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"JavaScript-Security-Browser and plugin coding errors JavaScript provides an interface to a wide range of browser capabilities, some of which may have flaws such as buffer overflows. These flaws can allow attackers to write scripts that would run any code they wish on the user's system. This code is not by any means li... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropy (information theory)-Introduction-The information content, also called the surprisal or self-information, of an event E is a function which increases as the probability p(E) of an event decreases. When p(E) is close to 1, the surprisal of the event is low, but if p(E) is close to 0, the surprisal of the ev... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Greatest common divisor-Calculation-Both a and b are even.Then 2 is a common divisor. Divide both a and b by 2, increment d by 1 to record the number of times 2 is a common divisor and continue.\na is even and b is odd.Then 2 is not a common divisor. Divide a by 2 and continue.\na is odd and b is even.Then 2 is not a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apdex-Problems addressed-When engaging in application performance management, for example in the course of website monitoring, enterprises collect many measurements of the performance of information technology applications. However, this measurement data may not provide a clear and simple picture of how well those app... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance and contravariance (computer science)-Generic types-In the common case of a generic data structure IList, covariant parameters are used for methods getting data out of the structure, and contravariant parameters for methods putting data into the structure. The mnemonic for Producer Extends, Consumer Super (... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bird anatomy-Digestive system-Drinking behaviour There are three general ways in which birds drink: using gravity itself, sucking, and by using the tongue. Fluid is also obtained from food.\nMost birds are unable to swallow by the \"sucking\" or \"pumping\" action of peristalsis in their esophagus (as humans do), and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Otway\u2013Rees protocol-Attacks on the protocol-Boyd and Mao observe that the original description does not require that S check the plaintext A and B to be the same as the A and B in the two ciphertexts. This allows an intruder masquerading as B to intercept the first message, then send the second message to S const... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Telephone slamming-Methods-The problem has not been limited to landlines. In Britain, complaints have been received by OFCOM relating to mobile telephone contracts being renewed without the consent of customers.There have also been cases of slamming for secondary services (such as voice mail, etc.), or of mobile telep... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phonetic reversal-Phonetic reversal-According to proponents of reverse speech, phonetic reversal occurs unknowingly during normal speech." | large_corpus_distillation |
authors published their work in 1978 in Martin Gardner's Scientific American column, and the algorithm came to be known as RSA, from their initials. RSA uses exponentiation modulo a product of two very large primes, to encrypt and decrypt, performing both public key encryption and public key digital signatures. Its sec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Design of the FAT file system-Reserved sectors area-640 KB: Bytes per logical sector: 256 bytes, logical sectors per cluster: 8, reserved logical sectors: 16, number of FATs: 1, root directory entries: 112, total logical sectors: 2560, FAT ID: 0xFF, logical sectors per FAT: 2, physical sectors per track: 16, number of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File system API-API overviews-Similar to the open, it must be expected that something may go wrong.\nThe specification of the object may be incorrect.\nThere may not be sufficient capacity on the media to save any data being buffered or to output a structure indicating that the object was successfully updated.\nA devi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher-Cryptanalysis-Other techniques In addition to linear and differential cryptanalysis, there is a growing catalog of attacks: truncated differential cryptanalysis, partial differential cryptanalysis, integral cryptanalysis, which encompasses square and integral attacks, slide attacks, boomerang attacks, the... | large_corpus_distillation |
recognition to evaluate a paraphrase generation system." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gazetteer abbreviations-Gazetteer abbreviations-This is a list of common atlas and gazetteer abbreviations. These abbreviations are not always used consistently between publications; some terms have fallen out of use over time. Older gazetteers and atlases often neglect to define abbreviations and underlying terms. Ga... | large_corpus_distillation |
