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"Linear grammar-Expressive power-All regular languages are linear; conversely, an example of a linear, non-regular language is { anbn }. as explained above.\nAll linear languages are context-free; conversely, an example of a context-free, non-linear language is the Dyck language of well-balanced bracket pairs.\nHence, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix decoder-Matrix H (4:2:4)-j = 20\u00b0 phase-shift k = 25\u00b0 phase-shift l = 55\u00b0 phase-shift m = 115\u00b0 phase-shift " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Turing's proof-Summary of the proofs-But it never makes it to the 13th figure; K-aka-H eventually arrives at 4355...3215, again, and K-aka-H must repeat the test. K-aka-H will never reach the 13th figure. The H-machine probably just prints copies of itself ad infinitum across blank tape. But this contradicts the premi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Amazon Web Services-Amazon Web Services-Amazon Web Services, Inc. (AWS) is a subsidiary of Amazon that provides on-demand cloud computing platforms and APIs to individuals, companies, and governments, on a metered, pay-as-you-go basis. Oftentimes, clients will use this in combination with autoscaling (a process that a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat's theorem on sums of two squares-Gaussian primes-Gaussian integers form a principal ideal domain. This implies that Gaussian primes can be defined similarly as primes numbers, that is as those Gaussian integers that are not the product of two non-units (here the units are 1, \u22121, i and \u2212i). The multip... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sum of two squares theorem-Sum of two squares theorem-An integer greater than one can be written as a sum of two squares if and only if its prime decomposition contains no factor pk, where prime mod 4) and k is odd.In writing a number as a sum of two squares, it is allowed for one of the squares to be zero, or for bo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rectangle-Characterizations-A convex quadrilateral is a rectangle if and only if it is any one of the following: a parallelogram with at least one right angle a parallelogram with diagonals of equal length a parallelogram ABCD where triangles ABD and DCA are congruent an equiangular quadrilateral a quadrilateral with ... | large_corpus_distillation |
on graph connectivity, to the existence of a CE. With this condition, a CE always exists, but finding it is PPAD-hard.:\u200aThm.5 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Barker code-Historical Background-During and after WWII digital technology became a key subject for research e.g. for radar, missile and gun fire control and encryption. In the 1950s scientists were trying various methods around the world to reduce errors in transmissions using code and to synchronise the received dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Naive Bayes spam filtering-Discussion-Words that normally appear in large quantities in spam may also be transformed by spammers. For example, \u00abViagra\u00bb would be replaced with \u00abViaagra\u00bb or \u00abV!agra\u00bb in the spam message. The recipient of the message can still read the changed words, but each... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Resource Description Framework-Applications-Smart-M3 \u2013 provides an infrastructure for using RDF and specifically uses the ontology agnostic nature of RDF to enable heterogeneous mashing-up of information LV2 - a libre plugin format using Turtle to describe API/ABI capabilities and properties Some uses of RDF incl... | large_corpus_distillation |
Fisher 2012: Jens Palsberg 2011: Kathryn S. McKinley 2010: Jack W. Davidson 2009: Mamdouh Ibrahim 2008: Michael Burke 2007: Linda M. Northrop 2006: Hans Boehm 2005: no award made 2004: Ron Cytron 2003: Mary Lou Soffa 2002: Andrew Appel 2001: Barbara G. Ryder 2000: David Wise 1999: Loren Meissner 1998: Brent Hailpern 19... | large_corpus_distillation |
work done by the entire algorithm is the sum of the work performed by all the nodes in the tree. The runtime of an algorithm such as the p above on an input of size n, usually denoted T(n) , can be expressed by the recurrence relation T(n)=aT(nb)+f(n), where f(n) is the time to create the subproblems and combine the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MinHash-Incorporating weights-log \u2061(h(i))xi This yields as its collision probability the probability Jaccard index max (xjxi,yjyi) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tree structure-Terminology and properties-A node that is connected to all lower-level nodes is called an \"ancestor\". The connected lower-level nodes are \"descendants\" of the ancestor node.In the example, \"encyclopedia\" is the parent of \"science\" and \"culture\", its children. \"Art\" and \"craft\" are siblings... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lp space-The p-norm in infinite dimensions and \u2113p spaces-The space \u2113p is then defined as the set of all infinite sequences of real (or complex) numbers such that the p -norm is finite.\nOne can check that as p increases, the set \u2113p grows larger. For example, the sequence is not in \u21131, but it i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open-source architecture-Standards-An important aspect of open-source architecture is the emergence of open standards of collaboration. The establishment of common, open, modular standards (such as the grid proposed by the OpenStructures project addresses the problem of hardware compatibility and the interface between... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DX number-DX film canister barcode-To generate digits 2 through 5, the combination code is multiplied by 16 and added to the specifier number. The result is prefixed with zeroes to make four digits. For the Agfa film 115-4 above, the digits would be 1844 (16 \u00d7 115 + 4).\nDigit 1 is any digit from 0 to 9 and is as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Evaluation of binary classifiers-Contingency table-Note that the rows correspond to the condition actually being positive or negative (or classified as such by the gold standard), as indicated by the color-coding, and the associated statistics are prevalence-independent, while the columns correspond to the test being ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Art of Computer Programming-Chapter outlines-Completed Volume 1 \u2013 Fundamental Algorithms Chapter 1 \u2013 Basic concepts 1.1. Algorithms 1.2. Mathematical Preliminaries 1.2.1. Mathematical Induction 1.2.2. Numbers, Powers, and Logarithms 1.2.3. Sums and Products 1.2.4. Integer Functions and Elementary Number ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Learning to rank-Applications-Training data consists of queries and documents matching them together with the relevance degree of each match. It may be prepared manually by human assessors (or raters, as Google calls them), who check results for some queries and determine relevance of each result. It is not feasible t... | large_corpus_distillation |
two (related) observations.\nThe votes {\u03b1\u02c6 } generated by the boosting algorithm won\u2019t sum to one. We will therefore\nj\nrenormalize ensemble\n\u02c6 \u02c6\n\u03b1\u02c6 h(x; \u03b8 )+ ... \u03b1\u02c6 h(x; \u03b8 )\n\u02dc 1 1 m m\nh (x) = (20)\nm\n\u03b1\u02c6 + ... +\u03b1\u02c6\n1 m\nCite as: Tommi ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IT Manager: Duels-Gameplay-Strategic planning and tactical timing are required to ensure that a virtual company's systems and practices can meet its business needs and cope with the events that opponents throw at each other, from denial-of-service attacks to crises such as flooding data-centres that threaten business ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dirichlet-multinomial distribution-Likelihood function-In this case, all variables dependent on a given prior are tied together (i.e. correlated) in a group, as before \u2014 specifically, all words belonging to a given topic are linked. In this case, however, the group membership shifts, in that the words are not fix... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cluster labeling-Differential cluster labeling-Chi-Squared Selection The Pearson's chi-squared test can be used to calculate the probability that the occurrence of an event matches the initial expectations. In particular, it can be used to determine whether two events, A and B, are statistically independent. The value... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divisor function-Properties-Formulas at prime powers For a prime number p, \u03c30(p)=2\u03c30(pn)=n+1\u03c31(p)=p+1 because by definition, the factors of a prime number are 1 and itself. Also, where pn# denotes the primorial, \u03c30(pn#)=2n since n prime factors allow a sequence of binary selection ( pi or 1) from n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4-Mathematics-Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being 1 and 2. Four is the sum and product of two with itself: 2+2=4=2\u00d72 , the only number b such that a+a=b=a\u00d7a , which also makes four the smallest and only even squared prime number 22 and hence the first squared prime of the for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Attribute\u2013value system-Other terms used for \"attribute\u2013value system\"-Attribute\u2013value systems are pervasive throughout many different literatures, and have been discussed under many different names: Flat data Spreadsheet Attribute\u2013value system (Ziarko & Shan 1996) Information system (Pawlak 1981) ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Channel coordination-Characteristics of coordination schemes-The relation can be temporary or permanent. In the temporary case usually one- or two-period models are applied, or even an auction mechanism. However, the coordination is even more important in permanent relations, where the planning is usually done in a ro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Breakpoint-Implementations-Hardware Many processors include hardware support for breakpoints (typically instruction and data breakpoints). As an example, the x86 instruction set architecture provides hardware support for breakpoints with its x86 debug registers. Such hardware may include limitations, for example not a... | large_corpus_distillation |
