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"Separated sets-Definitions-The property of being separated can also be expressed in terms of derived set (indicated by the prime symbol): A and B are separated when they are disjoint and each is disjoint from the other's derived set, that is, {\\textstyle A'\\cap B=\\varnothing =B'\\cap A.} (As in the case of the f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Offensive rating-Offensive rating-Offensive proficiency rating or offensive productive efficiency is a statistic used in basketball to measure either a team's offensive performance or an individual player's efficiency at producing points for the offense. It was created by author and statistician Dean Oliver." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Uses-List of applications Wireless control and communication between a mobile phone and a handsfree headset. This was one of the earliest applications to become popular.\nWireless control of audio and communication functions between a mobile phone and a Bluetooth compatible car stereo system (and sometimes b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"G.711-Types-In addition, the standard specifies that all resulting even bits (LSB is even) are inverted before the octet is transmitted. This is to provide plenty of 0/1 transitions to facilitate the clock recovery process in the PCM receivers. Thus, a silent A-law encoded PCM channel has the 8 bit samples coded 0xD5 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bidirectional search-Bidirectional search-Bidirectional search is a graph search algorithm that finds a shortest path from an initial vertex to a goal vertex in a directed graph. It runs two simultaneous searches: one forward from the initial state, and one backward from the goal, stopping when the two meet. The reaso... | large_corpus_distillation |
or right-cancellable, which is to say, for any vector space U and any pair of linear maps R: W \u2192 U and S: W \u2192 U, the equation RT = ST implies R = S.\nT is right-invertible, which is to say there exists a linear map S: W \u2192 V such that TS is the identity map on W.\nIsomorphism T is said to be an isomorphis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Email-Message format-SMTP defines the trace information of a message saved in the header using the following two fields: Received: after an SMTP server accepts a message, it inserts this trace record at the top of the header (last to first).\nReturn-Path: after the delivery SMTP server makes the final delivery of a me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Initialization vector-Initialization vector-In cryptography, an initialization vector (IV) or starting variable is an input to a cryptographic primitive being used to provide the initial state. The IV is typically required to be random or pseudorandom, but sometimes an IV only needs to be unpredictable or unique. Rand... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Souders\u2013Brown equation-Recommended values of k-The GPSA Engineering Data Book recommends the following k values for vertical drums with horizontal mesh pads (at the denoted operating pressures): At a gauge pressure of 0 bar: 0.107 m/s At a gauge pressure of 7 bar: 0.107 m/s At a gauge pressure of 21 bar: 0.101 m/... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Speech-generating device-Selection set and vocabulary-Initial content selection Researchers Beukelman and Mirenda list a number of possible sources (such as family members, friends, teachers, and care staff) for the selection of initial content for a SGD. A range of sources is required because, in general, one individ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Exercise 6.22 to the case in which there are m types of customers, each with independent Poisson arrivals and each\nwith independent exponential service times. Let \u03bb i and \u03bc i be the arrival rate and service rate respectively of the ith user. Let\n\u03c1 i =\u03bb i /\u03bc i and assume that \u03c1=\u03c1 1 +... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Alcohol intoxication-Diagnosis-Many informal intoxication tests exist, which, in general, are unreliable and not recommended as deterrents to excessive intoxication or as indicators of the safety of activities such as motor vehicle driving, heavy equipment operation, machine tool use, etc." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse distributed memory-Definition-Distance, d(x, y) The distance between two points x and y is the number of dimensions at which x and y differ. It is called the Hamming distance (its square root is the Euclidean distance) and is expressed in bits. Distance is the norm of the difference: d(x, y) = |x \u2212 y| Betw... | large_corpus_distillation |
for encrypting data in transit, such as IPsec, SCP, SFTP, SSH, OpenPGP and HTTPS." | large_corpus_distillation |
bytes) = 1468 bytes/block, this gives a limit of 1468 bytes/block x 65535 blocks = 92 MB. Today most servers and clients support block number roll-over (block counter going back to 0 or 1 after 65535) which gives an essentially unlimited transfer file size." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Laser drilling-Pulse shape effect-Grad and Mozina (1998) further demonstrated the effect of pulse shapes. A 12 ns spike was added at the beginning, middle, and the end of a 5 ms pulse. When the 12 ns spike was added to the beginning of the long laser pulse, where no melt had been produced, no significant effect on rem... | large_corpus_distillation |