by their kernels If B is a principal filter on X then ker \u2061B\u2208B and where ker \u2061B} is also the smallest prefilter that generates B." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Image hosting service-Identification-In the case of spam, the messages often include unique image URLs that are specific to that message only. The unique URL is used as a tracking ID, so that the image host can identify exactly what message intended for what specific recipient has been viewed, in addition to the date ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Independence of clones criterion-Examples-Now suppose supporters of B nominate an additional candidate, B2, that is very similar to B but considered inferior by all voters. For the 66% who prefer A, B continues to be their second choice. For the 34% who prefer B, A continues to be their least preferred candidate. Now ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Associative array-Implementation-Other trees Associative arrays may also be stored in unbalanced binary search trees or in data structures specialized to a particular type of keys such as radix trees, tries, Judy arrays, or van Emde Boas trees, though the ability of these implementation methods within comparison to ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subject indexing-Indexing theory-Pragmatic and critical theories of indexing (such as Hj\u00f8rland, 1997) is in agreement with the historicist point of view that subjects are relative to specific discourses but emphasizes that subject analysis should support given goals and values and should consider the consequences... | large_corpus_distillation |
approaches to construct tag clusters instead of tag clouds, e.g., by applying tag co-occurrences in documents.More generally, the same visual technique can be used to display non-tag data, as in a word cloud or a data cloud." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Internet Protocol version 4-Packet structure-Total Length This 16-bit field defines the entire packet size in bytes, including header and data. The minimum size is 20 bytes (header without data) and the maximum is 65,535 bytes. All hosts are required to be able to reassemble datagrams of size up to 576 bytes, but most... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dataspaces-Applications of dataspaces-This scenario illustrates several dataspace requirements, including a dataspace-wide catalog, support for data lineage and creating collections and indexes over entities that span more than one participating source." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Black box-System theory-In systems theory, the black box is an abstraction representing a class of concrete open system which can be viewed solely in terms of its stimuli inputs and output reactions: The constitution and structure of the box are altogether irrelevant to the approach under consideration, which is purel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Protection ring-Use of hardware features-Microkernel operating systems attempt to minimize the amount of code running in privileged mode, for purposes of security and elegance, but ultimately sacrificing performance." | large_corpus_distillation |
are integrated. It is very convenient for the integrators to have a way to run small selected pieces of code, perhaps from a simple menu system.\nSome program managers try to arrange this integration process so that after some minimal level of function is achieved, the system becomes deliverable at any following date, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Alignments of random points-Estimate of probability of chance alignments-The number of alignments found is very sensitive to the allowed width w, increasing approximately proportionately to wk-2, where k is the number of points in an alignment.\nThe following is a very approximate order-of-magnitude estimate of the li... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplication-Computation-Many common methods for multiplying numbers using pencil and paper require a multiplication table of memorized or consulted products of small numbers (typically any two numbers from 0 to 9). However, one method, the peasant multiplication algorithm, does not. The example below illustrates \"... | large_corpus_distillation |
2 at both (\u22121,\u22121) and (1,1), subject to the given constraint.\n6) Objective function: f(x,y)=x2\u2212y2 Constraint: x\u22122y+6=0\n7) Objective function: f(x,y)=x2+y2 Constraint: x+2y\u22125=0\nAnswer\nSubject to the given constraint, f has a relative minimum of f(1,2)=5 at the point (1,2).\n8) Objective func... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hill cipher-Mechanical implementation-When operating on 2 symbols at once, a Hill cipher offers no particular advantage over Playfair or the bifid cipher, and in fact is weaker than either, and slightly more laborious to operate by pencil-and-paper. As the dimension increases, the cipher rapidly becomes infeasible for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fibonomial coefficient-Special values-The Fibonomial coefficients are all integers. Some special values are: (n0)F=(nn)F=1 (n1)F=(nn\u22121)F=Fn (n2)F=(nn\u22122)F=FnFn\u22121F2F1=FnFn\u22121, (n3)F=(nn\u22123)F=FnFn\u22121Fn\u22122F3F2F1=FnFn\u22121Fn\u22122/2, (nk)F=(nn\u2212k)F." | large_corpus_distillation |
ext2, after some shakedown time, quickly became the standard file system of Linux. Since then, ext2 has developed into a very mature and robust file system." | large_corpus_distillation |
