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"1/3\u20132/3 conjecture-Definitions-A partially ordered set is a set X together with a binary relation \u2264 that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive. A total order is a partial order in which every pair of elements is comparable. A linear extension of a finite partial order is a sequential ordering of the el... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word frequency effect-Cognitive influences-The word frequency effect changes how the brain encodes the information. Readers began spelling the higher frequency words faster than the lower frequency words when spelling the words from dictation. The length of saccade varies depending on the frequency of words and the va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Run-time algorithm specialization-Data-and-algorithm specialization-In such circumstances, full-scale specialization with compilation may not be suitable due to excessive memory usage. However, we can sometimes find a compact specialized representation A\u2032 for every A , that can be stored with, or instead of, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rich-club coefficient-Generalizations-General richness properties The natural definition of a node's \"richness\" is its number of neighbours. If instead we replace this with a generic richness metric on nodes r, then we can rewrite the unscaled Rich-Club coefficient as: Where we are instead considering the sub graph ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Constructive analysis-Logical preliminaries-Variations Demanding good order properties as above but strong completeness properties at the same time implies PEM . Notably, the MacNeille completion has better completeness properties as a collection, but a more intricate theory of its order-relation and, in turn, worse ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Design of the FAT file system-Fragmentation-Additionally, directory entries of deleted files will be marked 0xE5 since DOS 3.0. DOS 5.0 and higher will start to reuse these entries only when previously unused directory entries have been used up in the table and the system would otherwise have to expand the table itsel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fuzzing-Types-A whitebox fuzzer can be very effective at exposing bugs that hide deep in the program. However, the time used for analysis (of the program or its specification) can become prohibitive. If the whitebox fuzzer takes relatively too long to generate an input, a blackbox fuzzer will be more efficient. Hence,... | large_corpus_distillation |
graph and a d+1 -vertex complete graph has two eigenvalues of exactly d but is likely to satisfy the discrepancy property. However, as proven by David Conlon and Yufei Zhao in 2017, slight variants of the discrepancy and eigenvalue conditions for d -regular Cayley graphs are equivalent up to linear scaling in \u03b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hardware description language-HDL and programming languages-Both programming languages and HDLs are processed by a compiler (often called a synthesizer in the HDL case), but with different goals. For HDLs, \"compiling\" refers to logic synthesis; the process of transforming the HDL code listing into a physically reali... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advantage gambling-Other ways to gain an advantage-Dice control Experts disagree about whether or not an advantage can be gained at some other games. One example is dice control. Authors Stanford Wong and Frank Scoblete have stated that by setting and throwing the dice in a certain way players can alter the odds at th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rules extraction system family-Induction procedure-To induce the best rules based on a given observation, RULES family start by selecting (separating) a seed example to build a rule, condition by condition. The rule that covers the most positive examples and the least negative examples are chosen as the best rule of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Enumerated type-Rationale-Enumerated types, on the other hand, make the code more self-documenting. Depending on the language, the compiler could automatically assign default values to the enumerators thereby hiding unnecessary detail from the programmer. These values may not even be visible to the programmer (see inf... | large_corpus_distillation |
when there are no data dependencies between the bodies of the two loops (this is in stark contrast to the other main benefit of loop fusion described above, which only presents itself when there are data dependencies that require an intermediate allocation to store the results). If loop fusion is able to remove redunda... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Partnership (cricket)-Bowling partnerships-Two bowlers may be said to be bowling in tandem when they bowl all of a certain set of consecutive overs." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Boy or Girl paradox-Variants of the question-Following the popularization of the paradox by Gardner it has been presented and discussed in various forms. The first variant presented by Bar-Hillel & Falk is worded as follows: Mr. Smith is the father of two. We meet him walking along the street with a young boy whom he ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear programming relaxation-Example-The linear programming relaxation of the set cover problem describes a fractional cover in which the input sets are assigned weights such that the total weight of the sets containing each element is at least one and the total weight of all sets is minimized." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Inheritance (object-oriented programming)-Inheritance vs subtyping-Visibility Whenever client code has access to an object, it generally has access to all the object's superclass data. Even if the superclass has not been declared public, the client can still cast the object to its superclass type. For example, there i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional independence-Conditional independence of random variables-Two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given a \u03c3-algebra \u03a3 if the above equation holds for all R in \u03c3(X) and B in \u03c3(Y) Two random variables X and Y are conditionally independent given a random variabl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Code motion-Uses-Removing unused/useless operations Code Sinking, also known as lazy code motion, is a term for a technique that reduces wasted instructions by moving instructions to branches in which they are used: If an operation is executed before a branch, and only one of the branch paths use the result of that op... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java APIs for Integrated Networks-Goal-A goal of the JAIN APIs is to abstract the underlying network, so that services can be developed independent of network technology, be it traditional PSTN or Next Generation Network." | large_corpus_distillation |
score, e.g. SCORE (HeartScore is the interactive version of SCORE - Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation), which has been recommended by the European Society of Cardiology in 2007.If possible, a cardiology professional should select the risk prediction model which is most appropriate for an individual patient and should... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyclic number-Construction of cyclic numbers-Cyclic numbers can be constructed by the following procedure: Let b be the number base (10 for decimal) Let p be a prime that does not divide b.\nLet t = 0.\nLet r = 1.\nLet n = 0.\nloop: Let t = t +\u20091 Let x = r \u00b7 b Let d = int(x / p) Let r = x mod p Let n = n \u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
into |L|; it is a continuous function. If f is injective, then |f| is injective; if f is an isomorphism between K and L, then |f| is a homeomorphism between |K| and |L|.:\u200a15,\u200aProp.1.5.4 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Doubling-oriented Doche\u2013Icart\u2013Kohel curve-Group law-In this case, since these curves are special cases of Weierstrass curves, the addition is just the standard addition on Weierstrass curves. On the other hand, to double a point, the standard doubling formula can be used, but it would not be so fast.\nIn thi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Booth's multiplication algorithm-The algorithm-The representations of the multiplicand and product are not specified; typically, these are both also in two's complement representation, like the multiplier, but any number system that supports addition and subtraction will work as well. As stated here, the order of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Computational complexity of matrix multiplication-Matrix multiplication exponent-Lower bounds for \u03c9 There is a trivial lower bound of \u03c9\u22652 . Since any algorithm for multiplying two n \u00d7 n-matrices has to process all 2n2 entries, there is a trivial asymptotic lower bound of \u03a9(n2) operations for ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"RSA problem-RSA problem-More specifically, the RSA problem is to efficiently compute P given an RSA public key (N, e) and a ciphertext C \u2261 P e (mod N). The structure of the RSA public key requires that N be a large semiprime (i.e., a product of two large prime numbers), that 2 < e < N, that e be coprime to \u03c6... | large_corpus_distillation |
the probability factor is less than one-half, E(B|A=a)<a for all a other than the first, smallest a, and the total expected value of switching converges to 0. In addition, if an ongoing distribution with a probability factor greater than one-half is made finite by, after any number of terms, establishing a final term ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hydraulic head-Head loss-For relatively short pipe systems, with a relatively large number of bends and fittings, minor losses can easily exceed major losses. In design, minor losses are usually estimated from tables using coefficients or a simpler and less accurate reduction of minor losses to equivalent length of pi... | large_corpus_distillation |
x \u2208 f(x) is false. Each column records the values of the indicator function of the set corresponding to the column. The indicator function of B coincides with the logically negated (swap \"true\" and \"false\") entries of the main diagonal. Thus the indicator function of B does not agree with any column in at leas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic equivalence-Homomorphic equivalence-In the mathematics of graph theory, two graphs, G and H, are called homomorphically equivalent if there exists a graph homomorphism f:G\u2192H and a graph homomorphism g:H\u2192G . An example usage of this notion is that any two cores of a graph are homomorphically equ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carmichael number-Lucas\u2013Carmichael number-A positive composite integer n is a Lucas\u2013Carmichael number if and only if n is square-free, and for all prime divisors p of n , it is true that p+1\u2223n+1 . The first Lucas\u2013Carmichael numbers are: 399, 935, 2015, 2915, 4991, 5719, 7055, 8855, 12719, 1809... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraically closed field-Other properties-If F is an algebraically closed field and n is a natural number, then F contains all nth roots of unity, because these are (by definition) the n (not necessarily distinct) zeroes of the polynomial xn \u2212 1. A field extension that is contained in an extension generated by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximum weight matching-Maximum weight matching-A special case of it is the assignment problem, in which the input is restricted to be a bipartite graph, and the matching constrained to be have cardinality that of the smaller of the two partitions. Another special case is the problem of finding a maximum cardinality m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Biclique attack-The biclique-For a general explanation of what a biclique structure is, see the article for bicliques." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hodges' estimator-Example-The mean square error (scaled by n) associated with the regular estimator x is constant and equal to 1 for all \u03b8's. At the same time the mean square error of the Hodges' estimator \u03b8^nH behaves erratically in the vicinity of zero, and even becomes unbounded as n \u2192 \u221e. This ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"People's Code-GitHub-In line with Sections 7.2, 7.3 and Section 7.6 of the Federal Source Code Policy, the code.gov site where government data and code is published on OSS platform, GitHub. This site acts a repository for federal code to be examined by citizens who can access these data and see what federal agencies u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Time-division multiple access-Comparison with other multiple-access schemes-In radio systems, TDMA is usually used alongside frequency-division multiple access (FDMA) and frequency-division duplex (FDD); the combination is referred to as FDMA/TDMA/FDD. This is the case in both GSM and IS-136 for example. Exceptions to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Search engine optimization metrics-Google PageRank-Google PageRank (Google PR) is one of the methods Google uses to determine a page's relevance or importance. Important pages receive a higher PageRank and are more likely to appear at the top of the search results. Google PageRank (PR) is a measure from 0 - 10. Google... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Operating system-Types of operating systems-Single-tasking and multi-tasking A single-tasking system can only run one program at a time, while a multi-tasking operating system allows more than one program to be running concurrently. This is achieved by time-sharing, where the available processor time is divided betwee... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Caltech 101-Analysis and comparison-Limited number of categories: The Caltech 101 data set represents only a small fraction of possible object categories.\nSome categories contain few images: Certain categories are not represented as well as others, containing as few as 31 images.\nThis means that 30 . The number of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
smaller than the extension topology of X \u222a P.\nFor a set Z and a point p in Z, one obtains the particular point topology construction by considering in Z the discrete topology and applying the closed extension topology construction to Z \u2013 {p} plus p." | large_corpus_distillation |
shift characters. TTS was also of some benefit to teleprinters as well as computers. Corruption of a TTS transmitted letter code just resulted in one wrong letter being printed, which could probably be corrected by the receiving user. On the other hand, corruption of an ITA 2 shift character resulted in all the message... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Digital signature-Digital signature-Digital signatures are often used to implement electronic signatures, which include any electronic data that carries the intent of a signature, but not all electronic signatures use digital signatures. Electronic signatures have legal significance in some countries, including Canada... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cipher-Cipher-Codes generally substitute different length strings of characters in the output, while ciphers generally substitute the same number of characters as are input. A code maps one meaning with another. Words and phrases can be coded as letters or numbers. Codes typically have direct meaning from input to key... | large_corpus_distillation |
two processors to the operating system, allowing concurrent scheduling of two processes per core. In addition, two or more processes can use the same resources: If resources for one process are not available, then another process can continue if its resources are available." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coding best practices-Coding standards-For large, long lived programs using verbose alternatives could contribute to bloat.Compactness can allow coders to view more code per page, reducing scrolling gestures and keystrokes. Given how many times code might be viewed in the process of writing and maintaining, it might a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Economic order quantity-Overview-EOQ applies only when demand for a product is constant over the year and each new order is delivered in full when inventory reaches zero. There is a fixed cost for each order placed, regardless of the number of units ordered; an order is assumed to contain only 1 unit. There is also a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
conclusion from mixing the concepts of Kolmogorov complexity and Occam's razor is that an ideal data compressor would also be a scientific explanation/formulation generator. Some attempts have been made to re-derive known laws from considerations of simplicity or compressibility.According to J\u00fcrgen Schmidhuber, th... | large_corpus_distillation |
