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"Happy number-Happy numbers and perfect digital invariants-Natural density of b-happy numbers By inspection of the first million or so 10-happy numbers, it appears that they have a natural density of around 0.15. Perhaps surprisingly, then, the 10-happy numbers do not have an asymptotic density. The upper density of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
in the OEIS) (also see OEIS: A228101 and OEIS: A084712)A more elaborate theory can be used to predict the number of bases for which Fn(a) will be prime for fixed n . The number of generalized Fermat primes can be roughly expected to halve as n is increased by 1." | large_corpus_distillation |
X i and Y j\nMany of the standard properties of covariance and correlation for real-valued random variables have extensions to random vectors. For the following three results, X\nis a random vector in Rm and Y is a random vector in Rn .\ncov(X,Y)=E([X\u2212E(X)][Y\u2212E(Y)]T)\nProof\nBy the definition of the expected ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sylow theorems-Theorems-Motivation The Sylow theorems are a powerful statement about the structure of groups in general, but are also powerful in applications of finite group theory. This is because they give a method for using the prime decomposition of the cardinality of a finite group G to give statements about th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponential tilting-Overview-Given a random variable X with probability distribution P , density f , and moment generating function (MGF) MX(\u03b8)=E[e\u03b8X]<\u221e , the exponentially tilted measure P\u03b8 is defined as follows: P\u03b8(X\u2208dx)=E[e\u03b8XI[X\u2208dx]]MX(\u03b8)=e\u03b8x\u2212\u03ba(\u03b8... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wireless security-Modes of unauthorized access-Man-in-the-middle attacks are enhanced by software such as LANjack and AirJack which automate multiple steps of the process, meaning what once required some skill can now be done by script kiddies. Hotspots are particularly vulnerable to any attack since there is little t... | large_corpus_distillation |
adeles of K.\nIn the following, it is written as AK=\u220fv\u2032Kv, although this is generally not a restricted product.\nRemark. Global function fields do not have any infinite places and therefore the finite adele ring equals the adele ring.\nLemma. There is a natural embedding of K into AK given by the diagonal ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Slot machine-Terminology-A theoretical hold worksheet is a document provided by the manufacturer for every slot machine that indicates the theoretical percentage the machine should hold based on the amount paid in. The worksheet also indicates the reel strip settings, number of coins that may be played, the payout sch... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bell code-Great Britain and India-All codes, except 3\u20142\u20141, must be acknowledged by repeating the code received." | large_corpus_distillation |
"with probability 1, assuming that the sum on the right converges absolutely.\nNotes\nx, y\u2208S h=1 y X =x 1 \u222bth(X )ds\nFirst, let and let y, the indicator function of . Then given 0 , t 0 s is the average occupation\ny x [0,t] 1 \u222b t P (x,y)ds\ntime in state , starting in state , over the time interval . In... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Busy waiting-Busy waiting-In most cases spinning is considered an anti-pattern and should be avoided, as processor time that could be used to execute a different task is instead wasted on useless activity. Spinning can be a valid strategy in certain circumstances, most notably in the implementation of spinlocks within... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix norm-Matrix norms induced by vector norms-Matrix norms induced by vector \u03b1- and \u03b2- norms Suppose vector norms \u2016\u22c5\u2016\u03b1 and \u2016\u22c5\u2016\u03b2 are used for spaces Kn and Km respectively, the corresponding operator norm is:In the special cases of \u03b1=2 and \u03b2=\u221e , ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Radon's theorem-Proof and construction-Consider any set X={x1,x2,\u2026,xd+2}\u2282Rd of d + 2 points in d-dimensional space. Then there exists a set of multipliers a1, ..., ad + 2, not all of which are zero, solving the system of linear equations \u2211i=1d+2aixi=0,\u2211i=1d+2ai=0, because there are d + 2 unknowns ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P (complexity)-Relationships to other classes-A generalization of P is NP, which is the class of decision problems decidable by a non-deterministic Turing machine that runs in polynomial time. Equivalently, it is the class of decision problems where each \"yes\" instance has a polynomial size certificate, and certific... