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"Dynamic perfect hashing-Details-In the dynamic case, when a key is inserted into the hash table, if its entry in its respective subtable is occupied, then a collision is said to occur and the subtable is rebuilt based on its new total entry count and randomly selected hash function. Because the load factor of the seco... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MacKeeper-Reception-Version 1 & 2 of the program received mixed reviews, with reviewers being divided as to the effectiveness of the software. Some versions of MacKeeper opened a critical security hole in customers' Macs; Kromtech later issued a fix. AV-Comparatives found that MacKeeper warned of \"serious\" issues on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Time formatting and storage bugs-Time formatting and storage bugs-In computer science, time formatting and storage bugs are a class of software bugs that cause errors in time and date calculation or display. These are most commonly manifestations of arithmetic overflow, but can also be the result of other issues. The ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Example-Consider the 4 \u00d7 5 matrix M=[10002003000000002000] A singular value decomposition of this matrix is given by U\u03a3V\u204e 0.2 0.8 0.8 0.2 ] The scaling matrix \u03a3 is zero outside of the diagonal (grey italics) and one diagonal element is zero (red bold, light blue bold i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secure by design-Fewest privileges-Also, it is important that everything works with the fewest privileges possible (see the principle of least privilege). For example, a web server that runs as the administrative user (\"root\" or \"admin\") can have the privilege to remove files and users. A flaw in such a program co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Null encryption-Null encryption-Examples of this are the \"eNULL\" and \"aNULL\" cipher suite in OpenSSL, and the \"NULL Encryption Algorithm\" in IPSec." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Las Vegas algorithm-Relation to Monte Carlo algorithms-This is an example of Las Vegas and Monte Carlo algorithms for comparison:Assume that there is an array with the length of even n. Half of the entries in the array are 0's and the remaining half are 1's. The goal here is to find an index that contains a 1." | large_corpus_distillation |
2nd, mj-1 finish j-1th, the chance of player i finish jth place is P(Xi,j|Xm1,1, Xm2,x.....Xmj-1,j-1) = xi/(1-xm1-xm2-....-xmj-1) Sum of the value in each permutation (using enumeration, computation complexity = O(n!))For example: 3 players A,B,C have 50%, 30%, 20% chips, the payout is 1st place 70, 2nd place 30 P(A=1,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Edge coloring-Algorithms-Because the problem of testing whether a graph is class 1 is NP-complete, there is no known polynomial time algorithm for edge-coloring every graph with an optimal number of colors. Nevertheless, a number of algorithms have been developed that relax one or more of these criteria: they only wor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Patch (computing)-Variants-Hotfix A hotfix or Quick Fix Engineering update (QFE update) is a single, cumulative package that includes information (often in the form of one or more files) that is used to address a problem in a software product (i.e., a software bug). Typically, hotfixes are made to address a specific c... | large_corpus_distillation |
part i equals 24 ti . By the same partition, WMMS 11 and WMMS 3t=9 . When all n entitlements are equal, WMMS MMS -out-of- n An allocation of C is called WMMS-fair for entitlement-vector t if the value of each agent i is at least WMMS it\u2061(C) . When all n agents have identical valuations, a WMMS-fair allocatio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Plural quantification-Background and motivation-Boolos argued that second-order monadic quantification may be systematically interpreted in terms of plural quantification, and that, therefore, second-order monadic quantification is \"ontologically innocent\".Later, Oliver & Smiley (2001), Rayo (2002), Yi (2005) and Mc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Formal fallacy-Common examples-Most Jornars are Dimnars.\nTherefore, most Rimnars are Dimnars.This is fallacious. And so is this: People in Kentucky support a border fence.\nPeople in New York do not support a border fence.\nTherefore, people in New York do not support people in Kentucky.Indeed, there is no logical pr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Robertson\u2013Webb envy-free cake-cutting algorithm-Robertson\u2013Webb envy-free cake-cutting algorithm-The Robertson\u2013Webb protocol is a protocol for envy-free cake-cutting which is also near-exact. It has the following properties: It works for any number (n) of partners.\nIt works for any set of weights repres... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Influence diagram-Example-Consider the simple influence diagram representing a situation where a decision-maker is planning their vacation.\nThere is 1 decision node (Vacation Activity), 2 uncertainty nodes (Weather Condition, Weather Forecast), and 1 value node (Satisfaction)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Caffeinated alcoholic drink-Legal status-United States The adverse effects of caffeinated alcoholic drinks have led to increased regulation. Under the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, a substance intentionally added to food (such as caffeine in alcoholic drinks) is deemed \"unsafe\" and is unlawful unless its par... | large_corpus_distillation |