x.\n10 10 10 10 2 10\nTherefore, the equation can be rewritten as\n3 4\nlog x=2orlog x= .\n2 10 10 3\nThis OpenStax book is available for free at http://cnx.org/content/col11964/1.12" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal code (data compression)-Relationship to practical compression-Huffman coding and arithmetic coding (when they can be used) give at least as good, and often better compression than any universal code.\nHowever, universal codes are useful when Huffman coding cannot be used \u2014 for example, when one does not... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sayre's paradox-Nature of the problem-It is relatively easy to design automated systems capable of recognizing words inscribed in a printed format. Such words are segmented into letters by the very act of writing them on the page. Given templates matching typical letter shapes in a given language, individual letters c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fault tolerance-Fault tolerance techniques-Research into the kinds of tolerances needed for critical systems involves a large amount of interdisciplinary work. The more complex the system, the more carefully all possible interactions have to be considered and prepared for. Considering the importance of high-value syst... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Associative algebra-Definition-Let R be a commutative ring (so R could be a field). An associative R-algebra (or more simply, an R-algebra) is a ring that is also an R-module in such a way that the two additions (the ring addition and the module addition) are the same operation, and scalar multiplication satisfies r\... | large_corpus_distillation |
typical player has a rating deviation of 50 then the constant can be found by solving 350 50 100 c2 for c .Or 350 50 100 34.6 Step 2: Determine new rating The new ratings, after a series of m games, are determined by the following equation: r=r0+q1RD2+1d2\u2211i=1mg(RDi)(si\u2212E(s|r0,ri,RDi)) where: g(RDi)=11+3q2(RD... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ruzsa triangle inequality-Variants of the Ruzsa triangle inequality-The Ruzsa sum triangle inequality is a corollary of the Pl\u00fcnnecke-Ruzsa inequality (which is in turn proved using the ordinary Ruzsa triangle inequality). Proof. The proof uses the following lemma from the proof of the Pl\u00fcnnecke-Ruzsa inequ... | large_corpus_distillation |
monoidal categories: the product is meet and the identity is the top element.\nAny ordinary monoid (M,\u22c5,1) is a small monoidal category with object set M , only identities for morphisms, \u22c5 as tensorproduct and 1 as its identity object. Conversely, the set of isomorphism classes (if such a thing makes sens... | large_corpus_distillation |
and server-generated random values), which is passed through a carefully designed pseudorandom function.\nThe client now sends a ChangeCipherSpec record, essentially telling the server, \"Everything I tell you from now on will be authenticated (and encrypted if encryption parameters were present in the server certifica... | large_corpus_distillation |
the packets. The security of the system is based on the ability to control the distribution of the keys only to those legitimate receivers. For this, the IETF created the Group Domain of Interpretation (GDOI) protocol defined in RFC 6407. The protocol allows the sender and receiver to join a key server where policies a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Noteshare-Features-The program allows for real time change. Viewers can follow along with the current editor automatically, all changes can be seen as they are made. Including the turning of pages.\nViewers can see who else is viewing the current notebook.\nMultiple notebooks may be viewed at once.\nUsing a \"pen\" sy... | large_corpus_distillation |
thus reducing the chance of a large loss of yardage." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Involution (mathematics)-General properties-Any involution is a bijection.\nThe identity map is a trivial example of an involution. Examples of nontrivial involutions include negation ( x\u21a6\u2212x ), reciprocation ( x\u21a61/x ), and complex conjugation ( z\u21a6z\u00af ) in arithmetic; reflection, half-turn rotat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Differential susceptibility-Theoretical background-Importantly, natural selection might favour genetic lines with both plastic and fixed developmental and affective patterns. In other words, there is value to having both kinds at once. In light of inclusive-fitness considerations, children who were less malleable (and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binary symmetric channel-Noisy-channel coding theorem-What this theorem actually implies is, a message when picked from {0,1}k , encoded with a random encoding function E , and sent across a noisy BSC p , there is a very high probability of recovering the original message by decoding, if k or in effect the rate of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Connected dominating set-Algorithms-The maximum leaf spanning tree problem is MAX-SNP hard, implying that no polynomial time approximation scheme is likely. However, it can be approximated to within a factor of 2 in polynomial time.Both problems may be solved, on n-vertex graphs, in time O(1.9n). The maximum leaf prob... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exit status-Semantics-The return value from main is passed to the exit function, which for values zero, EXIT_SUCCESS or EXIT_FAILURE may translate it to \"an implementation defined form\" of successful termination or unsuccessful termination.Apart from zero and the macros EXIT_SUCCESS and EXIT_FAILURE, the C standard ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regression analysis-Other methods-Although the parameters of a regression model are usually estimated using the method of least squares, other methods which have been used include: Bayesian methods, e.g. Bayesian linear regression Percentage regression, for situations where reducing percentage errors is deemed more ap... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GPT-3-GPT-3-Generative Pre-trained Transformer 3 (GPT-3) is a large language model released by OpenAI in 2020. Like its predecessor GPT-2, it is a decoder-only transformer model of deep neural network, which uses attention in place of previous recurrence- and convolution-based architectures. Attention mechanisms allow... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof by contradiction-Relationship with other proof techniques-Refutation by contradiction Proof by contradiction is similar to refutation by contradiction, also known as proof of negation, which states that \u00acP is proved as follows: The proposition to be proved is \u00acP.\nAssume P.\nDerive falsehood.\nConclude... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Edge coloring-Algorithms-For planar graphs with maximum degree \u0394 \u2265 7, the optimal number of colors is again exactly \u0394. With the stronger assumption that \u0394 \u2265 9, it is possible to find an optimal edge coloring in linear time (Cole & Kowalik 2008).\nFor d-regular graphs which are pseudo-random in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Phase-gate process-Effective gates-Most firms suffer from having far too many projects in their product development pipelines, for the limited resources available. \"Gates with teeth\" help to prune the development portfolio of weak projects and deal with a gridlocked pipeline. Also, a robust innovation strategy, coup... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tree contraction-Analysis-For the moment, let us assume that all nodes have less than three children, namely binary. Generally speaking, as long as the degree is bounded, the bounds will hold. But we will analyze the binary case for simplicity. In the two \u201cdegenerate\u201d cases listed above, the rake is the best... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ran Canetti-Standards-M. Baugher, R. Canetti, L. Dondeti, F. Lindholm, \u201cGroup Key Management Architecture,\u201d Internet Engineering Task Force RFC 4046, 2005.\nA. Perrig, R. Canetti, B. Briscoe, D. Tygar, D. Song, \u201cTESLA: Multicast Source Authentication Transform\u201d, Internet Engineering Task Force RFC ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Euler's totient function-Euler's totient function-For example, the totatives of n = 9 are the six numbers 1, 2, 4, 5, 7 and 8. They are all relatively prime to 9, but the other three numbers in this range, 3, 6, and 9 are not, since gcd(9, 3) = gcd(9, 6) = 3 and gcd(9, 9) = 9. Therefore, \u03c6(9) = 6. As another exam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nearest neighbor search-Methods-Greedy search in proximity neighborhood graphs Proximity graph methods (such as HNSW) are considered the current state-of-the-art for the approximate nearest neighbors search.The methods are based on greedy traversing in proximity neighborhood graphs G(V,E) in which every point xi\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Liskov substitution principle-Principle-Behavioural subtyping is a stronger notion than typical subtyping of functions defined in type theory, which relies only on the contravariance of parameter types and covariance of the return type. Behavioural subtyping is undecidable in general: if q is the property \"method for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"English nouns-Semantics of nouns and noun phrases-Not all noun phrases refer. In fact, some kinds of noun phrases are inherently non-referential. These include negative, interrogative, and bare role noun phrases as well as noun phrases with either or each functioning as a determinative. The underlined NPs in the follo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Duplicate code-Costs and benefits-When code with a software vulnerability is copied, the vulnerability may continue to exist in the copied code if the developer is not aware of such copies.Refactoring duplicate code can improve many software metrics, such as lines of code, cyclomatic complexity, and coupling. This may... | large_corpus_distillation |
already recalled, they would be unable to fully recount the item sequence correctly. This signifies the result of applying an inappropriate guessing strategy when attempting to improve short-term memory recall performance of a sequence containing repeated items." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Memory ordering-Compile-time memory ordering-Additional difficulties and complications Optimization under as-if Modern compilers sometimes take this a step further by means of an as-if rule, in which any reordering is permitted (even across statements) if no effect on the visible program semantics results. Under this ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filter (set theory)-Filters and prefilters-The set F of all cofinite subsets of X (meaning those sets whose complement in X is finite) is proper if and only if F is infinite (or equivalently, X is infinite), in which case F is a filter on X known as the Fr\u00e9chet filter or the cofinite filter on X.\nIf X i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gatekeeping (communication)-New gatekeepers-Gatekeeping found in social media A rise in social media popularity has sparked reliance on media outlets to produce newsworthy content. As newspaper distribution rates drop, news outlets rely heavily on social media editors to promote news items. Kasper Welbers and Micha\u0... | large_corpus_distillation |
and tested in polynomial time using the ellipsoid algorithm.A more combinatorial characterization was provided by Dillencourt & Smith (1995) for the special case of simple polyhedra, polyhedra with only three faces and three edges meeting at each (ideal) vertex. According to their characterization, a simple polyhedron ... | large_corpus_distillation |
