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"Minimum k-cut-Approximations-Several approximation algorithms exist with an approximation of 2\u22122k." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electronic dictionary-Evaluation-There are differences in quality of hardware (hand held devices), software (presentation and performance), and dictionary content. Some hand helds are more robustly constructed than others, and the keyboards or touch screen input systems should be physically compared before purchase. T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subtyping-Function types-The subtyping of mutable references is similar to the treatment of parameter values and return values. Write-only references (or sinks) are contravariant, like parameter values; read-only references (or sources) are covariant, like return values. Mutable references which act as both sources an... | large_corpus_distillation |
normal distribution.\nZ\nThe mean and variance of are\nE(Z)=0\n1.\nvar(Z)=1\n2.\nProof\nZ\n1. Of course, by symmetry, if has a mean, the mean must be 0, but we have to argue that the mean exists. Actually it's not\nhard to compute the mean directly. Note that\n\u221e 1 0 1 \u221e 1\nE(Z)=\u222b z \u2212\u2212e\u2212z2/... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptanalysis of the Enigma-World War II-German Navy 3-rotor Enigma The first break of wartime traffic was in December 1939, into signals that had been intercepted in November 1938, when only three rotors and six plugboard leads had been in use. It used \"Forty Weepy Weepy\" cribs." | large_corpus_distillation |
"EXPSPACE-EXPSPACE-In computational complexity theory, EXPSPACE is the set of all decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing machine in exponential space, i.e., in O(2p(n)) space, where p(n) is a polynomial function of n . Some authors restrict p(n) to be a linear function, but most authors instead call t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Operating system-Components-When the kernel detects a page fault it generally adjusts the virtual memory range of the program which triggered it, granting it access to the memory requested. This gives the kernel discretionary power over where a particular application's memory is stored, or even whether or not it has a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Similarity (geometry)-Similarity with a center-Below the title on the right, the second image shows a similarity decomposed into a rotation and a homothety. Similarity and rotation have the same angle of +135 degrees modulo 360 degrees. Similarity and homothety have the same ratio of 22, multiplicative inverse of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"German conjugation-Irregular -en verbs (strong verbs) (fahren, to drive)-Certain verbs change their stem vowel for the second-person and third-person singular forms. These usually follow one of three patterns: e \u2192 ie e \u2192 i a \u2192 \u00e4 " | large_corpus_distillation |
=n, we\n\u2212\u2212\nS2\nwould expect S n to fluctuate with increasing n, with typical values growing as \u221an, and thus it is reasonable that the expected time\nto reach a threshold increases with the product of the distances to the thresholds.\nWe also notice that if \u03b2 is decreased toward \u2212\u221e, while ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall's marriage theorem-Logical equivalences-This theorem is part of a collection of remarkably powerful theorems in combinatorics, all of which are related to each other in an informal sense in that it is more straightforward to prove one of these theorems from another of them than from first principles. These includ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integral domain-Divisibility, prime elements, and irreducible elements-In this section, R is an integral domain.\nGiven elements a and b of R, one says that a divides b, or that a is a divisor of b, or that b is a multiple of a, if there exists an element x in R such that ax = b.\nThe units of R are the elements that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algorithms for Recovery and Isolation Exploiting Semantics-Recovery-During the same run we also fill the dirty page table by adding a new entry whenever we encounter a page that is modified and not yet in the DPT. This however only computes a superset of all dirty pages at the time of the crash, since we don't check t... | large_corpus_distillation |
