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"Streaming media-Technologies-HTTP adaptive bitrate streaming is based on HTTP progressive download, but contrary to the previous approach, here the files are very small, so that they can be compared to the streaming of packets, much like the case of using RTSP and RTP. Reliable protocols, such as the Transmission Cont... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized Dirichlet distribution-Sampling experiment-Experiment 2. Analyst 2 believes that X X follows a generalized Dirichlet distribution: X \u223c G D ( \u03b1 1 , \u2026 , \u03b1 k ; \u03b2 1 , \u2026 , \u03b2 k ) X\\sim GD(\\alpha _{1},\\ldots ,\\alpha _{k};\\beta _{1},\\ldots ,\\beta _{k}) . All parameters a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LSH (hash function)-Security-LSH is secure against known attacks on hash functions up to now.\nLSH is collision-resistant for q<2n/2 and preimage-resistant and second-preimage-resistant for q<2n in the ideal cipher model, where q is a number of queries for LSH structure.\nLSH-256 is secure against all the existing ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NOR flash replacement-An effective prefetching strategy-Different from the popular caching ideas in the memory hierarchy, this approach aims at an application-oriented caching mechanism, which adopts prediction-assisted prefetching based on given execution traces of applications. The designs of embedded systems are co... | large_corpus_distillation |
suffer from v-table performance bottlenecks, and thus exhibit performance similar to Java.The JVM is also able to perform processor specific optimizations or inline expansion. And, the ability to deoptimize code already compiled or inlined sometimes allows it to perform more aggressive optimizations than those performe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Backpropagation-Overview-L : the number of layers Wl=(wjkl) : the weights between layer l\u22121 and l , where wjkl is the weight between the k -th node in layer l\u22121 and the j -th node in layer l fl : activation functions at layer l For classification the last layer is usually the logistic function for bi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swipe (dice game)-Overview of the Rules-The youngest player starts by rolling all of his or her dice. Each die has five different values: Two instances of win a chip from the center, signified by a red dot One instance of win a die from the center, signified by a blue die One instance of lose a die to the center, sign... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pragmatics-Significant works and concepts-J. L. Austin's How To Do Things With Words Paul Grice's cooperative principle and conversational maxims Brown and Levinson's politeness theory Geoffrey Leech's politeness maxims Levinson's presumptive meanings J\u00fcrgen Habermas's universal pragmatics Dan Sperber and Deirdre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Line length-Calculation methods-The third known method is also a formula (LCA\u2019 \u00d7 C\u03c1[S] = Ll) that consists of multiplying a modified version of LCA (the lowercase alphabet plus a space character [LCA\u2019]) by the desired number of characters (C\u03c1) multiplied by a constant of 0.0345 (S). " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Private GSM-Current Market-Analysts estimate that 40% to 60% of corporate mobile minutes are used in building, highlighting an under appreciated pain point. Mobile phones tend to be used more often due to convenience - they are close at hand at all times, provide easy access to stored contact numbers, and are more per... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arf invariant-Definitions-Every nonsingular quadratic form q over K is equivalent to a direct sum q=q1+\u22ef+qr of nonsingular binary forms. This was shown by Arf, but it had been earlier observed by Dickson in the case of finite fields of characteristic 2. The Arf invariant Arf( q ) is defined to be the sum of the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Railway stop-Configurations-The basic configuration of a station and various other features set certain types apart. The first is the level of the tracks. Stations are often sited where a road crosses the railway: unless the crossing is a level crossing, the road and railway will be at different levels. The platforms ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Journal of Cell Biology-Data integrity-The Committee released its report, entitled \"Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age, in July 2009. The NAS announcement specifically cited JCB for its proactive steps in establishing specific guidelines for \"acceptable and una... | large_corpus_distillation |
on a given set of concepts. During the Renaissance, Lullian and Kabbalistic ideas were drawn upon in a magical context, resulting in cryptographic applications." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clustering high-dimensional data-Approaches-Projection-based clustering Projection-based clustering is based on a nonlinear projection of high-dimensional data into a two-dimensional space. Typical projection-methods like t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), or neighbor retrieval visualizer (NerV) are ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random projection-Dimensionality reduction-Random projection is a simple and computationally efficient way to reduce the dimensionality of data by trading a controlled amount of error for faster processing times and smaller model sizes. The dimensions and distribution of random projection matrices are controlled so as... | large_corpus_distillation |