and increasing the speed of an application. Theoretically, the improvement in data access speed is 10,000 to 1,000,000 times compared to the disk. It also minimizes the need for performance tuning by IT staff and provides faster service for end users." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pngcrush-Main operation-The main use of pngcrush is for reducing the size of the image data contained in the IDAT section.\nThe pixel data in a PNG file is compressed using LZ77 algorithm (which tries to find repeated byte sequences in the source data), and then further compressed with Huffman algorithm. This combinat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SenseTalk-Distinctive Characteristics-As a self-styled \u201cPeople Oriented Programming\u201d language, certain aspects of SenseTalk\u2019s design distinguish it from other programming languages, and give it a distinctive flavor. These range from mundane characteristics such as case insensitivity, to syntactic elemen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Printk-Differences from printf-Log levels printk allows a caller to specify the type and importance of the message being sent. This specifier is called the log level.The log level specifies the type of message being sent to the kernel message log. The log level is specified by prepending (using C's string literal conc... | large_corpus_distillation |
from a product-based to an agile, customer-first organization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"O'Nan group-Maximal subgroups-Wilson (1985) and Yoshiara (1985) independently found the 13 conjugacy classes of maximal subgroups of O'Nan as follows: L3(7):2 (2 classes, fused by an outer automorphism) J1 The subgroup fixed by an outer involution in O'Nan:2.\n42.L3(4):21 The centralizer of an (inner) involution in O'... | large_corpus_distillation |
of this fact in designing more effective machine-learning and reasoning systems." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boundary-value analysis-Application-The demonstration can be done using a function written in Java.\nOn the basis of the code, the input vectors of [a,b] are partitioned. The blocks we need to cover are the overflow statement and the underflow statement and neither of these 2. That gives rise to 3 equivalent classes,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Implicit data structure-Definition-Historically, Munro & Suwanda (1980) defined an implicit data structure (and algorithms acting on one) as one \"in which structural information is implicit in the way data are stored, rather than explicit in pointers.\" They are somewhat vague in the definition, defining it most stri... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile Signature Service-Completing a signature transaction-When a mobile user accesses an AP's service and wishes to perform a mobile signature, the AP sends a signature request to the mobile user's HomeMSSP via an AE MSSP. The MSSP forwards the AP's request to the mobile user's SIM card. Upon receiving the signature... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Square root of a matrix-Solutions in closed form-If a matrix is idempotent, meaning A2=A , then by definition one of its square roots is the matrix itself." | large_corpus_distillation |
affected by this. Overall waiting time is smaller than FIFO, however since no process has to wait for the termination of the longest process.\nNo particular attention is given to deadlines, the programmer can only attempt to make processes with deadlines as short as possible.\nStarvation is possible, especially in a bu... | large_corpus_distillation |
dictates the use of open information, able to be accessed and scrutinized by third-parties, in addition to releasing the source code for the models in question." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polyphase merge sort-Ordinary merge sort-An ordinary merge sort using four working files organizes them as a pair of input files and a pair of output files. The dataset is distributed evenly between two of the working files, either as sorted runs or in the simplest case, single records, which can be considered to be s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rainbow matching-Existence when the same edge may have different colors-Suppose that each edge may have several different colors, while each two edges of the same color must still have no vertex in common. In other words, each color is a matching. How many colors are needed in order to guarantee the existence of a rai... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic context-free grammar-Probabilistic context-free grammar-Grammar theory to model symbol strings originated from work in computational linguistics aiming to understand the structure of natural languages. Probabilistic context free grammars (PCFGs) have been applied in probabilistic modeling of RNA structur... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Internet linguistics-Dimensions-The number of words in the British National Corpus (about 100 million) is sufficient for many empirical strategies for learning about language for linguists and lexicographers, and is satisfactory for technologies that utilize quantitative information about the behavior of words as inpu... | large_corpus_distillation |