2 ScF3 + 3 H2O 2 ScF3 + 3 Ca \u2192 3 CaF2 + 2 Sc " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Incomplete repetition-Incomplete repetition-Incomplete repetition is a musical form featuring two large sections, the second being a partial or incomplete re-presentation or repetition of the first.This form is used throughout the traditional Plains-Pueblo Native American music where the first section uses vocables an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gaussian distribution on a locally compact Abelian group-Gaussian distribution on a locally compact Abelian group-This space is either finite dimensional or infinite dimensional (the space of all sequences of real numbers in the product topology) ().\nIf a distribution \u03b3 can be embedded in a continuous one-param... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sufficient dimension reduction-Dimension reduction subspace-Without loss of generality, only the space spanned by the columns of A need be considered. Let \u03b7 be a basis for the column space of A , and let the space spanned by \u03b7 be denoted by S(\u03b7) . It follows from the definition of a sufficient dime... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Topological sorting-Algorithms-In step k, PE j assigns the indices {\\textstyle a_{k-1}+\\sum _{i=0}^{j-1}|Q_{i}^{k}|,\\dots ,a_{k-1}+\\left(\\sum _{i=0}^{j}|Q_{i}^{k}|\\right)-1} , where ak\u22121 is the total amount of processed vertices after step k\u22121 . This procedure repeats until there are no vertices lef... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hyperexponential distribution-Properties-Since the expected value of a sum is the sum of the expected values, the expected value of a hyperexponential random variable can be shown as E[X]=\u222b\u2212\u221e\u221exf(x)dx=\u2211i=1npi\u222b0\u221ex\u03bbie\u2212\u03bbixdx=\u2211i=1npi\u03bbi and E[X2]=\u222b\u2212\u221e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Technical information-Service Discovery Protocol The Service Discovery Protocol (SDP) allows a device to discover services offered by other devices, and their associated parameters. For example, when you use a mobile phone with a Bluetooth headset, the phone uses SDP to determine which Bluetooth profiles the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Persistent data structure-Techniques for preserving previous versions-Complexity of path copying With m modifications, this costs O(log m) additive lookup time. Modification time and space are bounded by the size of the longest path in the data structure and the cost of the update in the ephemeral data structure. In a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex hull-Related structures-The circular hull or alpha-hull of a subset of the plane is the intersection of all disks with a given radius 1/\u03b1 that contain the subset.\nThe relative convex hull of a subset of a two-dimensional simple polygon is the intersection of all relatively convex supersets, where a set w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mean time between failures-Application-MTBF value prediction is an important element in the development of products. Reliability engineers and design engineers often use reliability software to calculate a product's MTBF according to various methods and standards (MIL-HDBK-217F, Telcordia SR332, Siemens SN 29500, FIDE... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Atkinson\u2013Shiffrin memory model-Search of associative memory (SAM)-Using these cues the individual determines which area of the long-term store to search and then samples any items with associations to the cues. This search is automatic and unconscious, which is how the authors would explain how an answer \"pops\"... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TypeRacer-Gameplay-After a player completes a race, five metrics measure the user's performance: registered wpm, unlagged wpm, accuracy, points, and rank. Registered wpm is how fast the website has calculated a player's speed average throughout the text. It is measured in a way that prevents cheaters from manually sen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hooking-Methods-When such functionality is not provided, a special form of hooking employs intercepting the library function calls made by a process. Function hooking is implemented by changing the very first few code instructions of the target function to jump to an injected code. Alternatively on systems using the s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexicographic dominance-Applications-Lexicographic dominance relations are used in social choice theory to define notions of strategyproofness, incentives for participation, ordinal efficiency and envy-freeness.Hosseini and Larson analyse the properties of rules for fair random assignment based on lexicographic domina... | large_corpus_distillation |
"BogoMips-History-In 1993, Lars Wirzenius posted a Usenet message explaining the reasons for its introduction in the Linux kernel on comp.os.linux: [...]MIPS is short for Millions of Instructions Per Second. It is a measure for the computation speed of a processor. Like most such measures, it is more often abused than ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-History-Adversarial machine learning has other uses besides generative modeling and can be applied to models other than neural networks. In control theory, adversarial learning based on neural networks was used in 2006 to train robust controllers in a game theoretic sense, by alternating... