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"Figure 6.2.6: A density histogram\nThe whole purpose of constructing a partition and graphing one of these empirical distributions corresponding to the partition is to\nsummarize and display the data in a meaningful way. Thus, there are some general guidelines in choosing the classes:\n1. The number of classes should ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and later than 24 months). The IQ of children who were able to form a sentence at less than 24 months of age averaged 107 points, whereas children who were able to form a sentence later than 24 months of age in young adulthood (20\u201334 years old) had an average IQ of 101. Early passing developmental milestones and t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convex hull-Special cases-Finite point sets The convex hull of a finite point set S\u2282Rd forms a convex polygon when d=2 , or more generally a convex polytope in Rd . Each extreme point of the hull is called a vertex, and (by the Krein\u2013Milman theorem) every convex polytope is the convex hull of its vertices... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03d5:Rn\u2192R a function from vectors to scalars, and A:Rn\u2192Rn a vector field. We have the following special cases of the multi-variable chain rule.\n\u2207(f\u2218\u03d5)=(f\u2032\u2218\u03d5)\u2207\u03d5(r\u2218f)\u2032=(r\u2032\u2218f)f\u2032(\u03d5\u2218r)\u2032=(\u2207\u03d5\u2218r)\u22c5r\u2032(A\u2218r)\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"# Reverse the list\ndance_list.reverse()\nprint(dance_list)\n# Sort the list\ndance_list.sort()\nprint(dance_list)\n[38, 92, 23, 16]\n[16, 23, 38, 92]\n[\"Dabke\", \"Flamenco\", \"Hopak\", \"Kathak\", \"Salsa\", \"Ballet\", \"Stepping\"]\n[\"Ballet\", \"Dabke\", \"Flamenco\", \"Hopak\", \"Kathak\", \"Salsa\", \"Steppi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetry of second derivatives-Sufficiency of twice-differentiability-A weaker condition than the continuity of second partial derivatives (which is implied by the latter) which suffices to ensure symmetry is that all partial derivatives are themselves differentiable. Another strengthening of the theorem, in which exi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Helmholtz free energy-Bogoliubov inequality-Proof of the Bogoliubov inequality For a classical model we can prove the Bogoliubov inequality as follows. We denote the canonical probability distributions for the Hamiltonian and the trial Hamiltonian by Pr and P~r , respectively. From Gibbs' inequality we know that: lo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reproducing kernel Hilbert space-Moore\u2013Aronszajn theorem-Let H be the completion of H0 with respect to this inner product. Then H consists of functions of the form where lim sup 0.\nNow we can check the reproducing property (2): \u27e8f,Kx\u27e9H=\u2211i=1\u221eai\u27e8Kxi,Kx\u27e9H0=\u2211i=1\u221eaiK(xi,x)=f(x)... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum score estimator-Setting-Binary response For example, suppose that C only contains two items. This is the latent utility representation of a binary choice model. In this model, the choice is: Yt=1[X1,t\u03b2+\u03b51>X2,t\u03b2+\u03b52] , where X1,t,X2,t are two vectors of the explanatory covariates, \u03b51 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Irrational number-Types-Because the algebraic numbers form a subfield of the real numbers, many irrational real numbers can be constructed by combining transcendental and algebraic numbers. For example, 3\u03c0 + 2, \u03c0 + \u221a2 and e\u221a3 are irrational (and even transcendental)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naming convention (programming)-Language-specific conventions-The Microsoft guidelines for naming fields are specific to static, public, and protected fields; fields that are not static and that have other accessibility levels (such as internal and private) are explicitly not covered by the guidelines. The most common... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expander graph-Applications and useful properties-Within the AKS sorting network, expander graphs are used to construct bounded depth \u03b5-halvers. An \u03b5-halver takes as input a length n permutation of (1, \u2026, n) and halves the inputs into two disjoint sets A and B such that for each integer k \u2264 n\u2044... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial intelligence systems integration-Challenges & solutions-Collaboration is an integral part of software development as evidenced by the size of software companies and the size of their software departments. Among the tools to ease software collaboration are various procedures and standards that developers can... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regularized least squares-Specific examples-\u21130 Penalization min w\u2208Rd The most extreme way to enforce sparsity is to say that the actual magnitude of the coefficients of w does not matter; rather, the only thing that determines the complexity of w is the number of non-zero entries. This corresponds to setti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fault injection-Software implemented fault injection-Runtime injection techniques can use a number of different techniques to insert faults into a system via a trigger.\nCorruption of memory space: This technique consists of corrupting RAM, processor registers, and I/O map.\nSyscall interposition techniques: This is c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Byte pair encoding-Byte pair encoding-Byte pair encoding (also known as digram coding) is an algorithm, first described in 1994 by Philip Gage. Its modification is notable as the large language model tokenizer with an ability to combine both tokens that encode single characters (including single digits or single punct... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multi-compartment model-Multi-compartment model-A multi-compartment model is a type of mathematical model used for describing the way materials or energies are transmitted among the compartments of a system. Sometimes, the physical system that we try to model in equations is too complex, so it is much easier to discre... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayes estimator-Practical example of Bayes estimators-IMDb's approach ensures that a film with only a few ratings, all at 10, would not rank above \"the Godfather\", for example, with a 9.2 average from over 500,000 ratings." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hote language-Grammar-Example:tom \"one\" tom tom \"each one\" hawa numbe\u014b numbe\u014b \"He gets very many.\" 3s.get plenty plenty Counting System: The counting system of the Hote language is based on one man which utilizes seven different numerals as a base: 1,2,3,4,5,10, and 20. Numbers in between, (6-9, 11-19,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bounded quantification-Bounded quantification-In type theory, bounded quantification (also bounded polymorphism or constrained genericity) refers to universal or existential quantifiers which are restricted (\"bounded\") to range only over the subtypes of a particular type. Bounded quantification is an interaction of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fail-fast-Fail-fast-In systems design, a fail-fast system is one which immediately reports at its interface any condition that is likely to indicate a failure. Fail-fast systems are usually designed to stop normal operation rather than attempt to continue a possibly flawed process. Such designs often check the system'... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shackle code-Alternatives-During World War II, the shackle codes took time to encode and decode, so during battle, sometimes troops radioed English plaintext with profanity.\nNavajo code talkers were also used as an alternative." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frame semantics (linguistics)-Applications-Google originally started a frame semantic parser project that aims parse the information on Wikipedia and transfer it into Wikidata by coming up with relevant relations using artificial intelligence." | large_corpus_distillation |
of the distribution of X and the symmetry of the condition that |X|\u2264c In this example, the difference X\u2212Y is nowhere near being normally distributed, since it has a substantial probability (about 0.88) of it being equal to 0. By contrast, the normal distribution, being a continuous distribution, has no dis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gillham code-Coding-The height information is represented as 11 binary digits in a parallel form using 11 separate lines designated D2 D4 A1 A2 A4 B1 B2 B4 C1 C2 C4. As a twelfth bit, the Gillham code contains a D1 bit but this is unused and consequently set to zero in practical applications." | large_corpus_distillation |
p. There are nonetheless some variations of the previous questions that admit uniform answers: (from Chaundy and Bullard (1960)):If k1,k2,n are positive natural numbers, and k1<k2 , then P(r\u2265k1;k1n,1n)>P(r\u2265k2;k2n,1n) If k,n1,n2 are positive natural numbers, and n1<n2 , then P(r\u2265k;kn1,1n1)>P(r\u2265... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autocrypt-Technical details-Autocrypt uses the established OpenPGP specification as its underlying data format. Messages are encrypted using AES and RSA keys, with a recommended RSA key length of 3072 bits. These mechanisms are chosen for maximum compatibility with existing OpenPGP implementations. There are plans for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"UniPro protocol stack-Data Link Layer (L2)-A bandwidth of 1 Gbit/s and a bit-error rate of 10\u221212 at a speed of 1 gigabit/s would imply an error every 1000 seconds or once every 1000th transmitted Gbit. Layer 2 thus automatically corrects these errors at the cost of marginal loss of bandwidth and at the cost of bu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nearest-neighbor chain algorithm-Nearest-neighbor chain algorithm-The main idea of the algorithm is to find pairs of clusters to merge by following paths in the nearest neighbor graph of the clusters. Every such path will eventually terminate at a pair of clusters that are nearest neighbors of each other, and the algo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Publication cycle-Publication process-Examples The Wall Street Journal Personal Diary Book publication This is possibly one of the longest processes due to the many levels of review that go into the production of a book. There are usually many editions of books because each must be reviewed and revised before it actua... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Minimum-Pairs Protocol-Analysis-Compared to the average (i.e., RTT/2), the MP protocol never returns an estimate to the smaller of the forward and reverse OWD that is larger than that returned by the average method. Additionally, the probability distribution of absolute error for the MP protocol has been derived as a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software versioning-Pre-release versions-Some systems use numerical versions less than 1 (such as 0.9), to suggest their approach toward a final \"1.0\" release. This is a common convention in open source software. However, if the pre-release version is for an existing software package (e.g. version 2.5), then an \"a\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Oracle Data Mining-Overview-Models can be created and managed by one of several means. Oracle Data Miner provides a graphical user interface that steps the user through the process of creating, testing, and applying models (e.g. along the lines of the CRISP-DM methodology). Application- and tools-developers can embed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reachability-Algorithms-When completed, s and t , and their incident edges, are removed. Each remaining vertex stores a 2-dimensional label with values from 1 to n Given two vertices u and v , and their labels L(u)=(a1,a2) and L(v)=(b1,b2) , we say that L(u)<L(v) if and only if a1\u2264b1 , a2\u2264b2 , and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Simplenote-Reception-The application was reviewed by Mac Life, reviewed in the book Lifehacker: The Guide to Working Smarter, Faster, and Better, and covered in the book The Business of iPhone and iPad App Development." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular arithmetic-Congruence classes-Thus, these n integers are representatives of their respective residue classes. It is generally easier to work with integers than sets of integers; that is, the representatives most often considered, rather than their residue classes. Consequently, mod n) denotes generally the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Debugger-Memory protection-Some debuggers also incorporate memory protection to avoid storage violations such as buffer overflow. This may be extremely important in transaction processing environments where memory is dynamically allocated from memory 'pools' on a task by task basis." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Source Code Control System-Background-The Source Code Control System (SCCS) is a system for controlling file and history changes. Software is typically upgraded to a new version by fixing bugs, optimizing algorithms and adding extra functions. Changing software causes problems that require version control to solve.\nS... | large_corpus_distillation |
for users and attackers. The data is used to train the fraud detection system itself, thus creating the necessary adaptation of the system to a specific environment.\" " | large_corpus_distillation |
a new comic book series was created, readers were asked to submit names for the lettercol title right from the outset." | large_corpus_distillation |