the instrumental condition, they did not copy the unnecessary step. The study suggests that children discern when to imitate, viewing convention as a salient reason for copying behaviour in order to fit in with the convention. Taking cues for proper behaviour from the actions of others, rather than using independent ju... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multivariate normal distribution-Properties-Marginal distributions To obtain the marginal distribution over a subset of multivariate normal random variables, one only needs to drop the irrelevant variables (the variables that one wants to marginalize out) from the mean vector and the covariance matrix. The proof for t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multimodal interaction-Introduction-The pervasive use of mobile devices, sensors and web technologies can offer adequate computational resources to manage the complexity implied by the multimodal interaction. \"Using cloud for involving shared computational resources in managing the complexity of multimodal interactio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal hashing-Introduction-(Similarly, a universal family can be XOR universal if \u2200x,y\u2208U,x\u2260y , the value mod m is uniformly distributed in [m] where \u2295 is the bitwise exclusive or operation. This is only possible if m is a power of two.) An even stronger condition is pairwise independence: ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P-group-Classification-There are three abelian groups of order p3, namely Cp3, Cp2 \u00d7 Cp, and Cp \u00d7 Cp \u00d7 Cp. There are also two non-abelian groups.\nFor p \u2260 2, one is a semi-direct product of Cp \u00d7 Cp with Cp, and the other is a semi-direct product of Cp2 with Cp. The first one can be described i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TestDaF-Examination-All the topics and tasks in the test are set within the general context of higher education. They are intended for candidates of all disciplines and academic backgrounds.The examination consists of 4 parts: The examination as a whole lasts for 3 hours 10 minutes, not including the breaks. The first... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the limited or ordered input space. A common example is the use of a standard fast hash function to obscure user passwords in storage. If an attacker can obtain the hashes of a set of passwords, they can test each hash value against lists of common passwords and all possible combinations of short passwords and typic... | large_corpus_distillation |
paper by Singh. A fixed public polynomial, a(x), shared by all users of the network. It is deterministically generated from a cryptographically secure source." | large_corpus_distillation |
r, so we should ask what value of r provides the tightest bound for any given a.\nSince \u03b3 X \u2032\u2032(r)>0, the tightest bound arises either at that r for which \u03b3\u2032(r)=a or at one of the end points, r \u2212 or r +, of I(X). This\nminimum value is denoted by\n\u03bc (a)=inf [\u03b3 (r)\u2212ra]\nX r X\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrete uniform distribution-Discrete uniform distribution-A simple example of the discrete uniform distribution is throwing a fair die. The possible values are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and each time the die is thrown the probability of a given score is 1/6. If two dice are thrown and their values added, the resulting distr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paillier cryptosystem-Algorithm-For example, by binomial theorem, higher powers of n This indicates that: mod n2) Therefore, if: mod n2 then mod n) .Thus: mod mod n) where function L is defined as L(u)=u\u22121n (quotient of integer division) and x\u2208Zn Semantic security The original cryptosystem as shown above... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Usability of web authentication systems-Usability and web applications-The preferred web authentication system for web applications is the password, despite its poor usability and several security concerns. This widely used system usually contains mechanisms that were intended to increase security (e.g. requiring user... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MINRES-Properties of the MINRES method-The MINRES method iteratively calculates an approximate solution of a linear system of equations of the form where A\u2208Rn\u00d7n is a symmetric matrix and b\u2208Rn a vector." | large_corpus_distillation |