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type system-Type checking-Dynamic type checking and runtime type information Dynamic type checking is the process of verifying the type safety of a program at runtime. Implementations of dynamically type-checked languages generally associate each runtime object with a type tag (i.e., a reference to a type) containing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting points on elliptic curves-Baby-step giant-step-The algorithm 1. choose m integer, m>q4 2. FOR{ j=0 to m } DO 3. Pj\u2190jP 4. ENDFOR 5. L\u21901 6. Q\u2190(q+1)P 7. REPEAT compute the points Q+k(2mP) 8. UNTIL \u2203j : Q+k(2mP)=\u00b1Pj \\\\the x -coordinates are compared 9. M\u2190q+1+2mk\u2213j ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XHTML-Overview-Relationship to HTML There are various differences between XHTML and HTML. The Document Object Model (DOM) is a tree structure that represents the page internally in applications, and XHTML and HTML are two different ways of representing that in markup. Both are less expressive than the DOM \u2013 for e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ProbeVue-The Vue language-Flow control Vue does not allow the definition of user functions, recursion, or looping constructs but does offer conditional if-then expressions within a probe action block. The lightweight nature of ProbeVue prohibits a Vue script from defining expensive looping or extensive branching opera... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Collision resistance-Rationale-Collision resistance is desirable for several reasons.\nIn some digital signature systems, a party attests to a document by publishing a public key signature on a hash of the document. If it is possible to produce two documents with the same hash, an attacker could get a party to attest ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fused grid-Criticisms of the prevailing network patterns-A Radburn-type network inherently includes a variety of city blocks and terminating vistas and, consequently, preempts criticism centered on monotony and lack of end-closure. Its unconstrained geometry adapts easily to topographical irregularities and geographic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intelligent character recognition-Differences between ICR and OCR-Yet, data is typically manually input rather than typed into form fields. Character identification becomes even more challenging while reading handwritten material. The diversity of more than 700,000 printed font variants is tiny compared to the near un... | large_corpus_distillation |
"English conditional sentences-English language teaching-If you make a mistake, someone lets you know.The first of these sentences is a basic zero conditional with both clauses in the present tense. The fourth is an example of the use of will in a condition clause (for more such cases, see below). The use of verb tense... | large_corpus_distillation |
of progression, but whose clinical and laboratory parameters remain stable over long periods of time, are classified as Long Term Survivors (LTS)." | large_corpus_distillation |
number base b=3k+2 . Then: n1=kb2+(2k+1) is a perfect digital invariant for F3,b for all k b = 6k + 4 Let k be a positive integer and the number base b=6k+4 . Then: n4=kb2+(3k+2)b+(2k+1) is a perfect digital invariant for F3,b for all k " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key encapsulation mechanism-Key encapsulation mechanism-The traditional approach to sending a symmetric key with public key systems is to first generate a random symmetric key and then encrypt it using the chosen public key algorithm. The recipient then decrypts the public key message to recover the symmetric key. As ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Short code-Regional differences-Indonesia Codes are four digits in length with Rp2000 premium price.\nRepublic of Ireland Short codes are five digits in length, and start with 5. The second digit generally indicates the maximum price, with 0 = completely free, 1 = standard text rate only, 3 = \u20ac0.60, and 7 having ... | large_corpus_distillation |
for Zt in the equation for Dt(i) we get: Zt=\u2211i:xt\u2209xiDt(i)+\u2211i:xt\u2208xiDt(i)e\u2212yi\u03b1iht(xi) Where xt is the feature selected in the current weak hypothesis. Three equations are defined describing the sum of the distributions for in which the current hypothesis has selected either correct or inc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Validity (logic)-Arguments-An argument is valid if and only if it would be contradictory for the conclusion to be false if all of the premises are true. Validity does not require the truth of the premises, instead it merely necessitates that conclusion follows from the formers without violating the correctness of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IMSI-catcher-Functionalities-Tapping a mobile phone The IMSI-catcher subjects the phones in its vicinity to a man-in-the-middle attack, appearing to them as a preferred base station in terms of signal strength. With the help of a SIM, it simultaneously logs into the GSM network as a mobile station. Since the encryptio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetrization methods-Steiner symmetrization-St := for some and |y|\u226412|\u03a9\u2229Lx|}.\nIt is denoted by St \u2061(f) the Steiner symmetrization wrt to xn=0 hyperplane of nonnegative measurable function f:Rd\u2192R and for fixed x1,\u2026,xn\u22121 define it as St:f(x1,\u2026,xn\u22121,\u22c5)\u21a6(f(x1... | large_corpus_distillation |
