text stringlengths 5 1.02k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
"Envy-graph procedure-Assumptions-The envy-graph procedure assumes that each person has a cardinal utility function on bundles of items. This utility function has to be monotone (the utility of a set is at least as large as the utility of its subsets). However, it does not have to be additive. I.e, the items are not as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Back-up collision-Statistics-According to research by the advocacy web site kidsandcars.org, back up collisions were the leading cause (34%) for U.S. non-traffic fatalities of children under 15 from 2006\u20132010.The U.S. Center for Disease Control reported that from 2001\u20132003, an estimated 7,475 children (CI = ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4 \u2022 Exercises 393\nFitting Linear Models to Data\n34. Draw a scatter plot for the 35. Draw a scatter plot for the 36. Eight students were asked\ndata inTable 2. Then data inTable 3. If we to estimate their score on a\ndetermine whether the wanted to know when the 10-point quiz. Their\ndata appears to be linearly ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Abnormal end-Application crashes-Crash to desktop A \"crash to desktop\" is said to occur when a program (commonly a video game) unexpectedly quits, abruptly taking the user back to the desktop. Usually, the term is applied only to crashes where no error is displayed, hence all the user sees as a result of the crash i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid parity problem-Applications-Connected domination A connected dominating set in a graph is a subset of vertices whose induced subgraph is connected, adjacent to all other vertices.\nIt is NP-hard to find the smallest connected dominating set in arbitrary graphs, but can be found in polynomial time for graphs of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wick product-Definition-Assume that X1, ..., Xk are random variables with finite moments. The Wick product \u27e8X1,\u2026,Xk\u27e9 is a sort of product defined recursively as follows: \u27e8\u27e9=1 (i.e. the empty product\u2014the product of no random variables at all\u2014is 1). For k \u2265 1, we impose the requir... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Skew normal distribution-Skew normal distribution-In probability theory and statistics, the skew normal distribution is a continuous probability distribution that generalises the normal distribution to allow for non-zero skewness." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Keysigning-Keysigning-A more correct term would be certificate signing, since the actual key material is not changed by the process of signing. However, in the PGP community it is customary not to distinguish in speaking between someone's key and certificate, and the term keysigning is used. (The term PGP refers here ... | large_corpus_distillation |
and there is a family of input lists L for which FF(L) matches this bound." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Map matching-Examples and use cases-Uses for map-matching algorithms range from the immediate and practical, such as applications designed for guiding travellers, to the analytical, such as generating detailed inputs for traffic analysis models and the like." | large_corpus_distillation |
\u03bb(n) be Carmichael's function. Then \u03bb(n)\u2223\u03d5(n).\nFurther, if and only if 11 (that is, , where is an odd prime) 10 14 18 (that is, , where is an odd prime) .\nSee Multiplicative group of integers modulo n and Primitive root modulo n.\n2\u03c9(n)\u2264d(n)\u22642\u03a9(n).\n1.\ngcd gcd gcd (q,n)\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Blocknots-Analysis-Johannes Marquart was a mathematician and cryptanalyst who initially worked for Inspectorate 7/VI and later led Referat Ia of Group IV of the General der Nachrichtenaufkl\u00e4rung. Marquart was assigned the study of the Soviet Union Blocknot traffic. Marquart and his unit conducted extensive resear... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PP (complexity)-PP compared to other complexity classes-A polynomial time Turing machine with a PP oracle (PPP) can solve all problems in PH, the entire polynomial hierarchy. This result was shown by Seinosuke Toda in 1989 and is known as Toda's theorem. This is evidence of how hard it is to solve problems in PP. The ... | large_corpus_distillation |
place with an arrow.\nUnderline the digit to the right of the given place value.\nBecause 7 is greater than or equal to 5, add 1 to the 3.\nRewrite the number, deleting all digits to the right of the rounding digit.\nNotice that the deleted digits were NOT replaced with zeros. So, 18.379 rounded to the nearest tenth is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Writhe-Numerically approximating the Gauss integral for writhe of a curve in space-Finally, we compensate for the possible sign difference and divide by 4\u03c0 to obtain sign 34 12 13 ).\nIn addition, other methods to calculate writhe can be fully described mathematically and algorithmically, some of them outperform... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer programming-Canonical and standard form for ILPs-In integer linear programming, the canonical form is distinct from the standard form. An integer linear program in canonical form is expressed thus (note that it is the x vector which is to be decided): maximize subject to and x\u2208Zn, and an ILP in standard ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic summarization-Applications and systems for summarization-The edges between sentences are based on some form of semantic similarity or content overlap. While LexRank uses cosine similarity of TF-IDF vectors, TextRank uses a very similar measure based on the number of words two sentences have in common (normal... | large_corpus_distillation |