"100-year flood-Regulatory use-In the United States, the 100-year flood provides the risk basis for flood insurance rates. Complete information on the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) is available here. A regulatory flood or base flood is routinely established for river reaches through a science-based rule-makin... | large_corpus_distillation |
completion of a specified number of continuing education contact hours prior to issuing or renewing a license. Licensing is somewhat controversial as it adds a bureaucratic layer in a field that is severely understaffed. Simply requiring testing personnel to obtain and maintain their national certification would help e... | large_corpus_distillation |
received and the provider enacts support in a skillful, subtle way." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Position weight matrix-Information content-The self-information of observing a particular symbol at a particular position of the motif is: log \u2061(pi,j) The expected (average) self-information of a particular element in the PWM is then: log \u2061(pi,j) Finally, the IC of the PWM is then the sum of the expected sel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Verb phrase-In dependency grammars-While phrase structure grammars (constituency grammars) acknowledge both finite and non-finite VPs as constituents (complete subtrees), dependency grammars reject the former. That is, dependency grammars acknowledge only non-finite VPs as constituents; finite VPs do not qualify as co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nested word-Languages-In contrast to the construction for concatenation shown above, the complementation construction for visibly pushdown automata parallels the standard construction for deterministic pushdown automata.\nMoreover, like the class of context free languages the class of visibly pushdown languages is clo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Electromagnetic attack-Countermeasures-Implementation countermeasures As many electromagnetic attacks, especially SEMA attacks, rely on asymmetric implementations of cryptographic algorithms, an effective countermeasure is to ensure that a given operation performed at a given step of the algorithm gives no information... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CFS (file format)-Technical Information-Duplicate file records are to be used only to allow representing files with data extents that are larger than 4GiB-2048. Duplicate file records are not to be used to represent files with fragmented data. When duplicate file records are used, the multi-extent flag must also be us... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Split (bowling)-Equivalent splits-Since the pins are set up as an equilateral triangle, identically spaced splits can occur on different parts of the lane. Converting them would be done in the same manner.\n7\u20139 = 8\u201310, 4\u20136 5\u20137 = 2\u20136*, 3\u20134*, 4\u20139, 5\u201310, 6\u20138 3\u20137 = 2\u2013... | large_corpus_distillation |
As mentioned previously, for trees following this decomposition strategy the height depends on the spatial distribution of the points. Like the point quadtree, the PR quadtree may also have a linear height when given a \"bad\" set." | large_corpus_distillation |
.So whether \u22072 refers to a Laplacian or a Hessian matrix depends on the context." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary search algorithm-Implementation issues-Although the basic idea of binary search is comparatively straightforward, the details can be surprisingly tricky When Jon Bentley assigned binary search as a problem in a course for professional programmers, he found that ninety percent failed to provide a correct solutio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"King Wen sequence-Structure of the sequence-Given the mathematical constraints of these simple rules, the number of lines that change within pair partners will always be even (either 2, 4, or 6). Whereas the number of lines that change between pairs depends on how the pairs are arranged, and the King Wen Sequence has ... | large_corpus_distillation |
CDS predictors are faced with a more difficult problem because of the complex organization of eukaryotic genes. CDS prediction methods can be classified into three broad categories: Ab initio methods (also called statistical, intrinsic, or de novo). CDS prediction is based solely on the information that can be extracte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finitely generated abelian group-Examples-The integers, (Z,+) , are a finitely generated abelian group.\nThe integers modulo n , (Z/nZ,+) , are a finite (hence finitely generated) abelian group.\nAny direct sum of finitely many finitely generated abelian groups is again a finitely generated abelian group." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Low-rank matrix approximations-Nystr\u00f6m approximation-Proof Singular-value decomposition application Applying singular-value decomposition (SVD) to matrix A with dimensions p\u00d7m produces a singular system consisting of singular values {\u03c3j}j=1k,(\u03c3j>0\u2200j=1,\u2026,k), vectors {vj}j=1m\u2208Cm an... | large_corpus_distillation |