Markov process with M states, (6.3.5) provides a set of M simultaneous linear\ndifferential equations, one for each j, 1\u2264j\u2264M. As we saw in the example, one of these is redundant because \u2211M j=1 P ij ???=1.\nThis leaves M\u22121 simultaneous linear differential equations to be solved.\nFor more than 2 or 3... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Philosophy of mathematics-Contemporary schools of thought-Aristotelian realism Aristotelian realism holds that mathematics studies properties such as symmetry, continuity and order that can be literally realized in the physical world (or in any other world there might be). It contrasts with Platonism in holding that t... | large_corpus_distillation |
for repeating a single-cycle instruction or two single-cycle instruction in parallel (RPT) and an instruction for repeating a block of instructions (RPTC). These use special block-repeat counter registers (BRC0, BRC1)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized singular value decomposition-Second version: weighted single-matrix decomposition-The weighted version of the generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) is a constrained matrix decomposition with constraints imposed on the left and right singular vectors of the singular value decomposition. This form ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"A priori probability-Uninformative priors-Another idea, championed by Edwin T. Jaynes, is to use the principle of maximum entropy (MAXENT). The motivation is that the Shannon entropy of a probability distribution measures the amount of information contained in the distribution. The larger the entropy, the less informa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of programming languages (associative array)-Language support-The following demonstrates enumeration using a foreach loop: C++ C++ has a form of associative array called std::map (see Standard Template Library#Containers). One could create a phone-book map with the following code in C++: Or less efficiently... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Structured programming-Common deviations-Multiple exits can arise for a variety of reasons, most often either that the subroutine has no more work to do (if returning a value, it has completed the calculation), or has encountered \"exceptional\" circumstances that prevent it from continuing, hence needing exception ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"U.S. Dollar Index-History-The make up of the \"basket\" has been altered only once, when several European currencies were subsumed by the euro at the start of 1999. Some commentators have said that the make up of the \"basket\" is overdue for revision as China, Mexico, South Korea and Brazil are major trading partners... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear probing-Analysis-Using linear probing, dictionary operations can be implemented in constant expected time. In other words, insert, remove and search operations can be implemented in O(1), as long as the load factor of the hash table is a constant strictly less than one.In more detail, the time for any particula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Guillotine partition-Computing a guillotine partition with a smallest edge-length-In the minimum edge-length rectangular-partition problem, the goal is to partition the original rectilinear polygon into rectangles, such that the total edge length is a minimum.:\u200a166\u2013167\u200aThis problem can be solved in time... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Radio Data System-RDS technical specification-The first 4 bits (bits 15\u201311) of block 2 are the \"group type code\", which describe the interpretation of the remaining data. Each group type comes \"A\" and \"B\" variants, distinguished by the fifth \"B\" bit (bit 10): If B=0, then the group is 0A through 15A, and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of Google's revenue per day in November 2019 when Google did not meet the requirements. In December 2019, Google stopped issuing licenses for new Android phone models sold in Turkey." | large_corpus_distillation |
