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"Ingleton's inequality-Proof-Theorem (Ingleton's inequality): Let M be a representable matroid with rank function \u03c1 and let X1, X2, X3 and X4 be subsets of the support set of M, denoted by the symbol E(M). Then: \u03c1(X1)+\u03c1(X2)+\u03c1(X1\u222aX2\u222aX3)+\u03c1(X1\u222aX2\u222aX4)+\u03c1(X3\u222aX4) \u2264 \... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lambda calculus-Formal definition-Definition Lambda expressions are composed of: variables v1, v2, ...; the abstraction symbols \u03bb (lambda) and . (dot); parentheses ().The set of lambda expressions, \u039b, can be defined inductively: If x is a variable, then x \u2208 \u039b.\nIf x is a variable and M \u2208 \u039... | large_corpus_distillation |
make distributional assumptions about the data, attempt\ntolearnparametersofthesedistributions,andthenplugtheresultingvaluesintothemodel.\nThediscriminativeapproach\u2014theonetakeninmachinelearning\u2014willbedescribedingreat\ndetailoverthecourseofthissemester. However,thereissomemiddleground,whichisworth\nmentioning ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Moore's law-History-Microprocessor architects report that since around 2010, semiconductor advancement has slowed industry-wide below the pace predicted by Moore's law. Brian Krzanich, the former CEO of Intel, cited Moore's 1975 revision as a precedent for the current deceleration, which results from technical challen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Constrained conditional model-Training paradigms-Learning over latent representations CCMs have also been applied to latent learning frameworks, where the learning problem is defined over a latent representation layer. Since the notion of a correct representation is inherently ill-defined, no gold-standard labeled dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Permutation group-Notation-Permutations are also often written in cycle notation (cyclic form) so that given the set M = {1, 2, 3, 4}, a permutation g of M with g(1) = 2, g(2) = 4, g(4) = 1 and g(3) = 3 will be written as (1, 2, 4)(3), or more commonly, (1, 2, 4) since 3 is left unchanged; if the objects are denoted b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Challenge\u2013response spam filtering-The challenge in challenge\u2013response systems-C/R systems attempt to provide challenges that can be fulfilled easily for legitimate senders and non-easily for spammers. Two characteristics that differ between legitimate senders and spammers are exploited to achieve this goal: ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"History of personal computers-1990s onward-Local area networks The invention in the late 1970s of local area networks (LANs), notably Ethernet, allowed PCs to communicate with each other (peer-to-peer) and with shared printers.\nAs the microcomputer revolution continued, more robust versions of the same technology wer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Negative verb-Uralic languages-Negative Verb - Strategies in clausal negations" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zipf's law-Occurrences-Applications Zipf's law has been used for extraction of parallel fragments of texts out of comparable corpora. Zipf's law has also been used in the search for extraterrestrial intelligence.The frequency-rank word distribution is often characteristic of the author and changes little over time. Th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Jabberwocky sentence-Interest in neurolinguistics-Jabberwocky sentences are of interest in the field of neurolinguistics, because they allow for the study of syntactic processing in the absence of semantic content. A study by Hahne and Jescheniak (2001) demonstrated that test subjects presented with blocks of Jabberwo... | large_corpus_distillation |
, and set and . Run the simulation 100 times and note the\np p\nestimate of and the shape and location of the posterior probability density function of on each run.\nNext let's compute the bias and mean-square error functions.\nn\u2208N\nFor +,\n7.4.3 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/page/10192" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid-Examples-Let G be a connected graph and E be its edge set. Let I be the collection of subsets F of E such that G\u2212F is still connected. Then M\u2217(G) , whose element set is E and with I as its class of independent sets, is a matroid called the bond matroid of G . The rank function r(F) is the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Context-adaptive variable-length coding-Coded elements-Parameters that required to be encoded and transmitted include the following table: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Locally nilpotent derivation-The kernel algorithm-The algebra ker \u2061\u2202 consists of the invariants of the corresponding Ga -action. It is algebraically and factorially closed in A . A special case of Hilbert's 14th problem asks whether ker \u2061\u2202 is finitely generated, or, if A=k[X] , whether the quo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pythagorean addition-Implementation-When x2 overflows, multiply both x and y by a small scaling factor (e.g. 2\u221264 for IEEE single precision), use the naive algorithm which will now not overflow, and multiply the result by the (large) inverse (e.g. 264).