relatedness, named entity recognition and sentiment analysis.As of the late 2010s, contextually-meaningful embeddings such as ELMo and BERT have been developed. Unlike static word embeddings, these embeddings are at the token-level, in that each occurrence of a word has its own embedding. These embeddings better reflec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Agrep-Agrep-agrep (approximate grep) is an open-source approximate string matching program, developed by Udi Manber and Sun Wu between 1988 and 1991, for use with the Unix operating system. It was later ported to OS/2, DOS, and Windows.\nIt selects the best-suited algorithm for the current query from a variety of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Statistical classification-Frequentist procedures-Early work on statistical classification was undertaken by Fisher, in the context of two-group problems, leading to Fisher's linear discriminant function as the rule for assigning a group to a new observation. This early work assumed that data-values within each of the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Proof of Fermat's Last Theorem for specific exponents-Mathematical preliminaries-Fermat's Last Theorem states that no three positive integers (a, b, c) can satisfy the equation an + bn = cn for any integer value of n greater than two. (For n equal to 1, the equation is a linear equation and has a solution for every po... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mobile dial code-Worldwide-United States In the United States, each wireless network controls how their MDCs will be used. As such, when wireless customers call a MDC, they're call is routed to the end user that their carrier selects." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic independence-Algebraic matroids-For every set S of elements of L , the algebraically independent subsets of S satisfy the axioms that define the independent sets of a matroid. In this matroid, the rank of a set of elements is its transcendence degree, and the flat generated by a set T of elements is the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Software testing-Testing approach-Grey-box testing Grey-box testing (American spelling: gray-box testing) involves having knowledge of internal data structures and algorithms for purposes of designing tests while executing those tests at the user, or black-box level. The tester will often have access to both \"the sou... | large_corpus_distillation |
\u02c6\nW (t)y h(x ; \u03b8 ) = 0 (6)\nm t t m\nt=1\nCite as: Tommi Jaakkola, course materials for 6.867 Machine Learning, Fall 2006. MIT OpenCourseWare\n(http://ocw.mit.edu/), Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Downloaded on [DD Month YYYY].(cid:13)(cid:10)" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Akelarre (cipher)-Akelarre (cipher)-Akelarre is a block cipher proposed in 1996, combining the basic design of IDEA with ideas from RC5. It was shown to be susceptible to a ciphertext-only attack in 1997. Akelarre is a 128-bit block cipher with a variable key-length which must be some multiple of 64 bits. The number ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extreme programming practices-Fine scale feedback-Commitment Phase: Within the commitment phase business and developers will commit themselves to the functionality that will be included and the date of the next release.\nSteering Phase: In the steering phase the plan can be adjusted, new requirements can be added and/... | large_corpus_distillation |
random variables, each with the standard uniform distribution.\nFind the distribution function and probability density function of the following variables.\nU=min{X ,X \u2026,X }\n1. 1 2 n\nV =max{X ,X ,\u2026,X }\n2. 1 2 n\nAnswer\nG(t)=1\u2212(1\u2212t)n g(t)=n(1\u2212t)n\u22121 t\u2208[0,1]\n1. and , both for\nH(t)=... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quadratic Frobenius test-Algorithm-(2) Test whether n\u2208Z . If yes, then stop as n is composite.\n(3) Compute mod (n,x2\u2212bx\u2212c) . If xn+12\u2209Z/nZ then stop as n is composite.\n(4) Compute mod (n,x2\u2212bx\u2212c) . If xn+1\u2262\u2212c then stop as n is composite.\n(5) Let n2\u22121=2rs with s odd... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache replacement policies-Policies-Cache replacement policies approximating B\u00e9l\u00e1dy's algorithm B\u00e9l\u00e1dy's algorithm is the optimal cache replacement policy, but it requires knowledge of the future to evict lines that will be reused farthest in the future. Multiple replacement policies have been prop... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic variance reduction-Accelerated approaches-Unlike other known accelerated methods, Point-SAGA requires only a single iterate sequence x to be maintained between steps, and it has the advantage of only having a single tunable parameter \u03b3 . It obtains the optimal accelerated rate of convergence for stro... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Test strategy-Test summary-The test strategy must give a clear vision of what the testing team will do for the whole project for the entire duration. This document can be presented to the client, if needed. The person who prepares this document must be functionally strong in the product domain, with very good experien... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Latent Dirichlet allocation-Inference-Alternative approaches Alternative approaches include expectation propagation.Recent research has been focused on speeding up the inference of latent Dirichlet allocation to support the capture of a massive number of topics in a large number of documents. The update equation of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
two factors, itself and 1; composite numbers are divisible by at least three different factors. Using the size of the dot representing an integer to indicate the number of factors and coloring prime numbers red and composite numbers blue produces the figure shown." | large_corpus_distillation |
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