the student distribution with degrees of freedom\nS2(X,Y) T\nNote that is a weighted average of the sample variances, with the degrees of freedom as the weight factors. Note also that is a\n\u03bd\u2212\u03bc \u03bd\u2212\u03bc\npivot variable for and so we can construct confidence intervals for in the usual way.\n\u03... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Codensity monad-Examples-Ad\u00e1mek show that, in a number of situations, the codensity monad of the inclusion of finitely presented objects (also known as compact objects) is a double dualization monad with respect to a sufficiently nice cogenerating object. This recovers both the inclusion of finite sets in sets (w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood control-Terminology-There are a number of similar terms that are all used interchangeably: Flood control, flood mitigation, flood protection and flood alleviation are all terms that mean \"the detention and/or diversion of water during flood events for the purpose of reducing discharge or downstream inundation\"... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction unit-Instruction unit-The instruction unit (I-unit or IU), also called, e.g., instruction fetch unit (IFU), instruction issue unit (IIU), instruction sequencing unit (ISU), in a central processing unit (CPU) is responsible for organizing program instructions to be fetched from memory, and executed, in an a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PageRank algorithm in biochemistry-Application in analyzing protein networks-The relative importance-measuring property of the PageRank link analysis algorithm could be used to identify new possible drug targets in proteins. A PageRank-based algorithm could identify important protein targets in the pathogen organism b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elementary equivalence-Elementary embeddings-Elementary embeddings are the most important maps in model theory. In set theory, elementary embeddings whose domain is V (the universe of set theory) play an important role in the theory of large cardinals (see also Critical point)." | large_corpus_distillation |
across multiple CPUs The Spectre Power Option provides dedicated transistor-level electro-migration and IR drop (EM-IR) analysis that can be used on the command line or within the front-to-back flow, leveraging the Cadence Voltus-Fi Custom Power Integrity Solution Part of the Cadence Safety Solution providing fast faul... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stream crossing-Conveyance capacity-Often expressed in cubic feet per second (cfs), conveyance capacity is the amount of water a stream crossing structure will pass. The amount of water that can be predicted during flood conditions, such as a 100-year flood is one design consideration." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Perplexity-Perplexity of a probability distribution-The perplexity is 2\u22120.9 log2 0.9 - 0.1 log2 0.1= 1.38. The inverse of the perplexity (which, in the case of the fair k-sided die, represents the probability of guessing correctly), is 1/1.38 = 0.72, not 0.9.\nThe perplexity is the exponentiation of the entropy, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partial least squares regression-Algorithms-4 for k=0 to l\u22121 5 t(k)\u2190X(k)w(k) 6 tk\u2190t(k)Tt(k) (note this is a scalar) 7 t(k)\u2190t(k)/tk 8 p(k)\u2190X(k)Tt(k) 9 qk\u2190yTt(k) (note this is a scalar) 10 if qk=0 11 l\u2190k , break the for loop 12 if k<(l\u22121) 13 X(k+1)\u2190X(k)\u2212tkt(k)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sieve of Eratosthenes-Algorithmic complexity-The sieve of Eratosthenes is a popular way to benchmark computer performance. The time complexity of calculating all primes below n in the random access machine model is O(n log log n) operations, a direct consequence of the fact that the prime harmonic series asymptoticall... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Workflow pattern-Van der Aalst classification-Exclusive Choice - choose one execution path from many alternatives based on data that is available when the execution of the process reaches the exclusive choice Simple Merge - wait for one among a set of activities to complete before proceeding; it is assumed that only o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate kernel density estimation-Alternative optimality criteria-Its mathematical analysis is considerably more difficult than the MISE ones. In practice, the gain appears not to be significant. The L\u221e norm is the Mean Uniform Absolute Error MUAE sup x\u2061|f^H(x)\u2212f(x)|.\nwhich has been investigated o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropic uncertainty-Entropy versus variance bounds-The Gaussian or normal probability distribution plays an important role in the relationship between variance and entropy: it is a problem of the calculus of variations to show that this distribution maximizes entropy for a given variance, and at the same time minimiz... | large_corpus_distillation |
code using four elements, and the 1872 manual has a 3-element fixed length code using three elements. There is little sign that these codes were widely used. The 1872 manual includes a variable length code using four elements which Myer says was used by the Army, but is superseded." | large_corpus_distillation |
"IP (complexity)-Variants-Additionally, the graph nonisomorphism problem (which is a classical problem in IP) is also in compIP, since the only hard operation the prover has to do is isomorphism testing, which it can use the oracle to solve. Quadratic non-residuosity and graph isomorphism are also in compIP. Note, Quad... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional independence-Conditional independence of random variables-(X\u22a5\u22a5Y)\u2223W This notation extends X\u22a5\u22a5Y for \" X is independent of Y .\" If W assumes a countable set of values, this is equivalent to the conditional independence of X and Y for the events of the form [W=w] Conditional inde... | large_corpus_distillation |