=\u2211P(A \u2223E)P(B\u2223A \u2229E) (2.4.21)\ni i\ni\u2208I\nP(A \u2223E)P(B\u2223A \u2229E)\nj j\nP(A \u2223B\u2229E) = , j\u2208I (2.4.22)\nj\n\u2211 P(A \u2229E)P(B\u2223A \u2229E)\ni\u2208I i i\nExamples and Applications\nBasic Rules\nA B P(A)= 1 P(B)= 1 P(A\u2229B)= 1\nSuppose that and are events in an experime... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsimonious reduction-Examples of parsimonious reduction in proving #P-completeness-The class #P contains the counting versions of NP decision problems. Given an instance x of an NP decision problem X, the problem #x asks for the number of solutions to problem x.\nThe examples of #P-completeness below rely on the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzy clustering-Fuzzy C-means clustering-One of the most widely used fuzzy clustering algorithms is the Fuzzy C-means clustering (FCM) algorithm.\nHistory Fuzzy c-means (FCM) clustering was developed by J.C. Dunn in 1973, and improved by J.C. Bezdek in 1981.\nGeneral description The fuzzy c-means algorithm is very si... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Completely fair queueing-Description-CFQ places synchronous requests submitted by processes into a number of per-process queues and then allocates timeslices for each of the queues to access the disk. The length of the time slice and the number of requests a queue is allowed to submit depends on the I/O priority of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compound probability distribution-Definition-A compound probability distribution is the probability distribution that results from assuming that a random variable X is distributed according to some parametrized distribution F with an unknown parameter \u03b8 that is again distributed according to some other distrib... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Part of speech-History-The classification below, or slight expansions of it, is still followed in most dictionaries: Noun (names) a word or lexical item denoting any abstract (abstract noun: e.g. home) or concrete entity (concrete noun: e.g. house); a person (police officer, Michael), place (coastline, London), thing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Turing reduction-Stronger reductions-A truth table reduction or a weak truth table reduction must present all of its oracle queries at the same time. In a truth table reduction, the reduction also gives a boolean function (a truth table) which, when given the answers to the queries, will produce the final answer of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simplex algorithm-Algorithm-Let a linear program be given by a canonical tableau. The simplex algorithm proceeds by performing successive pivot operations each of which give an improved basic feasible solution; the choice of pivot element at each step is largely determined by the requirement that this pivot improves t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hidden message-Description-The information in hidden messages is not immediately noticeable; it must be discovered or uncovered, and interpreted before it can be known. Hidden messages include backwards audio messages, hidden visual messages, and symbolic or cryptic codes such as a crossword or cipher. There are many ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Routing in delay-tolerant networking-Replication-based routing-The overall protocol is composed of four steps: Initialization: Metadata is exchanged to help estimate packet utilities.\nDirect Delivery: Packets destined for immediate neighbors are transmitted.\nReplication: Packets are replicated based on marginal util... | large_corpus_distillation |
In this example, the integer tuple identifies the differential indeterminate and derivative's multi-index, and lexicographic monomial order, lex {\\textstyle \\geq _{\\text{lex}}} , determines the derivative's rank.:\u200a4\u200a \u03b7(\u03b41e1\u2218\u22ef\u2218\u03b4nen(yj))=(j,e1,\u2026,en) lex \u03b7(\u03b8\u03bd... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clustering coefficient-Local clustering coefficient-An undirected graph has the property that eij and eji are considered identical. Therefore, if a vertex vi has ki neighbours, ki(ki\u22121)2 edges could exist among the vertices within the neighbourhood. Thus, the local clustering coefficient for undirected graph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MAC spoofing-Motivation-Identity masking If a user chooses to spoof their MAC address in order to protect their privacy, this is called identity masking. As an example motivation, on Wi-Fi network connections a MAC address is not encrypted. Even the secure IEEE 802.11i-2004 (WPA) encryption method does not prevent Wi-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Communications system-Key components-Communication channel A communication channel is simply referring to the medium by which a signal travels. There are two types of media by which electrical signals travel, i.e. guided and unguided. Guided media refers to any medium that can be directed from transmitter to receiver ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data center security-Security measures-The process of securing a data center requires both a comprehensive system-analysis approach and an ongoing process that improves the security levels as the Data Center evolves. The data center is constantly evolving as new applications or services become available. Attacks are b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dolev\u2013Yao model-The adversary-The adversary in this model can overhear, intercept, and synthesize any message and is only limited by the constraints of the cryptographic methods used. In other words: \"the attacker carries the message.\" This omnipotence has been very difficult to model, and many threat models si... | large_corpus_distillation |