it was possible to simplify the Even\u2013Mansour scheme even further and still retain the same provable security, producing the \"single-key Even\u2013Mansour scheme\": XOR the plaintext with the key, apply a publicly known unkeyed permutation to the result, and then XOR the same key to the permuted result to produce ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commitment ordering-Commitment ordering-Commitment ordering (CO) is a class of interoperable serializability techniques in concurrency control of databases, transaction processing, and related applications. It allows optimistic (non-blocking) implementations. With the proliferation of multi-core processors, CO has als... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Browser Helper Object-Concerns-The BHO API exposes hooks that allow the BHO to access the Document Object Model (DOM) of the current page and to control navigation. Because BHOs have unrestricted access to the Internet Explorer event model, some forms of malware have also been created as BHOs.For example, the Download... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ontotext-Demonstrators-Ontotext runs several public demonstration services: NOW \u2013 News On the Web shows how a news feed can be categorized and enriched, implementing semantic faceted search. It demonstrates the capabilities of semantic technology for publishing purposes Rank \u2013 news popularity ranking of comp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information theory-Coding theory-Consider the communications process over a discrete channel. A simple model of the process is shown below: Message Encoder Channel Decoder gn\u2192EstimatedmessageW^ Here X represents the space of messages transmitted, and Y the space of messages received during a unit time over our ch... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JIT spraying-JIT spraying-JIT spraying is a class of computer security exploit that circumvents the protection of address space layout randomization and data execution prevention by exploiting the behavior of just-in-time compilation. It has been used to exploit the PDF format and Adobe Flash.A just-in-time compiler (... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cron-Overview-Nonstandard predefined scheduling definitions Some cron implementations support the following non-standard macros: @reboot configures a job to run once when the daemon is started. Since cron is typically never restarted, this typically corresponds to the machine being booted. This behavior is enforced in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of version-control software-General information-Table explanation Repository model describes the relationship between various copies of the source code repository. In a client\u2013server model, users access a master repository via a client; typically, their local machines hold only a working copy of a proj... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bit-reversal permutation-Generalizations-The generalization to radix b representations, for b>2 , and to n=bk , is a digit-reversal permutation, in which the base- b digits of the index of each element are reversed to obtain the permuted index. The same idea can also been generalized to mixed radix number systems. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P6 (microarchitecture)-Features-The P6 core was the sixth generation Intel microprocessor in the x86 line. The first implementation of the P6 core was the Pentium Pro CPU in 1995, the immediate successor to the original Pentium design (P5).\nP6 processors dynamically translate IA-32 instructions into sequences of buff... | large_corpus_distillation |
This information can include indicators of compromise, attack techniques, and threat actor profiles. By using threat intelligence, organizations can develop a better understanding of the threat landscape and improve their ability to detect and respond to threats.\nThreat consequence Threat consequence is a security vio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzing-Types-A smart (model-based, grammar-based, or protocol-based) fuzzer leverages the input model to generate a greater proportion of valid inputs. For instance, if the input can be modelled as an abstract syntax tree, then a smart mutation-based fuzzer would employ random transformations to move complete subtree... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MIPS architecture processors-History-A high-performance computing startup named SiCortex introduced a massively parallel MIPS-based supercomputer in 2007. The machines are based on the MIPS64 architecture and a high performance interconnect using a Kautz graph topology. The system is very power efficient and computati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scale (map)-Terminology-A lexical scale in a language known to the user may be easier to visualise than a ratio: if the scale is an inch to two miles and the map user can see two villages that are about two inches apart on the map, then it is easy to work out that the villages are about four miles apart on the ground.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glitching-Glitching-Glitching is used in speedrunning and competitive gaming, as well as a tool to gain insight on a game's underlying technical mechanics and code. In some contexts, it is considered a form of cheating, and competitions may disallow certain glitches to allow for a more fair or entertaining experience.... | large_corpus_distillation |
vectors a and b.\nCite as: Tommi Jaakkola, course materials for 6.867 Machine Learning, Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare\n(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].(cid:13)(cid:10)" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash (Unix)-Hash (Unix)-hash is a command on Unix and Unix-like operating systems that prints the location information for the commands found. The hash command has also been ported to the IBM i operating system." | large_corpus_distillation |