and other restricted content, restrictions, and conditions and control over these functions including the authorization mechanism.\nFeedback and control for on-screen information banners, dialogues, and menus (including modal and other out-of band prompts).Interaction with interactive services and widgets.\nCustomizati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"WS-ReliableMessaging-Reliable Messaging Model-The WS-RM protocol defines and supports a number of Delivery Assurances. These are: AtLeastOnce Each message will be delivered to the AD at least once. If a message cannot be delivered, an error must be raised by the RMS and/or the RMD. Messages may be delivered to the AD ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayesian poisoning-Empirical results-The passive method of adding random words to a small spam was ineffective as a method of attack: only 0.04% of the modified spam messages were delivered. The active attack involved adding random words to a small spam and using a web bug to determine whether the spam was received. I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frequent subtree mining-TreeMiner-Prefix equivalence class Two k-sub-trees are said to be in the same prefix equivalence class if the string representation of them are identical up to the (k-1)-th node. In other words, all elements in a prefix equivalence class only differ by the last node. For example, two trees with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Concave function-Properties-The sum of two concave functions is itself concave and so is the pointwise minimum of two concave functions, i.e. the set of concave functions on a given domain form a semifield.\nNear a strict local maximum in the interior of the domain of a function, the function must be concave; as a par... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transducer-Sensors, actuators and transceivers-Transceivers integrate simultaneous bidirectional functionality. The most ubiquitous example are likely radio transceivers (in aircraft called transponders), used in virtually every form of wireless (tele-)communications and network device connections. Another example are... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Trace radioisotope-Elements-The elements that occur on Earth only in traces are listed below. Isotopes of other elements (not exhaustive): Tritium Beryllium-7 Beryllium-10 Carbon-14 Fluorine-18 Sodium-22 Sodium-24 Magnesium-28 Silicon-31 Silicon-32 Phosphorus-32 Sulfur-35 Sulfur-38 Chlorine-34m Chlorine-36 Chlorine-3... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Least squares-Solving the least squares problem-The gradient of the loss is: Setting the gradient of the loss to zero and solving for \u03b2 , we get: Non-linear least squares There is, in some cases, a closed-form solution to a non-linear least squares problem \u2013 but in general there is not. In the case of no cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Supervised learning-Algorithm choice-Redundancy in the data. If the input features contain redundant information (e.g., highly correlated features), some learning algorithms (e.g., linear regression, logistic regression, and distance based methods) will perform poorly because of numerical instabilities. These problems... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Purely inseparable extension-Purely inseparable extensions-Properties If the characteristic of a field F is a (non-zero) prime number p, and if E\u2287F is a purely inseparable extension, then if F\u2286K\u2286E , K is purely inseparable over F and E is purely inseparable over K. Furthermore, if [E : F] is finite, t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Context-free grammar-Derivations and syntax trees-Changing the choices made and not only the order they were made in usually affects which terminal string comes out at the end.\nLet's look at this in more detail. Consider the parse tree of this derivation: Starting at the top, step by step, an S in the tree is expande... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Climate-adaptive building shell-Future improvements on CABS-Several challenges must be faced to improve the growth of CABS. The first one is the creation of custom made software that could analyze dynamic systems based on a climatic pattern. Moreover, if the software can anticipate and examine the future consequences ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Description logic-Formal description-Notation Let C and D be concepts, a and b be individuals, and R be a role.\nIf a is R-related to b, then b is called an R-successor of a." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permutation group-Neutral element and inverses-The identity permutation, which maps every element of the set to itself, is the neutral element for this product. In two-line notation, the identity is (123\u22efn123\u22efn)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel Fisher discriminant analysis-Extending LDA-To extend LDA to non-linear mappings, the data, given as the \u2113 points xi, can be mapped to a new feature space, F, via some function \u03d5.\nIn this new feature space, the function that needs to be maximized is J(w)=wTSB\u03d5wwTSW\u03d5w, where SB\u03d5=(m2\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MIPS architecture-MIPS architecture-The MIPS architecture has several optional extensions. MIPS-3D which is a simple set of floating-point SIMD instructions dedicated to common 3D tasks, MDMX (MaDMaX) which is a more extensive integer SIMD instruction set using the 64-bit floating-point registers, MIPS16e which adds c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modified Richardson iteration-Equivalence to gradient descent-Consider minimizing the function F(x)=12\u2016A~x\u2212b~\u201622 . Since this is a convex function, a sufficient condition for optimality is that the gradient is zero ( \u2207F(x)=0 ) which gives rise to the equation A~TA~x=A~Tb~.\nDefine A=A~TA~ and b=... | large_corpus_distillation |
