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"Truthful cake-cutting-Piecewise-uniform valuations-Give Alice the intervals in [0,x] valued by Alice and the intervals in [x,1] not valued by Bob; give the remainder to Bob.The BHS mechanism works both for cake-cutting and for chore division (where the agents' valuations are negative). Note that BHS does not satisfy s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transport Layer Security-Protocol details-To start the handshake, the client guesses which key exchange algorithm will be selected by the server and sends a ClientHello message to the server containing a list of supported ciphers (in order of the client's preference) and public keys for some or all of its key exchange... | large_corpus_distillation |
effect. They may be important when there are few observations \u2014 especially when so few that there have been few, if any, observations of some possibilities \u2013 such as a rare animal, in a given region. Also important when there are many observations, where it is believed that the expectation should be heavily w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Derivative of the exponential map-Proof-Dividing the unit interval into N sections \u0394s = \u0394k/N (\u0394k = 1 since the sum indices are integers) and letting N \u2192 \u221e, \u0394k \u2192 dk, k/N \u2192 s, \u03a3 \u2192 \u222b yields ddteX(t)=\u222b01e(1\u2212s)XX\u2032esXds=eX\u222b01Ade\u2212sXX\u2032ds=eX\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
a competency model Because skills are changing so rapidly, by the time the traditional method is completed, the competency model may already be out of date." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random oracle-Ideal Permutation-An ideal permutation is an idealized object sometimes used in cryptography to model the behaviour of a permutation whose outputs are indistinguishable from those of a random permutation. In the ideal permutation model, an additional oracle access is given to the ideal permutation and it... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix multiplication algorithm-Parallel and distributed algorithms-This algorithm has a critical path length of \u0398(log2 n) steps, meaning it takes that much time on an ideal machine with an infinite number of processors; therefore, it has a maximum possible speedup of \u0398(n3/log2 n) on any real computer. The a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Emotion and memory-Arousal and valence in memory-Thus, findings that participants' memory for negative non-arousing words suffers with divided attention, and that the memory advantage for negative, non-arousing words can be eliminated when participants encode items while simultaneously performing a secondary task, has... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hindley\u2013Milner type system-Proving the algorithm-W is also needed to prove completeness, which is factored by him into the soundness proof.\nProof obligations Before formulating the proof obligations, a deviation between the rules systems D and S and the algorithms presented needs to be emphasized." | large_corpus_distillation |
in high-speed device drivers, such as network or disk, where the time lost in returning to the pre-interrupt task is greater than the time until the next required servicing. (Common I/O hardware in use these days relies heavily upon DMA and large data buffers to make up for a relatively poorly-performing interrupt syst... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bag-of-words model-Hashing trick-A common alternative to using dictionaries is the hashing trick, where words are mapped directly to indices with a hashing function. Thus, no memory is required to store a dictionary. Hash collisions are typically dealt via freed-up memory to increase the number of hash buckets. In pra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ehrhart polynomial-Definition-The Ehrhart polynomial of the interior of a closed convex polytope P can be computed as: int \u2061(P),t)=(\u22121)dL(P,\u2212t), where d is the dimension of P. This result is known as Ehrhart\u2013Macdonald reciprocity." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Temporal annotation-About-In natural language texts, events may be associated with times; e.g., they may start or end at a given at a time. Events are also associated with other events, like occurring before or after them. We call these relations temporal relations. Temporal relation typing classifies the relation bet... | large_corpus_distillation |
