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"CEDAR-FOX-Details-Document Comparison Many options are available with CEDAR-FOX for document comparison. The four major verification model used are Identifying discriminating elements.Features are split into Macro(global) and Micro(local) features. Macro features are calculated on entire document whereas Micro feature... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ambivalence-Consistency theories and ambivalence-\"Ambivalence is a function of the amount of conflict within an attitude, whereas evaluative-cognitive consistency is a function of the magnitude of the difference between evaluations.\"In a set of dimension scores, for example, positive 5 and negative 5 have the same d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adverb-In languages-In Dutch adverbs have the basic form of their corresponding adjectives and are not inflected (though they sometimes can be compared)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"State observer-State observers for nonlinear systems-Along the ei=0 surface, the corresponding eq equivalent control will be equal to hi+1(x) . Hence, so long as mi+1(x^)\u2265|hi+2(x(t))| , the (i+1) th row of the error dynamics, sgn \u2061(ei+1) , will enter the ei+1=0 sliding mode in finite time.So, for suff... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Error-tolerant design-Mitigation of the effects of errors-The next most effective technique in error-tolerant design is the mitigation or limitation of the effects of errors after they have been made. An example is a checking or confirmation function such as an \"Are you sure\" dialog box with the harmless option pres... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursive indexing-Encoding-To encode a number N, keep reducing the maximum element of this set (Smax) from N and output Smax for each such difference, stopping when the number lies in the half closed half open range [0 \u2013 Smax).\nExample Let S = [0 1 2 3 4 \u2026 10], be an 11-element set, and we have to recursiv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Topologies on spaces of linear maps-\ud835\udca2-topologies on spaces of continuous linear maps-(N\u2208N are balanced): N is a neighborhoods basis of the origin in Y that consists entirely of balanced sets.The following assumption is very commonly made because it will guarantee that each set U(G,N) is absorbing in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nonfinite verb-Theories of syntax-For an overview of dependency grammar structure in modern linguistic analysis, three example sentences are shown. The first sentence, The proposal has been intensively examined, is described as follows." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kerberos (protocol)-Protocol-Message F: Client/Server Session Key encrypted with the Client/TGS Session Key.\nClient Service Request Upon receiving messages E and F from TGS, the client has enough information to authenticate itself to the Service Server (SS). The client connects to the SS and sends the following two m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kasiski examination-Kasiski examination-In cryptanalysis, Kasiski examination (also referred to as Kasiski's test or Kasiski's method) is a method of attacking polyalphabetic substitution ciphers, such as the Vigen\u00e8re cipher. It was first published by Friedrich Kasiski in 1863, but seems to have been independentl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Program analysis-Program analysis-Program analysis can be performed without executing the program (static program analysis), during runtime (dynamic program analysis) or in a combination of both." | large_corpus_distillation |
have a\n\u21c0\nunit vector field. A vector field F is a unit vector field if the magnitude of each vector in the field is 1. In a unit vector field, the\nonly relevant information is the direction of each vector.\n\uf00c Example 16.1.6: A Unit Vector Field\n\u21c0 y x\nShow that vector field F(x,y)=\u27e8 \u2212\u2212... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuous delivery-Benefits and obstacles-Several benefits of continuous delivery have been reported.\nAccelerated time to market: Continuous delivery lets an organization deliver the business value inherent in new software releases to customers more quickly. This capability helps the company stay a step ahead of the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block cipher-Cryptanalysis-Differential cryptanalysis Linear cryptanalysis A linear cryptanalysis is a form of cryptanalysis based on finding affine approximations to the action of a cipher. Linear cryptanalysis is one of the two most widely used attacks on block ciphers; the other being differential cryptanalysis.The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social engineering (security)-Examples of social engineers-Badir Brothers Brothers Ramy, Muzher, and Shadde Badir\u2014all of whom were blind from birth\u2014managed to set up an extensive phone and computer fraud scheme in Israel in the 1990s using social engineering, voice impersonation, and Braille-display computer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Primality certificate-Pocklington Based Certificates-Provable prime generation based on variants of Pocklington's theorem (see Pocklington primality test) can be efficient techniques for generating primes (cost is generally less than probabilistic generation) with the added benefit of built in primality certificates. ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial greatest common divisor-GCD over a ring and its field of fractions-A polynomial in n variables may be considered as a univariate polynomial over the ring of polynomials in (n \u2212 1) variables. Thus a recursion on the number of variables shows that if GCDs exist and may be computed in R, then they exist a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transversality (mathematics)-Applications-An extremely special case of this is the following: if a differentiable function from reals to the reals has nonzero derivative at a zero of the function, then the zero is simple, i.e. it the graph is transverse to the x-axis at that zero; a zero derivative would mean a horizo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machine code-Overlapping instructions-On processor architectures with variable-length instruction sets (such as Intel's x86 processor family) it is, within the limits of the control-flow resynchronizing phenomenon known as the Kruskal count, sometimes possible through opcode-level programming to deliberately arrange t... | large_corpus_distillation |