of instructors in statistics departments (83% for doctoral departments and 62% for master\u2019s departments) held doctoral degrees in either statistics or biostatistics. The comparable percentages for instructors of statistics in mathematics departments were about 52% and 38%." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dconf-Software architecture-Avoiding round trips and context switches is desirable in itself, but the real advantage comes from allowing the I/O scheduler in the kernel to do a better job by saturating it with requests coming from all of the applications trying to read their keys (as opposed to a common configuration ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Instant messaging-Security and archiving-IM connections sometimes occur in plain text, making them vulnerable to eavesdropping. Also, IM client software often requires the user to expose open UDP ports to the world, raising the threat posed by potential security vulnerabilities.In the early 2000s, a new class of IT se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiple correspondence analysis-Details-More theoretically, assume X is the completely disjunctive table of I observations of K categorical variables. Assume also that the k -th variable have Jk different levels (categories) and set J=\u2211k=1KJk . The table X is then a I\u00d7J matrix with all coefficient b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Covariance matrix-Estimation-These empirical sample covariance matrices are the most straightforward and most often used estimators for the covariance matrices, but other estimators also exist, including regularised or shrinkage estimators, which may have better properties." | large_corpus_distillation |
involution of H. Define a representation \u03bb and an anti-representation \u03c1 of A on itself by left and right multiplication: \u03bb(a)x=ax,\u03c1(a)x=xa.\nThese actions extend continuously to actions on H. In this case the commutation theorem for Hilbert algebras states that Moreover if M=\u03bb(A)\u2032\u2032, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Poisson bracket-Definition in canonical coordinates-In canonical coordinates (also known as Darboux coordinates) (qi,pi) on the phase space, given two functions f(pi,qi,t) and g(pi,qi,t) , the Poisson bracket takes the form The Poisson brackets of the canonical coordinates are where \u03b4ij is the Kronecker delta... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Abstract interpretation-Abstract interpretation of computer programs-Given a programming or specification language, abstract interpretation consists of giving several semantics linked by relations of abstraction. A semantics is a mathematical characterization of a possible behavior of the program. The most precise sem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probabilistic proposition-Probabilistic proposition-A probabilistic proposition is a proposition with a measured probability of being true for an arbitrary person at an arbitrary time. They may be contrasted with deterministic propositions, which assert that something is certain with no element of chance. Probabilisti... | large_corpus_distillation |
"862 Answer Key\n319. 1 (lnx) 3\n3\n3\n2x\n321.\n2 2\nx +1 x \u22121\n323.\nx\n\u22122\u2212(1/x)\n(lnx\u22121)\n325. e\u22121\nex\n327. 1\n1\n329. \u2212\n2\nx\n331. \u03c0\u2212ln(2)\n333. 1\nx\n335. 5 2\ne \u22126units\n337. ln(4)\u22121units 2\n339. 2.8656\n341. 3.1502\n349.True\nln(2)\n351.False; k=\nt\n353. 20 ho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"POVM-An example: unambiguous quantum state discrimination-The task of unambiguous quantum state discrimination (UQSD) is the next best thing: to never make a mistake about whether the state is |\u03c8\u27e9 or |\u03c6\u27e9 , at the cost of sometimes having an inconclusive result. It is possible to do this with proj... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Big O notation-Properties-Changing units may or may not affect the order of the resulting algorithm. Changing units is equivalent to multiplying the appropriate variable by a constant wherever it appears. For example, if an algorithm runs in the order of n2, replacing n by cn means the algorithm runs in the order of c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cloud Data Management Interface-Objects-Objects are similar to files in a traditional file system, but are enhanced with an increased amount and capacity for metadata. As with containers, they may be accessed by either name or OID. When accessed by name, clients use URLs that contain the full pathname of objects to cr... | large_corpus_distillation |
fundamental connection between nondeterminism and solution verifiability. Furthermore, it also provides a useful method for proving that a language is in NP\u2014simply identify a suitable certificate and show that it can be verified in polynomial time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regression validation-Out-of-sample evaluation-Cross-validation is the process of assessing how the results of a statistical analysis will generalize to an independent data set. If the model has been estimated over some, but not all, of the available data, then the model using the estimated parameters can be used to p... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data integrity-Integrity types-Logical integrity This type of integrity is concerned with the correctness or rationality of a piece of data, given a particular context. This includes topics such as referential integrity and entity integrity in a relational database or correctly ignoring impossible sensor data in robot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Predicate transformer semantics-Weakest preconditions-x:l[x=l2,x=l] The specification statement appears like a primitive in the sense that it does not contain other statements. However, it is very expressive, as pre and post are arbitrary predicates. Its weakest precondition is as follows. It combines Morgan's syntac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"StyleGAN-Architecture-This was updated by the StyleGAN2-ADA (\"ADA\" stands for \"adaptive\"), which uses invertible data augmentation. It also tunes the amount of data augmentation applied by starting at zero, and gradually increasing it until an \"overfitting heuristic\" reaches a target level, thus the name \"adapt... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P versus NP problem-Polynomial-time algorithms-This algorithm is enormously impractical, even if P = NP. If the shortest program that can solve SUBSET-SUM in polynomial time is b bits long, the above algorithm will try at least 2b \u2212 1 other programs first." | large_corpus_distillation |
(G,w,a) A\u2190{a} while A\u2260V add to A the most tightly connected vertex end store the cut in which the last remaining vertex is by itself (the \"cut-of-the-phase\") shrink G by merging the two vertices (s, t) added last (the value of \"cut-of-the-phase\" is the value of minimum s, t cut.) MinimumCut (G,w,a) wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chemical element-Description-There are now 118 known elements. In this context, \"known\" means observed well enough, even from just a few decay products, to have been differentiated from other elements. Most recently, the synthesis of element 118 (since named oganesson) was reported in October 2006, and the synthesis... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automated exception handling-Automated exception handling-Automated exception handling is a computing term referring to the computerized handling of errors. Runtime systems (engines) such as those for the Java programming language or .NET Framework lend themselves to an automated mode of exception or error handling. I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite-state machine-Classification-Finite-state machines can be subdivided into acceptors, classifiers, transducers and sequencers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cluster labeling-Cluster-Internal Labeling-External knowledge labels Cluster labeling can be done indirectly using external knowledge such as pre-categorized knowledge such as the one of Wikipedia. In such methods, a set of important cluster text features are first extracted from the cluster documents. These features ... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the maximal unramified pro-p extension Fp\u221e(K) of K Given a sequence of algebraic number fields K with fixed signature (r1,r2) , ordered by the absolute values of their discriminants d=d(K) , a suitable structured coclass tree (SCT) T , or also the finite sporadic part G0(p,r) of a coclass graph G(p,r) ,... | large_corpus_distillation |
attacks.A pivot by Intel in 2021 resulted in the deprecation of SGX from the 11th and 12th generation Intel Core Processors, but development continues on Intel Xeon for cloud and enterprise use." | large_corpus_distillation |
bee is more likely to stick out its tongue, or proboscis. Inebriated bees spend more time flying. If a bee is sufficiently intoxicated, it will just lie on its back and wiggle its legs. Inebriated bees typically have many more flying accidents as well. Some bees that consume ethanol become too inebriated to find their ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Relaxation (approximation)-Some relaxation techniques-Linear programming relaxation Lagrangian relaxation Semidefinite relaxation Surrogate relaxation and duality " | large_corpus_distillation |
Theorem for Boolean Circuits\". 2015 IEEE 56th Annual Symposium on Foundations of Computer Science. pp. 1030\u20131048. arXiv:1504.03398. doi:10.1109/FOCS.2015.67. ISBN 978-1-4673-8191-8. S2CID 7722713." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebra-Abstract algebra-Binary operations: The notion of addition (+) is generalized to the notion of binary operation (denoted here by \u2217). The notion of binary operation is meaningless without the set on which the operation is defined. For two elements a and b in a set S, a \u2217 b is another element in the se... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bc (programming language)-Implementations-POSIX bc The POSIX standardized bc language is traditionally written as a program in the dc programming language to provide a higher level of access to the features of the dc language without the complexities of dc's terse syntax.\nIn this form, the bc language contains single... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random forest-Algorithm-Train a classification or regression tree fb on Xb, Yb.After training, predictions for unseen samples x' can be made by averaging the predictions from all the individual regression trees on x': f^=1B\u2211b=1Bfb(x\u2032) or by taking the majority vote in the case of classification trees." | large_corpus_distillation |
