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"Gardon gauge-Standardisation-Gardon gauges are standardised according to the ASTM standard." | large_corpus_distillation |
editing it directly?Dependency injection is often used to keep code in-line with the dependency inversion principle.In statically-typed languages using dependency injection means a client only needs to declares the interfaces of the services it uses, rather than their concrete implementations, making it easier to chang... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth Low Energy beacon-Bluetooth Low Energy beacon-Bluetooth beacons are hardware transmitters \u2014 a class of Bluetooth Low Energy (LE) devices that broadcast their identifier to nearby portable electronic devices. The technology enables smartphones, tablets and other devices to perform actions when in close p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modulus modulus-Description-The maximum recorded shell length is 16.5 mm. The overall shape of the shell is button-like, with a gray or brown streaked, ridge-sculptured body whorl and a low spire." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duality (optimization)-Duality (optimization)-In mathematical optimization theory, duality or the duality principle is the principle that optimization problems may be viewed from either of two perspectives, the primal problem or the dual problem. If the primal is a minimization problem then the dual is a maximization ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Truthful cake-cutting-Randomized mechanisms-Exact division mechanism An exact division (aka consensus division) is a partition of the cake into n pieces such that each agent values each piece at exactly 1/n. The existence of such a division is a corollary of the Dubins\u2013Spanier convexity theorem. Moreover, there e... | large_corpus_distillation |
management and quality management to ensure that software products meet the needs and expectations of stakeholders.Software assurance aims to ensure that software is free from vulnerabilities and functions as intended, conforming to all requirements and standards governing the software development process.[3] Additiona... | large_corpus_distillation |
"WAN optimization-WAN optimization techniques-Deduplication Eliminates the transfer of redundant data across the WAN by sending references instead of the actual data. By working at the byte level, benefits are achieved across IP applications.\nData compression Relies on data patterns that can be represented more effici... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File locking-In Unix-like systems-Some Unix-like operating systems prevent attempts to open the executable file of a running program for writing; this is a third form of locking, separate from those provided by fcntl and flock.\nProblems More than one process can hold an exclusive flock on a given file if the exclusiv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic encryption-Introduction-In order to establish an encrypted channel using the Dynamic Encryption principle the sender and receiver first negotiates a key and then the sender picks a cipher from a large pool of ciphers and sends that together with the encrypted message.\nIt is possible to construct a dynamic enc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C (programming language)-Limitations-There are tools that can mitigate against some of the drawbacks. Contemporary C compilers include checks which may generate warnings to help identify many potential bugs.\nSome of these drawbacks have prompted the construction of other languages." | large_corpus_distillation |
"List scheduling-List scheduling-List scheduling is a greedy algorithm for Identical-machines scheduling. The input to this algorithm is a list of jobs that should be executed on a set of m machines. The list is ordered in a fixed order, which can be determined e.g. by the priority of executing the jobs, or by their or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Structural semantics-Structural semantics-Structural semantics is that branch that marked the modern linguistics movement started by Ferdinand de Saussure at the break of the 20th century in his posthumous discourse titled \"Cours De Linguistique Generale\" (A Course in General Linguistics). He posits that language is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"N400 (neuroscience)-Functional sensitivity-Factors that do not affect N400 amplitude While the N400 is larger to unexpected items at the end of a sentence, its amplitude is generally unaffected by negation that causes the last word to be untrue and thus anomalous. For example, in the sentence A sparrow is a building, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03b8\u2208T\nequivalently, n as for every .\nU =(U ,U ,\u2026) V =(V ,V ,\u2026)\nSuppose that 1 2 and 1 2 are two sequences of estimators that are asymptotically unbiased. The\nU V\nasymptotic relative efficiency of to is\nvar(V )\nlim eff(U ,V )= lim n (7.1.4)\nn n\nn\u2192\u221e n\u2192\u221e var(U n )\nassuming t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Early stopping-Background-Gradient descent methods Gradient descent methods are first-order, iterative, optimization methods. Each iteration updates an approximate solution to the optimization problem by taking a step in the direction of the negative of the gradient of the objective function. By choosing the step-size... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crowdsourced Testing (company)-Crowdsourced Testing (company)-Crowdsourced Testing is a crowdsourcing platform which provides functional, localization, usability and Beta testing through crowdsourcing." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pair testing-Usage-This is more applicable where the requirements and specifications are not very clear, the team is very new, and needs to learn the application behavior quickly.\nThis follows the same principles of pair programming; the two team members should be in the same level." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scheimpflug principle-Depth of field-On a plane parallel to the image plane, the DoF is equally distributed above and below the PoF; in Figure 5, the distances yn and yf on the plane VP are equal. This distribution can be helpful in determining the best position for the PoF; if a scene includes a distant tall feature,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized extreme value distribution-Specification-In the special case of x=\u03bc, so s=0 and exp \u2061(\u22121) \u2248 0.368 for whatever values \u03be and \u03c3 might have.\nThe probability density function of the standardized distribution is again valid for s>\u22121/\u03be in the case \u03be>0, and fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Posynomial-Posynomial-A posynomial, also known as a posinomial in some literature, is a function of the form f(x1,x2,\u2026,xn)=\u2211k=1Kckx1a1k\u22efxnank where all the coordinates xi and coefficients ck are positive real numbers, and the exponents aik are real numbers. Posynomials are closed under addition, mult... | large_corpus_distillation |
and complement rules.\n\u03bc A\nThe following result is the subadditive property for a positive measure on an algebra .\n{A :i\u2208I} A \u22c3 A \u2208A\nSuppose that i is a countable collection of sets in and that i\u2208I i . Then\n\u03bc(\u22c3A )\u2264\u2211\u03bc(A ) (2.8.2)\ni i\ni\u2208I i\u2208I\nProof\n2.8.1... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge graph embedding-Knowledge graph embedding-In representation learning, knowledge graph embedding (KGE), also referred to as knowledge representation learning (KRL), or multi-relation learning, is a machine learning task of learning a low-dimensional representation of a knowledge graph's entities and relations... | large_corpus_distillation |
in other languages, because any line of the inner loop could terminate or reloop several outer loops with one statement." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extremum estimator-Definition-The theory of extremum estimators does not specify what the objective function should be. There are various types of objective functions suitable for different models, and this framework allows us to analyse the theoretical properties of such estimators from a unified perspective. The the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thermostat-Thermostats and HVAC operation-Thermostat location The thermostat should not be located on an outside wall or where it could be exposed to direct sunlight at any time during the day. It should be located away from the room's cooling or heating vents or device, yet exposed to general airflow from the room(s)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exploratory data analysis-Techniques and tools-There are a number of tools that are useful for EDA, but EDA is characterized more by the attitude taken than by particular techniques.Typical graphical techniques used in EDA are: Box plot Histogram Multi-vari chart Run chart Pareto chart Scatter plot (2D/3D) Stem-and-le... | large_corpus_distillation |
of simulation. If we can simulate a uniform distribution on , then we can simulate a uniform distribution on .\nh S E[h(X)] h S \u03bb\nIf is a real-valued function on , then is the average value of on , as measured by :\nh:S\u2192R \u03bb\nIf is integrable with respect to Then\n5.20.1 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/... | large_corpus_distillation |
"David Shmoys-Key contributions-The work of Shmoys with Lenstra and Tardos cited here gives a 2 approximation algorithm for the unit cost case. The algorithm is based on a clever design of linear program using parametric pruning and then rounding an extreme point solution of the linear program deterministically. Algor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Disk encryption theory-Block cipher-based modes-Here multiplication \u2297 and addition \u2295 are performed in the finite field ( GF 128 ) for AES). With some precomputation, only a single multiplication per sector is required (note that addition in a binary finite field is a simple bitwise addition, also known as ... | large_corpus_distillation |
done for this platform have used bots, machine learning algorithms to identify authors' age and gender. Data is acquired from Weibo microblog posts of willing participants to be analysed, and used to train algorithms that build concept-based profiles of users to a certain accuracy." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite field-Polynomial factorization-If F is a finite field, a non-constant monic polynomial with coefficients in F is irreducible over F, if it is not the product of two non-constant monic polynomials, with coefficients in F.\nAs every polynomial ring over a field is a unique factorization domain, every monic polyno... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euler\u2013Maclaurin formula-The formula-With this notation, the remainder term Rp equals When k > 0, it can be shown that where \u03b6 denotes the Riemann zeta function; one approach to prove this inequality is to obtain the Fourier series for the polynomials Bk(x). The bound is achieved for even k when x is zero. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic interior-Algebraic Interior (Core)-Examples If or x2\u22640}\u2286R2 then core \u2061(A), but int \u2061(A) and core core \u2061(A)).\nProperties of core Suppose A,B\u2286X.\nIn general, core core core \u2061A).\nBut if A is a convex set then: core core core \u2061A), and for all core \u2061A,y\u220... | large_corpus_distillation |