both chains are recurrent then the invariant function is unique up to multiplication by positive constants, and both are\n\u2211 g(x)=\u221e \u2211 g(x)<\u221e\nnull recurrent if x\u2208S and both are positive recurrent if x\u2208S .\nPn(x,x)=P^n\n(x,x) n\u2208N x\u2208S\n2. This follows since for all and .\n\u03bc(x)=... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Independent set (graph theory)-Applications-The maximum independent set and its complement, the minimum vertex cover problem, is involved in proving the computational complexity of many theoretical problems. They also serve as useful models for real world optimization problems, for example maximum independent set is a... | large_corpus_distillation |
expression>). SQL:1999 also introduced BOOLEAN type variables, which according to the standard can also hold Unknown values if it is nullable. In practice, a number of systems (e.g. PostgreSQL) implement the BOOLEAN Unknown as a BOOLEAN NULL, which the standard says that the NULL BOOLEAN and UNKNOWN \"may be used inter... | large_corpus_distillation |
simple algorithm for merging heaps. When merging is a common task, a different heap implementation is recommended, such as binomial heaps, which can be merged in O(log n)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Real hyperelliptic curve-Arithmetic in a real hyperelliptic curve-In real hyperelliptic curve, addition is no longer defined on points as in elliptic curves but on divisors and the Jacobian. Let C be a hyperelliptic curve of genus g over a finite field K. A divisor D on C is a formal finite sum of points P on C .... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Destrega-Gameplay-After stepping far back, the charge bar changes from Red to Blue, indicating you can use magic attacks. Just like close range there are three attacks. The Fast (Bidu), Power (Est), and Span (Foh). bidu travels fast but hits weak, Est hits hard but travels slow, and if you are far away, the attack wil... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Set (card game)-Gameplay-For any set, the number of features that are constant (the same on all three cards) and the number of features that differ (different on all three cards) may break down as: all 4 features differing; or 1 feature being constant and 3 differing; or 2 constant and 2 differing; or 3 constant and 1... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum relative entropy-Relation to other quantum information quantities-One reason the quantum relative entropy is useful is that several other important quantum information quantities are special cases of it. Often, theorems are stated in terms of the quantum relative entropy, which lead to immediate corollaries co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mode (statistics)-Comparison of mean, median and mode-Uniqueness and definedness For some probability distributions, the expected value may be infinite or undefined, but if defined, it is unique. The mean of a (finite) sample is always defined. The median is the value such that the fractions not exceeding it and not f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bunch\u2013Nielsen\u2013Sorensen formula-Bunch\u2013Nielsen\u2013Sorensen formula-In mathematics, in particular linear algebra, the Bunch\u2013Nielsen\u2013Sorensen formula, named after James R. Bunch, Christopher P. Nielsen and Danny C. Sorensen, expresses the eigenvectors of the sum of a symmetric matrix A and the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Program slicing-Static slicing-Example For example, consider the C program below. Let's compute the slice for ( write(sum), sum ). The value of sum is directly affected by the statements \"sum = sum + i + w\" if N>1 and \"int sum = 0\" if N <= 1. So, slice( write(sum), sum) is the union of three slices and the \"int s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GNOME Terminal-GNOME Terminal-GNOME Terminal is a terminal emulator for the GNOME desktop environment written by Havoc Pennington and others. Terminal emulators allow users to access a UNIX shell while remaining on their graphical desktop." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Applications of the SVD-Range, null space and rank Another application of the SVD is that it provides an explicit representation of the range and null space of a matrix M. The right-singular vectors corresponding to vanishing singular values of M span the null space of M and the left-singu... | large_corpus_distillation |