"IC 1011-IC 1011-IC 1011 is a barred spiral galaxy with apparent magnitude of 14.7, and with a redshift of z=0.02564 (SIMBAD) or 0.025703 (NASA), yielding a distance of 100 to 120 megaparsecs. Its light has taken 349.5 million years to travel to Earth. IC 1011's calculated age is approximately 12.95 billion years. The ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Search engine-Technology-Another category of search engines is scientific search engines. These are search engines which search scientific literature. The best known example is Google Scholar. Researchers are working on improving search engine technology by making them understand the content element of the articles, s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"e\n\u222b F \u21c0 \u22c5dr =\u222b F \u21c0 (\u21c0r(t))\u22c5\u21c0r'(t)dt\nC 1\ne t4\n=\u222b \u27e82t2lnt, +t2,2t2\u27e9\u22c5\u27e82t,1,1\u27e9dt\nt\n1\ne\n=\u222b (4t3lnt+t3+3t2)dt\n1\ne e\n=\u222b 4t3lntdt+\u222b (t3+3t2)dt\n1 1\ne t4 e\n=\u222b 4t3lntdt+[ +t3]\n1 4 1\ne e4 1\n=\u222b 4t3lntdt+ +e3\u2212 \u2212... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exploit (computer security)-Classification-Pivoting is usually done by infiltrating a part of a network infrastructure (as an example, a vulnerable printer or thermostat) and using a scanner to find other devices connected to attack them. By attacking a vulnerable piece of networking, an attacker could infect most or ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Friend class-Properties-Friendships are not symmetric \u2013 if class A is a friend of class B, class B is not automatically a friend of class A.\nFriendships are not transitive \u2013 if class A is a friend of class B, and class B is a friend of class C, class A is not automatically a friend of class C." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Letter case-Stylistic or specialised usage-Multi-word proper nouns include names of organisations, publications, and people. Often the rules for \"title case\" (described in the previous section) are applied to these names, so that non-initial articles, conjunctions, and short prepositions are lowercase, and all other... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digital elevation model-Terminology-In the following, the term DEM is used as a generic term for DSMs and DTMs." | large_corpus_distillation |
"System (typeface)-System (typeface)-In Windows 2000 or later, changing script setting in some application's font dialogue (e.g.: Notepad, WordPad) causes the font to look completely different, even under same font size. Similarly, changing language setting for Windows applications that do not support Unicode will alte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ten-pin bowling-Pins and scoring-An open frame is the total pinfall of the current frame.The maximum score is 300, achieved with ten consecutive strikes (as opposed to twelve in traditional scoring), but with no bonus pins received in the tenth frame.World Bowling scoring is thought to make bowling easier to follow th... | large_corpus_distillation |
homomorphism (the inverse function of a bijective group homomorphism is also a group homomorphism)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood control-Non-structural methods-Flood mapping Flood mapping is a tool used by governments and policy makers to delineate the borders of potential flooding events, allowing educated decisions to prevent extreme flooding events. Flood maps are useful to create documentation that allows policy makers to make informe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cryptographic hash function-Hash function design-Wide pipe versus narrow pipe A straightforward application of the Merkle\u2013Damg\u00e5rd construction, where the size of hash output is equal to the internal state size (between each compression step), results in a narrow-pipe hash design. This design causes many inhe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knome-Products and services-For academic, pharmaceutical, and medical researchers, Knome offered: knoSYS\u00ae Platform Provides labs with a scalable, production-grade informatics system for the analysis, annotation, and interpretation of human next-gen sequence data (genome, exome, targeted gene).knomeDISCOVERY Resea... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Two-tree broadcast-Usage for other communication primitives-The communication in the up-phase is equivalent to a reduction to processor 0 and the communication in the down-phase is equivalent to a broadcast from the processor 0.\nThe total communication time is about twice the communication time of the two-tree broadc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Row and column spaces-Overview-Intuitively, given a matrix A, the action of the matrix A on a vector x will return a linear combination of the columns of A weighted by the coordinates of x as coefficients. Another way to look at this is that it will (1) first project x into the row space of A, (2) perform an invertibl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear function (calculus)-Properties-A linear function is a polynomial function in which the variable x has degree at most one: f(x)=ax+b .Such a function is called linear because its graph, the set of all points (x,f(x)) in the Cartesian plane, is a line. The coefficient a is called the slope of the function and of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fortran 95 language features-Expressions and assignments-Parentheses are used to indicate the order of evaluation where necessary: The rules for scalar numeric expressions and assignments accommodate the non-default kinds. Thus, the mixed-mode numeric expression and assignment rules incorporate different kind type par... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Address space layout randomization-Implementations-DragonFly BSD DragonFly BSD has an implementation of ASLR based upon OpenBSD's model, added in 2010. It is off by default, and can be enabled by setting the sysctl vm.randomize_mmap to 1.\nFreeBSD Support for ASLR appeared in FreeBSD 13.0. It is enabled by default sin... | large_corpus_distillation |