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Keyword stuffing-In online journalism-Headlines in online news sites are increasingly packed with just the search-friendly keywords that identify the story. Traditional reporters and editors frown on the practice, but it is effective in optimizing news stories for search." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Attack model-Models-Chosen-ciphertext attack (CCA) - in this attack the analyst can choose arbitrary ciphertext and have access to plaintext decrypted from it. In an actual real life case this would require the analyst to have access to the communication channel and the recipient end." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Law of the unconscious statistician-Special cases-Let y1, y2, ... enumerate the possible distinct values of g(X), and for each i let Ii denote the collection of all j with g(xj) = yi. Then according to the definition of expected value of a random variable as a weighted average of possible outputs, there is E\u2061[g(X... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Password fatigue-Responses-Password management software such as KeePass and Password Safe can help mitigate the problem of password fatigue by storing passwords in a database encrypted with a single password. However, this presents problems similar to that of single sign-on in that losing the single password prevents ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Test, and Checkout 1.1.1.2 Fuselage 1.1.1.3 Wing 1.1.1.4 Empennage 1.1.1.5 Nacelle 1.1.1.6 Other Airframe Components 1..n (Specify) 1.1.2 Propulsion 1.1.3 Vehicle Subsystems 1.1.4 Avionics 1.2 System Engineering 1.3 Program Management 1.4 System Test and Evaluation 1.5 Training 1.6 Data 1.7 Peculiar Support Equipment 1... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-means clustering-Description-|Si| is the size of Si , and \u2016\u22c5\u2016 is the usual L2 norm . This is equivalent to minimizing the pairwise squared deviations of points in the same cluster: The equivalence can be deduced from identity {\\textstyle |S_{i}|\\sum _{\\mathbf {x} \\in S_{i}}\\left\\|\\mathbf {x}... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rooted graph-Applications-Set theory Peter Aczel has used rooted directed graphs such that every node is reachable from the root (which he calls accessible pointed graphs) to formulate Aczel's anti-foundation axiom in non-well-founded set theory. In this context, each vertex of an accessible pointed graph models a (no... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Relative clause-Formation methods-Various possibilities for ordering are: Relative clause following the head noun, as in English, French or Arabic.\nRelative clause preceding the head noun, as in Turkish, Japanese, or Chinese.\nHead noun within the relative clause (an internally headed relative clause). An example of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Raft guide-Raft guide-A raft guide is a trained professional capable of leading commercial while water rafting trips. Most raft guides are employed by commercial outfitters who run either multi or single day trips." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Categorical perception-Evolved and learned categorical perception-Similar to themes, labels are also important to learned categorical perception. Labels are \u201cnoun-like\u201d titles that can encourage categorical processing with a focus on similarities. The strength of a label can be determined by three factors: a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maier's theorem-Proofs-Maier proved his theorem using Buchstab's equivalent for the counting function of quasi-primes (set of numbers without prime factors lower to bound z=x1/u , u fixed). He also used an equivalent of the number of primes in arithmetic progressions of sufficient length due to Gallagher.\nPintz (20... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Order embedding-Additional Perspectives-Posets can straightforwardly be viewed from many perspectives, and order embeddings are basic enough that they tend to be visible from everywhere. For example: (Model theoretically) A poset is a set equipped with a (reflexive, antisymmetric and transitive) binary relation. An or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Power analysis-Preventing simple and differential power analysis attacks-Power analysis attacks cannot generally be detected by a device, since the adversary's monitoring is normally passive. In addition, the attack is non-invasive. As a result, physical enclosures, auditing capabilities, and attack detectors are inef... | large_corpus_distillation |