not necessary.\nNow consider a study designed to investigate the relationship between various variables and the ability of subjects to predict the outcome of a\n40 40\ncoin flip. One comparison is between males and females; a second comparison is between those over and those under ; a third is between\nvegetarians and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"None-Floating point-The inverse sine or inverse cosine of a number that is less than \u22121 or greater than 1.NaNs may also be explicitly assigned to variables, typically as a representation for missing values. Prior to the IEEE standard, programmers often used a special value (such as \u221299999999) to represent un... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pairwise independence-Example-Since each of the pairwise joint distributions equals the product of their respective marginal distributions, the variables are pairwise independent: X and Y are independent, and X and Z are independent, and Y and Z are independent.However, X, Y, and Z are not mutually independent, since ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hilbert R-tree-Hilbert R-tree-The dynamic Hilbert R-tree is suitable for dynamic databases where insertions, deletions, or updates may occur in real time. Moreover, dynamic Hilbert R-trees employ flexible deferred splitting mechanism to increase the space utilization. Every node has a well defined set of sibling nodes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory leak-Consequences-Much more serious leaks include those: where a program runs for a long time and consumes added memory over time, such as background tasks on servers, and especially in embedded systems which may be left running for many years where new memory is allocated frequently for one-time tasks, such as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CUR matrix approximation-CUR matrix approximation-The CUR matrix approximation is often used in place of the low-rank approximation of the SVD in principal component analysis. The CUR is less accurate, but the columns of the matrix C are taken from A and the rows of R are taken from A. In PCA, each column of A contain... | large_corpus_distillation |
associated with radio and television, though more recently, both radio and television transmissions have begun to be distributed by cable (cable television). The receiving parties may include the general public or a relatively small subset; the point is that anyone with the appropriate receiving technology and equipmen... | large_corpus_distillation |
of L, it is not a local extremum of L.\nWe have L(2+\u03b5,1,\u22121+\u03b4)=2+\u03b4(\u03b52+(22)\u03b5).\nGiven any neighbourhood of (2,1,\u22121), one can choose a small positive \u03b5 and a small \u03b4 of either sign to get L values both greater and less than 2.\nThis can also be seen from the Hessian matr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transposable integer-General-This explains the above common gcd and the phenomenon is true in any base if 10 is replaced by b, the base." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Map series-Map series-A map series is a group of topographic or thematic charts or maps usually having the same scale and cartographic specifications, and with each sheet appropriately identified by its publisher as belonging to the same series.Map series occur when an area is to be covered by a map that, due to its s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid polytope-Matroid polytope-In mathematics, a matroid polytope, also called a matroid basis polytope (or basis matroid polytope) to distinguish it from other polytopes derived from a matroid, is a polytope constructed via the bases of a matroid. Given a matroid M , the matroid polytope PM is the convex hull of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrete-time Markov chain-Communicating classes and properties-A state j is said to be accessible from a state i (written i \u2192 j) if a system started in state i has a non-zero probability of transitioning into state j at some point. Formally, state j is accessible from state i if there exists an integer nij \u226... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Topological graph-Extremal problems for topological graphs-The first linear upper bound on the number of edges of such a graph was established by Lov\u00e1sz et al.\nThe best known upper bound, 1.3984n, was proved by Fulek and Pach. Apart from geometric graphs, Conway's thrackle conjecture is known to be true for x-mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
transportation cost and debits Delivery Expense. The buyer records nothing.\nIf the terms are FOB shipping, ownership transfers at the origin as it leaves the seller\u2019s facility, so the buyer owns the merchandise\nall the while it is in transit. The buyer therefore absorbs the transportation cost and debits Merchan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Crowd manipulation-Crowds and their behavior-He also wrote: In the collective mind the intellectual aptitudes of the individuals, and in consequence their individuality are weakened. The heterogeneous is swamped by the homogeneous, and the unconscious qualities obtain the upper hand." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix multiplication algorithm-Iterative algorithm-Cache behavior The three loops in iterative matrix multiplication can be arbitrarily swapped with each other without an effect on correctness or asymptotic running time. However, the order can have a considerable impact on practical performance due to the memory acce... | large_corpus_distillation |
"VMAC-VMAC-VMAC is a block cipher-based message authentication code (MAC) algorithm using a universal hash proposed by Ted Krovetz and Wei Dai in April 2007. The algorithm was designed for high performance backed by a formal analysis.VMAC is designed to have exceptional performance in software on 64-bit CPU architectur... | large_corpus_distillation |
preserve from groups a notion of division. Division in semigroups (or in monoids) is not possible in general." | large_corpus_distillation |