F\u2282T , suppose we have a probability measure \u03bcF on \u03a9F which is inner regular with respect to the product topology (induced by the \u03c4t ) on \u03a9F . Suppose also that this collection {\u03bcF} of measures satisfies the following compatibility relation: for finite subsets F\u2282G\u2282T , we hav... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coding theory approaches to nucleic acid design-Examples of code construction-Also, dH(ab\u00af,dRCcR)=dH(a,dRC)+dH(b\u00af,cR)=dH(a,dRC)+dH(c,bRC) Note that b and d both have weight w . This implies that bRC and dRC have weight n\u2212w And due to the weight constraint on w , we must have for all a,b,c,d\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thompson shell-History-The name \"shell\" for a command-line interpreter and the concept of making the shell a user program outside of the operating system kernel were introduced in Unix's precursor Multics." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Message queue-Remit and ownership-Ownership The message queue software can be either proprietary, open source or a mix of both. It is then run either on premise in private servers or on external cloud servers (message queuing service).\nProprietary options have the longest history, and include products from the incept... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dominating set-Algorithms and computational complexity-On the other hand, if the input graph is planar, the problem remains NP-hard, but a fixed-parameter algorithm is known. In fact, the problem has a kernel of size linear in k, and running times that are exponential in \u221ak and cubic in n may be obtained by apply... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Mathematical properties-Choice of the strategy set In the most generic version of the GAN game described above, the strategy set for the discriminator contains all Markov kernels \u03bcD:\u03a9\u2192P[0,1] , and the strategy set for the generator contains arbitrary probability distribut... | large_corpus_distillation |
magnitude of a batch normalized network, ||\u25bdyiL^|| , is bounded, with the bound expressed as ||\u25bdyiL^||2\u2264\u03b32\u03c3j2(||\u25bdyiL||2\u22121m\u27e81,\u25bdyiL\u27e92\u22121m\u27e8\u25bdyiL,y^j\u27e92) Since the gradient magnitude represents the Lipschitzness of the loss, this relationship indicates tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
_{g}^{*}\\,\\psi _{g}\\,dV=1} holds) will satisfy E[\u03c8g]=\u27e8\u03c8g|H^|\u03c8g\u27e9=\u222bR3\u03c8g\u2217H^\u03c8gdV\u2265E(0) ,with equality holding if and only if \u03c8g=\u03c8(0) . Thus, by minimizing E(c1,\u2026,cn)=E[\u03c8g] with respect to coefficients ci for normalized trial wavefunctions \u03c8g(c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Luzin space-Example of a Luzin set-Choose a collection of 2\u21350 meager subsets of R such that every meager subset is contained in one of them. By the continuum hypothesis, it is possible to enumerate them as S\u03b1 for countable ordinals \u03b1. For each countable ordinal \u03b2 choose a real number x\u03b2 that i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer factorization-Rigorous running time-The Schnorr\u2013Seysen\u2013Lenstra probabilistic algorithm has been rigorously proven by Lenstra and Pomerance to have expected running time Ln[12,1+o(1)] by replacing the GRH assumption with the use of multipliers.\nThe algorithm uses the class group of positive binary q... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text-to-image model-Text-to-image model-Text-to-image models generally combine a language model, which transforms the input text into a latent representation, and a generative image model, which produces an image conditioned on that representation. The most effective models have generally been trained on massive amoun... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Controlled natural language-Controlled natural language-The first type of languages (often called \"simplified\" or \"technical\" languages), for example ASD Simplified Technical English, Caterpillar Technical English, IBM's Easy English, are used in the industry to increase the quality of technical documentation, and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mental toughness-Sports and Mental Toughness-Mental toughness is an attribute that all athletes must have if they want to succeed in their given sport. Learning mental toughness at a young age (preferably during adolescence) can be vital to the success of one later in their sports career. Without mental toughness, one... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed source coding-Practical distributed source coding-The two codes C1 and C2 can be constructed as subcodes of the (7,4,3) Hamming code and thus has minimum distance of 3 . Given the generator matrix G of the original Hamming code, the generator matrix G1 for C1 is constructed by taking any two rows fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multinomial theorem-Interpretations-Number of unique permutations of words The multinomial coefficient (nk1,\u2026,km) is also the number of distinct ways to permute a multiset of n elements, where ki is the multiplicity of each of the ith element. For example, the number of distinct permutations of the letters of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Learning to rank-History-Practical usage by search engines Commercial web search engines began using machine learned ranking systems since the 2000s (decade). One of the first search engines to start using it was AltaVista (later its technology was acquired by Overture, and then Yahoo), which launched a gradient boost... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Row and column spaces-Column space-Relation to the left null space The left null space of A is the set of all vectors x such that xTA = 0T. It is the same as the null space of the transpose of A. The product of the matrix AT and the vector x can be written in terms of the dot product of vectors: ATx=[v1\u22c5xv2\u22c5... | large_corpus_distillation |