of freedom.\nProduct of variables The product of independent random variables X and Y may belong to the same family of distribution as X and Y: Bernoulli distribution and log-normal distribution." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Selection theorem-Selection theorems for set-valued functions-The approximate selection theorem says that the following conditions are sufficient for the existence of a continuous selection: X : compact metric space Y : nonempty compact, convex subset of a normed linear space F:X\u21922Y a set-valued function, all val... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lowest common ancestor-Extension to directed acyclic graphs-Bender et al. (2005) gave an equivalent definition, where the lowest common ancestors of x and y are the nodes of out-degree zero in the subgraph of G induced by the set of common ancestors of x and y.In a tree, the lowest common ancestor is unique; in a DAG ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Float (project management)-Example-Some of these activities can run concurrently e.g. obtaining the glass, obtaining the putty, choosing the paint etc., while others are consecutive e.g. the paint cannot be bought until it has been chosen, the new window cannot be painted until the window is installed and the new putt... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java (programming language)-Implementations-Platform-independent Java is essential to Java EE, and an even more rigorous validation is required to certify an implementation. This environment enables portable server-side applications." | large_corpus_distillation |
"6.867 Machine learning, lecture 22 (Jaakkola) 8\nThe normalization constant for the posterior in Eq.(15) is given by\n\u23a1 \u23a4\n\ufffd\n\ufffd \u0393(\n\ufffd\n\u03b1 ) \ufffd\nri\n\u0393(\u03b1 + n )\n\u23a3 P (x i t|x p t ai ,\u03b8 ij )\u23a6 P (\u03b8 ij )d\u03b8 ij = \u0393( \ufffd \u03b1 k + \ufffd ijk n ) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Heptadecagon-Symmetry-The regular heptadecagon has Dih17 symmetry, order 34. Since 17 is a prime number there is one subgroup with dihedral symmetry: Dih1, and 2 cyclic group symmetries: Z17, and Z1." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electromagnetic attack-Known attacks-Examples of vulnerable encryption schemes Widely used theoretical encryption schemes are mathematically secure, yet this type of security does not consider their physical implementations, and thus, do not necessarily protect against side-channel attacks. Therefore, the vulnerabilit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Has-a-Examples-C++ Another way to distinguish between composition and aggregation in modeling the real world, is to consider the relative lifetime of the contained object. For example, if a Car object contains a Chassis object, a Chassis will most likely not be replaced during the lifetime of the Car. It will have the... | large_corpus_distillation |
distance. Since this additional check is applied only to geometry found in violation of the Manhattan distance rule, it is not invoked often, so the computational overhead is very small." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mandatory access control-Implementations-Apple's Mac OS X MAC framework is an implementation of the TrustedBSD MAC framework. A limited high-level sandboxing interface is provided by the command-line function sandbox_init. See the sandbox_init manual page for documentation.\nAstra Linux OS developed for Russian Army h... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-medoids-Algorithms-In general, the k-medoids problem is NP-hard to solve exactly. As such, many heuristic solutions exist.\nPartitioning Around Medoids (PAM) PAM uses a greedy search which may not find the optimum solution, but it is faster than exhaustive search. It works as follows: (BUILD) Initialize: greedily se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistical hypothesis testing-The testing process-Select a significance level (\u03b1), a probability threshold below which the null hypothesis will be rejected. Common values are 5% and 1%." | large_corpus_distillation |
II (differential linear dependence): Given a number field P , when there are coefficients ( ck,dkl\u2208P ), not all zero, such that {\\textstyle \\sum _{k}{{c_{k}}{Z_{k}}}+\\sum _{kl}{{d_{kl}}{\\frac {\\partial }{\\partial {x_{l}}}}{Z_{k}}=0}} the Eqs.(*) are thought as differential linear dependent. If dkl\u226... | large_corpus_distillation |
of JC(Fqn) , the so-called trace of D: Tr \u2061(D)=\u2211i=0n\u22121\u03c3i(D)=D+\u03c3(D)+\u22ef+\u03c3n\u22121(D) Based on this endomorphism one can reduce the Jacobian variety to a subgroup G with the property, that every element is of trace zero: Tr neutral element in JC(Fqn) G is the kernel of the trace endomor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial hierarchy-Definitions-Let C be a class of languages. Extend these operators to work on whole classes of languages by the definition := is a polynomial and L\u2208C} := is a polynomial and L\u2208C} Again, De Morgan's laws hold: co\u2203PC=\u2200PcoC and co\u2200PC=\u2203PcoC , where coC={Lc|L\u2208C} T... | large_corpus_distillation |
aggregation, and joining operations on the data. Figure 1 shows a sample Pig program and Figure 2 shows how this is translated into a series of MapReduce operations." | large_corpus_distillation |
