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"Erlang (unit)-Erlang C formula-Pw=Emm!mm\u2212E(\u2211i=0m\u22121Eii!)+Emm!mm\u2212E where: E is the total traffic offered in units of erlangs m is the number of servers Pw is the probability that a customer has to wait for service.It is assumed that the call arrivals can be modeled by a Poisson process and that call ... | large_corpus_distillation |
all but cannot be fixed quickly. One example of this is the 2016 attack on The DAO, which could not be quickly stopped or reversed." | large_corpus_distillation |
"SVOPC-Technical information-Operation is quasi-harmonic modelling of the linear prediction residual." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variety of finite semigroups-Definition-A variety of finite semigroups is the class of finite semigroups satisfying a set of profinite identities P.\nA variety of finite monoids is defined like a variety of finite semigroups, with the difference that one should consider monoid morphisms \u03d5:A\u2217\u2192M instead ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OpenBSD security features-Kernel randomization-In a June 2017 email, Theo de Raadt stated that a problem with stable systems was that they could be running for months at a time. Although there is considerable randomization within the kernel, some key addresses remain the same. The project in progress modifies the link... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SOBER-SOBER-In cryptography, SOBER is a family of stream ciphers initially designed by Greg Rose of QUALCOMM Australia starting in 1997. The name is a contrived acronym for Seventeen Octet Byte Enabled Register. Initially the cipher was intended as a replacement for broken ciphers in cellular telephony. The ciphers ev... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dual-mode mobile-Dual-Mode Phone-Cellular and Non-cellular Radios Mobile phones contain both cellular and non-cellular radios used for voice and data communication. There are also two types of dual-mode phones which use cellular radio which will contain GSM/CDMA/W-CDMA as well as other technology like IEEE 802.11 (Wi-... | large_corpus_distillation |
shows the relative fitness of four phenotypes in 'good' and 'bad' years and their respective means if 'good' years occur 75% of the time and 'bad' years 25% of the time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Photoblog-Construction-The dynamic nature of blogs, including photoblogs compared to static sites means that blogs require some form of content management system (CMS) rather than being built mostly by hand. These content management systems usually provide the photoblog's authors with a web service that allows the cre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Security of the Java software platform-Potential sources of security vulnerabilities in Java applications-For example, a hypothetical security flaw which affects only the security manager sandboxing mechanism of a particular JVM implementation would mean that only Java applications which run arbitrary untrusted byteco... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inflection-Compared to derivation-Inflection is the process of adding inflectional morphemes that modify a verb's tense, mood, aspect, voice, person, or number or a noun's case, gender, or number, rarely affecting the word's meaning or class. Examples of applying inflectional morphemes to words are adding -s to the ro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof of impossibility-Proof of impossibility-The irrationality of the square root of 2 is one of the oldest proofs of impossibility. It shows that it is impossible to express the square root of 2 as a ratio of two integers. Another consequential proof of impossibility was Ferdinand von Lindemann's proof in 1882, whic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"KASUMI-Cryptanalysis-In 2010, Dunkelman, Keller and Shamir published a new attack that allows an adversary to recover a full A5/3 key by related-key attack. The time and space complexities of the attack are low enough that the authors carried out the attack in two hours on an Intel Core 2 Duo desktop computer even usi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decision tree learning-Metrics-14 log 14 14 log 14 0.94 The split using the feature windy results in two children nodes, one for a windy value of true and one for a windy value of false. In this data set, there are six data points with a true windy value, three of which have a play (where play is the target variable) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spamming-In crime-Spam can be used to spread computer viruses, trojan horses or other malicious software. The objective may be identity theft, or worse (e.g., advance fee fraud). Some spam attempts to capitalize on human greed, while some attempts to take advantage of the victims' inexperience with computer technology... | large_corpus_distillation |
doi:10.2168/LMCS-3(4:4)2007. S2CID 99659.\nRossman, Benjamin (2008). \"Homomorphism preservation theorems\". Journal of the ACM. 55 (3): 1\u201353. doi:10.1145/1379759.1379763. S2CID 306577.\nRossman, Benjamin (2008). \"On the constant-depth complexity of k-clique\". Proceedings of the fortieth annual ACM Symposium on ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Engel's theorem-Statements-This is the form of the theorem proven in #Proof. (This statement is trivially equivalent to Statement 2 since it allows one to inductively construct a flag with the required property.) In general, a Lie algebra g is said to be nilpotent if the lower central series of it vanishes in a finit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex hull algorithms-Planar case-On-line and dynamic convex hull problems The discussion above considers the case when all input points are known in advance. One may consider two other settings.\nOnline convex hull problem: Input points are obtained sequentially one by one. After each point arrives on input, the con... | large_corpus_distillation |