to implement regulations for banks, their affiliates, and holding companies to limit their relationships with hedge funds and to prohibit these organizations from proprietary trading, and to limit their investment in, and sponsorship of, hedge funds." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computer multitasking-Memory protection-Essential to any multitasking system is to safely and effectively share access to system resources. Access to memory must be strictly managed to ensure that no process can inadvertently or deliberately read or write to memory locations outside the process's address space. This i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Astrophysics Data System-Data in the system-Papers are indexed within the database by their bibliographic record which contains the details of the journal they were published in, and various associated metadata, such as author lists, references and citations. Originally this data was stored in ASCII format, but, event... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NetWeaver Developer-About NetWeaver knowledgebases-If there is no evidence for or against an AND or OR relation, then the truth value of either operator is 0 (undetermined).As with data links, networks may also evaluate to partially true. Two conditions give rise to this condition in NetWeaver: One or more data items... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast-growing hierarchy-Fast-growing hierarchy-In computability theory, computational complexity theory and proof theory, a fast-growing hierarchy (also called an extended Grzegorczyk hierarchy, or a Schwichtenberg-Wainer hierarchy) is an ordinal-indexed family of rapidly increasing functions f\u03b1: N \u2192 N (where... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Points classification in the Vuelta a Espa\u00f1a-History-For the first time, a points classification was calculated in 1945, sponsored by Pirelli. It was calculated as follows: The winner of a stage received 100 points, the second 99, and so on. If cyclists arrived in a group that was given the same time, they all re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Horn clause-Definition-Propositional Horn clauses are also of interest in computational complexity. The problem of finding truth-value assignments to make a conjunction of propositional Horn clauses true is known as HORNSAT.\nThis problem is P-complete and solvable in linear time.\nNote that the unrestricted Boolean s... | large_corpus_distillation |
health measures are credited with much of the recent increase in life expectancy. During the 20th century, despite a brief drop due to the 1918 flu pandemic, the average lifespan in the United States increased by more than 30 years, of which 25 years can be attributed to advances in public health." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer programming-Algorithms-The naive way to solve an ILP is to simply remove the constraint that x is integer, solve the corresponding LP (called the LP relaxation of the ILP), and then round the entries of the solution to the LP relaxation. But, not only may this solution not be optimal, it may not even be feasib... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Representer theorem-Generalizations-It is possible to generalize further by augmenting the regularized empirical risk functional through the addition of unpenalized offset terms. For example, Sch\u00f6lkopf, Herbrich, and Smola also consider the minimization argmin span \u2061{\u03c8p\u22231\u2264p\u2264M}},(\u2020) i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"68\u201395\u201399.7 rule-Normality tests-The \"68\u201395\u201399.7 rule\" is often used to quickly get a rough probability estimate of something, given its standard deviation, if the population is assumed to be normal. It is also used as a simple test for outliers if the population is assumed normal, and as a normal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Air traffic control radar beacon system-Parts of the system-Two other modes, mode 4 and mode S, are not considered part of the ATCRBS system, but they use the same transmit and receive hardware. Mode 4 is used by military aircraft for the Identification Friend or Foe (IFF) system. Mode S is a discrete selective interr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Siamese neural network-Learning-Learning in twin networks can be done with triplet loss or contrastive loss. For learning by triplet loss a baseline vector (anchor image) is compared against a positive vector (truthy image) and a negative vector (falsy image). The negative vector will force learning in the network, wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"F-score-Properties-The F1 score is the Dice coefficient of the set of retrieved items and the set of relevant items." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spectrum of a sentence-Descriptive complexity-Other properties The set of spectra of a theory is closed under union, intersection, addition, and multiplication. In full generality, it is not known if the set of spectra of a theory is closed by complementation; this is the so-called Asser's problem. By the result of Jo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gzip-Gzip-gzip is a file format and a software application used for file compression and decompression. The program was created by Jean-loup Gailly and Mark Adler as a free software replacement for the compress program used in early Unix systems, and intended for use by GNU (from where the \"g\" of gzip is derived). V... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chebyshev's inequality-Extensions-Several extensions of Chebyshev's inequality have been developed.\nSelberg's inequality Selberg derived a generalization to arbitrary intervals. Suppose X is a random variable with mean \u03bc and variance \u03c32. Selberg's inequality states that Pr if if 2\u03b1\u03b2\u2265\u03c32... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Edit distance-Applications-Approximate string matching can be formulated in terms of edit distance. Ukkonen's 1985 algorithm takes a string p, called the pattern, and a constant k; it then builds a deterministic finite state automaton that finds, in an arbitrary string s, a substring whose edit distance to p is at mos... | large_corpus_distillation |
