that are launched are intercepted by a security warning dialog box ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Notation3-Examples-The following is an RDF model in standard XML notation: may be written in Notation3 like this: This N3 code above would also be in valid Turtle syntax." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lottery fraud-Lottery fraud-Several common techniques are used, including using a forged or altered lottery ticket to claim a prize, or presenting a genuine, stolen ticket to claim a prize through misrepresentation. There are also cases of insider fraud, where employees or agents involved in the lottery have exploited... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic programming-Examples: computer algorithms-(A\u00d7B)\u00d7C This order of matrix multiplication will require mnp + mps scalar calculations.Let us assume that m = 10, n = 100, p = 10 and s = 1000. So, the first way to multiply the chain will require 1,000,000 + 1,000,000 calculations. The second way will requir... | large_corpus_distillation |
the first n digits of S. The compression ratio (the limit inferior above) can always be made to equal 1 by the 1-state ILFSC that simply copies its input to the output.Schnorr and Stimm showed that no FSG can succeed on any normal sequence, and Bourke, Hitchcock and Vinodchandran showed the converse. Therefore: Ziv and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apache SpamAssassin-Operation-Each test has a score value that will be assigned to a message if it matches the test's criteria. The scores can be positive or negative, with positive values indicating \"spam\" and negative \"ham\" (non-spam messages). A message is matched against all tests and Apache SpamAssassin combi... | large_corpus_distillation |
feature vectors is very large (exponential in k). Yet,\nthe inner product\n\ufffd\n\u03c6 (x)\u03c6 (x\ufffd) (29)\nu u\nu\u2208Ak\ncan be computed efficiently (there are only a limited number of possible contiguous subse\u00ad\nquences in x and x\ufffd). The reason for this difference, and the argument in favor of ker... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vanishing gradient problem-Solutions-Other Behnke relied only on the sign of the gradient (Rprop) when training his Neural Abstraction Pyramid to solve problems like image reconstruction and face localization.Neural networks can also be optimized by using a universal search algorithm on the space of neural network's w... | large_corpus_distillation |
desired spatial resolution of the resulting grid (smallest features/areas that can be differentiated from each other), and the computing resources available (numbers of cells to cover the same area increase by either \u00d74 or \u00d725 with each decrease in square size, either requiring an equivalent increase in compu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compound 48/80-Compound 48/80-Compound 48/80 is a polymer produced by the condensation of N-methyl-p-methoxyphenethylamine with formaldehyde. It promotes histamine release, and in biochemical research, compound 48/80 is used to promote mast cell degranulation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conformal field theory-Correlation functions and conformal bootstrap-If all fields are primary or descendant, the sum over fields can be reduced to a sum over primaries, by rewriting the contributions of any descendant in terms of the contribution of the corresponding primary: 12 pPp(x1\u2212x2,\u2202x2)Op(x2), where ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lehmer random number generator-Choice of modulus-Using a modulus m which is a power of two makes for a particularly convenient computer implementation, but comes at a cost: the period is at most m/4, and the lower bits have periods shorter than that. This is because the lowest k bits form a modulo-2k generator all by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spanning tree-Algorithms-Optimization In certain fields of graph theory it is often useful to find a minimum spanning tree of a weighted graph. Other optimization problems on spanning trees have also been studied, including the maximum spanning tree, the minimum tree that spans at least k vertices, the spanning tree w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetric-key algorithm-Key generation-When used with asymmetric ciphers for key transfer, pseudorandom key generators are nearly always used to generate the symmetric cipher session keys. However, lack of randomness in those generators or in their initialization vectors is disastrous and has led to cryptanalytic brea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information theory-Applications to other fields-Intelligence uses and secrecy applications Information theoretic concepts apply to cryptography and cryptanalysis. Turing's information unit, the ban, was used in the Ultra project, breaking the German Enigma machine code and hastening the end of World War II in Europe. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rn (newsreader)-History-An even more recent addition to the rn family has been the addition of scoring, which allows a more complex method of evaluating articles to determine whether the user wishes to read them; originally this was implemented in a code fork of trn called strn, but later this was integrated into the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Archive file-Archive file-In computing, an archive file is a computer file that is composed of one or more files along with metadata. Many archive formats also support compression of member files. Archive files are used to collect multiple data files together into a single file for easier portability and storage, or s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elastic net regularization-Elastic net regularization-In statistics and, in particular, in the fitting of linear or logistic regression models, the elastic net is a regularized regression method that linearly combines the L1 and L2 penalties of the lasso and ridge methods." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting (music)-Introduction to systems: numbers and syllables-Triple meter, such as 34, is often counted 1 2 3, while compound meter, such as 68, is often counted in two and subdivided \"One-and-ah-Two-and-ah\" but may be articulated as \"One-la-lee-Two-la-lee\". For each subdivision employed a new syllable is used.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Product (category theory)-Discussion-An example in which the product does not exist: In the category of fields, the product Q\u00d7Fp does not exist, since there is no field with homomorphisms to both Q and Fp.\nAnother example: An empty product (that is, I is the empty set) is the same as a terminal object, and s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Profiling (computer programming)-Data granularity in profiler types-Instrumentation is key to determining the level of control and amount of time resolution available to the profilers. Manual: Performed by the programmer, e.g. by adding instructions to explicitly calculate runtimes, simply count events or calls to me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DNA annotation-Community annotation-Party or jamboree model: Consists of a short intensive workshop with leading curators from the community. It was first used in the Drosophila melanogaster genome annotation project. Blessed annotator: A variation of the museum model, applied in the Knockout Mouse Project (KOMP), in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boosting (machine learning)-Boosting algorithms-There are many boosting algorithms. The original ones, proposed by Robert Schapire (a recursive majority gate formulation) and Yoav Freund (boost by majority), were not adaptive and could not take full advantage of the weak learners. Schapire and Freund then developed Ad... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biological network-Modelling biological networks-The Louvain method is a greedy algorithm that attempts to maximize modularity, which favors heavy edges within communities and sparse edges between, within a set of nodes. The algorithm starts by each node being in its own community and iteratively being added to the pa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Verb-initial word order-Theoretical approaches-Of the three possible word orders in which the subject comes before the object (VSO, SVO, and SOV), the VSO is less common because of the verb-object bonding principle, which states that objects tend to be more closely tied to verbs than subjects are (which is supported b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biostatistics-Developments and big data-Collaborative work among molecular biologists, bioinformaticians, statisticians and computer scientists is important to perform an experiment correctly, going from planning, passing through data generation and analysis, and ending with biological interpretation of the results.\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integrational theory of language-The integrational theory of language systems-Integrational semantics Integrational Semantics treats lexical meanings (i.e., meanings of morphological or syntactic paradigms and their forms) as entities entirely different from syntactic meanings (meanings of simple or complex syntactic ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Version control-Integration-Some of the more advanced revision-control tools offer many other facilities, allowing deeper integration with other tools and software-engineering processes.\nIntegrated development environment Plugins are often available for IDEs such as Oracle JDeveloper, IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, Visual S... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Medoid-Medoids in text and natural language processing (NLP)-Medoid applications in large language models Medoids for analyzing large language model embeddings Medoids can be employed to analyze and understand the vector space representations generated by large language models (LLMs), such as BERT, GPT, or RoBERTa. By... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Operator-precedence parser-Precedence climbing method-Example execution of the algorithm An example execution on the expression 2 + 3 * 4 + 5 == 19 is as follows. We give precedence 0 to equality expressions, 1 to additive expressions, 2 to multiplicative expressions.\nparse_expression_1 (lhs = 2, min_precedence = 0) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-compartment model-Multi-compartment model-Multi-compartment models are used in many fields including pharmacokinetics, epidemiology, biomedicine, systems theory, complexity theory, engineering, physics, information science and social science. The circuits systems can be viewed as a multi-compartment model as wel... | large_corpus_distillation |
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