faster than a lock, but it will not work in some situations before Java 5. The range of situations in which volatile is effective was expanded in Java 5; in particular, double-checked locking now works correctly." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Depth-first search-Properties-For applications of DFS in relation to specific domains, such as searching for solutions in artificial intelligence or web-crawling, the graph to be traversed is often either too large to visit in its entirety or infinite (DFS may suffer from non-termination). In such cases, search is onl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic Complaint-Letter Generator-Usage-The website generates exclusively complaint letters. It allows users to specify the name of the individual or company that the complaint is directed toward, as well as the number of paragraphs the complaint will be. After submitting the data, the computer generates sentences ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the pseudo-cross-covariance matrix is defined as: JZW=[E[(Z1\u2212E\u2061[Z1])(W1\u2212E\u2061[W1])]E[(Z1\u2212E\u2061[Z1])(W2\u2212E\u2061[W2])]\u22efE[(Z1\u2212E\u2061[Z1])(Wn\u2212E\u2061[Wn])]E[(Z2\u2212E\u2061[Z2])(W1\u2212E\u2061[W1])]E[(Z2\u2212E\u2061[Z2])(W2\u2212E\u2061[W2])]\u22efE[(Z2\u2212E\u2061[Z2])(Wn\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat's factorization method-Fermat's factorization method-Each odd number has such a representation. Indeed, if N=cd is a factorization of N, then N=(c+d2)2\u2212(c\u2212d2)2 Since N is odd, then c and d are also odd, so those halves are integers. (A multiple of four is also a difference of squares: let c and d be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Haj\u00f3s construction-The Haj\u00f3s number-Because merging two non-adjacent vertices reduces the number of vertices in the resulting graph, the number of operations needed to represent a given graph G using the operations defined by Haj\u00f3s may exceed the number of vertices in G.More specifically, Mansfield & We... | large_corpus_distillation |
[0, 2), butdoes\nnothaveanabsolutemaximumover [0, 2). Thesetwographsillustratewhyafunctionoveraboundedintervalmayfailto\nhave an absolute maximum and/or absolute minimum.\nBeforelookingathowtofindabsoluteextrema,let\u2019sexaminetherelatedconceptoflocalextrema.Thisideaisusefulin\ndetermining where absolute extrema occu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sieve of Pritchard-Implementation-For maximum speed it is also optimized using a small wheel to avoid sieving with the first few primes (although this does not change its asymptotic time complexity).\nTherefore the sieve of Pritchard is not competitive as a practical sieve over sufficiently large ranges." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tuckman's stages of group development-Further developments-Leadership strategies to facilitate successful team development A healthcare research study \"Maximizing Team Performance: The Critical Role of the Nurse Leader\" examined the role of nursing leaders in facilitating the development of high performing change te... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Swimming pool sanitation-Private pool filtration-Pool re-circulation Water returning from the consecutive dilution system is passed through return jets below the surface. These are designed to impact a turbulent flow as the water enters the pool. This flow as a force is far less than the mass of water in the pool and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Neural tangent kernel-Applications-Overparametrization, interpolation, and generalization In overparametrized models, the number of tunable parameters exceeds the number of training samples. In this case, the model is able to memorize (perfectly fit) the training data. Therefore, overparametrized models interpolate th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extended Euclidean algorithm-Description-Example The following table shows how the extended Euclidean algorithm proceeds with input 240 and 46. The greatest common divisor is the last non zero entry, 2 in the column \"remainder\". The computation stops at row 6, because the remainder in it is 0. B\u00e9zout coefficien... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular decomposition-Modules-For recognizing distance-hereditary graphs and circle graphs, a further generalization of modular decomposition, called the split decomposition, is especially useful (Spinrad, 2003)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exact division-Computation of near-exact divisions with bounded number of cuts-Also, deciding whether there exists an \u03b5-approximate consensus halving with n-1 cuts is NP-hard even when \u03b5 is a constant. The proof is by reduction from 3SAT.When \u03b5 is a constant, two types of approximations can be computed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modularity (biology)-Evolution of Modularity-The exact evolutionary origins of biological modularity has been debated since the 1990s. In the mid 1990s, G\u00fcnter Wagner argued that modularity could have arisen and been maintained through the interaction of four evolutionary modes of action: [1] Selection for the ra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hall's marriage theorem-Hall's marriage theorem-The graph theoretic formulation answers whether a finite bipartite graph has a perfect matching\u2014that is, a way to match each vertex from one group uniquely to an adjacent vertex from the other group. Hall's condition is that any subset of vertices from one group has... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Acoustic homing-Method-An object can be equipped with two or more acoustic transducers, which function as speakers and microphones. If a transducer receives a sound louder than that received by the other transducer, the object turns in the transducer's direction. If the object is to manoeuvre in three-dimensional spac... | large_corpus_distillation |
became easier to associate authors with key terms and topics. The Web of Knowledge platform was connected to ResearcherID in 2011, compensating manual mistakes between profiles and literature. Due to a vast development of unique identifiers in the research field, there has been numbers of systems serving identificatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fast syndrome-based hash-Security proof of FSB-Suppose that we have found a collision, so we have Hash(m1) = Hash(m2) with m1\u2260m2 . Then we can find two regular words w1 and w2 such that Hw1=Hw2 . We then have H(w1+w2)=Hw1+Hw2=2Hw1=0 ; (w1+w2) is a sum of two different regular words and so must be a 2-regula... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Classical modular curve-Mappings-For instance, X0(11) has j-invariant \u221221211\u22125313, and is isomorphic to the curve y2 + y = x3 \u2212 x2 \u2212 10x \u2212 20. If we substitute this value of j for y in X0(5), we obtain two rational roots and a factor of degree four. The two rational roots correspond to isomorp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Circuit (computer science)-Circuit (computer science)-In theoretical computer science, a circuit is a model of computation in which input values proceed through a sequence of gates, each of which computes a function. Circuits of this kind provide a generalization of Boolean circuits and a mathematical model for digita... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Examples and Special Cases\nSpecial Distributions\nMany of the special distributions studied in this chapter are general exponential families, at least with respect to some of their\nparameters. On the other hand, most commonly, a parametric family fails to be a general exponential family because the support set\ndepe... | large_corpus_distillation |
point is not feasible - that is, satisfying the constraints - this is preceded by so-called phase I methods, which either find a feasible point or show that none exist. Phase I methods generally consist of reducing the search in question to yet another convex optimization problem.) Convex optimization problems can also... | large_corpus_distillation |
"T2 (classification)-Rankings-This classification has UCI rankings for elite competitors." | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u03a3-finite measure-Properties-Though measures which are not \u03c3-finite are sometimes regarded as pathological, they do in fact occur quite naturally. For instance, if X is a metric space of Hausdorff dimension r, then all lower-dimensional Hausdorff measures are non-\u03c3-finite if considered as measures on X.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latent semantic analysis-Alternative methods-Latent semantic indexing Latent semantic indexing (LSI) is an indexing and retrieval method that uses a mathematical technique called singular value decomposition (SVD) to identify patterns in the relationships between the terms and concepts contained in an unstructured col... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic-curve cryptography-History-The use of elliptic curves in cryptography was suggested independently by Neal Koblitz and Victor S. Miller in 1985. Elliptic curve cryptography algorithms entered wide use in 2004 to 2005.\nIn 1999, NIST recommended fifteen elliptic curves. Specifically, FIPS 186-4 has ten recommen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Out-of-order execution-History-Out-of-order execution is a restricted form of data flow computation, which was a major research area in computer architecture in the 1970s and early 1980s." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Travelling salesman problem-Description-The travelling purchaser problem deals with a purchaser who is charged with purchasing a set of products. He can purchase these products in several cities, but at different prices and not all cities offer the same products. The objective is to find a route between a subset of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Geometry processing-Smoothing-The pertinent Lagrangian to be minimized is derived by recording the conformity to the initial signal f\u00af and the smoothness of the resulting signal, which approximated by the magnitude of the gradient with a weight \u03bb :L(f)=\u222b\u03a9\u2016f\u2212f\u00af\u20162+\u03bb\u2016\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix decomposition-Decompositions based on eigenvalues and related concepts-Eigendecomposition Also called spectral decomposition.\nApplicable to: square matrix A with linearly independent eigenvectors (not necessarily distinct eigenvalues).\nDecomposition: A=VDV\u22121 , where D is a diagonal matrix formed from th... | large_corpus_distillation |
angular acceleration of K \u2032 {\\textstyle K'} with respect to K {\\textstyle K} ." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code-Theory-Kraft's inequality characterizes the sets of codeword lengths that are possible in a prefix code. Virtually any uniquely decodable one-to-many code, not necessarily a prefix one, must satisfy Kraft's inequality.\nError-correcting codes Codes may also be used to represent data in a way more resistant to err... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Execution model-Details of an execution model-The static choices are most often implemented inside a compiler, in which case the order of work is represented by the order in which instructions are placed into the executable binary. The dynamic choices would then be implemented inside the language's runtime system. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grunwald\u2013Wang theorem-Explanation of Wang's counter-example-The field K=Q(7) is 2-special as well, but with S0=\u2205 . This explains the other counter-example above." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extension cord-Maintenance-Another dangerous modification to an extension cord is removing the third prong in order to fit sockets, which results in removing of the grounding prong, as well as loss of the hot/neutral prong distinction." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kitchen-Domestic kitchen planning-In larger homes, where the owners might have meals prepared by a household staff member, the home may have a chef's kitchen. This typically differs from a normal domestic kitchen by having multiple ovens (possibly of different kinds for different kinds of cooking), multiple sinks, and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Accident-Types-Accidents by activity Accidents during the execution of work or arising out of it are called work accidents. According to the International Labour Organization (ILO), more than 337 million accidents happen on the job each year, resulting, together with occupational diseases, in more than 2.3 million dea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic programming-Problem formulation-Given: a real-valued, n-dimensional vector c, an n\u00d7n-dimensional real symmetric matrix Q, an m\u00d7n-dimensional real matrix A, and an m-dimensional real vector b,the objective of quadratic programming is to find an n-dimensional vector x, that will where xT denotes the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integrity (operating system)-Supported processor architectures-The INTEGRITY Architecture Support Package (ASP) provides support for many processor families: PowerPC/Power ISA AMD and Intel: x86 ARM Holdings: ARM MIPS " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest-processing-time-first scheduling-Performance guarantees: identical machines-Restricted LPT There is a variant of LPT, called Restricted-LPT or RLPT, in which the inputs are partitioned into subsets of size m called ranks (rank 1 contains the largest m inputs, rank 2 the next-largest m inputs, etc.). The inputs... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursive least squares filter-Lattice recursive least squares filter (LRLS)-Parameter summary \u03baf(k,i) is the forward reflection coefficient \u03bab(k,i) is the backward reflection coefficient ef(k,i) represents the instantaneous a posteriori forward prediction error eb(k,i) represents the instantaneous a posteri... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stationery-History of stationery-Originally, the term 'stationery' referred to all products sold by a stationer, whose name indicated that his book shop was on a fixed spot. This was usually somewhere near a university, and permanent, while medieval trading was mainly carried on by itinerant peddlers (including chapme... | large_corpus_distillation |
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