their passwords on paper. A more usable system could prevent this from happening. Users are more likely to oblige to authentication requests from systems that are important (e.g. online banking), as opposed to less important systems (e.g. a forum that the user visits infrequently) where these mechanisms might just be i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CJCSG-CJCSG-In cryptography, CJCSG is a stream cypher algorithm developed by Cees Jansen and Alexander Kolosha. It has been submitted to the eSTREAM Project of the eCRYPT network. It has been classified as an archival algorithm and will not be further considered." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reversi-Rules-Each of the disks' two sides corresponds to one player; they are referred to here as light and dark after the sides of Othello pieces, but any counters with distinctive faces are suitable. The game may for example be played with a chessboard and Scrabble pieces, with one player letters and the other back... | large_corpus_distillation |
"System identifier-Overview-Motivation XHTML was developed to make HTML more extensible and increase interoperability with other data formats. In addition, browsers were forgiving of errors in HTML, and most websites were displayed despite technical errors in the markup; XHTML introduced stricter error handling. HTML 4... | large_corpus_distillation |
into individual extent data reference items. Tree nodes, in turn, have back-references to their containing trees. This makes it possible to find which extents or tree nodes are in any region of space by doing a B-tree range lookup on a pair of offsets bracketing that region, then following the back-references. For relo... | large_corpus_distillation |
features. The package names were changed and some of the code and configuration was moved around." | large_corpus_distillation |
"H\u00f6lder's inequality-Remarks-Generalization for probability measures If (S, \u03a3, \u03bc) is a probability space, then p, q \u2208 [1, \u221e] just need to satisfy 1/p + 1/q \u2264 1, rather than being H\u00f6lder conjugates. A combination of H\u00f6lder's inequality and Jensen's inequality implies that \u2016fg... | large_corpus_distillation |
"General topology-A topology on a set-Cofinite and cocountable topologies Any set can be given the cofinite topology in which the open sets are the empty set and the sets whose complement is finite. This is the smallest T1 topology on any infinite set.\nAny set can be given the cocountable topology, in which a set is d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorization of polynomials-Modern methods-Factoring over finite fields Factoring univariate polynomials over the integers If f(x) is a univariate polynomial over the integers, assumed to be content-free and square-free, one starts by computing a bound B such that any factor g(x) has coefficients of absolute value... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GBK (character encoding)-Relationship to other encodings-The areas indicated in the previous section as GBK/1 and GBK/2, taken by themselves, is simply GB 2312-80 in its usual encoding, GBK/1 being the non-hanzi region and GBK/2 the hanzi region. GB 2312, or more properly the EUC-CN encoding thereof, takes a pair of b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enterprise social graph-Enterprise social graph-An enterprise social graph is a representation of the extended social network of a business, encompassing relationships among its employees, vendors, partners, customers, and the public. With the advent of Web 2.0 and Enterprise 2.0 technologies a company can monitor and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplicative order-Properties-Even without knowledge that we are working in the multiplicative group of integers modulo n, we can show that a actually has an order by noting that the powers of a can only take a finite number of different values modulo n, so according to the pigeonhole principle there must be two pow... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2\u20133 heap-(2,3)-heap-Insertion: In order to insert a new key, we merge the currently existing (2,3)-heap with a single node tree, T(0) labeled with this key.\nDecrease Key: To be done! " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Econometrics-Basic models: linear regression-A basic tool for econometrics is the multiple linear regression model. In modern econometrics, other statistical tools are frequently used, but linear regression is still the most frequently used starting point for an analysis. Estimating a linear regression on two variable... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boolean circuit-Formal definition-A common basis for Boolean circuits is the set {AND, OR, NOT}, which is functionally complete, i.\u2009e. from which all other Boolean functions can be constructed." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zappa\u2013Sz\u00e9p product-Examples-Let G = GL(n,C), the general linear group of invertible n \u00d7 n matrices over the complex numbers. For each matrix A in G, the QR decomposition asserts that there exists a unique unitary matrix Q and a unique upper triangular matrix R with positive real entries on the main diag... | large_corpus_distillation |