"T-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding-Software-The R package Rtsne implements t-SNE in R.\nELKI contains tSNE, also with Barnes-Hut approximation scikit-learn, a popular machine learning library in Python implements t-SNE with both exact solutions and the Barnes-Hut approximation.\nTensorboard, the visualization... | large_corpus_distillation |
"First-order logic-Semantics-Universal quantifiers (alternate). A formula \u2200x\u03c6(x) is true according to M if, for every d in the domain of discourse, \u03c6(cd) is true according to M.This alternate approach gives exactly the same truth values to all sentences as the approach via variable assignments." | large_corpus_distillation |
third element is a value, preferably from some controlled vocabulary, some reference (master) data. The combination of the metadata and master data elements results in a statement which is a metacontent statement i.e. \"metacontent = metadata + master data\". All of these elements can be thought of as \"vocabulary\". B... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reliability engineering-Reliability modeling-Quantitative system reliability parameters\u2014theory Quantitative requirements are specified using reliability parameters. The most common reliability parameter is the mean time to failure (MTTF), which can also be specified as the failure rate (this is expressed as a fre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Formal methods-Uses-Proponents of such systems argue that the results have greater mathematical certainty than human-produced proofs, since all the tedious details have been algorithmically verified. The training required to use such systems is also less than that required to produce good mathematical proofs by hand, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Return-oriented programming-Background-With data execution prevention, an adversary cannot directly execute instructions written to a buffer because the buffer's memory section is marked as non-executable. To defeat this protection, a return-oriented programming attack does not inject malicious instructions, but rathe... | large_corpus_distillation |
matrix V =AAT is symmetric, but only positive semi-\ndefinite. The random vector X=\u03bc+AZ takes values in a lower dimensional affine subspace of Rn that has measure 0 relative to n-\ndimensional Lebesgue measure \u03bb n. Thus, X does not have a probability density function relative to \u03bb n, and so the distribut... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proportion extend sort-Algorithm-If there is no limit on the unsorted part (p=\u221e), then the algorithm is equivalent to quicksort. If the unsorted part is of length 1 (p=0, almost), then the algorithm is equivalent to binary insertion sort. Values around p\u224816 give the best average-case performance, competitive... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Not-all-equal 3-satisfiability-Hardness-Monotone NAE3SAT can also be interpreted as an instance of the set splitting problem, or as a generalization of graph bipartiteness testing to 3-uniform hypergraphs: it asks whether the vertices of a hypergraph can be colored with two colors so that no hyperedge is monochromatic... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matching polytope-The facets of the matching polytope-1E(S) \u00b7 x \u2264 (|S| \u2212 1)/2 (where S spans a 2-connected factor-critical subgraph.) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (C++)-Hardware stack-Popping the stack is simply the inverse of pushing. The topmost item in the stack is removed and the stack pointer is updated, in the opposite order of that used in the push operation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile local search-Differences from Web search-Some of the advancements by the major portals in Internet search, such as Google's famous page-ranking scheme, do not apply in the wireless world since people are not searching for Web sites as much as answers to specific questions. 2006 showed a significant movement to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache prefetching-Methods of hardware prefetching-Temporal prefetching This class of prefetchers look for memory access streams that repeat over time. E.g. In this stream of memory accesses: N, A, B, C, E, G, H, A, B, C, I, J, K, A, B, C, L, M, N, O, A, B, C, ....; the stream A,B,C is repeating over time. Other design... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rotor machine-Mechanization-In order to be as easy to decipher as encipher, some rotor machines, most notably the Enigma machine, embodied a symmetric-key algorithm, i.e., encrypting twice with the same settings recovers the original message (see involution)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Python (programming language)-Syntax and semantics-Python has a \"string format\" operator % that functions analogously to printf format strings in C\u2014e.g. \"spam=%s eggs=%d\" % (\"blah\", 2) evaluates to \"spam=blah eggs=2\". In Python 2.6+ and 3+, this was supplemented by the format() method of the str class, e.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime avoidance lemma-Statement and proof-The following statement and argument are perhaps the most standard." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decimal floating point-Decimal floating point-The advantage of decimal floating-point representation over decimal fixed-point and integer representation is that it supports a much wider range of values. For example, while a fixed-point representation that allocates 8 decimal digits and 2 decimal places can represent t... | large_corpus_distillation |