maximum or absolute minimum over I. For example, consider the functions shown in Figure 4.3.2 (d),\n(e), and (f). All three of these functions are defined over bounded intervals. However, the function in graph (e) is the only one that\nhas both an absolute maximum and an absolute minimum over its domain. The extreme va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block size (cryptography)-Block size (cryptography)-Until the announcement of NIST's AES contest, the majority of block ciphers followed the example of the DES in using a block size of 64 bits (8 bytes). However, the birthday paradox tells us that after accumulating a number of blocks equal to the square root of the t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Animacy-Examples-Sinhala In spoken Sinhala, there are two existential/possessive verbs: \u0dc4\u0dd2\u0da7\u0dd2\u0db1\u0dc0\u0dcf hi\u0163inaw\u0101 / \u0d89\u0db1\u0dca\u0db1\u0dc0\u0dcf innaw\u0101 are used only for animate nouns (humans and animals), and \u0dad\u0dd2\u0dba\u0dd9\u0db1\u0dc0\u0dcf tiyenaw\u0101 for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear extension-Related results-The order extension principle is constructively provable for finite sets using topological sorting algorithms, where the partial order is represented by a directed acyclic graph with the set's elements as its vertices. Several algorithms can find an extension in linear time. Despite th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SSS*-Algorithm-There is a priority queue OPEN that stores states (J,s,h) or the nodes, where J - node identificator (Dot-decimal notation is used to identify nodes, \u03f5 is a root), s\u2208{L,S} - state of the node J (L - the node is live, which means it's not solved yet and S - the node is solved), h\u2208(\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Testing effect-Retrieval practice-Test benefits A list of benefits of retrieval practice." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponentiation by squaring-2k-ary method-Algorithm: Input An element x of G, a parameter k > 0, a non-negative integer n = (nl\u22121, nl\u22122, ..., n0)2k and the precomputed values x3,x5,...,x2k\u22121 .Output The element xn in Gy := 1; i := l - 1 while i \u2265 0 do (s, u) := f(ni) for j := 1 to k - s do y := y2 ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Make (software)-Behavior-Make decides whether a target needs to be regenerated by comparing file modification times. This solves the problem of avoiding the building of files which are already up to date, but it fails when a file changes but its modification time stays in the past. Such changes could be caused by rest... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hash consing-Hash consing-In computer science, particularly in functional programming, hash consing is a technique used to share values that are structurally equal. When a value is constructed, such as a cons cell, the technique checks if such a value has been constructed before, and if so reuses the previous value, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
application\nof the formulas above can determine the refined probabilities of what he ordered, along with the expected calorie count and cost.\nThis page titled 8.1.3: Berger's Burgers is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Paul Penfield,\nJr. (MIT OpenCourseWare) via sou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponential distribution-Related distributions-Further if Y\u223c\u0393(\u03b1,\u03b2\u03b1) then XY\u223cK\u2061(\u03b1,\u03b2) (K-distribution) If also \u03bb = 1/2 then X \u223c \u03c722; i.e., X has a chi-squared distribution with 2 degrees of freedom. Hence: If Exp \u2061(1\u03bb) and Y\u2223X ~ Poisson(X) t... | large_corpus_distillation |
had 'Gregory Walker' or a Curranta played in the new Proportions by them lately found out, called 'Sesquiblinda' and 'Sesquihearkenafter'.\" Plaine and Easie Introduction to Practicall Musicke (1597) In general though, a slash or the numeral 2 shows a doubling of tempo, and paired numbers (either side by side or one at... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Diabetes management-Monitoring-m-health monitoring applications The widespread use of smartphones has turned mobile applications (apps) into a popular means of the usage of all forms of software. As a consequence, the use of mobile apps in managing people's health and supporting their chronic conditions is receiving p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Killer feature-Killer feature-A killer application (often shortened to killer app) is any software that is so necessary or desirable that it proves the core value of some larger technology, such as its host computer hardware, video game console, software platform, or operating system. Consumers would buy the host plat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Episode (video game)-Gameplay and content creation-The game is structured as a visual novel, with many stories to choose from. Players customize their character, choosing their hair, makeup, and facial features. As the player progresses through the story, they are given action and dialogue choices that can influence t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ring (mathematics)-Category-theoretic description-Any ring can be seen as a preadditive category with a single object. It is therefore natural to consider arbitrary preadditive categories to be generalizations of rings. And indeed, many definitions and theorems originally given for rings can be translated to this more... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Resource-dependent branching process-Definition-The wf-policy is the rule to serve in each generation, as long as the accumulated resource space allows for it, with priority always the individuals with the smallest individual claims. The sf-policy is the rule to serve in each generation always with priority the larges... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Singular value decomposition-Applications of the SVD-Other examples The SVD is also applied extensively to the study of linear inverse problems and is useful in the analysis of regularization methods such as that of Tikhonov. It is widely used in statistics, where it is related to principal component analysis and to c... | large_corpus_distillation |
to view independent Poisson processes either independently or as a\nsplitting of a combined process is a powerful technique for finding almost trivial solutions to many problems.\nIt was next shown that a non-homogeneous Poisson process could be viewed as a (homogeneous) Poisson process on a non-linear\ntime scale. Thi... | large_corpus_distillation |
a qualitative and a locational predicate, but projecting these two predicates yields conflicting predictions, namely, whether emeralds examined after time t shall appear grue or green, we should project the qualitative predicate, in this case green." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ptrace-Uses-ptrace is used by debuggers (such as gdb and dbx), by tracing tools like strace and ltrace, and by code coverage tools. ptrace is also used by specialized programs to patch running programs, to avoid unfixed bugs or to overcome security features. It can further be used as a sandbox and as a run-time enviro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"1\n3. The proportion of yellow M&M is greater than .\n6\nAnswer\n\u00b11.645 H\n1. Test statistic 0.162, critical values . Fail to reject 0.\n\u22124.117 \u22121.282 H\n2. Test statistic , critical value . Reject 0.\nH\n3. Test statistic 8.266, critical value 1.282. Reject 0.\nThe Sign Test\nDerivation\nU U\nSuppose n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clausen's formula-Clausen's formula-In mathematics, Clausen's formula, found by Thomas Clausen (1828), expresses the square of a Gaussian hypergeometric series as a generalized hypergeometric series. It states 2F1[aba+b+1/2;x]2=3F2[2a2ba+ba+b+1/22a+2b;x] In particular it gives conditions for a hypergeometric series to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NM-method-Solution-For Y , and Z matrices of size n\u00d7m (n\u22652 , m\u22652 ), the solution is obtained by dichotomizing their ordered row variable and ordered column variable in all possible meaningful ways before solving (n\u22121)(m\u22121) number of problems of 2\u00d72 form. Each problem is defined for a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer relation algorithm-Applications-A notable success of this approach was the use of the PSLQ algorithm to find the integer relation that led to the Bailey\u2013Borwein\u2013Plouffe formula for the value of \u03c0. PSLQ has also helped find new identities involving multiple zeta functions and their appearance in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiple single-level-Philosophical aspects, ease of use, flexibility-In a classical trusted systems-theoretic sense\u2014relying upon terminology and concepts taken from the Orange Book, the foundation of trusted computing\u2014a system that supports MSL peers could not achieve a level of assurance beyond (B1). This ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instruction scheduling-Algorithms-To arrive at a good schedule, stalls should be prevented. This is determined by the choice of the next instruction to be scheduled. A number of heuristics are in common use: The processor resources used by the already scheduled instructions are recorded. If a candidate uses a resource... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MusicBrainz Picard-MusicBrainz Picard-Picard identifies audio files and compact discs by comparing either their metadata or their acoustic fingerprints with records in the database. Audio file metadata (or \"tags\") are a means for storing information about a recording in the file. When Picard identifies an audio file... | large_corpus_distillation |