"EAX mode-Encryption and authentication-EAX is a flexible nonce-using two-pass AEAD scheme with no restrictions on block cipher primitive to be used, nor on block size, and supports arbitrary-length messages. Authentication tag length is arbitrarily sizeable up to the used cipher's block size." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Salt bridge (protein and supramolecular)-Salt bridges found in proteins-The salt bridge most often arises from the anionic carboxylate (RCOO\u2212) of either aspartic acid or glutamic acid and the cationic ammonium (RNH3+) from lysine or the guanidinium (RNHC(NH2)2+) of arginine (Figure 2). Although these are the most... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure Password Authentication-Secure Password Authentication-Secure Password Authentication (SPA) is a proprietary Microsoft protocol used to authenticate Microsoft email clients with an electronic mail server when using the Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP), Post Office Protocol (POP), or Internet Message Access ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SET Index-Annual Returns-The following table shows the annual development of the SET Index since 1975." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fault coverage-Fault coverage-A fault coverage test passes when at least a specified percentage of all possible faults can be detected. If it does not pass, at least three options are possible. First, the designer can augment or otherwise improve the vector set, perhaps by using a more effective automatic test pattern... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prosodic bootstrapping-Computational modeling-Several language models have been used to show that in a computational simulation, prosody can help children acquire syntax.In one study, Gutman et al. (2015) build a computational model that used prosodic structure and function words to jointly determine the syntactic cat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random-access machine-The \"indirect\" operation-A plethora of instructions: Because any instruction acting on a single register can be augmented with its indirect \"dual\" (including conditional and unconditional jumps, cf the Elgot-Robinson model), the inclusion of indirect instructions will double the number of sin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Invariant estimator-Mathematical setting-A family of densities F is said to be invariant under the group G if, for every g\u2208G and \u03b8\u2208\u0398 there exists a unique \u03b8\u2217\u2208\u0398 such that Y=g(x) has density f(y|\u03b8\u2217) . \u03b8\u2217 will be denoted g\u00af(\u03b8) If F is invaria... | large_corpus_distillation |
from a safety requirements analysis and test perspective. Software safety hazard analysis required for more complex systems where software is controlling critical functions generally are in the following sequential categories and are conducted in phases as part of the system safety or safety engineering process: softwa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latent semantic analysis-Benefits of LSI-LSI is also used to perform automated document categorization. In fact, several experiments have demonstrated that there are a number of correlations between the way LSI and humans process and categorize text. Document categorization is the assignment of documents to one or mor... | large_corpus_distillation |
for parts-based object recognition, based on a minimum description length (MDL) criterion that was optimized by a split-and-merge-like method with candidate breakpoints obtained from complementary junction cues to obtain more likely points at which to consider partitions into different segments." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer programming-Applications-Scheduling These problems involve service and vehicle scheduling in transportation networks. For example, a problem may involve assigning buses or subways to individual routes so that a timetable can be met, and also to equip them with drivers. Here binary decision variables indicate w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Curvilinear coordinates-Generalization to n dimensions-The coordinates of this space can be denoted by: x = (x1, x2,...,xn). Since this is a vector (an element of the vector space), it can be written as: x=\u2211i=1nxiei where e1 = (1,0,0...,0), e2 = (0,1,0...,0), e3 = (0,0,1...,0),...,en = (0,0,0...,1) is the standar... | large_corpus_distillation |
threading. Instead, each Thread object stores a (non-thread-safe) map of ThreadLocal objects to their values (as opposed to each ThreadLocal having a map of Thread objects to values and incurring a performance overhead)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Natural-language user interface-Challenges-Anaphora resolution resolve what a user means by 'he', 'she' or 'it', in a self-referential query.Other goals to consider more generally are the speed and efficiency of the interface, in all algorithms these two points are the main point that will determine if some methods ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Necessity and sufficiency-Sufficiency-If P is sufficient for Q, then knowing P to be true is adequate grounds to conclude that Q is true; however, knowing P to be false does not meet a minimal need to conclude that Q is false." | large_corpus_distillation |