bread in salt.In Wicca, salt is symbolic of the element Earth. It is also believed to cleanse an area of harmful or negative energies. A dish of salt and a dish of water are almost always present on an altar, and salt is used in a wide variety of rituals and ceremonies." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cosmos (operating system)-Compile process-Namespaces X# program files must begin with a namespace directive. X# lacks a namespace hierarchy, so any directive will change the current namespace until it's changed again or the file ends. Variables or constants in different namespaces may have the same name as the namespa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exception handling syntax-Catalogue of exception handling syntaxes-Swift Exception handling is supported since Swift 2.\nTcl Since Tcl 8.6, there is also a try command: VBScript Visual Basic 6 Exception handling syntax is very similar to Basic. Error handling is local on each procedure.\nExample of specific (non offic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Object Process Methodology-Meta modeling-A modeller could add a process to the model, by adding states disconnected and connected of Thing Set.\nThe purpose of the model thus includes the action of transforming a disconnected Thing Set to a connected Thing Set using the Link Set as an instrument of connection.\nOPM mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JavaFX-History-Major releases since JavaFX 1.1 have a release name based on a street or neighborhood in San Francisco. Update releases typically do not have a release name.On December 4, 2008, Sun released JavaFX 1.0.2.\nJavaFX for mobile development was finally made available as part of the JavaFX 1.1 release (named ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptographic key types-Key types-Public key transport key Public key transport keys are the public keys of asymmetric key pairs that are used to encrypt keys using a public key algorithm. These keys are used to establish keys (e.g., key wrapping keys, data encryption keys or MAC keys) and, optionally, other keying ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clinical Imaging-Clinical Imaging-Clinical Imaging is a peer-reviewed academic journal on medical imaging. It was founded in 1977 and received its current title in 1989. It is published by Elsevier on behalf of the New York Roentgen Society." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cograph-Cotrees-A subtree rooted at a node labeled 0 corresponds to the union of the subgraphs defined by the children of that node." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cohort model-Experimental evidence-Much evidence in favor of the cohort model has come from priming studies, in which a priming word is presented to a subject and then closely followed by a target word and the subject asked to identify if the target word is a real word or not; the theory behind the priming paradigm is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel Patch Protection-Technical overview-Prohibited modifications include: Modifying system service descriptor tables Modifying the interrupt descriptor table Modifying the global descriptor table Using kernel stacks not allocated by the kernel Modifying or patching code contained within the kernel itself, or the HA... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factor-critical graph-Properties-Every 2-vertex-connected factor-critical graph with m edges has at least m different near-perfect matchings, and more generally every factor-critical graph with m edges and c blocks (2-vertex-connected components) has at least m \u2212 c + 1 different near-perfect matchings. The graphs... | large_corpus_distillation |
question now is this: How is the amount of the adjusting entry determined?\nSample: ADJUSTING ENTRY TO SET UP BAD DEBT ESTIMATE FOR THE YEAR\nDate Account Debit Credit\n\u25b2 Bad Debt\nExpense is an\n1/1 Bad Debt Expense ?????\nexpense account that\nis increasing.\n\u25b2 Allow Doubt\nAllowance for Accts is a contra\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
= z. There are fourteen minimum polynomials mi(x) with coefficients in GF(2) satisfying mod 0.\nThe minimal polynomials are 12 10 11 13 14 1.\nThe BCH code with d=2,3 has generator polynomial 1.\nIt has minimal Hamming distance at least 3 and corrects up to one error. Since the generator polynomial is of degree 4, thi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Q-Weibull distribution-Relationship to other distributions-The q-Weibull is equivalent to the Weibull distribution when q = 1 and equivalent to the q-exponential when \u03ba=1 The q-Weibull is a generalization of the Weibull, as it extends this distribution to the cases of finite support (q < 1) and to include heavy-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4.10: Exercises\n\uf128 Exercise 4.1\nThe purpose of this exercise is to show that for an arbitrary renewal process, N(t), the number of renewals in (0,t] is a (non-\ndefective) random variable.\na. Let X 1 ,X 2 ,\u2026, be a sequence of IID inter-renewal rv\u2019s. Let S n =X 1 +\u22ef+X n be the corresponding renewa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Irrational number-Types-number theoretic distinction: transcendental/algebraic normal/ abnormal (non-normal) Transcendental/algebraic Almost all irrational numbers are transcendental and all real transcendental numbers are irrational (there are also complex transcendental numbers): the article on transcendental number... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (C++)-Hardware stack-Stack in main memory Many CISC-type CPU designs, including the x86, Z80 and 6502, have a dedicated register for use as the call stack stack pointer with dedicated call, return, push, and pop instructions that implicitly update the dedicated register, thus increasing code density. Some CISC p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer security compromised by hardware failure-Devices-The attack is very efficient, taking under 20 seconds per word on a standard PC. A 90% or better success rate of finding the correct word for words of 10 or more characters, and a success rate of 73% over all the words tested. In practice, a human attacker can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Montgomery curve-Equivalence with Weierstrass curves-Hence the mapping is given as \u03c8 : MA,B\u2192Ea,b 27 B3 In contrast, an elliptic curve over base field F in Weierstrass form Ea,b : v2=t3+at+b can be converted to Montgomery form if and only if Ea,b has order divisible by four and satisfies the following con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rectangle-Theorems-The isoperimetric theorem for rectangles states that among all rectangles of a given perimeter, the square has the largest area.\nThe midpoints of the sides of any quadrilateral with perpendicular diagonals form a rectangle.\nA parallelogram with equal diagonals is a rectangle.\nThe Japanese theorem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hamming code-Description-General algorithm The following general algorithm generates a single-error correcting (SEC) code for any number of bits. The main idea is to choose the error-correcting bits such that the index-XOR (the XOR of all the bit positions containing a 1) is 0. We use positions 1, 10, 100, etc. (in bi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular subgroup-Modular subgroup-In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a modular subgroup is a subgroup that is a modular element in the lattice of subgroups, where the meet operation is defined by the intersection and the join operation is defined by the subgroup generated by the union of subgroups.\nBy the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Predicate (grammar)-Semantic predication-*The student formed a line. \u2014 Collective predicate cannot appear with singular subject.Other examples of collective predicates include meet in the woods, surround the house, gather in the hallway and carry the piano together. Note that the last one (carry the piano togethe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fitness function-Auxiliary objectives-In addition to the primary objectives resulting from the task itself, it may be necessary to include auxiliary objectives in the assessment to support the achievement of one or more primary objectives. An example of a scheduling task is used for illustration purposes. The optimiza... | large_corpus_distillation |
be as simple as possible: it will not modify X or Y or impose any arrangement on them; in particular, it will leave them unordered, an important fact... Merge is therefore just set formation: Merge of X and Y yields the set {X, Y}.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Laplacian matrix-Definitions for graphs with weighted edges-Laplacian matrix normalization The goal of normalization is, like for simple graphs, to make the diagonal entries of the Laplacian matrix to be all unit, also scaling off-diagonal entries correspondingly. In a weighted graph, a vertex may have a large degree ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Network motif-Motif discovery algorithms-This algorithm counts the number of non-induced occurrences of a tree T with k = O(logn) vertices in a network G with n vertices as follows: Color coding. Color each vertex of input network G independently and uniformly at random with one of the k colors.\nCounting. Apply a dyn... | large_corpus_distillation |
generating function for the flag f-vector of P is \u03a8P(a,a+b)=\u2211S\u03b1P(S)uS.\nMargaret Bayer and Louis Billera determined the most general linear relations that hold between the components of the flag h-vector of an Eulerian poset P.Fine noted an elegant way to state these relations: there exists a noncommutat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse file-Sparse files in Unix-Also, the tool filefrag from e2fsprogs package can be used to show block allocation details of the file." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid-History-In 1976 Dominic Welsh published the first comprehensive book on matroid theory.\nPaul Seymour's decomposition theorem for regular matroids (1980) was the most significant and influential work of the late 1970s and the 1980s.\nAnother fundamental contribution, by Kahn & Kung (1982), showed why projectiv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic context-free grammar-Grammar construction-Its derivation is: S\u21d2aS\u21d2abS\u21d2abbS\u21d2abb Ambiguous grammar may result in ambiguous parsing if applied on homographs since the same word sequence can have more than one interpretation. Pun sentences such as the newspaper headline \"Iraqi Head Seek... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Peripheral Component Interconnect-PCI bus signals-On the fifth cycle of the address phase (or earlier if all other devices have medium DEVSEL or faster), a catch-all \"subtractive decoding\" is allowed for some address ranges. This is commonly used by an ISA bus bridge for addresses within its range (24 bits for memor... | large_corpus_distillation |