diagnostic validity is increased by combining tests of different modalities to avoid substantial overlap, for example in making a combination of a blood test, a biopsy and radiograph." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sync (Unix)-Sync (Unix)-The related system call fsync() commits just the buffered data relating to a specified file descriptor. fdatasync() is also available to write out just the changes made to the data in the file, and not necessarily the file's related metadata.Some Unix systems run a kind of flush or update daemo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile business intelligence-Development-Developing a native mobile BI app poses challenges, especially concerning data display rendering and user interactivity. Mobile BI App development has traditionally been a time-consuming and expensive effort requiring businesses to justify the investment for the mobile workforc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Call stack-Description-Since the call stack is organized as a stack, the caller pushes the return address onto the stack, and the called subroutine, when it finishes, pulls or pops the return address off the call stack and transfers control to that address. If a called subroutine calls on yet another subroutine, it wi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Root of unity-Cyclotomic polynomials-Note that, contrary to first appearances, not all coefficients of all cyclotomic polynomials are 0, 1, or \u22121. The first exception is \u03a6105. It is not a surprise it takes this long to get an example, because the behavior of the coefficients depends not so much on n as on ho... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bridge scoring-Scoring elements-Slam bonus Bonuses are awarded for all slam contracts bid and made: a small slam, or successful contract to win 12 of 13 tricks, earns a bonus of 500 points if not vulnerable and 750 points if vulnerable; a grand slam, or successful contract to win all 13 tricks, earns a bonus of 1000 p... | large_corpus_distillation |
of posterior probabilities. It remains, however, necessary to evaluate the likelihood p(D|\u03b8) and the prior p(\u03b8) . For numerous applications, it is computationally expensive, or even completely infeasible, to evaluate the likelihood, which motivates the use of ABC to circumvent this issue." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Service Availability Forum-Description-Key principles of service availability: Redundancy \u2013 \"backup\" capability in case of need to failover due to a fault Stateful and seamless recovery from failures Minimization of mean time to repair (MTTR) \u2013 time to restore service after an outage Fault prediction & avo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machine translation software usability-Trustworthiness and security-It is not known whether this feature of Google Translate was the result of a joke/hack or perhaps an unintended consequence of the use of a method such as statistical machine translation. Reporters from CNET Networks asked Google for an explanation on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lamport timestamp-Lamport's logical clock in distributed systems-In a distributed system, it is not possible in practice to synchronize time across entities (typically thought of as processes) within the system; hence, the entities can use the concept of a logical clock based on the events through which they communica... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Communicating sequential processes-Comparison with the actor model-In as much as it is concerned with concurrent processes that exchange messages, the actor model is broadly similar to CSP. However, the two models make some fundamentally different choices with regard to the primitives they provide: CSP processes are a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C-list (computer security)-C-list (computer security)-In capability-based computer security, a C-list is an array of capabilities, usually associated with a process and maintained by the kernel. The program running in the process does not manipulate capabilities directly, but refers to them via C-list indexes\u2014int... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nonconcatenative morphology-Nonconcatenative morphology-Nonconcatenative morphology, also called discontinuous morphology and introflection, is a form of word formation and inflection in which the root is modified and which does not involve stringing morphemes together sequentially." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generalized symmetric group-Examples-For m=1, the generalized symmetric group is exactly the ordinary symmetric group: S(1,n)=Sn.\nFor m=2, one can consider the cyclic group of order 2 as positives and negatives ( Z2\u2245{\u00b11} ) and identify the generalized symmetric group S(2,n) with the signed symmetric gro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"One-way compression function-Miyaguchi\u2013Preneel-It feeds each block of the message ( mi ) as the plaintext to be encrypted. The output ciphertext is then XORed (\u2295) with the same message block ( mi ) and then also XORed with the previous hash value ( Hi\u22121 ) to produce the next hash value ( Hi ). The previ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Video optimization-Techniques-Pacing A variety of techniques used for reducing traffic over a mobile network infrastructure is called pacing. Pacing is a special form of rate limiting, where traffic delivery to a device is slowed down to a point, that \"just in time\" delivery takes place. The idea behind pacing is to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Machine-readable document-Definition-The W3C's accompanying XML Schema (XSD) Recommendation specifies how to formally describe the elements in an XML document. With respect to the specification of XML schemas, the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) is a leading standards-devel... | large_corpus_distillation |