is always to be capitalized, italicized, never abbreviated, and to be preceded by the word \"species\". The names of its members (Bundibugyo ebolaviruses) are to be capitalized, are not italicized, and used without articles. A formal proposal to accept this species into virus taxonomy was submitted in 2010 and was acce... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Structure mapping engine-Concepts in SME-All predicates have four parameters. They have (1) a functor, which identifies it, and (2) a type, which is either relation, attribute, or function. The other two parameters (3 and 4) are for determining how to process the arguments in the SME algorithm. If the arguments have t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Traffic collision-Society and culture-Fraud Sometimes, people may make false insurance claims or commit insurance fraud by staging collisions or jumping in front of moving cars." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum key distribution-Quantum key exchange-BB84 protocol: Charles H. Bennett and Gilles Brassard (1984) This protocol, known as BB84 after its inventors and year of publication, was originally described using photon polarization states to transmit the information. However, any two pairs of conjugate states can be u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data system-Data system-Data system is a term used to refer to an organized collection of symbols and processes that may be used to operate on such symbols. Any organised collection of symbols and symbol-manipulating operations can be considered a data system. Hence, human-speech analysed at the level of phonemes can ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group theory-Branches of group theory-There are several natural questions arising from giving a group by its presentation. The word problem asks whether two words are effectively the same group element. By relating the problem to Turing machines, one can show that there is in general no algorithm solving this task. An... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interactive proof system-Textbooks-Arora, Sanjeev; Barak, Boaz, \"Complexity Theory: A Modern Approach\", Cambridge University Press, March 2009.\nMichael Sipser (1997). Introduction to the Theory of Computation. PWS Publishing. ISBN 978-0-534-94728-6. Section 10.4: Interactive Proof Systems, pp. 354\u2013366.\nChrist... | large_corpus_distillation |
"End-of-Transmission-Block character-End-of-Transmission-Block character-End-of-Transmission-Block (ETB) is a communications control character used to indicate the end of a block of data for communications purposes. ETB is used for segmenting data into blocks when the block structure is not necessarily related to the p... | large_corpus_distillation |
release also ended all support for the 32-bit architecture.Reviewer Joey Sneddon noted in OMG Ubuntu, \"tradition dictates that Ubuntu LTS releases play things safer than the interim so-called \"short-term releases\" by only including features that Ubuntu developers can commit to maintain for at least five years. Focal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Schnorr signature-Algorithm-The public verification key is y=gx Signing To sign a message, M Choose a random k from the allowed set.\nLet r=gk Let e=H(r\u2225M) , where \u2225 denotes concatenation and r is represented as a bit string.\nLet s=k\u2212xe .The signature is the pair, (s,e) Note that s,e\u2208Zq ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Google Play. In fact, it was a web application, a mobile-enabled website that did not require additional software to use. The training materials were also riddled with errors such as duplicate checklist items and erroneous responses to frequently asked questions. ORCA exclusively used an HTTP Secure (HTTPS) connection ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Benchmark (computing)-Purpose-As computer architecture advanced, it became more difficult to compare the performance of various computer systems simply by looking at their specifications. Therefore, tests were developed that allowed comparison of different architectures. For example, Pentium 4 processors generally ope... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naive Bayes spam filtering-History-Bayesian algorithms were used for email filtering as early as 1996. Although naive Bayesian filters did not become popular until later, multiple programs were released in 1998 to address the growing problem of unwanted email. The first scholarly publication on Bayesian spam filtering... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Representativeness heuristic-Biases attributed to the representativeness heuristic-Approximately 45 babies are born in the large hospital while 15 babies are born in the small hospital. Half (50%) of all babies born in general are boys. However, the percentage changes from 1 day to another. For a 1-year period, each h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Operational transformation-Basics-The basic idea of OT can be illustrated by using a simple text editing scenario as follows. Given a text document with a string \"abc\" replicated at two collaborating sites; and two concurrent operations: O1 = Insert[0, \"x\"] (to insert character \"x\" at position \"0\") O2 = Delete... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prime quadruplet-Prime quadruplets-As of February 2019 the largest known prime quadruplet has 10132 digits. It starts with p = 667674063382677 \u00d7 233608 \u2212 1, found by Peter Kaiser." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Golden-section search-Golden-section search-The golden-section search is a technique for finding an extremum (minimum or maximum) of a function inside a specified interval. For a strictly unimodal function with an extremum inside the interval, it will find that extremum, while for an interval containing multiple extre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agile software development-Experience and adoption-Product owner role is not properly filled The product owner is responsible for representing the business in the development activity and is often the most demanding role.A common mistake is to fill the product owner role with someone from the development team. This re... | large_corpus_distillation |