competitive results using a fraction of the search-time required by RL-based search methods. For example, FBNet (which is short for Facebook Berkeley Network) demonstrated that supernetwork-based search produces networks that outperform the speed-accuracy tradeoff curve of mNASNet and MobileNetV2 on the ImageNet image-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expense and cost recovery system-Handling notifications-The following Conditions need to be set in the ECRS to establish Notification Levels: Minimum Quantity expected from a specific Source for a specific time Period Maximum Quantity expected from a specific Source for a specific time Period Minimum Value expected fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"D-flat major-D-flat major-D-flat major (or the key of D-flat) is a major scale based on D\u266d, consisting of the pitches D\u266d, E\u266d, F, G\u266d, A\u266d, B\u266d and C. Its key signature has five flats. It is enharmonically equivalent to C-sharp major. The D-flat major scale is: Its relative minor is B-flat m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transportation theory (mathematics)-Motivation-More specifically, it is equivalent to finding a minimum weight matching in a bipartite graph." | large_corpus_distillation |
attacker to decipher the message.When applied to digital signatures, the attacker might be able to change a promissory note stating \"I owe you $10.00\" into one stating \"I owe you $10,000\".Stream ciphers, such as RC4, are vulnerable to a bit-flipping attack, as are some block cipher modes of operation. See stream ci... | large_corpus_distillation |
implemented asymmetric key schemes, this is not a significant risk." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code generation (compiler)-Major tasks-In addition to the basic conversion from an intermediate representation into a linear sequence of machine instructions, a typical code generator tries to optimize the generated code in some way.\nTasks which are typically part of a sophisticated compiler's \"code generation\" pha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divisibility rule-Step-by-step examples-A more complicated algorithm for testing divisibility by 7 uses the fact that 100 \u2261 1, 101 \u2261 3, 102 \u2261 2, 103 \u2261 6, 104 \u2261 4, 105 \u2261 5, 106 \u2261 1, ... (mod 7). Take each digit of the number (371) in reverse order (173), multiplying them successively ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatorial explosion-Examples-Communication In administration and computing, a combinatorial explosion is the rapidly accelerating increase in communication lines as organizations are added in a process. (This growth is often casually described as \"exponential\" but is actually polynomial.) If two organizations ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ridge regression-Relation to singular-value decomposition and Wiener filter-With \u0393=\u03b1I , this least-squares solution can be analyzed in a special way using the singular-value decomposition. Given the singular value decomposition A=U\u03a3V\u22a4 with singular values \u03c3i , the Tikhonov regularized soluti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Telephony-Overview-Today, telephony uses digital technology (digital telephony) in the provisioning of telephone services and systems. Telephone calls can be provided digitally, but may be restricted to cases in which the last mile is digital, or where the conversion between digital and analog signals takes place insi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Line hunting-Linear hunting-In linear hunting, calls are always delivered to the lowest-numbered available line. This is also referred to as serial hunting or terminal hunting. It resembles busy/no-answer call forwarding. Calls are always delivered to the first line, unless it is busy\u2014then the second, third, and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SDS Sigma series-Instruction format-The format for memory-reference instructions for the 32-bit Sigma systems is as follows: +-+--------------+--------+------+---------------------------+ |*| Op Code | R | X | Reference address | +-+--------------+--------+------+---------------------------+ bit 0 1 7 8 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Armbian-Release branches-Master branch (master): Main development will happen on the master branch. This is the latest and greatest branch but is always \"stable\" and \"deployable.\" All tests always pass on this branch.\nMaintenance branch (support): This is the long-term maintenance branch per release.\nBleeding ed... | large_corpus_distillation |
"QIP (complexity)-QIP (complexity)-In computational complexity theory, the class QIP (which stands for Quantum Interactive Polynomial time) is the quantum computing analogue of the classical complexity class IP, which is the set of problems solvable by an interactive proof system with a polynomial-time verifier and one... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Life table-Background-Life tables can be constructed using projections of future mortality rates, but more often they are a snapshot of age-specific mortality rates in the recent past, and do not necessarily purport to be projections. For these reasons, the older ages represented in a life table may have a greater cha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IPhone-Marketing-The original iPhone was heavily promoted before its official announcement, creating buzz and anticipation. Upon its release, it was marketed heavily in television, web and print ads created in partnership with TBWA\\Chiat\\Day.Apple's premium market positioning has led the iPhone to be seen as a statu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adversarial machine learning-Attack modalities-Specificity: A targeted attack attempts to allow a specific intrusion/disruption. Alternatively, an indiscriminate attack creates general mayhem.This taxonomy has been extended into a more comprehensive threat model that allows explicit assumptions about the adversary's g... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bootstrapping-Applications-Discrete-event simulation A type of computer simulation called discrete-event simulation represents the operation of a system as a chronological sequence of events. A technique called bootstrapping the simulation model is used, which bootstraps initial data points using a pseudorandom number... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum agreement subtree problem-Formulations-Rooted maximum homeomorphic agreement subtree This version is the same as the maximum homeomorphic agreement subtree, but we further assume that T1,\u2026,Tm are rooted and that the subtrees T1\u2223S,\u2026,Tm\u2223S contain the root node. This version of the maximum a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bus stop-Information-Data model Modern passenger information systems and journey planners require a detailed digital representation of stops and stations. The CEN Transmodel data model, and the related IFOPT data interchange standard, define how transport systems, including bus stops, should be described for use in co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shuffling-Randomization-Sufficiency The number of shuffles that are sufficient for a \"good\" level of randomness depends on the type of shuffle and the measure of \"good enough randomness\", which in turn depends on the game in question. For most games, four to seven riffle shuffles are sufficient: for unsuited games... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monad (functional programming)-Analysis-bind can now also be derived with just a formula, then used to feed List values through a pipeline of monadic functions: (xlist >>= f) = join \u2218 (map f) xlist One application for this monadic list is representing nondeterministic computation.\nList can hold results for all e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzy cognitive map-Fuzzy cognitive map-A fuzzy cognitive map (FCM) is a cognitive map within which the relations between the elements (e.g. concepts, events, project resources) of a \"mental landscape\" can be used to compute the \"strength of impact\" of these elements. Fuzzy cognitive maps were introduced by Bart K... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Embedding-Category theory-In category theory, there is no satisfactory and generally accepted definition of embeddings that is applicable in all categories. One would expect that all isomorphisms and all compositions of embeddings are embeddings, and that all embeddings are monomorphisms. Other typical requirements ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Print-through-Print-through-Print-through is a generally undesirable effect that arises in the use of magnetic tape for storing analog information, in particular music, caused by contact transfer of signal patterns from one layer of tape to another as it sits wound concentrically on a reel." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interpersonal communication-Theories-Social networks A social network is made up of a set of individuals (or organizations) and the links among them. For example, each individual may be treated as a node, and each connection due to friendship or other relationship is treated as a link. Links may be weighted by the con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Victim cache-Implementation-The behavior of a victim cache in its respective interaction with the corresponding level cache is given below: Cache Hit: No action Cache Miss, Victim Hit: The block is in the victim cache and the one in the cache are replaced with each other. This new entry in victim cache becomes the mos... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Radio propagation-Empirical models-Radio propagation models are empirical in nature, which means, they are developed based on large collections of data collected for the specific scenario. For any model, the collection of data has to be sufficiently large to provide enough likeliness (or enough scope) to all kind of s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simple Mail Transfer Protocol-Outgoing mail SMTP server-Modern SMTP servers typically offer an alternative system that requires authentication of clients by credentials before allowing access." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crowdsourcing software development-Theoretical issues-Game theory has been used in the analysis of various software crowdsourcing projects.Information theory can be a basis for metrics.\nEconomic models can provide incentives for participation in crowdsourcing efforts." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wine critic-Wine critic-A wine critic is a person who evaluates wine and describes it either with a numerical rating, a tasting note, or a combination of both. Their critiques, found in books, newspapers, magazines, newsletters, online, or in sales materials for wine, are often used by consumers in the process of deci... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear least squares-Applications-Ideally, the model function fits the data exactly, so for all i=1,2,\u2026,m." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Similarity measure-Use in recommender systems-Similarity measures are tools to develop recommender systems. It observes a user's perception and liking of multiple items. On recommender systems, the method is using a distance calculation such as Euclidean Distance or Cosine Similarity to generate a similarity matrix wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clabbers-Rules-The rules are identical to those of Scrabble, except that valid plays are only required to form anagrams of acceptable words; in other words, the letters in a word do not need to be placed in the correct order. If a word is challenged, the player who played the word must then name an acceptable word tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Container method-Example applications-Triangle-free graphs We give an illustration of using the hypergraph container lemma to answer an enumerative question by giving an asymptotically tight upper bound on the number of triangle-free graphs with n vertices." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Step 3: Convex surrogate.\nGiven a convex set F of soft classifiers, using the rewriting in (1.2), we need to solve that\nminimizes the empirical classification error\nn\n1\nmin X\u03d5\n1I\n(\u2212f(X\ni\n)Y\ni\n),\nf\u2208F n\ni=1\nHowever, while we are now working with a convex constraint, our objective is still no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mason's gain formula-Formula-Definitions Path: a continuous set of branches traversed in the direction that they indicate.\nForward path: A path from an input node to an output node in which no node is touched more than once.\nLoop: A path that originates and ends on the same node in which no node is touched more than... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof-theoretic semantics-Overview-Michael Dummett introduced the very fundamental idea of logical harmony, building on a suggestion of Nuel Belnap. In brief, a language, which is understood to be associated with certain patterns of inference, has logical harmony if it is always possible to recover analytic proofs fro... | large_corpus_distillation |
containing a symbolic link for each open file descriptor.\n/proc/PID/fdinfo, a directory containing entries which describe the position and flags for each open file descriptor.\n/proc/PID/maps, a text file containing information about mapped files and blocks (like heap and stack).\n/proc/PID/mem, a binary image represe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variable-order Markov model-Definition-Let A be a state space (finite alphabet) of size |A| Consider a sequence with the Markov property x1n=x1x2\u2026xn of n realizations of random variables, where xi\u2208A is the state (symbol) at position i (1\u2264i\u2264n) , and the concatenation of states xi and xi+1 is d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coincidence-Causality-Measuring the probability of a series of coincidences is the most common method of distinguishing a coincidence from causally connected events." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rebound attack-The attack-The Rebound Attack is a type of statistical attack on hash functions, using techniques such as rotational and differential cryptanalysis to find collisions and other interesting properties. The basic idea of the attack is to observe a certain differential characteristic in a block cipher (or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorial number system-Permutations-The number 2982 is 4:0:4:1:0:0:0! in factoradic, and that number picks out digits (4,0,6,2,1,3,5) in turn, via indexing a dwindling ordered set of digits and picking out each digit from the set at each turn: 4:0:4:1:0:0:0! \u2500\u25ba (4,0,6,2,1,3,5) factoradic: 4 : 0 : 4 : 1 : 0 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thesaurus-Organization-The book starts with a Tabular Synopsis of Categories laying out the hierarchy, then the main body of the thesaurus listed by Head, and then an alphabetical index listing the different Heads under which a word may be found: Liable, subject to, 177; debt, 806; duty, 926.Some recent versions have ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crypto++-Algorithms-The library also makes available primitives for number-theoretic operations such as fast multi-precision integers; prime number generation and verification; finite field arithmetic, including GF(p) and GF(2n); elliptical curves; and polynomial operations.\nFurthermore, the library retains a collect... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Q-analog-\"Classical\" q-theory-Cyclic sieving Let q = (e2\u03c0i/n)d be the d-th power of a primitive n-th root of unity. Let C be a cyclic group of order n generated by an element c. Let X be the set of k-element subsets of the n-element set {1, 2, ..., n}. The group C has a canonical action on X given by sending c ... | large_corpus_distillation |
such that it can be shown how many rounds the cipher needs to be reduced to so that the existing cryptographic attacks would work \u2013 and, conversely, that it can be shown that the number of actual rounds is large enough to protect against them." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rich-club coefficient-Definition-For this metric, if for certain values of k we have \u03c1rand(k)>1 , this denotes the presence of the rich-club effect." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordered ring-Positive elements-In analogy with the real numbers, we call an element c of an ordered ring R positive if 0 < c, and negative if c < 0. 0 is considered to be neither positive nor negative.\nThe set of positive elements of an ordered ring R is often denoted by R+. An alternative notation, favored in some d... | large_corpus_distillation |
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