"204 (number)-In other fields-204 is the HTTP status code indicating the request was successfully fulfilled and that there is no additional content to send in the response payload body.\nIn a poker deck with a single wild joker, there are 204 hands that are at least as good as a straight flush.\nModel 204 is a database... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ResearcherID-ResearcherID-Researchers can use ResearcherID to claim their published works and link their unique and persistent ResearcherID number to these works for correct attribution. In this way, they can also keep their publication list up to date and online." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Translation lookaside buffer-Typical TLB-If a TLB hit takes 1 clock cycle, a miss takes 30 clock cycles, a memory read takes 30 clock cycles, and the miss rate is 1%, the effective memory cycle rate is an average of 30 0.99 0.01 30 (31.29 clock cycles per memory access)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin covering problem-Three-classes bin-filling algorithm-Csirik, Frenk, Lebbe and Zhang:\u200a19\u201324\u200a present another algorithm that attains a 3/4 approximation. The algorithm orders the items from large to small, and partitions them into three classes: X: The items with size at least 1/2; Y: The items with s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Denial-of-service attack-Defense techniques-Firewalls In the case of a simple attack, a firewall could have a simple rule added to deny all incoming traffic from the attackers, based on protocols, ports, or the originating IP addresses." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nuclear meltdown-Soviet Union\u2013designed reactors-The Chernobyl reactor was a RBMK type. The disaster was caused by a power excursion that led to a steam explosion, meltdown and extensive offsite consequences. Operator error and a faulty shutdown system led to a sudden, massive spike in the neutron multiplication r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Insertion sort-Best, worst, and average cases-3 7 4 9 5 2 6 1 3* 7 4 9 5 2 6 1 3 7* 4 9 5 2 6 1 3 4* 7 9 5 2 6 1 3 4 7 9* 5 2 6 1 3 4 5* 7 9 2 6 1 2* 3 4 5 7 9 6 1 2 3 4 5 6* 7 9 1 1* 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software maintainer-Software maintainer-In free and open source software and inner source software, a software maintainer or package maintainer is usually one or more people who build source code into a binary package for distribution, commit patches, or organize code in a source repository. If the maintainer stops do... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negative inversion-Basic examples-b. At no party would he do a keg stand. - Negative inversionWhen the phrase containing the negation appears in its canonical position to the right of the verb, standard subject-auxiliary word order obtains. When the phrase is fronted, as in the b-sentences, subject-auxiliary inversion... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Good and necessary consequence-Rules of inference-The following is an example of an argument using a hypothetical syllogism: If there had been a thunderstorm, it would have rained.\nIf it had rained, things would have gotten wet.\nThus, if there had been a thunderstorm, things would have gotten wet." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deterministic encryption-Leakage-Deterministic encryption can leak information to an eavesdropper, who may recognize known ciphertexts. For example, when an adversary learns that a given ciphertext corresponds to some interesting message, they can learn something every time that ciphertext is transmitted. To gain info... | large_corpus_distillation |
of type 1 objects in the sample. Note that is a counting variable, and thus\nlike all counting variables, can be written as a sum of indicator variables, in this case the type variables:\nn\nY =\u2211X (12.2.2)\ni\ni=1\nWe will assume initially that the sampling is without replacement, which is usually the realistic se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Car-spotting game-Other targets-One author suggests similar games with station wagons, convertibles, trucks and buses.A generic name for the game is car tag." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inference attack-Inference attack-Highly sensitive inferences can also be derived, for example, from eye tracking data, smart meter data and voice recordings (e.g., smart speaker voice commands)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational hardness assumption-Common cryptographic hardness assumptions-Discrete log problem (DLP) Given elements a and b from a group G , the discrete log problem asks for an integer k such that a=bk The discrete log problem is not known to be comparable to integer factorization, but their computational comp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"X86-Current implementations-Some Intel CPUs (Xeon Foster MP, some Pentium 4, and some Nehalem and later Intel Core processors) and AMD CPUs (starting from Zen) are also capable of simultaneous multithreading with two threads per core (Xeon Phi has four threads per core). Some Intel CPUs support transactional memory (T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Principal component analysis-Further considerations-The singular values (in \u03a3) are the square roots of the eigenvalues of the matrix XTX. Each eigenvalue is proportional to the portion of the \"variance\" (more correctly of the sum of the squared distances of the points from their multidimensional mean) that is a... | large_corpus_distillation |