pool enables some parts of the execution to be deferred from the database server (e.g. tuple insertion and deletion, DDL statements), thus lowering the database server load.\nSince the connection broker is not bound to the same machine as the database server, CUBRID can take advantage of the hardware resources of sever... | large_corpus_distillation |
functions add %b binary conversion specifier to printf() function family, prepending non-zero values with 0b, similar to how %x works. Implementations that previously didn't use %B as their own extension are encouraged to implement and prepend non-zero values with 0B, similar to how %X works.\nadd %b binary conversion ... | large_corpus_distillation |
but is not in general closed under taking complements." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Guard (computer science)-Flatter code with less nesting-The guard provides an early exit from a subroutine, and is a commonly used deviation from structured programming, removing one level of nesting and resulting in flatter code: replacing if guard { ... } with if not guard: return; ....\nUsing guard clauses can be a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vocabulary-Vocabulary in an individual-Depth of knowledge The differing degrees of word knowledge imply a greater depth of knowledge, but the process is more complex than that. There are many facets to knowing a word, some of which are not hierarchical so their acquisition does not necessarily follow a linear progress... | large_corpus_distillation |
protocols reside in the data link or transport layers (layers 2 and 4) of the OSI model." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Savitzky\u2013Golay filter-Derivation of convolution coefficients-Weighting the data It is implicit in the above treatment that the data points are all given equal weight. Technically, the objective function U=\u2211iwi(Yi\u2212yi)2 being minimized in the least-squares process has unit weights, wi = 1. When weights a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Early stopping-Background-This smoothness may be enforced explicitly, by fixing the number of parameters in the model, or by augmenting the cost function as in Tikhonov regularization. Tikhonov regularization, along with principal component regression and many other regularization schemes, fall under the umbrella of s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexical functional grammar-Lexical functional grammar-Lexical functional grammar (LFG) is a constraint-based grammar framework in theoretical linguistics. It posits two separate levels of syntactic structure, a phrase structure grammar representation of word order and constituency, and a representation of grammatical ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Computer requirements-Apple products have worked with Bluetooth since Mac OS X v10.2, which was released in 2002.Linux has two popular Bluetooth stacks, BlueZ and Fluoride. The BlueZ stack is included with most Linux kernels and was originally developed by Qualcomm. Fluoride, earlier known as Bluedroid is in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Content similarity detection-Software-assisted plagiarism detection-Intrinsic plagiarism detection using stylometry can overcome the boundaries of textual similarity to some extent by comparing linguistic similarity. Given that the stylistic differences between plagiarized and original segments are significant and can... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Named data networking-Names-reducing the need for secondary notation (record-keeping to map application configuration to network configuration).\nexpanding the range of abstractions available to the developers.\nnamed based content requests also introduces the concerns on privacy leakage. Thanks to separation of names... | large_corpus_distillation |
"JavaScript-Security-Incorrectly granting privileges to JavaScript from the Web has played a role in vulnerabilities in both Internet Explorer and Firefox. In Windows XP Service Pack 2, Microsoft demoted JScript's privileges in Internet Explorer.Microsoft Windows allows JavaScript source files on a computer's hard driv... | large_corpus_distillation |
they incorrectly assume that the font cannot be resized. Setting the DEVICE_FONTTYPE flag to false in such situations prevents the applications from going wrong, and that is what this compatibility bitflag does." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Printer's key-Examples-When the publisher outsources the printing to a contractor, a code identifying the contracting printer may occasionally be shown: The hypothetical printer's key above means third printing printed in 1996 contracted to Acme Printing Corporation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropy (information theory)-Characterization-Symmetry: Hn(p1,\u2026,pn) is invariant under permutation of p1,\u2026,pn Small for small probabilities: lim q\u21920+H2(1\u2212q,q)=0 .It was shown that any function H satisfying the above properties must be a constant multiple of Shannon entropy, with a non-negative ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and camera server manually.\nAbility to downgrade applications directly, without uninstallation which involves deleting their user data. A downgrade may be desirable after an update breached compatibility and/or removed useful functionality." | large_corpus_distillation |