points in the original ordered data set, split this data set exactly in half.\nThe lower quartile value is the median of the lower half of the data. The upper quartile value is the median of the upper half of the data.The values found by this method are also known as \"Tukey's hinges\"; see also midhinge." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Guided tour puzzle protocol-Comparison to other puzzle protocols-CPU-bound computational puzzle protocols, such as the Client Puzzle Protocol, can mitigate the effect of denial of service attack, because the more an attacker wants to overwhelm the server, the more puzzles it has to compute, and the more it must use it... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat number-Primality-There are no other known Fermat primes Fn with n > 4, but little is known about Fermat numbers for large n. In fact, each of the following is an open problem: Is Fn composite for all n > 4? Are there infinitely many Fermat primes? (Eisenstein 1844) Are there infinitely many composite Fermat num... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Systemic functional grammar-Basic tenets-Traditionally the \"choices\" are viewed in terms of either the content or the structure of the language used. In SFG, language is analysed in three ways (strata): semantics, phonology, and lexicogrammar. SFG presents a view of language in terms of both structure (grammar) and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tuple relational calculus-Definition of the calculus-Relational database Since the calculus is a query language for relational databases we first have to define a relational database. The basic relational building block is the domain (somewhat similar, but not equal to, a data type). A tuple is a finite sequence of at... | large_corpus_distillation |
K. A. Gallivan, E. Gallopoulos, A. Grama, B. Philippe, Y. Saad, and F. Saied, High-Performance Scientific Computing: Algorithms and Applications. Springer, 2012." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transitive set-Properties-If X and Y are transitive, then X\u222aY and X\u222aY\u222a{X,Y} are transitive. In general, if Z is a class all of whose elements are transitive sets, then {\\textstyle \\bigcup Z} and {\\textstyle Z\\cup \\bigcup Z} are transitive. (The first sentence in this paragraph is the case of... | large_corpus_distillation |
implementations log both correctable errors (CE) and uncorrectable errors (UE). Some people proactively replace memory modules that exhibit high error rates, in order to reduce the likelihood of uncorrectable error events.Many ECC memory systems use an \"external\" EDAC circuit between the CPU and the memory. A few sys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum-entropy random graph model-Overview-Any random graph model (at a fixed set of parameter values) results in a probability distribution on graphs, and those that are maximum entropy within the considered class of distributions have the special property of being maximally unbiased null models for network inferenc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyc-Overview-Like many companies, Cycorp has ambitions to use Cyc's natural-language processing to parse the entire internet to extract structured data; unlike all others, it is able to call on the Cyc system itself to act as an inductive bias and as an adjudicator of ambiguity, metaphor, and ellipsis. There are few, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PacketCable-Deployment-VoIP services based on the PacketCable architecture are being widely deployed by operators: B.net (Croatia) Cable One (System wide) Cabletica (Costa Rica) Cablevision \u2013 Optimum Voice (System wide) Charter (System wide) Claro TV (Guatemala, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Honduras) Cogeco - Cogeco H... | large_corpus_distillation |
"304 3 \u2022 Functions\nSolution\nSo\nThe domain of is \u221e Notice that the range of is \u221e so this means that the domain of the inverse function\nis also \u221e\nAnalysis\nThe formula we found for looks like it would be valid for all real However, itself must have an inverse\n(namely, ) so we have to restrict th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Group testing-Non-adaptive algorithms-Non-adaptive group-testing algorithms tend to assume that the number of defectives, or at least a good upper bound on them, is known. This quantity is denoted d in this section. If no bounds are known, there are non-adaptive algorithms with low query complexity that can help esti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parallel computing-Background-Amdahl's law and Gustafson's law Optimally, the speedup from parallelization would be linear\u2014doubling the number of processing elements should halve the runtime, and doubling it a second time should again halve the runtime. However, very few parallel algorithms achieve optimal speedu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Copeland's method-Use for producing a tabulation in other methods-Since Copeland's method produces a total ordering of candidates by score and is simple to compute, it is often useful for producing a sorted list of candidates in conjunction with another voting method which does not produce a total order. For example, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"X86 calling conventions-Caller clean-up-In regard to how to return values, some compilers return simple data structures with a length of 2 registers or less in the register pair EAX:EDX, and larger structures and class objects requiring special treatment