"German sentence structure-Dependent clauses-The verb is, without separation, sent to the place where the first part of a separable verb would be in a main clause, i. e. at the end of the sentence.\nIch nehme den fr\u00fcheren Flug, damit ich heute noch ankomme. = \"I'll take the earlier flight so that I arrive even to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Norm residue isomorphism theorem-Beilinson\u2013Lichtenbaum conjecture-Let X be a smooth variety over a field containing 1/\u2113 . Beilinson and Lichtenbaum conjectured that the motivic cohomology group Hp,q(X,Z/\u2113) is isomorphic to the \u00e9tale cohomology group He\u00b4tp(X,\u03bc\u2113\u2297q) when p\u2264... | large_corpus_distillation |
cF3(a1,a2,b1,b2,c;x,y)\u2212cF3(a1,a2+1,b1,b2,c;x,y)+b2yF3(a1,a2+1,b1,b2+1,c+1;x,y)=0, cF3(a1,a2,b1,b2,c;x,y)\u2212cF3(a1,a2,b1+1,b2,c;x,y)+a1xF3(a1+1,a2,b1+1,b2,c+1;x,y)=0, cF3(a1,a2,b1,b2,c;x,y)\u2212cF3(a1,a2,b1,b2+1,c;x,y)+a2yF3(a1,a2+1,b1,b2+1,c+1;x,y)=0." | large_corpus_distillation |
G,c,\u210f This within a numerical factor, a=1 , coincides with the information (or entropy) of de Sitter event horizon IdS=3\u03c0c3\u039bG\u210f, and the Bekenstein Bound IBB=3\u03c0c3\u039bG\u210fln2." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel method-Kernel method-Algorithms capable of operating with kernels include the kernel perceptron, support-vector machines (SVM), Gaussian processes, principal components analysis (PCA), canonical correlation analysis, ridge regression, spectral clustering, linear adaptive filters and many others.\nMost kernel al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational indistinguishability-Formal definition-denoted Dn\u2248En . In other words, every efficient algorithm A's behavior does not significantly change when given samples according to Dn or En in the limit as n\u2192\u221e . Another interpretation of computational indistinguishability, is that polynomial-time... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Effective topos-Properties-This factors through a finite-limit preserving, full and faithful embedding \u03c9 -Sets\u2192Eff NNO The topos has a natural numbers object N=\u27e8N,EN\u27e9 with simply EN(n)={n} Sentences true about N are exactly the recursively realized sentences of Heyting arithmetic HA Now arrows... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Textual entailment-Ambiguity of natural language-A characteristic of natural language is that there are many different ways to state what one wants to say: several meanings can be contained in a single text and the same meaning can be expressed by different texts. This variability of semantic expression can be seen as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Collision attack-Attack scenarios-Hash flooding Hash flooding (also known as HashDoS) is a denial of service attack that uses hash collisions to exploit the worst-case (linear probe) runtime of hash table lookups. It was originally described in 2003. To execute such an attack, the attacker sends the server multiple pi... | large_corpus_distillation |
which minimizes the combined error in the X and Y directions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social computing-Socially intelligent computing-Dark social media The Dark social media is the social media tools used to collaborate between individuals where contents are supposed to be only available to the participants. However, unlike mobile phone calls or messaging where information is sent from one user, transm... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the weaker initial key, potentially commencing with a dictionary attack if the initial key is a password or passphrase, but the attacker's added effort for each trial could render the attack uneconomic should the costlier computation and memory consumption outweigh the expected profitIf the attacker uses the same cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Function tree-Function tree-In the theory of complex systems, a function tree is a diagram showing the dependencies between the functions of a system. It breaks a problem (or its solution) down into simpler parts, allowing the design and development to be more focused and efficient.When used in computer programming, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithm-Examples-Assume the first number in the set is the largest number in the set.\nFor each remaining number in the set: if this number is larger than the current largest number, consider this number to be the largest number in the set." | large_corpus_distillation |