makes two recursive calls, this only occurs when the first recursive call was into an empty subtree. This gives the same running time recurrence of T(m)=T(m/2)+O(1) as before." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advanced load address table-Software support-a free and open source simulator had been developed to simulate an Itanium processor on an existing computer.After the successful completion of Project Trillian, the resulting Linux kernel was used by all of the manufacturers of Itanium systems (HP, IBM, Dell, SGI, Fujitsu,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"T-schema-T-schema-As expressed in semi-natural language (where 'S' is the name of the sentence abbreviated to S): 'S' is true if and only if S.\nExample: 'snow is white' is true if and only if snow is white." | large_corpus_distillation |
"One-time pad-Perfect secrecy-Shannon proved, using information theoretic considerations, that the one-time pad has a property he termed perfect secrecy; that is, the ciphertext C gives absolutely no additional information about the plaintext. This is because (intuitively), given a truly uniformly random key that is us... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory-mapped I/O-Memory-mapped I/O-Memory-mapped I/O uses the same address space to address both main memory and I/O devices. The memory and registers of the I/O devices are mapped to (associated with) address values, so a memory address may refer to either a portion of physical RAM or to memory and registers of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Books on cryptography-List-Welsh, Dominic (1988). Codes and Cryptography, Oxford University Press, A brief textbook intended for undergraduates. Some coverage of fundamental information theory. Requires some mathematical maturity; is well written, and otherwise accessible." | large_corpus_distillation |
the empirical \u03d5-risk R\u02c6 defined by\n1I n,\u03d5\nn\n1\nR\u02c6\nn,\u03d5\n(f) = X\u03d5(\u2212Y\ni\nf(X\ni\n))\nn\ni=1\nIt is the empirical counterpart of the \u03d5-risk R defined by\n\u03d5\nR (f)= IE[\u03d5(\u2212Yf(X))].\n\u03d5\n1.3 \u03d5-risk minimization\nIn this section, we will derive therelation be... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vietnamese grammar-Word classes-Vietnamese lexical categories (or \"parts of speech\") consist of: nouns demonstrative noun modifiers articles classifiers numerals quantifiers the focus marker particle verbs adjectives adverbial particles prepositionsThe syntax of each lexical category and its associated phrase (i.e.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bomb (icon)-In computing-1 bomb: Reset, Initial PC2 2 bombs: Bus Error 3 bombs: Address Error 4 bombs: Illegal Instruction 5 bombs: Division by zero 6 bombs: CHK Instruction 7 bombs: TRAPV Instruction 8 bombs: Privilege Violation 9 bombs: Trace 10 bombs: Line 1010 Emulator 11 bombs: Line 1111 Emulator 12\u201313 bombs... | large_corpus_distillation |
x > y if and only if some relation x is directly following by y. In our example, we can consider that A > B, A > E, A > C." | large_corpus_distillation |
benefit. However, human neoantigens identified in other studies do not show the bias toward tetrapeptide signatures." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type system-Type checking-Certain languages, for example Clojure, Common Lisp, or Cython are dynamically type checked by default, but allow programs to opt into static type checking by providing optional annotations. One reason to use such hints would be to optimize the performance of critical sections of a program. T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Existential clause-Sources-Everaert, M., H. van Riemsdijk and R. Goedemans (eds.) 2006. The Blackwell Companion to Syntax. London: Blackwell, London. [See \"Existential sentences and expletive there\" in Volume II.] Graffi, G. 2001. 200 Years of Syntax: A critical survey. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.\nMilsark, G. L. 197... | large_corpus_distillation |
via a combination of guided fuzzing and symbolic execution -- i.e., an AFL-based fuzzer combined with the angr binary analysis framework, leveraging a QEMU-based emulation and execution-tracing system." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Key signature-Use outside of the Western common-practice period-Unusual signatures The 15 key signatures that form diatonic scales are sometimes called standard key signatures. Other scales are written either with a standard key signature and use accidentals as required, or with a nonstandard key signature. Examples o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ultrafilter-Ultrafilter on a Boolean algebra-An important special case of the concept occurs if the considered poset is a Boolean algebra. In this case, ultrafilters are characterized by containing, for each element a of the Boolean algebra, exactly one of the elements a and \u00aca (the latter being the Boolean co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binomial regression-Comparison with binary choice models-The person takes the action, yn = 1, if Un > 0. The unobserved term, \u03b5n, is assumed to have a logistic distribution." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol-Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol-The HWMP protocol is hybrid, because it consists of a proactive tree-based hierarchical routing protocol, and an on-demand logic, based on the Ad-hoc On Demand Vector protocol (AODV). In contradiction with classic IP based (ISO level 3) routing, the HWMP prot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cup product-Properties-The cup product operation in cohomology satisfies the identity \u03b1p\u2323\u03b2q=(\u22121)pq(\u03b2q\u2323\u03b1p) so that the corresponding multiplication is graded-commutative.\nThe cup product is functorial, in the following sense: if f:X\u2192Y is a continuous function, and f\u2217:H\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filter (set theory)-Set theoretic properties and constructions-If S\u2286Y and if In :S\u2192Y denotes the inclusion map then the trace of on S is equal to In \u22121\u2061(B).\nThis observation allows the results in this subsection to be applied to investigating the trace on a set.\nBijections, injections, and s... | large_corpus_distillation |