"DMA attack-DMA attack-A DMA attack is a type of side channel attack in computer security, in which an attacker can penetrate a computer or other device, by exploiting the presence of high-speed expansion ports that permit direct memory access (DMA)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digest access authentication-HTTP digest authentication considerations-Alternative authentication protocols By far the most common approach is to use a HTTP+HTML form-based authentication cleartext protocol, or more rarely Basic access authentication. These weak cleartext protocols used together with HTTPS network enc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dynamic epistemic logic-Adding Dynamics-It states that player A knows that player B has the card but player C 'believes' that it is not the case." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Contraposition-Comparisons-The negation is \"There is at least one quadrilateral that does not have four sides.\" This statement is clearly false.Since the statement and the converse are both true, it is called a biconditional, and can be expressed as \"A polygon is a quadrilateral if, and only if, it has four sides.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"First-pass yield-Example-You can also get the total process yield for the entire process by simply dividing the number of good units produced by the number going into the start of the process. In this case, 70/100 = 0.70 or 70% yield." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semiautomaton-Transformation semigroups and monoid acts-Once one makes this demand, it is completely safe to drop all parenthesis, as the monoid product and the action of the monoid on the set are completely associative. In particular, this allows elements of the monoid to be represented as strings of letters, in the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistical inference-Models and assumptions-Model-free randomization inference Model-free techniques provide a complement to model-based methods, which employ reductionist strategies of reality-simplification. The former combine, evolve, ensemble and train algorithms dynamically adapting to the contextual affinities ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neyman construction-Another Example-X1,X2,...,Xn are iid random variables, and let T=(X1,X2,...,Xn) . Suppose T\u223cN(\u03bc,\u03c32) . Now to construct a confidence interval with C level of confidence. We know x\u00af is sufficient for \u03bc . So, p(\u2212Z\u03b12\u2264x\u00af\u2212\u03bc\u03c32\u2264Z\u03b12... | large_corpus_distillation |
party spying on the connection can only read the plaintext, and is thus misled as to what resource the requester is connecting to." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inflection-In various languages-Arabic (fusional) Modern Standard Arabic (also called Literary Arabic) is an inflected language. It uses a system of independent and suffix pronouns classified by person and number and verbal inflections marking person and number. Suffix pronouns are used as markers of possession and as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic vectorization-Theory-For example, consider a program fragment containing three statement groups inside a loop: (SCC1+SCC2), SCC3 and SCC4, in that order, in which only the second group (SCC3) can be vectorized. The final program will then contain three loops, one for each group, with only the middle one vect... | large_corpus_distillation |
function\". If we accept the hypothesis that every calculation/computation can be done by either method equivalently we have accepted both Kleene's Theorem XXX (the equivalence) and the Church\u2013Turing Thesis (the hypothesis of \"every\")." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Scott\u2013Potter set theory-ZU etc.-Some terminology peculiar to Potter's set theory: \u03b9 is a definite description operator and binds a variable. (In Potter's notation the iota symbol is inverted.) The predicate U holds for all urelements (non-collections).\n\u03b9x\u03a6(x) exists iff (\u2203!x)\u03a6(x). (Potte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C3 linearization-Description-A naive divide-and-conquer approach to computing the linearization of a class may invoke the algorithm recursively to find the linearizations of parent classes for the merge-subroutine. However, this will result in an infinitely looping recursion in the presence of a cyclic class hierarchy... | large_corpus_distillation |
term was applied to languages with a very small number of morphemes of which all other lexical units are composed. No language has been shown to fit the description of an oligosynthetic language and the concept is not in general use in linguistics." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Likelihood function-Log-likelihood-Log-likelihood function is a logarithmic transformation of the likelihood function, often denoted by a lowercase l or \u2113 , to contrast with the uppercase L or L for the likelihood. Because logarithms are strictly increasing functions, maximizing the likelihood is equivalent to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cross entropy-Cross-entropy loss function and logistic regression-Cross-entropy can be used to define a loss function in machine learning and optimization. The true probability pi is the true label, and the given distribution qi is the predicted value of the current model. This is also known as the log loss (or loga... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rank-maximal allocation-Algorithms-RM matchings were first studied by Robert Irving, who called them greedy matchings. He presented an algorithm that finds an RM matching in time O(n2c3) , where n is the number of agents and c is the largest length of a preference-list of an agent.Later, an improved algorithm was fou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic game-Two-player games-In many cases, there exists an equilibrium value of this probability, but optimal strategies for both players may not exist.