says that odds of rolling between 1 and 6 is at least 53%; in reality, the odds are of course 100%. The Kolmogorov inequality extends the Chebyshev inequality to the context of sums of random variables.The following three inequalities are of fundamental importance in the field of mathematical analysis and its applicati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel-independent component analysis-Main idea-This notion of F -correlations is used for defining contrast functions that are optimized in the Kernel ICA algorithm. Specifically, if := (xij)\u2208Rn\u00d7m is a prewhitened data matrix, that is, the sample mean of each column is zero and the sample covariance of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
R with partitions R1 and R2 must be a \u03c4 -majority in either R1 or R2 . Due to this decomposability, some data structures answer \u03c4 -majority queries on one-dimensional arrays by finding the Lowest common ancestor (LCA) of the endpoints of the query range in a Range tree and validating two sets of candida... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Balloon (aeronautics)-Principles-In 1785 Pil\u00e2tre de Rozier took off in an attempt to fly across the Channel, but shortly into the flight the hydrogen gas bag caught fire and de Rozier did not survive the ensuing accident. This earned de Rozier the title \"The First to Fly and the First to Die\".\nIt wasn't until ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Resource Description Framework-Examples-Therefore, the following \"subject, predicate, object\" RDF triples can be expressed: http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#fullName, \"Eric Miller\" http://www.w3.org/People/EM/contact#me, http://www.w3.org/2000/10/swap/pim/contact#m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strategyproofness-Truthfulness of randomized mechanisms-Weak stochastic-dominance truthfulness (weak-SD-truthfulness): The vector of probabilities that an agent receives by being truthful is not first-order-stochastically-dominated by the vector of probabilities he gets by misreporting.Universal implies strong-SD impl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Preorder-Constructions-The equivalence class of a sentence A, denoted by [A], consists of all sentences B\u2208S that are logically equivalent to A (that is, all B\u2208S such that A\u27faB ). The partial order on S/\u223c induced by \u21d0, which will also be denoted by the same symbol \u21d0, is characteri... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unix File System-History and evolution-Some of the performance parameters in the superblock included number of tracks and sectors, disk rotation speed, head speed, and alignment of the sectors between tracks. In a fully optimized system, the head could be moved between close tracks to read scattered sectors from alter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modulo operation-Modulo operation-Given two positive numbers a and n, a modulo n (often abbreviated as a mod n) is the remainder of the Euclidean division of a by n, where a is the dividend and n is the divisor.For example, the expression \"5 mod 2\" would evaluate to 1, because 5 divided by 2 has a quotient of 2 and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tanner graph-Bounds proved by Tanner-Tanner proved the following bounds Let R be the rate of the resulting linear code, let the degree of the digit nodes be m and the degree of the subcode nodes be n . If each subcode node is associated with a linear code (n,k) with rate r = k/n, then the rate of the code is bounde... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simile (computer virus)-Simile (computer virus)-When the virus is first executed, it checks the current date. If the host file (the file that is infected with the virus) imports the file User32.dll, then on the 17th of March, June, September, or December, a message is displayed. Depending on the version of the virus, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
terms.\nA term t is a common generalization, or anti-unifier, of t1 and t2 if t\u03c31\u2261t1 and t\u03c32\u2261t2 for some substitutions \u03c31,\u03c32 For a given anti-unification problem, a set S of anti-unifiers is called complete if each generalization subsumes some term t\u2208S ; the set S is called m... | large_corpus_distillation |