"K shortest path routing-Variations-Loopy variant In this variant, the problem is simplified by not requiring paths to be loopless. A solution was given by B. L. Fox in 1975 in which the k-shortest paths are determined in O(m + kn log n) asymptotic time complexity (using big O notation. In 1998, David Eppstein reported... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hosmer\u2013Lemeshow test-Introduction-There are Q = 10 groups in the caffeine example, giving 10 \u2013 2 = 8 degrees of freedom. The p-value for a chi-squared statistic of 17.103 with df = 8 is p = 0.029. The p-value is below alpha = 0.05, so the null hypothesis that the observed and expected proportions are the sam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latin syntax-Latin tenses-Latin has six main tenses in the indicative mood, which are illustrated below using the verb facere 'to make' or 'to do': Present : faci\u014d : 'I do', 'I am doing' Future : faciam (2nd person faci\u0113s): 'I will do', 'I will be doing' Imperfect : faci\u0113bam : 'I was doing', 'I used to ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pocklington primality test-Generalized Pocklington test-For p=2 , try a2=2 Raising a2 to this high power can be done efficiently using binary exponentiation: 27456 mod 27457 ) gcd gcd 13728 27457 27457 .So, a2=2 satisfies (6) but not (7). As we are allowed a different ap for each p, try a2=5 instead: 27456 mod 27... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Printf format string-Printf format string-\"printf\" is the name of one of the main C output functions, and stands for \"print formatted\". printf format strings are complementary to scanf format strings, which provide formatted input (lexing aka. parsing). In both cases these provide simple functionality and fixed fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tabu search-Example: the traveling salesman problem-The traveling salesman problem (TSP) is sometimes used to show the functionality of tabu search. This problem poses a straightforward question: given a list of cities, what is the shortest route that visits every city? For example, if city A and city B are next to ea... | large_corpus_distillation |
x\u2aafy x\u2260y\n2. if and only if and .\nx\u227by y\u227ax\n3. if and only if .\nx\u22a5y x\u2aafy y\u2aafx\n4. if and only if or .\nx\u2225y x\u2aafy y\u2aafx\n5. if and only if neither nor .\n\u2ab0 \u2aaf \u227b \u227a x\u2aafy x\u227ay x=y \u227a\nNote that is the inverse of , and is the inverse of . Note also t... | large_corpus_distillation |
showed a decrease of safety risk up to 42% due to timely alert of the driver or an automatic adjustment of speed, and that over 90% of accidents involve driver behaviour as a contributing factor. The data included assessment of risk in different positions on the road relative to intersections and visibility." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median of medians-Median of medians-Median of medians can also be used as a pivot strategy in quicksort, yielding an optimal algorithm, with worst-case complexity log \u2061n) . Although this approach optimizes the asymptotic worst-case complexity quite well, it is typically outperformed in practice by instead choosi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P-group generation algorithm-Numbers of immediate descendants-The group 81 12 \u27e9 of coclass 2 has ranks \u03bd=2 , \u03bc=7 and descendant numbers 10 100 50 ) , 110 The group 243 37 \u27e9 of coclass 3 has ranks \u03bd=5 , \u03bc=9 and descendant numbers 35 2783 186 81711 10202 350652 202266 ;\u2026) , ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Queueing theory-Queueing networks-Routing algorithms In discrete-time networks where there is a constraint on which service nodes can be active at any time, the max-weight scheduling algorithm chooses a service policy to give optimal throughput in the case that each job visits only a single-person service node. In the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Annotation-Literature, grammar and educational purposes-Text and Film Annotation Text and Film Annotation is a technique that involves using comments, text within a film. Analyzing videos is an undertaking that is never entirely free of preconceived notions, and the first step for researchers is to find their bearings... | large_corpus_distillation |
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