that unrestricted gotos (jump sequencers) are bad because the destination of the jump is not self-explanatory to the reader of a program until the reader finds and examines the actual label or address that is the target of the jump. In contrast, Watt argues that the conceptual intent of a return sequencer is clear from... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finitely generated group-Subgroups-A subgroup of a finitely generated group need not be finitely generated. The commutator subgroup of the free group F2 on two generators is an example of a subgroup of a finitely generated group that is not finitely generated.\nOn the other hand, all subgroups of a finitely generated... | large_corpus_distillation |
Z/3Z \u00d7 Z/3Z, so the Schur multiplier of the simple group has order 36 instead of 4.\n2A5(4) The Schur multiplier has an extra Z/2Z \u00d7 Z/2Z, so the Schur multiplier of the simple group has order 12 instead of 3.\n2E6(4) The Schur multiplier has an extra Z/2Z \u00d7 Z/2Z, so the Schur multiplier of the simple gr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear discriminant analysis-Applications-In addition to the examples given below, LDA is applied in positioning and product management.\nBankruptcy prediction In bankruptcy prediction based on accounting ratios and other financial variables, linear discriminant analysis was the first statistical method applied to sys... | large_corpus_distillation |
"String literal-Different kinds of strings-One of the oldest examples is in shell scripts, where single quotes indicate a raw string or \"literal string\", while double quotes have escape sequences and variable interpolation." | large_corpus_distillation |
off the shelf software products revamp their product very frequently. Thus a particular customization may need to be upgraded for compatibility every two to four years. Given the cost of customization, such upgrades can also turn out to be expensive, as a dedicated product release cycle may have to be earmarked for the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory access pattern-Memory access pattern-In computing, a memory access pattern or IO access pattern is the pattern with which a system or program reads and writes memory on secondary storage. These patterns differ in the level of locality of reference and drastically affect cache performance, and also have implicat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Potassium nitrate (data page)-Product Identification-Synonyms: Saltpetre; Niter/Nitre; Nitric acid potassium salt; Salt Peter CAS No.: 7757-79-1 Molecular Weight: 101.1 Chemical Formula: KNO3 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Locks with ordered sharing-Locks with ordered sharing-In databases and transaction processing the term Locks with ordered sharing comprises several variants of the two-phase locking (2PL) concurrency control protocol generated by changing the blocking semantics of locks upon conflicts. One variant is identical to stri... | large_corpus_distillation |
with a permutation to generate the per-message pad." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Convolutional neural network-Distinguishing features-Convolutional neural networks are variants of multilayer perceptrons, designed to emulate the behavior of a visual cortex. These models mitigate the challenges posed by the MLP architecture by exploiting the strong spatially local correlation present in natural imag... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximal independent set-Finding a single maximal independent set-For every node u that is selected to S, the probability that u will be removed from S is at most 1/2. PROOF: This probability is at most the probability that a higher-neighbour of u is selected to S. For each higher-neighbour v, the probability that it i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duplicate code-Costs and benefits-Code which includes duplicate functionality is more difficult to support because, it is simply longer, and if it needs updating, there is a danger that one copy of the code will be updated without further checking for the presence of other instances of the same code.On the other hand,... | large_corpus_distillation |
one result because each input value of a function corresponds to exactly one\noutput value.\nWhen we know an output value and want to determine the input values that would produce that output value, we set" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cambridge IT Skills Diploma-Diploma types-The name of the certificate awarded to the successful candidate is the \u201cCambridge International Diploma in IT Skills\u201d There are four types of Diploma: Single-Module Diploma, the basic requirement for it is any of the seven applications.\nFour-Module Diploma, the basi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PCP theorem-PCP and hardness of approximation-As a consequence of this theorem, it can be shown that the solutions to many natural optimization problems including maximum boolean formula satisfiability, maximum independent set in graphs, and the shortest vector problem for lattices cannot be approximated efficiently u... | large_corpus_distillation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.