4-item scale measuring individual preference for polychronicity, in the following statements:\"I do not like to juggle several activities at the same time\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational hardness assumption-Common cryptographic hardness assumptions-RSA problem Given a composite number n , exponent e and number := me(modn) , the RSA problem is to find m The problem is conjectured to be hard, but becomes easy given the factorization of n . In the RSA cryptosystem, (n,e) is the publi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fibonacci number-Definition-The Fibonacci numbers may be defined by the recurrence relation and for n > 1.\nUnder some older definitions, the value F0=0 is omitted, so that the sequence starts with F1=F2=1, and the recurrence Fn=Fn\u22121+Fn\u22122 is valid for n > 2.The first 20 Fibonacci numbers Fn are: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"32-bit computing-Range for storing integers-A 32-bit register can store 232 different values. The range of integer values that can be stored in 32 bits depends on the integer representation used. With the two most common representations, the range is 0 through 4,294,967,295 (232 \u2212 1) for representation as an (uns... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Answer set programming-Examples of ASP programs-This program is an example of the more general \"generate, define and test\" organization: it includes the definition of an auxiliary predicate that helps us eliminate all \"bad\" potential solutions.\nDependency parsing In natural language processing, dependency-based p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vapnik\u2013Chervonenkis theory-VC inequality-Let Dn={(X1,Y1),\u2026,(Xn,Ym)} is an observed dataset. Assume that the data is generated by an unknown probability distribution PXY . Define R(f)=P(f(X)\u2260Y) to be the expected 0/1 loss. Of course since PXY is unknown in general, one has no access to R(f) . Howeve... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bar induction-Definition-This principle of bar induction is used in the works of A. S. Troelstra, S. C. Kleene, Dragalin and Joan Moschovakis." | large_corpus_distillation |
depending on the requirements.Hardware and software for machine learning or neural networks tend to use half precision: such applications usually do a large amount of calculation, but don't require a high level of precision. Due to hardware typically not supporting 16-bit half precision floats, neural networks often us... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Time Stamp Counter-Other architectures-Other processors also have registers which count CPU clock cycles, but with different names. For instance, on the AVR32, it is called the Performance Clock Counter (PCCNT) register. SPARC V9 provides the TICK register. PowerPC provides the 64-bit TBR register.\nARMv7 and ARMv8-A ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Imieli\u0144ski\u2013Lipski algebra-Imieli\u0144ski\u2013Lipski algebra-Indeed, regardless what semester Igor took the Networks class (no matter what was the unknown value of NULL), the selection condition will be true. This \u201cIgor\u201d will be missed by SQL and the SQL answer won\u2019t be complete according to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"OPC Unified Architecture-OPC UA APIs-Java implementation Various stacks for Java were being developed. Similar to .NET, there are principally three variants: Encapsulate the complete ANSI C stack via JNI, which complicates portability. Although the stack can be ported to different operating systems, it needs to get co... | large_corpus_distillation |
the 4, 8, 9 of the values 1, 2, 5); this allows computing the distribution of such extrema among all permutations. A permutation with Lehmer code dn, dn\u22121, ..., d2, d1 has an ascent n \u2212 i if and only if di \u2265 di+1." | large_corpus_distillation |
since \u0394E=\u2212\u2211<l,m>Jlm(\u03c3l\u2032\u03c3m\u2032\u2212\u03c3l\u03c3m)=\u2212\u2211<l,m>Jlm[\u03b4\u03c3l\u2032,\u03c3m\u2032\u2212(1\u2212\u03b4\u03c3l\u2032,\u03c3m\u2032)\u2212\u03b4\u03c3l,\u03c3m+(1\u2212\u03b4\u03c3l,\u03c3m)]=\u22122\u2211<l,m>Jlm(\u03b4\u03c3l\u2032,\u03c3m\u2032\u2212\u03b4\u03c3l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Runtime (program lifecycle phase)-Application errors (exceptions)-Exception handling is one language feature designed to handle runtime errors, providing a structured way to catch completely unexpected situations as well as predictable errors or unusual results without the amount of inline error checking required of l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evaluation measures (information retrieval)-Evaluation measures (information retrieval)-Evaluation measures for an information retrieval (IR) system assess how well an index, search engine or database returns results from a collection of resources that satisfy a user's query. They are therefore fundamental to the succ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and A is updated in an efficient and numerically stable way. However, for reference, we may write the matrix as Qk\u2113=[1\u22f10c\u22efs\u22ee\u22f1\u22ee\u2212s\u22efc0\u22f11]." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptography standards-Digital signature standards-Digital Signature Standard (DSS), based on the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA) RSA Elliptic Curve DSA " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heterogeneous random walk in one dimension-Results for random walks in one dimension-Also, in Eq. (1), and with and For L = 1, \u03a6\u00af(s;L)=1 . In this paper, the symbol [L/2], as appearing in the upper bound of the sum in eq. (5) is the floor operation (round towards zero). Finally, the factor \u03a6(s,L~) in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random-access memory-Addressing-Usually several memory cells share the same address. For example, a 4 bit 'wide' RAM chip has 4 memory cells for each address. Often the width of the memory and that of the microprocessor are different, for a 32 bit microprocessor, eight 4 bit RAM chips would be needed.\nOften more addr... | large_corpus_distillation |
to other methods for achieving this important end.\" Despite the ruling in favour of Comcast, a study by Measurement Lab in October 2011 verified that Comcast had virtually stopped its BitTorrent throttling practices." | large_corpus_distillation |
"List update problem-Adversary models-An adversary is an entity that gets to choose the request sequence \u03c3 for an algorithm ALG. Depending on whether \u03c3 can be changed based on the strategy of ALG, adversaries are given various powers, and the performance of ALG is measured against these adversaries.\nAn obl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Commutator subspace-Consequences of the characterisation-Every operator in J is a sum of commutators if and only if the corresponding Calkin sequence space j is invariant under taking Ces\u00e0ro means. In symbols, Com(J) = J is equivalent to C(j) = j, where C denotes the Ces\u00e0ro operator on sequences.\nIn any two... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shifting nth root algorithm-Performance-On each iteration, the most time-consuming task is to select \u03b2 . We know that there are B possible values, so we can find \u03b2 using log \u2061(B)) comparisons. Each comparison will require evaluating (By+\u03b2)n\u2212Bnyn . In the kth iteration, y has k digits, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"b. Interpret the slope of the graph of S.\nc. Use part a. to predict the year when online shopping during Christmas will reach $60 billion.\n47) [T] A family bakery makes cupcakes and sells them at local outdoor festivals. For a music festival, there is a fixed cost of $125\nto set up a cupcake stand. The owner estima... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P-adic valuation-Definition and properties-Integers The p-adic valuation of an integer n is defined to be if if n=0, where N denotes the set of natural numbers and m\u2223n denotes divisibility of n by m . In particular, \u03bdp is a function \u03bdp:Z\u2192N\u222a{\u221e} .For example, 12 )=2 , 12 )=1 , an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Address space layout randomization-Benefits-Address space randomization hinders some types of security attacks by making it more difficult for an attacker to predict target addresses. For example, attackers trying to execute return-to-libc attacks must locate the code to be executed, while other attackers trying to ex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Root-mean-square deviation-Root-mean-square deviation-RMSD is the square root of the average of squared errors. The effect of each error on RMSD is proportional to the size of the squared error; thus larger errors have a disproportionately large effect on RMSD. Consequently, RMSD is sensitive to outliers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques-General description-Signal subspace The relation A2=A1H is the first major observation required for ESPRIT. The second major observation concerns the signal subspace that can be computed from the output signals {\\textstyle \\mathbf {y} [t]} . We ... | large_corpus_distillation |
precision for all possible input values in sub-microsecond time. The algorithm comprises an initial guess based on matched asymptotic expansions, plus (always exactly) two Householder improvement steps (of convergence order 4), making this a three-step (i.e., non-iterative) procedure. A reference implementation in C++ ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nonlinear regression-General-For details concerning nonlinear data modeling see least squares and non-linear least squares." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nihilist cipher-Nihilist cipher-In the history of cryptography, the Nihilist cipher is a manually operated symmetric encryption cipher, originally used by Russian Nihilists in the 1880s to organize terrorism against the tsarist regime. The term is sometimes extended to several improved algorithms used much later for c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Object Process Methodology-Syntax and semantics-Condition instrument link: Graphically, a line with an empty circle (\"white lollipop\") at the terminal end, extending from an instrument object to the process it enables, with the small letter c (for condition) near the process end, shall denote a condition instrument ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Command and control-Derivative terms-There is a plethora of derivative terms that emphasize various aspects, uses, and sub-domains of C2. These terms are accompanied by numerous associated abbreviations. For example, in addition to C2, command and control is often abbreviated as C2 and sometimes as C&C \"Command and c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P(W =\u22121)= 6 P(W =1)= 5\n1. ,\n11 11\nE(W)=\u2212 1 \u2248\u22120.0909\n2.\n11\nsd(W)\u22480.9959\n3.\nIn the craps experiment, select the big 6 bet. Run the simulation 1000 times and compare the empirical density function and\nW\nmoments of to the true probability density function and moments. Suppose that you be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Google Web Server-Google Web Server-Google Web Server (GWS) is proprietary web server software that Google uses for its web infrastructure. GWS is used exclusively inside Google's ecosystem for website hosting.\nIn 2008 GWS team was led by Bharat Mediratta. GWS is sometimes described as one of the most guarded compone... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word order-Phrase word orders and branching-For example, French (SVO) uses prepositions (dans la voiture, \u00e0 gauche), and places adjectives after (une voiture spacieuse). However, a small class of adjectives generally go before their heads (une grande voiture). On the other hand, in English (also SVO) adjectives a... | large_corpus_distillation |
now show that the perceptron algorithm indeed convergences in a finite number of\nupdates. The same analysis will also help us understand how the linear classifier generalizes\nto unseen images. To this end, we will assume that all the (training) images have bounded\nEuclidean norms, i.e., \ufffdx \ufffd \u2264 R for a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of e-book formats-Format descriptions-This reduces the possibility of inadvertent introduction of malicious content and simplifies the implementation of compatible renderers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phi coefficient-Multiclass case-The Matthews correlation coefficient has been generalized to the multiclass case. This generalization was called the RK statistic (for K different classes) by the author, and defined in terms of a K\u00d7K confusion matrix C MCC =\u2211k\u2211l\u2211mCkkClm\u2212CklCmk\u2211k(\u2211l... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordered exponential field-Definition-An exponential {\\textstyle E} on an ordered field {\\textstyle K} is a strictly increasing isomorphism of the additive group of {\\textstyle K} onto the multiplicative group of positive elements of {\\textstyle K} . The ordered field K together with the additional function E... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CRM114 (program)-Operation-CRM114 has been applied to email filtering in the KMail client and a number of other applications, including detection of bots on Twitter and Yahoo, as well as the first-level filter in the US Dept of Transportation's vehicle defect detection system. It has also been used as a predictive met... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spontaneous breathing trial-Valid methods-In all of the methods below, the common endpoint measurement is a Rapid Shallow Breathing Index (Tobin Index) of less than or equal to 105. The RSBI (\"Riz-bee\") is simply the ratio of respiratory frequency in respirations per minute to tidal volume in liters (f/Vt). Certainl... | large_corpus_distillation |
SN denotes Surreal Numbers, CWEB denotes the book The CWEB System of Structured Documentation, DA denotes the book Selected Papers on Design of Algorithms, FG denotes the book Selected Papers on Fun and Games, and MM denotes the book MMIXware - A RISC Computer for the Third Millennium." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Patch-sequencing-Downstream data analysis-Designing workflow for processing and combining the resulting multimodal data depends on the particular research question patch-seq is being applied to. In cell typing studies the data should be compared with existing scRNA-seq studies with larger sample sizes (in the order of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Strachey love letter algorithm-The algorithm-Rather than modeling writing as a creative process, the love letter algorithm represents the writing of love letters as formulaic and without creativity. The algorithm has the following structure: Print two words taken from a list of salutations Do the following 5 times: Ch... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enfilade (Xanadu)-Structure and properties-The relative nature of wids and dsps allows subtrees to be rearranged within an enfilade. By changing the dsp at the top of a subtree, the keys of all the data underneath are implicitly changed. Edit operations in enfilades are performed by \"cutting,\" or splitting the tree ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scoring rule-Examples of proper scoring rules-Spherical score The spherical scoring rule is also a strictly proper scoring rule S(r,i)=ri\u2016r\u2016=rir12+\u22ef+rc2 Continuous variables Continuous ranked probability score The continuous ranked probability score (CRPS) is a strictly proper scoring rule much used in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Univalent function-Comparison with real functions-For real analytic functions, unlike for complex analytic (that is, holomorphic) functions, these statements fail to hold. For example, consider the function f:(\u22121,1)\u2192(\u22121,1) given by \u0192(x) = x3. This function is clearly injective, but its derivative i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sturm's theorem-The theorem-The Sturm chain or Sturm sequence of a univariate polynomial P(x) with real coefficients is the sequence of polynomials P0,P1,\u2026, such that rem \u2061(Pi\u22121,Pi), for i \u2265 1, where P' is the derivative of P, and rem \u2061(Pi\u22121,Pi) is the remainder of the Euclidean divisi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"General recursive function-Definition-Primitive or \"basic\" functions: Constant functions Ckn: For each natural number n and every k Cnk(x1,\u2026,xk)=defn Alternative definitions use instead a zero function as a primitive function that always returns zero, and build the constant functions from the zero function, the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of privilege authorization features-Security considerations-Using a terminal based client (standalone or within a desktop/GUI): su and sudo run in the terminal, where they are vulnerable to spoofed input. Of course, if the user was not running a multitasking environment (i.e. a single user in the shell only... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jackson structured programming-Techniques for handling difficult design problems-Another kind of problem involved what Jackson called \"recognition difficulties\" and today we would call parsing problems. The basic JSP design technique was supplemented by POSIT and QUIT operations to allow the design of what we would ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence spacing in language and style guides-Language guides-The German language manual Empfehlungen des Rats f\u00fcr deutsche Rechtschreibung, or \"Recommendations of the Council for German Orthography\" (2006), does not address sentence spacing. However, the manual itself uses one space after terminal punctuation.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Racial diversity and discrimination in STEM fields-Race imbalance in STEM in the United States-Education and degree attainment Racial disparities in high school completion are a prominent reason for racial imbalances in STEM fields. While only 1.8% of Asian and 4.1% of White students drop out of high school, 5.6% of B... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Piconet-Overview-Piconet range varies according to the class of the Bluetooth device. Data transfer rates vary between about 200 and 2100 kilobits per second.\nBecause the Bluetooth system hops over 79 channels, the probability of interfering with another Bluetooth system is less than 1.5%. This allows several Bluetoo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hidden subgroup problem-Motivation-The existence of efficient quantum algorithms for HSPs for certain non-Abelian groups would imply efficient quantum algorithms for two major problems: the graph isomorphism problem and certain shortest vector problems (SVPs) in lattices. More precisely, an efficient quantum algorithm... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dereference operator-Uses-Relative addresses are a form of manual memory segmentation, and share many of its advantages and disadvantages. A two-byte offset, containing a 16-bit, unsigned integer, can be used to provide relative addressing for up to 64 KiB (216 bytes) of a data structure. This can easily be extended t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mean absolute error-Related measures-This optimization-based definition of the median is useful in statistical data-analysis, for example, in k-medians clustering.\nProof of optimality Statement: The classifier minimising E|y\u2212y^| is Median (y|X=x) Proof: The Loss functions for classification is Differentiating... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Message Abstraction Layer-Disadvantages-The MAL will not support features of the underlying protocol beyond the \"least common denominator\" defined in the MAL. Messaging features (e.g. threading model, QoS, etc.) are limited to a simpler subset that represent the intersection of all of the underlying middleware optio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weight-balanced tree-Set operations and bulk operations-Join: The function Join is on two weight-balanced trees t1 and t2 and a key k and will return a tree containing all elements in t1, t2 as well as k. It requires k to be greater than all keys in t1 and smaller than all keys in t2. If the two trees have the balance... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Set (abstract data type)-Implementations-As sets can be interpreted as a kind of map (by the indicator function), sets are commonly implemented in the same way as (partial) maps (associative arrays) \u2013 in this case in which the value of each key-value pair has the unit type or a sentinel value (like 1) \u2013 name... | large_corpus_distillation |