\nWe introduce basic concepts and algorithmic questions studied in this area, and we mention some long-standing open problems. Then, we mention selected recent re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median-Medians for samples-Sampling distribution The distributions of both the sample mean and the sample median were determined by Laplace. The distribution of the sample median from a population with a density function f(x) is asymptotically normal with mean \u03bc and variance 14nf(m)2 where m is the median of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Security level-Typical levels-\u2020 DES was deprecated in 2003 Meaning of \"broken\" A cryptographic primitive is considered broken when an attack is found to have less than its advertised level of security. However, not all such attacks are practical: most currently demonstrated attacks take fewer than 240 operation... | large_corpus_distillation |
candidates), St = 900 = Score assigned to Mt, Sq = 350 = Score assigned to Mq.Percentile: A candidate's percentile denotes the percentage of candidates scoring lower than that particular candidate. It is calculated as: Percentile = ( 1 - All India rank/ No. of candidates in that subject ) x 100% Old formula Till GATE 2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Closest pair of points problem-Time bounds-Randomized algorithms that solve the problem in linear time are known, in Euclidean spaces whose dimension is treated as a constant for the purposes of asymptotic analysis. This is significantly faster than the O(n2) time (expressed here in big O notation) that would be obta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Football 5-a-side classification-Future-Going forward, disability sport's major classification body, the International Paralympic Committee, is working on improving classification to be more of an evidence-based system as opposed to a performance-based system so as not to punish elite athletes whose performance makes ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Categorical distribution-Sampling-There are a number of methods, but the most common way to sample from a categorical distribution uses a type of inverse transform sampling: Assume a distribution is expressed as \"proportional to\" some expression, with unknown normalizing constant. Before taking any samples, one prep... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache control instruction-Examples-Prefetch Also termed data cache block touch, the effect is to request loading the cache line associated with a given address. This is performed by the PREFETCH instruction in the x86 instruction set. Some variants bypass higher levels of the cache hierarchy, which is useful in a 'str... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SIM card-Data-The number is composed of the following subparts: Issuer identification number (IIN) Maximum of seven digits: Major industry identifier (MII), 2 fixed digits, 89 for telecommunication purposes.\nCountry code, 2 or 3 digits, as defined by ITU-T recommendation E.164.\nNANP countries, apart from Canada, use... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Perfect number-Minor results-28 is also the only even perfect number that is a sum of two positive cubes of integers (Gallardo 2010).\nThe reciprocals of the divisors of a perfect number N must add up to 2 (to get this, take the definition of a perfect number, \u03c31(n)=2n , and divide both sides by n): For 6, we ha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Programming language-Elements-Weak and strong typing Weak typing allows a value of one type to be treated as another, for example treating a string as a number. This can occasionally be useful, but it can also allow some kinds of program faults to go undetected at compile time and even at run time.\nStrong typing prev... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discounted cumulative gain-Limitations-Normalized DCG does not penalize for missing documents in the result. For example, if a query returns two results with scores 1,1,1 and 1,1,1,1,1 respectively, both would be considered equally good, assuming ideal DCG is computed to rank 3 for the former and rank 5 for the latter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interpolation attack-Key-recovery-If yes, then with high probability the guess of the last round key was correct. If no, then make another guess of the key.\nOnce we have found the correct last round key, then we can continue in a similar fashion on the remaining round keys.\nTime complexity With a secret round key of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Complexity class-Other models of computation-Interactive proof systems A number of complexity classes are defined using interactive proof systems. Interactive proofs generalize the proofs definition of the complexity class NP and yield insights into cryptography, approximation algorithms, and formal verification." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Focal subgroup theorem-Statement of the theorem-The focal subgroup of a finite group G with Sylow p-subgroup P is given by: P\u2229[G,G] = P\u2229Ap(G) = P\u2229ker(v) = FocG(P) = \u27e8 x\u22121 y | x,y in P and x is G-conjugate to y \u27e9where v is the transfer homomorphism from G to P/[P,P], (Isaacs 2008, Theorem ... | large_corpus_distillation |