raw media (ISO) version of software is critical as this will be needed (often in an emergency) should the packaged version no longer deploy e.g. following the upgrade or replacement of the operating platform." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional entropy-Generalization to quantum theory-In quantum information theory, the conditional entropy is generalized to the conditional quantum entropy. The latter can take negative values, unlike its classical counterpart." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kullback\u2013Leibler divergence-Relation to other quantities of information theory-When applied to a discrete random variable, the self-information can be represented as KL im \u2225{pi}), is the relative entropy of the probability distribution P(i) from a Kronecker delta representing certainty that i=m \u2014 i.e.... | large_corpus_distillation |
abelian group on the classes of these objects: K0(X)\u2245Z{E1,\u2026,Em}." | large_corpus_distillation |
i.e. f4(s)=0 for s<3 if s\u22656 the goal is attained, i.e. f4(s)=1 for s\u22656 if 3\u2264s\u22645 the gambler should bet enough to attain the goal, i.e. 0.4 for 3\u2264s\u22645 .For t<4 the functional equation is max 0.4 0.6 ft+1(s\u2212b)} , where bt(s) ranges in 0,...,s ; the aim is to find f1(2) Given... | large_corpus_distillation |
that zayb+q = (mx)a(gx)b+q.Alice can cheat at step 2 by attempting to randomly guess s2.\nDisavowal protocol Alice wishes to convince Bob that z is not a valid signature of m under the key, gx; i.e., z \u2260 mx. Alice and Bob have agreed an integer, k, which sets the computational burden on Alice and the likelihood th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Browser Usage-Release-The report was covered by many news outlets. Initially the discrepancy was explained by that the advanced computer users with high IQs were savvy enough to choose other browsers.When the report was first covered by the BBC some readers were skeptical of its authenti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximin share-MMS-fair allocation of chores-Kulkarni, Mehta and Taki study MMS-fair allocation with mixed valuations, i.e., when there are both goods and chores. They prove that: No multiplicative approximation is possible. They extend the example of Procaccia and Wang by adding three chores with a value of -4,054,999... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partition problem-Partition problem-In multiway number partitioning, there is an integer parameter k, and the goal is to decide whether S can be partitioned into k subsets of equal sum (the partition problem is the special case in which k = 2).\nHowever, it is quite different than the 3-partition problem: in that prob... | large_corpus_distillation |
"English terms with diacritical marks-Regional differences-New Zealand In New Zealand, loanwords of M\u0101ori origin typically include the macron that is used in current written M\u0101ori to indicate vowel length. This practice has become increasingly widespread since 2000, with both of the main newspaper chains adop... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ITRANS-New version-The ambiguity around Dravidian short-vowels 'e' and 'o' support has been addressed with a new ISO15919 compliant coding scheme, which is uniform across all supported languages/scripts, including nukta. The old version ITRANS 5.3 is maintained for backward compatibility.\nThe changed ones are listed ... | large_corpus_distillation |
the probabilities (assuming the typical MIT grade distribution in Table 5.3) are p(P)=p(A)+p(B)+p(C)=0.875 , and\np(N)=p(D)+p(F)=0.125. The information per symbol is therefore not 1 bit but only 0.875 \u00d7 log 2 (1/0.875) + 0.125 \u00d7\nlog 2 (1/0.125) = 0.544 bits. Huffman coding on single symbols does not help. We... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coin grading-Coin grading-Coin grading is the process of determining the grade or condition of a coin, one of the key factors in determining its collectible value. A coin's grade is generally determined by six criteria: strike, preservation, luster, color, attractiveness, and occasionally the country/state in which it... | large_corpus_distillation |
"History of general-purpose CPUs-1990 to today: Looking forward-Multi-threading Current designs work best when the computer is running only one program. However, nearly all modern operating systems allow running multiple programs together. For the CPU to change over and do work on another program needs costly context s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data independence-Second Level of Data Independence-The physical structure of the data is referred to as \"physical data description\". Physical data independence deals with hiding the details of the storage structure from user applications. The application should not be involved with these issues since, conceptually,... | large_corpus_distillation |
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