the least frequently used letters in the English language.The idea that humor can be predicted by a word's entropy corresponds to the work of 19th-century German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who posited that humor is a product of one's expectations being violated. According to Westbury, \"One reason puns are funny ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-groups of a field-Low degrees-The map sending a finite-dimensional F-vector space to its dimension induces an isomorphism K0(F)\u2245Z for any field F. Next, K1(F)=F\u00d7, the multiplicative group of F.\nThe second K-group of a field is described in terms of generators and relations by Matsumoto's theorem." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type system-Type checking-Static typing can find type errors reliably at compile time, which increases the reliability of the delivered program. However, programmers disagree over how commonly type errors occur, resulting in further disagreements over the proportion of those bugs that are coded that would be caught by... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decimal64 floating-point format-Decimal64 floating-point format-Decimal64 supports 16 decimal digits of significand and an exponent range of \u2212383 to +384, i.e. \u00b10.000000000000000\u00d710^\u2212383 to \u00b19.999999999999999\u00d710^384. (Equivalently, \u00b10000000000000000\u00d710^\u2212398 to \u00b19999999... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pharmacovigilance-Risk management-Data mining pharmacovigilance databases is one approach that has become increasingly popular with the availability of extensive data sources and inexpensive computing resources. The data sources (databases) may be owned by a pharmaceutical company, a drug regulatory authority, or a la... | large_corpus_distillation |
6. The cumulative yield for the final two steps was 55%, and the total yield for the synthesis was 37%." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Picture superiority effect-Direction for future studies-Clinical setting to evaluate pictures for health communication (Houts, C.Doak, L.Doak &Loscalzo, 2006) Empirical studies on simplicity of picture for encoding and decoding the pictorial information " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autocrypt-Method-Autocrypt-capable email clients transparently negotiate encryption capabilities and preferences and exchange keys between users alongside sending regular emails. This is done by including the key material and encryption preferences in the header of each email, which allows encrypting any message to a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Spring Back Compensation-Practical example: electronic bending tools with spring-back compensation-If the measuring accuracy is 0.1\u00ba, a high angle accuracy of +/- 0.2\u00ba is achieved instantly with the first workpiece without any rework. Because no adjustments are required, material waste amounts and setup time... | large_corpus_distillation |
benchmark tool, to evaluate the quality of other heuristics. To find high-quality local minima within a controlled computational time but without optimality guarantees, other works have explored metaheuristics and other global optimization techniques, e.g., based on incremental approaches and convex optimization, rando... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Full-text search-Full-text search-In a full-text search, a search engine examines all of the words in every stored document as it tries to match search criteria (for example, text specified by a user). Full-text-searching techniques appeared in the 1960s, for example IBM STAIRS from 1969, and became common in online b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Materials Science and Engineering A-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is indexed and abstracted in the following bibliographic databases: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2021 impact factor of 6.004, ranking 9th out of 79 in the category 'Metallurgy & Metallurgical Engineering'." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artin's theorem on induced characters-Statement-In Linear Representation of Finite Groups Serre states in Chapter 9.2, 17 the theorem in the following, more general way: Let G finite group, X family of subgroups.