for Monstrous moonshine. These minimality properties imply the mock modular forms are uniquely determined by their shadows, which are vector-valued theta series constructed from the root system. The special case where X is the A124 root system yields precisely Mathieu Moonshine. The umbral moonshine conjecture has been... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Privacy-enhancing technologies-Future PETs-Examples of privacy enhancing technologies that are being researched or developed include limited disclosure technology, anonymous credentials, negotiation and enforcement of data handling conditions, and data transaction logs. Limited disclosure technology provides a way of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Peanut App-Operation-The Peanut app is a social network exclusively for women, focusing on topics of pregnancy, motherhood, fertility, and menopause, available on iOS and Android devices. Users must prove their identity, in keeping with the primary function of in-app safety, and then they can create a profile to inter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negative number-Arithmetic involving negative numbers-For example, the expression 7 + \u22125 may be clearer if written 7 + (\u22125) (even though they mean exactly the same thing formally). The subtraction expression 7 \u2013 5 is a different expression that doesn't represent the same operations, but it evaluates to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Proceedings. 18th International Conference on Data Engineering, IEEE,(2002) Cited 240 times, according to Google Scholar Lujun Jia, Rajmohan Rajaraman, Torsten Suel, \"An efficient distributed algorithm for constructing small dominating sets\" Distributed Computing 15(3) pp. 193\u2013205 (2002) Cited 188 times, accord... | large_corpus_distillation |
by each individual, and that it will be possible to add elements depending on the context and circumstances (place, environmental conditions, capacity in terms of the provision of accessible communication networks etc.)." | large_corpus_distillation |
the generalization error.\nThe type of result in Eq.(16) gives us an upper bound guarantee of generalization error.\nWe can then select the model with the best guarantee, i.e., the one with the lowest bound.\nFigure 2 shows how we would expect the upper bound to behave as a function of increasingly\ncomplex models in o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimum bounding rectangle-Minimum bounding rectangle-In computational geometry, the minimum bounding rectangle (MBR), also known as bounding box (BBOX) or envelope, is an expression of the maximum extents of a two-dimensional object (e.g. point, line, polygon) or set of objects within its x-y coordinate system; in ot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discriminant of an algebraic number field-Basic results-Brill's theorem: The sign of the discriminant is (\u22121)r2 where r2 is the number of complex places of K.\nA prime p ramifies in K if and only if p divides \u0394K .\nStickelberger's theorem: or mod 4).\nMinkowski's bound: Let n denote the degree of the extens... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Individuation-Usage-In privacy and data protection law From around 2016, coinciding with increased government regulation of the collection and handling of personal data, most notably the GDPR in EU Law, individuation has been used to describe the \u2018singling out\u2019 of a person from a crowd \u2013 a threat to pri... | large_corpus_distillation |
and says that the sequence (in n) of distribution functions\nPr{Sn\u2212nX\u00af\n\u2264z}\n}\nconverges at every z\n\u221an\u03c3\nto the normal distribution function at z. This is an example of convergence in distribution.\nDefinition 1.5.1. A sequence of random variables, Z 1 ,Z 2 ,\u2026 converges in distribution t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptographic agility-Best practices-Best practices about dealing with crypto-agility include: All business applications involving any sort of cryptographic technology should incorporate the latest algorithms and techniques.\nCrypto-agility requirements must be disseminated to all hardware, software and service suppli... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ontology-Types of ontologies-Flat vs polycategorical vs hierarchical One way to divide ontologies is by the number of basic categories they use. Monocategorical or one category ontologies hold that there is only one basic category while polycategorical ontologies imply that there are several distinct basic categories.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Skolem's paradox-The paradoxical result and its mathematical implications-Skolem went on to explain why there was no contradiction. In the context of a specific model of set theory, the term \"set\" does not refer to an arbitrary set, but only to a set that is actually included in the model. The definition of countabi... | large_corpus_distillation |
P s P t has density p s p t as defined in the theorem.\nIf T =N (discrete time), then the transition kernels of X are just the powers of the one-step transition kernel. That is, if we let P =P 1 then P n =Pn\nfor n\u2208N.\nRecall that a kernel defines two operations: operating on the left with positive measures on (S,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest English sentence-Longest English sentence-Sentences can be made arbitrarily long in various ways. One method is successive iterations, such as \"Someone thinks that someone thinks that someone thinks that someone thinks that...,\" or by combining shorter clauses. Sentences can also be extended by recursively ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deep learning-Neural networks-An ANN is based on a collection of connected units called artificial neurons, (analogous to biological neurons in a biological brain). Each connection (synapse) between neurons can transmit a signal to another neuron. The receiving (postsynaptic) neuron can process the signal(s) and then ... | large_corpus_distillation |
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