conquer algorithm, that uses recursion to merge together sub calculations. By rewriting the formula, one makes it possible to do sub calculations / recursion. By doing recursion, one can solve this in a fast manner.\nLet x and y be represented as n -digit strings in some base B . For any positive integer m less t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computability logic-Semantics-There are two players in static games: the machine and the environment. The machine can only follow algorithmic strategies, while there are no restrictions on the behavior of the environment. Each run (play) is won by one of these players and lost by the other." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lemur Project-Features-Lemur supports the following features: Indexing: English, Chinese, and Arabic text Word stemming Stop words Tokenization Passage and incremental indexing Retrieval: Ad hoc retrieval (TF-IDF and InQuery) Passage and cross-lingual retrieval Language modeling Query model updating Two stage smoothin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text entry interface-ITU-T text entry (phone keyboard)-With the popularity of text messaging , text entry with mobile phones has gained use. Each key contains multiple characters, and these are reached through multiple key presses. This is frequently used in conjunction with predictive text (also known as T9) entry. A... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Location arithmetic-Location numerals-As an example, multiply 238 = bcdfgh by 13 = acd The result is the sum in the right column bcdfgh defhij efgijk = bcddeefffgghhiijjk = bcekl = 2+4+16+1024+2048 = 3094.\nIt is interesting to notice that the left column can also be obtained by successive halves of the first number, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gram matrix-Gram determinant-The Gram determinant or Gramian is the determinant of the Gram matrix: If v1,\u2026,vn are vectors in Rm then it is the square of the n-dimensional volume of the parallelotope formed by the vectors. In particular, the vectors are linearly independent if and only if the parallelotope has ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Xp \u2212 1 by connecting a new root vertex by an edge to an arbitrarily chosen vertex in each of the three smaller trees. For instance, the seven-vertex tree in X1 is formed in this way from the two-vertex tree (a single edge) in X0. Based on this construction, the number of forbidden minors in Xp can be shown to be a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"3.6: Squared Differences Simulation\nLearning Objectives\nLearn which measure of central tendency minimizes the sum of squared deviations\nInstructions\nThis demonstration allows you to examine the sum of squared deviations from a given value. The graph to the right shows the\n1,2,3,4, 5 0.254 0.25\nnumbers and and th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wordster-Technology-Wordster is a testbed for a number of scientific advances, such as the Lexical Crawler. The Lexical Crawler program \"crawls\" through websites, blogs, and other channels to find sample sentences for all the entries on Wordster. Over 1 million words have been identified from over 200 million docume... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Friedlander\u2013Iwaniec theorem-Friedlander\u2013Iwaniec theorem-In analytic number theory the Friedlander\u2013Iwaniec theorem states that there are infinitely many prime numbers of the form a2+b4 . The first few such primes are 2, 5, 17, 37, 41, 97, 101, 137, 181, 197, 241, 257, 277, 281, 337, 401, 457, 577, 617, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Criticism of desktop Linux-Viability of Linux as a desktop system-Linus Torvalds has expressed that he intended the Linux kernel to be used in desktop operating systems. He argues that Android is widely used because it comes pre-installed on new phones, and that Linux distributions would need to be bundled on new comp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Z-group-Groups whose Sylow subgroups are cyclic-Usage: (Suzuki 1955), (Bender & Glauberman 1994, p. 2), MR0409648, (Wonenburger 1976), (\u00c7elik 1976)In the study of finite groups, a Z-group is a finite group whose Sylow subgroups are all cyclic. The Z originates both from the German Zyklische and from their classif... | large_corpus_distillation |
. (Note that the paths from to are the same as the paths from to .) But to form the word\na b\ninitially, the word must be formed first, so this result follows from the additivity of expected value and the previous result.\nBy repeated use of the last result, we can compute the expected number of trials needed to form ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial-time reduction-Defining complexity classes-The definitions of the complexity classes NP, PSPACE, and EXPTIME do not involve reductions: reductions come into their study only in the definition of complete languages for these classes. However, in some cases a complexity class may be defined by reductions. If ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Principal component analysis-Similar techniques-A DAPC can be realized on R using the package Adegenet. (more info: adegenet on the web) Directional component analysis Directional component analysis (DCA) is a method used in the atmospheric sciences for analysing multivariate datasets.\nLike PCA, it allows for dimensi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Container (type theory)-Container (type theory)-In type theory, containers are abstractions which permit various \"collection types\", such as lists and trees, to be represented in a uniform way. A (unary) container is defined by a type of shapes S and a type family of positions P, indexed by S. The extension of a con... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shadow stack-Shadow stack-Shadow stacks can be implemented by recompiling programs with modified prologues and epilogues, by dynamic binary rewriting techniques to achieve the same effect, or with hardware support. Unlike the call stack, which also stores local program variables, passed arguments, spilled registers an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bag-of-words model in computer vision-Learning and recognition based on the BoW model-Supervised models Since images are represented based on the BoW model, any discriminative model suitable for text document categorization can be tried, such as support vector machine (SVM) and AdaBoost. Kernel trick is also applicabl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Amir Ali Ahmadi-Honors and awards-Ahmadi's work is mostly in optimization. In his thesis, he answered a 20-year-old open problem posed by N. Z. Shor. For this contribution and other contributions to the study of the computational aspects of convexity, he and his co-authors received the 2012 INFORMS Computing Society P... | large_corpus_distillation |