confidence level produces a wider confidence interval." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof by contradiction-Examples of refutations by contradiction-Russell's paradox Russell's paradox, stated set-theoretically as \"there is no set whose elements are precisely those sets that do not contain themselves\", is a negated statement whose usual proof is a refutation by contradiction." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatory categorial grammar-Parts of the formalism-Application combinators The application combinators, often denoted by > for forward application and < for backward application, apply a lexical item with a functor type to an argument with an appropriate type. The definition of application is given as: \u03b1:X/Y\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
from averaging ones' estimates with another individual, repeated judgments lead to increases in accuracy for both year estimation questions (e.g., when was the thermometer invented?) and questions about estimated percentages (e.g., what percentage of internet users connect from China?). General numerical questions (e.g... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electromagnetic attack-Countermeasures-Several countermeasures against electromagnetic attacks have been proposed, though there is no one perfect solution. Many of the following countermeasures will make electromagnetic attacks harder, not impossible." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed version control-Work model-The distributed model is generally better suited for large projects with partly independent developers, such as the Linux kernel project, because developers can work independently and submit their changes for merge (or rejection). The distributed model flexibly allows adopting cu... | large_corpus_distillation |
mod n)}.\nTheir indices are given by the formula: [\u0393:\u03931(n)]=n2\u22c5\u220fp|n(1\u22121p2) The theta subgroup \u039b is the congruence subgroup of \u0393 defined as the preimage of the cyclic group of order two generated by (0\u2212110)\u2208SL2(Z/2Z) . It is of index 3 and is explicitly described by: mod m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SCORE (software)-Program use-IF (P1=1 AND P2<4) OR (P1=2 AND P2>=6) THEN DEL will delete all notes (P1=1) on staves lower than 4 (P2<4) and all rests (P1=2) on staves greater than or equal to 6 (P2>=6)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Initialization vector-Motivation-A block cipher is one of the most basic primitives in cryptography, and frequently used for data encryption. However, by itself, it can only be used to encode a data block of a predefined size, called the block size. For example, a single invocation of the AES algorithm transforms a 12... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bernoulli's inequality-Alternative form-An alternative form of Bernoulli's inequality for t\u22651 and 0\u2264x\u22641 is: (1\u2212x)t\u22651\u2212xt.\nThis can be proved (for any integer t ) by using the formula for geometric series: (using y=1\u2212x )t=1+1+\u22ef+1\u22651+y+y2+\u2026+yt\u22121=1\u2212yt1\u2212y... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear search-Analysis-For example, if the value being sought occurs once in the list, and all orderings of the list are equally likely, the expected number of comparisons is n+12 . However, if it is known that it occurs once, then at most n - 1 comparisons are needed, and the expected number of comparisons is (n+2)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge graph embedding-Models-Bilinear models This family of models uses a linear equation to embed the connection between the entities through a relation. In particular, the embedded representation of the relations is a bidimensional matrix. These models, during the embedding procedure, only use the single facts t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bacterial cellular morphologies-Bacterial cellular morphologies-Bacterial cellular morphologies are morphologies that are characteristic of various types bacteria and often a key factor in identifying bacteria species. Their direct examination under the light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic-curve Diffie\u2013Hellman-Key establishment protocol-The following example illustrates how a shared key is established. Suppose Alice wants to establish a shared key with Bob, but the only channel available for them may be eavesdropped by a third party. Initially, the domain parameters (that is, (p,a,b,G,n,h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hybrid Broadcast Broadband TV-Security and privacy concerns-About 90% of Smart TVs Vulnerable to Remote Hacking via Rogue TV Signals Rafael Scheel developed a Radio Frequency-based remote exploit using HbbTV that provides root access. He provides counter measures in his Feb 22, 2017 presentation to the European Broadc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum cut-Algorithms-There is a simple randomized 0.5-approximation algorithm: for each vertex flip a coin to decide to which half of the partition to assign it. In expectation, half of the edges are cut edges. This algorithm can be derandomized with the method of conditional probabilities; therefore there is a simp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Processor supplementary capability-Historical reasoning-On the other hand, the system programmer may write or use existing software libraries to determine whether the processor it is running on has a particular feature (or set of instructions).Should the needed instructions not be there a fall back to a (presumably sl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open set-Definitions-An example of a subset of R that is not open is the closed interval [0,1], since neither 0 - \u03b5 nor 1 + \u03b5 belongs to [0,1] for any \u03b5 > 0, no matter how small.