"3alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (A-specific)-Structural studies-As of late 2007, 11 structures have been solved for this class of enzymes, with PDB accession codes 1J96, 1LWI, 1S1P, 1S1R, 1S2A, 1S2C, 1XJB, 2F38, 2FGB, 2HDJ, and 2IPJ." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistical language acquisition-Important findings-Parsing Parsing is the process by which a continuous speech stream is segmented into its discrete meaningful units, e.g. sentences, words, and syllables. Saffran (1996) represents a singularly seminal study in this line of research. Infants were presented with two mi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conceptual schema-Conceptual schema-A conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. It typically includes only the main concepts and the main relationships among them. Typically this is a first-cut model, with insufficient detail to b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Monoid-Relation to category theory-Monoids can be viewed as a special class of categories. Indeed, the axioms required of a monoid operation are exactly those required of morphism composition when restricted to the set of all morphisms whose source and target is a given object. That is, A monoid is, essentially, the s... | large_corpus_distillation |
elements at most) is stored which consists of elements that have relative frequencies at least \u03b19 (the pre-processing threshold as mentioned above) in its respective superblock. These elements are stored in non-increasing order according to their frequencies and it is easy to see that, any element that has a rela... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clique percolation method-Clique percolation method-The clique percolation method is a popular approach for analyzing the overlapping community structure of networks. The term network community (also called a module, cluster or cohesive group) has no widely accepted unique definition and it is usually defined as a gro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stirling numbers of the second kind-Properties-A mixed bivariate generating function for the Stirling numbers of the second kind is \u22110\u2264k\u2264n{nk}xnn!yk=ey(ex\u22121).\nLower and upper bounds If n\u22652 and 1\u2264k\u2264n\u22121 , then 12(k2+k+2)kn\u2212k\u22121\u22121\u2264{nk}\u226412(nk)kn\u2212k Asy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Non-associative algebra-Non-associative algebra-A non-associative algebra (or distributive algebra) is an algebra over a field where the binary multiplication operation is not assumed to be associative. That is, an algebraic structure A is a non-associative algebra over a field K if it is a vector space over K and is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid-Definition-The difference |A|\u2212r(A) is called the nullity of the subset A . It is the minimum number of elements that must be removed from A to obtain an independent set. The nullity of E in M is called the nullity of M . The difference r(E)\u2212r(A) is sometimes called the corank of the subset A ... | large_corpus_distillation |
branch, and both the trunk and each named branch has its own head. The trunk is usually meant to be the base of a project on which development progresses. If developers are working exclusively on the trunk, it always contains the latest cutting-edge version of the project, but therefore may also be the most unstable ve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paradoxes of material implication-Simplification-The first might be read \"If John is in London then he is in England, and if he is in Paris then he is in France. Therefore, it is true that either (a) if John is in London then he is in France, or (b) if he is in Paris then he is in England.\" Using material implicatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Forward algorithm-Forward algorithm-The forward algorithm, in the context of a hidden Markov model (HMM), is used to calculate a 'belief state': the probability of a state at a certain time, given the history of evidence. The process is also known as filtering. The forward algorithm is closely related to, but distinct... | large_corpus_distillation |
element of the real number field. Since a field is a vector space with addition defined based on vector addition and multiplication defined as scalar multiplication, the mass is also a mathematical scalar." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Addition principle-Subtraction principle-Similarly, for a given finite set S, and given another set A, if A\u2282S , then |Ac|=|S|\u2212|A| . To prove this, notice that |Ac|+|A|=|S| by the addition principle." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stirling permutation-Stirling permutation-In combinatorial mathematics, a Stirling permutation of order k is a permutation of the multiset 1, 1, 2, 2, ..., k, k (with two copies of each value from 1 to k) with the additional property that, for each value i appearing in the permutation, the values between the two copie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Iraqi block cipher-Iraqi block cipher-In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed on Usenet. It is a five round unbalanced Feistel cipher operating on a 256 bit block with a 160 bit key.\nThe source code sho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing-Testing levels-Unit testing Unit testing refers to tests that verify the functionality of a specific section of code, usually at the function level. In an object-oriented environment, this is usually at the class level, and the minimal unit tests include the constructors and destructors.These types of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text annotation-Functions and applications-Text annotations can serve a variety of functions for both private and public reading and communication practices. In their article \"From the Margins to the Center: The Future of Annotation,\" scholars Joanna Wolfe and Christine Neuwirth identify four primary functions that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
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