project team decided to abolish the codename system completely due to inconvenience, which meant that future Fedora releases would only be referred to by their version number." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Van Wijngaarden grammar-Implementations-Anthony Fisher wrote yo-yo, a parser for a large class of W-grammars, with example grammars for expressions, eva, sal and Pascal (the actual ISO 7185 standard for Pascal uses extended Backus\u2013Naur form).\nDick Grune created a C program that would generate all possible produc... | large_corpus_distillation |
and in some cases more entries of separate terms; and often reduced size, and the reduced publishing and purchase cost that implies." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropy estimation-Bayesian estimator-When in under-sampled regime, having a prior on the distribution can help the estimation. One such Bayesian estimator was proposed in the neuroscience context known as the NSB (Nemenman\u2013Shafee\u2013Bialek) estimator. The NSB estimator uses a mixture of Dirichlet prior, chosen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LR parser-Overview-The grammar for an LR parser must be unambiguous itself, or must be augmented by tie-breaking precedence rules. This means there is only one correct way to apply the grammar to a given legal example of the language, resulting in a unique parse tree with just one meaning, and a unique sequence of shi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiple kernel learning-Algorithms-Structural risk minimization approaches that have been used include linear approaches, such as that used by Lanckriet et al. (2002). We can define the implausibility of a kernel \u03c9(K) to be the value of the objective function after solving a canonical SVM problem. We can then s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polar space-Polar space-Finite polar spaces (where P is a finite set) are also studied as combinatorial objects." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linguistic Semantics: An Introduction-Reception-The book was reviewed by Varol Akman and Edgar C. Polome." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polish grammar-Syntax-Word order Basic word order in Polish is SVO; however, as it is a synthetic language, it is possible to move words around in the sentence. For example, Alicja ma kota (\"Alice has a cat\") is the standard order, but it is also possible to use other orders to give a different emphasis (for example... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetry of second derivatives-Requirement of continuity-In contrast, along the y-axis the x-derivative fx(0,y)=\u2212y , and so fxy(0,0)=\u22121 . That is, fyx\u2260fxy at (0,\u20090), although the mixed partial derivatives do exist, and at every other point the symmetry does hold." | large_corpus_distillation |
\u2013 Each outcome of the die roll will not affect the next one, which means the 10 results are independent from each other.\nIdentically distributed \u2013 Regardless of whether the die is fair or weighted, each roll will have the same probability as each other roll. In contrast, rolling 10 different dice, some of wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
in order to fire the subsequent request only to the particular instance of the service as only that instance knows about the previous service interaction.\nStatelessness and service types The Service Statelessness principle could be applied to varying extents in relation to the type of the solution logic enclosed by th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tomasi\u2013Kanade factorization-Method-Let the location of a point j in a frame i be defined as pij = (xij, yij)T where xij and yij are horizontal and vertical image co-ordinates respectively ." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear function (calculus)-Slope-The slope of a nonvertical line is a number that measures how steeply the line is slanted (rise-over-run). If the line is the graph of the linear function f(x)=ax+b , this slope is given by the constant a." | large_corpus_distillation |
\u201cI see it, but I don\u2019t believe it!\u201d\nFigure 9.3.1: Richard Dedekind\nThe following gives the original idea of Cantor\u2019s proof. Cantor devised the following function f :[0,1]\u00d7[0,1]\u2192[0,1]. First, we\nrepresent the coordinates of any point (x,y)\u2208[0,1]\u00d7[0,1] by their decimal represent... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Format-preserving encryption-Algorithms-FPE from cycle walking If there is a set M of allowed values within the domain of a pseudorandom permutation P (for example P can be a block cipher like AES), an FPE algorithm can be created from the block cipher by repeatedly applying the block cipher until the result is one of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear least squares-Applications-Multinomials in more than one independent variable, including surface fitting Curve fitting with B-splines Chemometrics, Calibration curve, Standard addition, Gran plot, analysis of mixtures Uses in data fitting The primary application of linear least squares is in data fitting. Given... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LL grammar-Formal definition-Let G=(V,\u03a3,R,S) be a context free grammar and let \u03c0={R1,\u2026,Rn} be a regular partition of \u03a3\u2217 . We say that G is an LL( \u03c0 ) grammar if, for arbitrary derivations S\u21d2Lw1A\u03c71\u21d2w1\u03bd\u03c71\u21d2\u2217w1xS\u21d2Lw2A\u03c72\u21d2w2\u03c9\u03c72\u21... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Medium of exchange-Requisites needed-In the age of electronic money it was, and remains, common to use very long strings of difficult-to-reproduce numbers, generated by encryption methods, to authenticate transactions and commitments as having come from trusted parties. Thus the medium of exchange function has become ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity-Use in algorithm design-It is a common misconception that the evaluation of the complexity of algorithms will become less important as a result of Moore's law, which posits the exponential growth of the power of modern computers. This is wrong because this power increase allows working with la... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ranking-Strategies for handling ties-Fractional ranking (\"1 2.5 2.5 4\" ranking) Items that compare equal receive the same ranking number, which is the mean of what they would have under ordinal rankings; equivalently, the ranking number of 1 plus the number of items ranked above it plus half the number of items equa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero-knowledge proof-Practical examples-If Peggy knew or could guess which challenge Victor is going to issue, then she could easily cheat and convince Victor that she knows x when she does not: if she knows that Victor is going to request r , then she proceeds normally: she picks r , computes mod p and discloses ... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u0393 \u2016 0 < 1 2 ( 1 + 1 \u03bc ( D ) ) {\\textstyle \\|\\mathbf {\\Gamma } \\|_{0}<{\\frac {1}{2}}{\\big (}1+{\\frac {1}{\\mu (\\mathbf {D} )}}{\\big )}} , it is guaranteed that \u2016 \u0393 ^ \u2212 \u0393 \u2217 \u2016 2 2 \u2264 4 \u03b5 2 1 \u2212 \u03bc ( D ) ( 2 \u2016 \u0393 \u2016 0 \u2212 1 ) {\\textst... | large_corpus_distillation |
Let us take then with eigenvalues 1,3 and the corresponding eigenvectors so that the Ritz values are 1,3 and the Ritz vectors are We observe that each one of the Ritz vectors is exactly one of the eigenvectors of A for the given V as well as the Ritz values give exactly two of the three eigenvalues of A . A mathe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Federated search-Challenges-Another challenge is development and testing within an enterprise (vs. on the public internet). Development groups should typically not hit live, production systems as they do regular work, much less intensive load testing. Also, some resources are secure, and should not be arbitrarily quer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agricultural Information Management Standards-Content-Services AgriFeeds is a service that allows users to search and filter news and events from several agricultural information sources and to create custom feeds based on the filters applied. AgriFeeds was designed in the context on CIARD (Coherence in Information fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph traversal-Graph traversal algorithms-Output: A labeling of the edges in the connected component of v as discovery edges and back edges.procedure DFS(G, v) is label v as explored for all edges e in G.incidentEdges(v) do if edge e is unexplored then w \u2190 G.adjacentVertex(v, e) if vertex w is unexplored then la... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge graph embedding-Models-TransH: It is an evolution of TransE introducing a hyperplane as geometric space to solve the problem of representing correctly the types of relations. In TransH, each relation has a different embedded representation, on a different hyperplane, based on which entities it interacts with... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Power of two-Selected powers of two-2108 = 324,\u200b518,\u200b553,\u200b658,\u200b426,\u200b726,\u200b783,\u200b156,\u200b020,\u200b576,\u200b256 The largest known power of 2 not containing a 9 in decimal. (sequence A035064 in the OEIS) 2126 = 85,\u200b070,\u200b591,\u200b730,\u200b234,\u200b615,\u200b865,\u200b843,\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic gradient descent-Iterative method-As the algorithm sweeps through the training set, it performs the above update for each training sample. Several passes can be made over the training set until the algorithm converges. If this is done, the data can be shuffled for each pass to prevent cycles. Typical implem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural logarithm-Natural logarithm-The natural logarithm of x is the power to which e would have to be raised to equal x. For example, ln 7.5 is 2.0149..., because e2.0149... = 7.5. The natural logarithm of e itself, ln e, is 1, because e1 = e, while the natural logarithm of 1 is 0, since e0 = 1." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Accelerated Reader-Evaluation research-Florida Center for Reading Research, citing two studies that support the product noted both the lack of available books in a school's library and the lack of assessment of \"inferential or critical thinking skills\" as weaknesses of the software. Their guide also noted a number o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic context-free grammar-Probabilistic context-free grammar-PCFGs have application in areas as diverse as natural language processing to the study the structure of RNA molecules and design of programming languages. Designing efficient PCFGs has to weigh factors of scalability and generality. Issues such as g... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic signatures for network coding-Proof of security-Then as long as mod p , we can solve for the discrete log of Q. But the ri \u2019s are unknown to the oracle for Hash-Collision and so we can interchange the order in which this process occurs. In other words, given bi , for 2\u2264i\u2264r , not all zero... | large_corpus_distillation |