by the exception handler (e.g., a defined constructor, destructo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MacTheRipper-MacTheRipper-MacTheRipper is a Mac OS X application that enables users to create a playable copy of the contents of a Video DVD by defeating the Content Scramble System. During this process it may optionally modify or disable the DVD region code or the User operation prohibition features of the copied dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Antisymmetric relation-Antisymmetric relation-In mathematics, a binary relation R on a set X is antisymmetric if there is no pair of distinct elements of X each of which is related by R to the other. More formally, R is antisymmetric precisely if for all a,b\u2208X, or equivalently, The definition of antisymmetr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximal semilattice quotient-Maximal semilattice quotient-Every commutative monoid can be endowed with its algebraic preordering \u2264 . By definition, x\u2264 y holds, if there exists z such that x+z=y. Further, for x, y in M, let x\u221dy hold, if there exists a positive integer n such that x\u2264 ny, and let x\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Doob martingale-McDiarmid's inequality-The Doob martingale was introduced by Joseph L. Doob in 1940 to establish concentration inequalities such as McDiarmid's inequality, which applies to functions that satisfy a bounded differences property (defined below) when they are evaluated on random independent function argum... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shannon capacity of a graph-Shannon capacity of a graph-In graph theory, the Shannon capacity of a graph is a graph invariant defined from the number of independent sets of strong graph products. It is named after American mathematician Claude Shannon. It measures the Shannon capacity of a communications channel defin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Welch bounds-Welch bounds-In mathematics, Welch bounds are a family of inequalities pertinent to the problem of evenly spreading a set of unit vectors in a vector space. The bounds are important tools in the design and analysis of certain methods in telecommunication engineering, particularly in coding theory. The bou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest path problem-Acyclic graphs-Critical paths The critical path method for scheduling a set of activities involves the construction of a directed acyclic graph in which the vertices represent project milestones and the edges represent activities that must be performed after one milestone and before another; each ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1171\n2.7 Section Exercises\n1. When we divide both sides 3. \u221e \u221e 5. We start by finding the\nby a negative it changes the x-intercept, or where the\nsign of both sides so the function = 0. Once we have\nsense of the inequality sign that point, which is we\nchanges. graph to the right the\nstraight line graph... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Power iteration-Power iteration-In mathematics, power iteration (also known as the power method) is an eigenvalue algorithm: given a diagonalizable matrix A , the algorithm will produce a number \u03bb , which is the greatest (in absolute value) eigenvalue of A , and a nonzero vector v , which is a corresponding e... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Syntactic bootstrapping-Challenges to the theory-Erroneous data at the basis of the syntactic bootstrapping theory As mentioned above, the observation often cited by Gleitman and collaborators as the major empirical basis of the syntactic bootstrapping theory is the seeming insufficiency of contextual cues to explain ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Twitter-History-2007\u20132010 The tipping point for Twitter's popularity was the 2007 South by Southwest Interactive (SXSWi) conference. During the event, Twitter usage increased from 20,000 tweets per day to 60,000. \"The Twitter people cleverly placed two 60-inch plasma screens in the conference hallways, exclusive... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lagrange multiplier-Single constraint-Notice that this method also solves the second possibility, that f is level: if f is level, then its gradient is zero, and setting \u03bb=0 is a solution regardless of \u2207x,yg To incorporate these conditions into one equation, we introduce an auxiliary function L(x,y,\u03bb)\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IBM Machine Code Printer Control Characters-Introduction into Print Control Characters-Underlined text by writing underline characters at the desired positions after writing the text to be underlined.\nStruck through text by writing dash characters at the desired positions after writing the text to be struck through.I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Variance-Examples-Exponential distribution The exponential distribution with parameter \u03bb is a continuous distribution whose probability density function is given by f(x)=\u03bbe\u2212\u03bbx on the interval [0, \u221e). Its mean can be shown to be E\u2061[X]=\u222b0\u221ex\u03bbe\u2212\u03bbxdx=1\u03bb.\nUsing in... | large_corpus_distillation |