\nMetric space A subset U of a metric space (M, d) is called open if, for any point x in U, there exists a real number \u03b5 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jenks natural breaks optimization-Jenks natural breaks optimization-The Jenks optimization method, also called the Jenks natural breaks classification method, is a data clustering method designed to determine the best arrangement of values into different classes. This is done by seeking to minimize each class's averag... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Indian Railways coaching stock-Classification of berths and seats-SU = Side Upper Berth.Seater train coaches have no berths, and only the seater coaches(EA, EC, CC, 2S) are classified into three types, which are: WS = Window Side M = Middle (only in CC and 2S) A = AisleMiddle and Aisle seats are not mentioned in the t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pr\u00fcfer group-Constructions of Z(p\u221e)-The Pr\u00fcfer p-group may be identified with the subgroup of the circle group, U(1), consisting of all pn-th roots of unity as n ranges over all non-negative integers: exp for some n\u2208Z+}.\nThe group operation here is the multiplication of complex numbers.\nThere is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NP-completeness-NP-completeness-Although a solution to an NP-complete problem can be verified \"quickly\", there is no known way to find a solution quickly. That is, the time required to solve the problem using any currently known algorithm increases rapidly as the size of the problem grows. As a consequence, determin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Least-squares support vector machine-From support-vector machine to least-squares support-vector machine-According to the structural risk minimization principle, the risk bound is minimized by the following minimization problem: min J1(w,\u03be)=12wTw+c\u2211i=1N\u03bei, Subject to {yi[wT\u03d5(xi)+b]\u22651\u2212\u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Representativeness heuristic-Determinants of representativeness-Local representativeness is an assumption wherein people rely on the law of small numbers, whereby small samples are perceived to represent their population to the same extent as large samples (Tversky & Kahneman 1971). A small sample which appears random... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Train categories in Europe-Bulgaria (Bulgarian state railways BD\u017d)-Reservation: obligatory. Coaches: 1st class, 2nd class, restaurant car (or catering), sometimes luggage and/or mail car. Four of the express trains (\"Shipka\" and \"Sinite kamani\") used DMUs.\nCurrently not in service." | large_corpus_distillation |
"System call-Examples and tools-On Unix, Unix-like and other POSIX-compliant operating systems, popular system calls are open, read, write, close, wait, exec, fork, exit, and kill. Many modern operating systems have hundreds of system calls. For example, Linux and OpenBSD each have over 300 different calls, NetBSD has ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lattice of stable matchings-Lattice of stable matchings-In mathematics, economics, and computer science, the lattice of stable matchings is a distributive lattice whose elements are stable matchings. For a given instance of the stable matching problem, this lattice provides an algebraic description of the family of al... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Large margin nearest neighbor-Extensions and efficient solvers-Kumal et al. extended the algorithm to incorporate local invariances to multivariate polynomial transformations and improved regularization." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shamir's Secret Sharing-Example calculation-Also, even though Eve can conclude that 1046 mod 1613 ) , it does not provide any additional information, since the \"wrapping around\" behavior of modular arithmetic prevents the leakage of \"S is even\", unlike the example with integer arithmetic above." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flash memory emulator-Flash memory emulator-A flash emulator or flash memory emulator is a tool that is used to temporarily replace flash memory or ROM chips in an embedded device for the purpose of debugging embedded software. Such tools contain Dual-ported RAM, one port of which is connected to a target system (i.e.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"XML schema-Languages-Document Type Definitions Tool support DTDs are perhaps the most widely supported schema language for XML. Because DTDs are one of the earliest schema languages for XML, defined before XML even had namespace support, they are widely supported. Internal DTDs are often supported in XML processors; e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Derivative test-First-derivative test-Precise statement of first-derivative test The first-derivative test depends on the \"increasing\u2013decreasing test\", which is itself ultimately a consequence of the mean value theorem. It is a direct consequence of the way the derivative is defined and its connection to decrea... | large_corpus_distillation |
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