"All or Nothing (lottery)-All or Nothing (lottery)-All or Nothing is the name and format of a lottery game where the player chooses half of the numbers in play. Prizes are awarded based on how many of the numbers chosen match the numbers in the official draw. Because the player chooses half of the number matrix, the od... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Runtime verification-Runtime verification-Runtime verification is a computing system analysis and execution approach based on extracting information from a running system and using it to detect and possibly react to observed behaviors satisfying or violating certain properties. Some very particular properties, such as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash function-Hashing variable-length data-Today, especially with the advent of 64-bit word sizes, much more efficient variable-length string hashing by word chunks is available." | large_corpus_distillation |
"2. STATISTICAL LEARNING THEORY\n2.1 Binary classification\nAlargepartofthisclasswillbedevotedtooneofthesimplestproblemofstatistical learning\ntheory: binaryclassification (akapatternrecognition [DGL96]). Inthisproblem,weobserve\n(X ,Y ),...,(X ,Y )thatare nindependentrandomcopies of (X,Y) \u2208 X\u00d7{0,1}. Denote\n... | large_corpus_distillation |
to write and understand.\" He also noted that \"typeof and sizeof share the same backend, because sizeof has to compute the type anyway.\" Andrew Koenig and Barbara E. Moo also recognized the usefulness of a built-in typeof facility, with the caveat that \"using it often invites subtle programming errors, and there are... | large_corpus_distillation |
Content management systems and frequent searches can assist software engineers in optimizing more refined queries with methods of parameters and subroutines. Suggestions can be results for the current query or related queries by words, time and dates, categories and tags. The suggestion list may be reordered by other o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convolutional neural network-Regularization methods-Regularization is a process of introducing additional information to solve an ill-posed problem or to prevent overfitting. CNNs use various types of regularization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arrow\u2013Debreu model-Formal statement-The households possess proportional ownerships of producers, which can be thought of as joint-stock companies. The profit made by producer j is divided among the households in proportion to how much stock each household holds for the producer j . Ownership is imposed at the b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filesystem in Userspace-History-The FUSE system was originally part of AVFS (A Virtual Filesystem), a filesystem implementation heavily influenced by the translator concept of the GNU Hurd. It superseded Linux Userland Filesystem, and provided a translational interface using lufis in libfuse1." | large_corpus_distillation |
does not imply equivalent random variables.\nX Y =7\u2212X X Y\nConsider the experiment of rolling a standard, fair die. Let denote the score and . Then and have the same distribution\nbut are not equivalent.\nProof\nX S={1,2,3,4,5,6} P(Y =k)=P(X=7\u2212k)= 1 k\u2208S Y\nSince the die is fair, is uniformly distributed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse matrix-Reducing fill-in-The fill-in of a matrix are those entries that change from an initial zero to a non-zero value during the execution of an algorithm. To reduce the memory requirements and the number of arithmetic operations used during an algorithm, it is useful to minimize the fill-in by switching rows ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order One Network Protocol-Order One Network Protocol-The OrderOne MANET Routing Protocol is an algorithm for computers communicating by digital radio in a mesh network to find each other, and send messages to each other along a reasonably efficient path. It was designed for, and promoted as working with wireless mesh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Letter case-Stylistic or specialised usage-The convention followed by many British publishers (including scientific publishers like Nature and New Scientist, magazines like The Economist, and newspapers like The Guardian and The Times) and many U.S. newspapers is sentence-style capitalisation in headlines, i.e. capita... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reference counting-Graph interpretation-When dealing with garbage collection schemes, it is often helpful to think of the reference graph, which is a directed graph where the vertices are objects and there is an edge from an object A to an object B if A holds a reference to B. We also have a special vertex or vertices... | large_corpus_distillation |
S =P(S) S g\nThe meaning of discrete distribution is that is countable and is the collection of all subsets of . Technically, is the\nX # S\nprobability density function of with respct to counting measure on , the standard measure for discrete spaces. In the diplayed\nequation above, the comma separating the events in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
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