(P ) and the quarter may be tails (Q ), or the quarter may be heads (Q ) and the penny may be tails (P ).\nH T H T\nEither case fulfills the outcome. By the sum rule, we calculate the probability of obtaining one head and one tail as\n[(P )\u00d7(Q )]+[(Q )\u00d7(P )]=[(1/2)\u00d7(1/2)]+[(1/2)\u00d7(1/2)]=1/2.\nH T H T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boilermaker (beer cocktail)-Similar drinks-Irish car bomb (cocktail), a pairing of a shot of Irish cream and whiskey into a glass of stout Kopstootje (\"little headbutt\"), a Dutch pairing of Jenever (Dutch gin) and beer, term attested 1943 Somaek or Poktan-ju, a Korean pairing of soju and beer U-boot, a pairing of vo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate random variable-Further properties-Expectation of the product of two different quadratic forms One can take the expectation of the product of two different quadratic forms in a zero-mean Gaussian random vector X as follows::\u200app. 162\u2013176\u200a tr tr tr \u2061(BKXX) where again KXX is the covari... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bitangent-Bitangents of polygons-The four bitangents of two disjoint convex polygons may be found efficiently by an algorithm based on binary search in which one maintains a binary search pointer into the lists of edges of each polygon and moves one of the pointers left or right at each steps depending on where the ta... | large_corpus_distillation |
p such that at least one of 2p + 1, 4p + 1, 8p + 1, 10p + 1, 14p + 1, and 16p + 1 is prime), the first few such p are 263, 311, 379, 461, 463, 541, 751, 773, 887, 971, 1283, ..." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum depolarizing channel-Classical capacity-Outline of the proof of the additivity of Holevo information The additivity of Holevo information for the depolarizing channel was proved by Christopher King. He showed that the maximum output p-norm of the depolarizing channel is multiplicative, which implied the additi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File verification-Authenticity verification-For this purpose, cryptographic hash functions are employed often. As long as the hash sums cannot be tampered with \u2014 for example, if they are communicated over a secure channel \u2014 the files can be presumed to be intact. Alternatively, digital signatures can be empl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dual code-Dual code-In coding theory, the dual code of a linear code C\u2282Fqn is the linear code defined by C\u22a5={x\u2208Fqn\u2223\u27e8x,c\u27e9=0\u2200c\u2208C} where \u27e8x,c\u27e9=\u2211i=1nxici is a scalar product. In linear algebra terms, the dual code is the annihilator of C with respect to the bilinear f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology-The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology-The Oxford Reference Guide to English Morphology is a 2013 book by Laurie Bauer, Rochelle Lieber and Ingo Plag in which the authors provide \"a comprehensive reference volume covering the whole of contemporary English mor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deep reinforcement learning-Research-Generalization The promise of using deep learning tools in reinforcement learning is generalization: the ability to operate correctly on previously unseen inputs. For instance, neural networks trained for image recognition can recognize that a picture contains a bird even it has ne... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Honeywell ARGUS-Commands-Example Address A contains 8 characters of 6 bits each: ABCDEFGH Mask ONECHAR contains 1 in its right-most 6 bits and 0 elsewhere.\nThe command is: SWE,ONECHAR A A,4,R C Then Address C will contain: 0000000D If the command is: SWS,ONECHAR A A,4,R C Then Address C will contain: ABCDEFGD In Mach... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sparse matrix-Storing a sparse matrix-Compressed sparse column (CSC or CCS) CSC is similar to CSR except that values are read first by column, a row index is stored for each value, and column pointers are stored. For example, CSC is (val, row_ind, col_ptr), where val is an array of the (top-to-bottom, then left-to-rig... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social media reach-Reach on Facebook-Facebook has their own analytic platform which allows the user to see how other users are interacting with their posts, with the use of multiple metrics. This is not something the average user uses, but rather a tool that is used by pages or public figures for example. For example,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finitely generated module-Generic rank-Let M be a finitely generated module over an integral domain A with the field of fractions K. Then the dimension dim K\u2061(M\u2297AK) is called the generic rank of M over A. This number is the same as the number of maximal A-linearly independent vectors in M or equivalently th... | large_corpus_distillation |