joint application design (JAD), where users are intensely involved in system design, via consensus building in either structured workshops, or electronically facilitated interaction.\nActive user involvement is imperative.\nIteratively produces production software, as opposed to a throwaway prototype.\nProduces documen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Benders decomposition-Mathematical Formulation-The set of cuts will be filled in a sequence of iterations by solving the inner maximization problem of the minimax formulation. The cuts both guide the master problem towards an optimal y , if one exists, and ensure that y is feasible for the full problem. The set of c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lambda lifting-Lambda dropping in lambda calculus-ask \u2061[S]\u2261S\u2208{X:X=S} Similarly, def uses set theory to query if a variable has been given a value; def \u2061[F]\u2261|{X:X=F}| Let - Let expression.\nlet in \u2061L,D,V,_]\u2261build-param-list\u2061[E,D,V,_]\u2227build-param-list\u2061[L,D,V,_] And - For... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Active learning (machine learning)-Query strategies-Query by committee: a variety of models are trained on the current labeled data, and vote on the output for unlabeled data; label those points for which the \"committee\" disagrees the most Querying from diverse subspaces or partitions: When the underlying model is a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hybrid Scorecard-Variables-Hybrid value This category measures how cost-effectively a particular hybrid achieves its environmental performance, and the scores vary from \"Very Poor\" to \"Superior.\" Each hybrid model is evaluated by dividing the estimated cost of hybrid technology used in the vehicle by its reduction... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hessian automatic differentiation-Hessian automatic differentiation-Let f:Rn\u2192R , for each x\u2208Rn the Hessian matrix H(x)\u2208Rn\u00d7n is the second order derivative and is a symmetric matrix." | large_corpus_distillation |
"P-complete-P-complete problems-Restricted Case of CVP \u2013 Like CVP, except each gate has two inputs and two outputs (F and Not F), every other layer is just AND gates, the rest are OR gates (or, equivalently, all gates are NAND gates, or all gates are NOR gates), the inputs of a gate come from the immediately prece... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inter-rater reliability-Statistics-Later extensions of the approach included versions that could handle \"partial credit\" and ordinal scales. These extensions converge with the family of intra-class correlations (ICCs), so there is a conceptually related way of estimating reliability for each level of measurement fro... | large_corpus_distillation |
could be used to find the value of that probability for which S is the largest.\nThis analytical technique does not extend to cases with more than three possible states and only one constraint. It is only practical\nbecause the constraint can be used to express the entropy in terms of a single variable. If there are, s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponential family-Definition-That is, if the dimension, d, of the parameter vector is less than the number of functions, s, of the parameter vector in the above representation of the probability density function. Most common distributions in the exponential family are not curved, and many algorithms designed to work ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Great Internet Mersenne Prime Search-Primes found-^ \u2020 As of October 11, 2022, 61,809,281 is the largest exponent below which all other prime exponents have been checked twice, so it is not verified whether any undiscovered Mersenne primes exist between the 48th (M57885161) and the 51st (M82589933) on this chart; ... | large_corpus_distillation |
polynomial has 1 asymptotic value, but is of order 0." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Marcum Q-function-Bounds-Based on monotonicity and log-concavity Various upper and lower bounds of generalized Marcum-Q function can be obtained using monotonicity and log-concavity of the function \u03bd\u21a6Q\u03bd(a,b) and the fact that we have closed form expression for Q\u03bd(a,b) when \u03bd is half-integer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evolutionary landscape-Types of evolutionary landscapes-Epigenetic landscapes Epigenetic landscapes are \"used to describe modal developmental tendency and major deviations\" with a \"space of abstract variables.\" Morphospaces Morphospaces also lack a dimension of fitness. Instead, their axes are mathematical models ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C file input/output-Overview-Constants Constants defined in the <stdio.h> header include: Variables Variables defined in the <stdio.h> header include: Member types Data types defined in the <stdio.h> header include: FILE \u2013 also known as a file handle or a FILE pointer, this is an opaque pointer containing the inf... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Document-oriented database-Implementations-XML database implementations Most XML databases are document-oriented databases." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic mode decomposition-Algorithm-Because A and S~ are related via similarity transform, the eigenvalues of S are the eigenvalues of A , and if y is an eigenvector of S~ , then Uy is an eigenvector of A In summary, the SVD-based approach is as follows: Split the time series of data in V1N into the two matr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arbitrarily varying channel-Capacities and associated proofs-I(Xr\u2227Yr) is the mutual information of Xr and Yr , and is equal to H(Xr)\u2212H(Xr|Yr) min YrI(Xr\u2227Yr) , where the minimum is over all random variables Yr such that Xr , Sr , and Yr are distributed in the form of PXrSrYr .Theorem 1: c>0 if a... | large_corpus_distillation |
per task is attractive to employers; therefore, companies like Microsoft, AT&T, Yahoo! are currently crowdsourcing some of their work through CrowdFlower, a company that specializes in allocating jobs for foreign and local crowd workers. CrowdFlower alone has completed 450 million completed human intelligence tasks bet... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Foliate (software)-Features-Foliate focuses on reading and supports book management with a dedicated library view.\nIt supports typical e-book formats with reflowable text: EPUB (primary focus), Mobipocket, AZW(3), and no formats with fixed layout, although PDF support is being considered.\nIts customizable and theme-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mass collaboration-Differences-Collective online tools Many of the web applications associated with Bulletin boards, or forums can include a wide variety of tools that allows individuals to keep track of sites and content that they find on the internet. Users are able to bookmark from their browser by editing the titl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scalable Coherent Interface-The standard-Scalability for large systems is achieved through a distributed directory-based cache coherence model. (The other popular models for cache coherency are based on system-wide eavesdropping (snooping) of memory transactions \u2013 a scheme which is not very scalable.) In SCI each... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pythagorean quadruple-Alternate parametrization-A similar method exists for generating all Pythagorean quadruples for which a and b are both even. Let l = a/2 and m = b/2 and let n be a factor of l2 + m2 such that n2 < l2 + m2. Then c = l2 + m2 \u2212 n2/n and d = l2 + m2 + n2/n. This method generates all Pythagorean ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Austrian Journal of Earth Sciences-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stale pointer bug-Stale pointer bug-A stale pointer bug, otherwise known as an aliasing bug, is a class of subtle programming errors that can arise in code that does dynamic memory allocation, especially via the malloc function or equivalent." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cayley's theorem-Remarks on the regular group representation-The identity element of the group corresponds to the identity permutation. All other group elements correspond to derangements: permutations that do not leave any element unchanged. Since this also applies for powers of a group element, lower than the order ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Program optimization-Levels of optimization-Build level Between the source and compile level, directives and build flags can be used to tune performance options in the source code and compiler respectively, such as using preprocessor defines to disable unneeded software features, optimizing for specific processor mode... | large_corpus_distillation |
functions, as well as mutant strains with useful properties. Initially, the ability of radiation and chemical mutagens to cause mutation was exploited to generate random mutations, but later techniques were developed to introduce specific mutations." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cantor set-Properties-All the latter numbers are \u201cendpoints\u201d, and these examples are right limit points of C . The same is true for the left limit points of C , e.g. 2/3 = 0.1222...3 = 0.123 = 0.203 and 8/9 = 0.21222...3 = 0.2123 = 0.2203. All these endpoints are proper ternary fractions (elements of Z\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero ring-Zero ring-In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the zero ring or trivial ring is the unique ring (up to isomorphism) consisting of one element. (Less commonly, the term \"zero ring\" is used to refer to any rng of square zero, i.e., a rng in which xy = 0 for all x and y. This article refers to the one-ele... | large_corpus_distillation |
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