of mutations in the input set. Since we only have one item the next set of combinations of quadruplets is empty so the algorithm will stop." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel embedding of distributions-Applications-Kernel belief propagation Belief propagation is a fundamental algorithm for inference in graphical models in which nodes repeatedly pass and receive messages corresponding to the evaluation of conditional expectations. In the kernel embedding framework, the messages may b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimum bottleneck spanning tree-Definitions-The graph on the right is an example of MBSA, the red edges in the graph form a MBSA of G(V, E)." | large_corpus_distillation |
a spin-off company of the two project partners of COPACOBANA has enhanced and developed successors of COPACOBANA. In 2008 their COPACOBANA RIVYERA reduced the time to break DES to the current record of less than one day, using 128 Spartan-3 5000's. It is generally believed that large government code breaking organizati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rijndael MixColumns-Galois Multiplication lookup tables-Commonly, rather than implementing Galois multiplication, Rijndael implementations simply use pre-calculated lookup tables to perform the byte multiplication by 2, 3, 9, 11, 13, and 14." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntactic predicate-Syntactic predicate-More formally, a syntactic predicate is a form of production intersection, used in parser specifications or in formal grammars. In this sense, the term predicate has the meaning of a mathematical indicator function. If p1 and p2, are production rules, the language generated by b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Database schema-Database schema-A database generally stores its schema in a data dictionary. Although a schema is defined in text database language, the term is often used to refer to a graphical depiction of the database structure. In other words, schema is the structure of the database that defines the objects in th... | large_corpus_distillation |
cooperation with the CMA and is seeking to drive engagement with market participants on the design of testing between now and at least the beginning of General Availability in Q3 2023." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Environmental Modeling Center-Branches-Modeling and Data Assimilation Branch Verification, Post-processing and Product Generation Branch Engineering and Implementation Branch " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bron\u2013Kerbosch algorithm-Example-The iteration of the inner loop of the algorithm for v = 2 makes a recursive call to the algorithm with R = {2}, P = {1,3,5}, and X = \u00d8. Within this recursive call, one of 1 or 5 will be chosen as a pivot, and there will be two second-level recursive calls, one for vertex 3 an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of C Sharp and Java-Types-In both C# and Java, programmers can use enumerations in a switch statement without conversion to a string or primitive integer type. However, C# disallows implicit fall-through unless the case statement does not contain any code, as it is a common cause of hard-to-find bugs. Fall-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information content-Derivation-As a quick illustration, the information content associated with an outcome of 4 heads (or any specific outcome) in 4 consecutive tosses of a coin would be 4 shannons (probability 1/16), and the information content associated with getting a result other than the one specified would be ~0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Programming language specification-Semantics-The chief advantage of this approach to semantic description is that it is easy to determine whether a language implementation passes a test suite. The user can simply execute all the programs in the test suite, and compare the outputs to the desired outputs. However, when ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponentiation-Integer powers in algebra-In Fq, the Freshman's dream identity (x+y)p=xp+yp is true for the exponent p. As xp=x in Fq, It follows that the map F:Fq\u2192Fqx\u21a6xp is linear over Fq, and is a field automorphism, called the Frobenius automorphism. If q=pk, the field Fq has k automorphisms, which a... | large_corpus_distillation |
K+ and K\u2212 have the same dimension.\nAn example Consider the Hilbert space L2[0,1]. On the subspace of absolutely continuous function that vanish on the boundary, define the operator A by Af=iddxf.\nIntegration by parts shows A is symmetric. Its adjoint A* is the same operator with Dom(A*) being the absolutely cont... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OpenTG-Developer information-This project is founded and currently led by Chris Tusa. It is hosted on Bitbucket and uses Mercurial for source code control. Snapshots are cloned to GitHub and downloadable tarballs are made available at various intervals for testing.. Developers can find information about contributing o... | large_corpus_distillation |
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