can't never not indulge in inaction\") contains 4 negations and it is very confusing which of them create a \"double negative\" and which of them eliminated from each other. Such confusing sentences can then diplomatically soften or blur rejection or unpleasant information or even agreement, but at the expense of intel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-SVD-k-SVD algorithm-In the k-SVD algorithm, the D is first fixed and the best coefficient matrix X is found. As finding the truly optimal X is hard, we use an approximation pursuit method. Any algorithm such as OMP, the orthogonal matching pursuit can be used for the calculation of the coefficients, as long as it... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prognostics-Uncertainty in prognostics-Uncertainty in failure thresholds: the failure threshold is important in any fault detection and prediction methods. It determines the time at which the system fails and consequently the remaining useful life. In practice, the value of the failure threshold is not constant and ca... | large_corpus_distillation |
"5.6: Birthday Demo\nLearning Objectives\nBecome familiar with the properties of the birthday problem\nInstructions\nMost people's intuition about the probability of two people in a group sharing a birthday is way off. This simulation allows you to\napproach this problem concretely.\nWhen you click the \"Draw Birthday\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Goppa code-Construction-However, because the parameters of algebraic geometry codes are connected to algebraic function fields, the definitions of the codes are often given in the language of algebraic function fields over finite fields. Nevertheless, it is important to remember the connection to algebraic curves, as ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deflationary theory of truth-Prosententialism-Prosententialism asserts that there are prosentences which stand in for and derive their meanings from the sentences which they substitute. In the statement: Bill is tired and he is hungry.the pronoun \"he\" takes its reference from the noun \"Bill.\" By analogy, in the st... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software metric-Software metric-In software engineering and development, a software metric is a standard of measure of a degree to which a software system or process possesses some property. Even if a metric is not a measurement (metrics are functions, while measurements are the numbers obtained by the application of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bias (statistics)-Bias of an estimator-Statistical bias is a feature of a statistical technique or of its results whereby the expected value of the results differs from the true underlying quantitative parameter being estimated. The bias of an estimator of a parameter should not be confused with its degree of precisio... | large_corpus_distillation |
standard uniform distribution.\nOpen the random quantile experiment and select the extreme value distribution. Vary the parameters and note again the shape\nand location of the probability density and distribution functions. For selected values of the parameters, run the simulation\n1000 times and compare the empirical... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorization of polynomials over finite fields-Background-Complexity Polynomial factoring algorithms use basic polynomial operations such as products, divisions, gcd, powers of one polynomial modulo another, etc. A multiplication of two polynomials of degree at most n can be done in O(n2) operations in Fq using \"cla... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C string handling-C string handling-The only support for strings in the programming language proper is that the compiler translates quoted string constants into null-terminated strings." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Description logic-Relationship with other logics-First-order logic Many DLs are decidable fragments of first-order logic (FOL) and are usually fragments of two-variable logic or guarded logic. In addition, some DLs have features that are not covered in FOL; this includes concrete domains (such as integer or strings, w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptographic primitive-Commonly used primitives-One-way hash function, sometimes also called as one-way compression function\u2014compute a reduced hash value for a message (e.g., SHA-256) Symmetric key cryptography\u2014compute a ciphertext decodable with the same key used to encode (e.g., AES) Public-key cryptograp... | large_corpus_distillation |
of F32, i.e., the four points of the projective space PG \u2061(1,3).\nAlso, this representation permutes the eight non-zero vectors of F32, giving an embedding of Q8 in the symmetric group S8, in addition to the embeddings given by the regular representations." | large_corpus_distillation |
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