\nThen the following are equivalent: G=\u222ag\u2208G,H\u2208Xg\u22121Hg character of G\u2203\u03c7H,H\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime-counting function-Algorithms for evaluating \u03c0(x)-A simple way to find \u03c0(x) , if x is not too large, is to use the sieve of Eratosthenes to produce the primes less than or equal to x and then to count them." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mismatch loss-Calculation-If the reflection coefficient is known, mismatch can be calculated by M L d B = \u2212 10 log 10 \u2061 ( 1 \u2212 \u03c1 2 ) ML_{\\mathrm {dB} }=-10\\log _{10}{\\bigg (}1-\\rho ^{2}{\\bigg )}\\, In terms of the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR): M L d B = \u2212 10 log 10 \u2061 ( 1 \u2212 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DNA annotation-Quality control-Re-annotation Annotation projects often rely on previous annotations of an organism's genome; however, these older annotations may contain errors that can propagate to new annotations. As new genome analysis technologies are developed and richer databases become available, the annotation... | large_corpus_distillation |
"23.8: ADULTHOOD\nEARLY ADULTHOOD\n\uf08d MULTI-GENERATIONS Early adulthood coincides more or less with the 20s and early 30s.\nDuring early adulthood, people generally form intimate relationships,\nThis family image includes an elderly woman and her young-adult\nboth in friendship and in love. Many people become engag... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bernoulli process-Law of large numbers, binomial distribution and central limit theorem-The size of this set is interesting, also, and can be explicitly determined: the logarithm of it is exactly the entropy of the Bernoulli process. Once again, consider the set of all strings of length n. The size of this set is 2n ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C\u03c9-Architecture of LINQ in the .NET Framework-Join / GroupJoin The Join operator performs an inner join on two collections, based on matching keys for objects in each collection. It takes two functions as delegates, one for each collection, that it executes on each object in the collection to extract the key from... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bootstrapping (statistics)-Deriving confidence intervals from the bootstrap distribution-Accelerated bootstrap \u2013 The bias-corrected and accelerated (BCa) bootstrap, by Efron (1987), adjusts for both bias and skewness in the bootstrap distribution. This approach is accurate in a wide variety of settings, has reaso... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PALFA Survey-Data processing and storage-The second pipeline is based on PRESTO, a large suite of pulsar search and analysis software developed by Scott Ransom. It employs a Fourier-domain acceleration search technique, which compensates for the loss of detection sensitivity in a traditional periodicity search due to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LabelTag-LabelTag-An older alternative disc labeling technique was DiscT@2. To record the label on the opposite or back side of the disc by the drive itself LightScribe and LabelFlash are current standards. Besides that, printing using an inkjet printer is currently widely used." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thread (computing)-History-Threads made an early appearance under the name of \"tasks\" in OS/360 Multiprogramming with a Variable Number of Tasks (MVT) in 1967. Saltzer (1966) credits Victor A. Vyssotsky with the term \"thread\".The use of threads in software applications became more common in the early 2000s as CPUs... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complex inverse Wishart distribution-Moments-The variances and covariances of the elements of the inverse complex Wishart distribution are shown in Shaman's paper above while Maiwald and Kraus determine the 1-st through 4-th moments.\nShaman finds the first moment to be E[CW\u22121]=1n\u2212p\u03a8\u22121,n>p and, in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software construction-Practical considerations-Visual notations which rely much less on the text-oriented notations of both linguistic and formal construction, and instead rely on direct visual interpretation and placement of visual entities that represent the underlying software.Programmers working in a language they... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transform coding-Transform coding-Transform coding is a type of data compression for \"natural\" data like audio signals or photographic images. The transformation is typically lossless (perfectly reversible) on its own but is used to enable better (more targeted) quantization, which then results in a lower quality co... | large_corpus_distillation |
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