\nWhen y2 underflows, scale as above but reverse the scal... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Symmetry of second derivatives-Proof of Clairaut's theorem using iterated integrals-The properties of repeated Riemann integrals of a continuous function F on a compact rectangle [a,b] \u00d7 [c,d] are easily established. The uniform continuity of F implies immediately that the functions g(x)=\u222bcdF(x,y)dy and h(... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Circular prime-Other bases-The complete listing of the smallest representative prime from all known cycles of circular primes in base 12 is (using inverted two and three for ten and eleven, respectively) 2, 3, 5, 7, \u0190, R2, 15, 57, 5\u0190, R3, 117, 11\u0190, 175, 1\u01907, 157\u0190, 555\u0190, R5, 115\u019077, R... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Signcryption-History-The first signcryption scheme was introduced by Yuliang Zheng in 1997. Zheng also proposed an elliptic curve-based signcryption scheme that saves 58% of computational and 40% of communication costs when it is compared with the traditional elliptic curve-based signature-then-encryption schemes. The... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear circuit-Linear and nonlinear components-A linear circuit is one that has no nonlinear electronic components in it. Examples of linear circuits are amplifiers, differentiators, and integrators, linear electronic filters, or any circuit composed exclusively of ideal resistors, capacitors, inductors, op-amps (in t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Randomized weighted majority algorithm-Analysis-Let's say that m is the number of mistakes of the best expert so far. We can use the inequality W\u2265\u03b2m . Now we solve. First, take the natural log of both sides. We get: ln ln ln \u2061(1\u2212(1\u2212\u03b2)Ft) , Simplify: ln \u2061(1\u2212x)=\u2212x\u2212x22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Encyclopedia of Cryptography and Security-Advisory board members-Friedrich Bauer, Technische Universit\u00e4t M\u00fcnchen Gerrit Bleumer, Francotyp-Postalia Dan Boneh, Stanford University Pascale Charpin, INRIA-Rocquencourt Claude Crepeau, McGill University Yvo G. Desmedt, University College London (University of Lon... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest path problem-Longest path problem-In graph theory and theoretical computer science, the longest path problem is the problem of finding a simple path of maximum length in a given graph. A path is called simple if it does not have any repeated vertices; the length of a path may either be measured by its number o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GSM services-Data transmission-General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) The General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is a packet-switched data transmission protocol, which was incorporated into the GSM standard in 1997. It is backwards-compatible with systems that use pre-1997 versions of the standard. GPRS does this by sending... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graphon-Analytic formulation-As a preliminary formalization of this notion of distance, for any pair of graphs G and H on the same vertex set V of size |V|=n , define the labeled cut distance between G and H to be In other words, the labeled cut distance encodes the maximum discrepancy of the edge densities betw... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vector space-Basic constructions-In addition to the above concrete examples, there are a number of standard linear algebraic constructions that yield vector spaces related to given ones. In addition to the definitions given below, they are also characterized by universal properties, which determine an object X by spe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Survival analysis-Introduction to survival analysis-Kaplan\u2013Meier plot for the aml data The survival function S(t), is the probability that a subject survives longer than time t. S(t) is theoretically a smooth curve, but it is usually estimated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier (KM) curve. The graph shows the KM plot fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of C Sharp and Java-Object-oriented programming-Finally blocks Java allows flow of control to leave the finally block of a try statement, regardless of the way it was entered. This can cause another control flow statement (such as return) to be terminated mid-execution. For example: In the above code, the r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fizz buzz-Programming-Fizz buzz (often spelled FizzBuzz in this context) has been used as an interview screening device for computer programmers. Writing a program to output the first 100 FizzBuzz numbers is a relatively trivial problem requiring little more than a loop and conditional statements. However, its value i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial creativity-Definition-The classes of fast nondeterministic recognition algorithms are formalized by Joseph and Young as the sets NP(k) of nondeterministic Turing machine programs p that, for inputs x that they accept, have an accepting path with a number of steps that is at most |p|(|x|k+1) . This notat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dual linear program-The duality theorems-Show a feasible solution to the dual LP with value t; this proves that the optimum is at most t." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coinduction-Description-The Knaster\u2013Tarski theorem tells us that the least fixed-point of F (denoted \u03bcF ) is given by the intersection of all F-closed sets, while the greatest fixed-point (denoted \u03bdF ) is given by the union of all F-consistent sets. We can now state the principles of induction and co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CheiRank-Simple network example-A simple example of the construction of the Google matrices G and G\u2217 , used for determination of the related PageRank and CheiRank vectors, is given below. The directed network example with 7 nodes is shown in Fig.4. The matrix S , built with the rules described in the article G... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bionic (software)-Components-The dynamic linker (and libdl) were written from scratch.\nBionic doesn't include libthread_db (used by gdbserver), but the NDK does. The Android platform includes a statically linked gdbserver, so that developers can use the latest gdb even on old devices.\nThere is no separate libpthread... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IBeacon-IBeacon-iBeacon is a protocol developed by Apple and introduced at the Apple Worldwide Developers Conference in 2013. Various vendors have since made iBeacon-compatible hardware transmitters \u2013 typically called beacons \u2013 a class of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) devices that broadcast their identifier to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Poisson point process-Approximations with Poisson point processes-The tractability of the Poisson process means that sometimes it is convenient to approximate a non-Poisson point process with a Poisson one. The overall aim is to approximate both the number of points of some point process and the location of each point... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the original graph edges, turned by 90\u00b0 clockwise. For a dicut in the given graph, the duals of the edges that cross the dicut form a directed cycle in the dual graph, and vice versa.A dijoin can be defined as a set of edges that crosses all dicuts; when the edges of a dijoin are contracted, the result is a st... | large_corpus_distillation |
Q4, the difference of the naive Pearson sums of (OBS \u2212 EXP)2 / EXP on counts for 5- and 4-letter cell counts." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Legendre polynomials-Orthogonality and completeness-The standardization Pn(1)=1 fixes the normalization of the Legendre polynomials (with respect to the L2 norm on the interval \u22121 \u2264 x \u2264 1). Since they are also orthogonal with respect to the same norm, the two statements can be combined into the single ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Morse code-International Morse code-While voice and data transmissions are limited to specific amateur radio bands under U.S. rules, Morse code is permitted on all amateur bands \u2014 LF, MF, HF, VHF, and UHF. In some countries, certain portions of the amateur radio bands are reserved for transmission of Morse code s... | large_corpus_distillation |
edges connect leaves to their parents, and when there are two at the same parent they can be merged, keeping the red degree at most two.More generally, the following classes of graphs have bounded twin-width, and a contraction sequence of bounded width can be found for them in polynomial time: Every graph of bounded cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the notational hierarchy of this consonant are explained below: " | large_corpus_distillation |
"MultiOTP-History-Version 3.9.2 of 25 October 2011 is the version that was released for the workshop about integrating strong authentication in Internet applications. This workshop was presented during the Application Security Forum - Western Switzerland 2011 in Yverdon-les-Bains (Switzerland). The library has also bee... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Affine cipher-Example-The final step in encrypting the message is to look up each numeric value in the table for the corresponding letters. In this example, the encrypted text would be IHHWVCSWFRCP. The table below shows the completed table for encrypting a message in the Affine cipher.\nDecryption In this decryption ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Troubleshooting-Intermittent symptoms-Nevertheless, sometimes troubleshooters must resort to statistical methods ... and can only find procedures to increase the symptom's occurrence to a point at which serial substitution or some other technique is feasible. In such cases, even when the symptom seems to disappear for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social distance-Dimensions-Interactive social distance: Focuses on the frequency and intensity of interactions between two groups, claiming that the more the members of two groups interact, the closer they are socially. This conception is similar to the approaches in sociological network theory, where the frequency of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Degeneracy (graph theory)-Algorithms-Matula & Beck (1983) outline an algorithm to derive the degeneracy ordering of a graph G=(V,E) with vertex set V and edge set E in O(|V|+|E|) time and O(|V|) words of space, by storing vertices in a degree-indexed bucket queue and repeatedly removing the vertex with the smallest... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Entropic security-Entropic security-It is well known that certain types of encryption algorithm cannot satisfy definitions such as semantic security: for example, deterministic encryption algorithms can never be semantically secure. Entropic security definitions relax these definitions to cases where the message space... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Type system-Fundamentals-A programming language compiler can also implement a dependent type or an effect system, which enables even more program specifications to be verified by a type checker. Beyond simple value-type pairs, a virtual \"region\" of code is associated with an \"effect\" component describing what is b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Centipede game-Empirical results-Preference Based explanation One reason people may deviate from equilibrium behavior is if some are altruistic. The basic idea is that you have a certain probability at each game to play against an altruistic agent and if this probability is high enough, you should defect on the last r... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed version control-Work model-This arrangement, however, can be difficult to maintain, resulting in many projects choosing to shift to a paradigm in which one contributor is the universal \"upstream\", a repository from whom changes are almost always pulled. Under this paradigm, development is somewhat recent... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Long division-Algorithm for arbitrary base-Every natural number n can be uniquely represented in an arbitrary number base b>1 as a sequence of digits n=\u03b10\u03b11\u03b12...\u03b1k\u22121 where 0\u2264\u03b1i<b for all 0\u2264i<k , where k is the number of digits in n . The value of n in terms of its digits... | large_corpus_distillation |
"4.3 \u2022 Fitting Linear Models to Data 375\nFigure2\nFinding the Line of Best Fit\nOnce we recognize a need for a linear function to model that data, the natural follow-up question is \u201cwhat is that linear\nfunction?\u201d One way to approximate our linear function is to sketch the line that seems to best fit th... | large_corpus_distillation |
study. Important features of natural language syntax such as agreement and reference are not part of the context-free grammar, but the basic recursive structure of sentences, the way in which clauses nest inside other clauses, and the way in which lists of adjectives and adverbs are swallowed by nouns and verbs, is des... | large_corpus_distillation |
the number of games in the series, the more the series favors the stronger player (the one with the larger game probability).\nLet N n denote the number of trials in the series. Then N n has probability density function\nk\u22121\nP(N =k)=( )[pn(1\u2212p)k\u2212n+(1\u2212p)npk\u2212n], k\u2208{n,n+1,\u2026,2n\u22121} (... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quartile-Quartile-In statistics, a quartile is a type of quantile which divides the number of data points into four parts, or quarters, of more-or-less equal size. The data must be ordered from smallest to largest to compute quartiles; as such, quartiles are a form of order statistic. The three main quartiles are as f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Asymptotic equipartition property-Category theory-The above requires a definition of asymptotic equivalence. This is given in terms of a distance function, giving how much an injective correspondence differs from an isomorphism. An injective correspondence \u03c0:P\u2192Q is a partially defined map that is a bijectio... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Corpus linguistics-Corpus linguistics-Corpora have not only been used for linguistics research, they have also been used to compile dictionaries (starting with The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language in 1969) and grammar guides, such as A Comprehensive Grammar of the English Language, published in 198... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data conversion-Open vs. secret specifications-Successful data conversion requires thorough knowledge of the workings of both source and target formats. In the case where the specification of a format is unknown, reverse engineering will be needed to carry out conversion. Reverse engineering can achieve close approxim... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Parsing-Human languages-Most modern parsers are at least partly statistical; that is, they rely on a corpus of training data which has already been annotated (parsed by hand). This approach allows the system to gather information about the frequency with which various constructions occur in specific contexts. (See mac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Mutual exclusivity-Mutual exclusivity-In logic and probability theory, two events (or propositions) are mutually exclusive or disjoint if they cannot both occur at the same time. A clear example is the set of outcomes of a single coin toss, which can result in either heads or tails, but not both." | large_corpus_distillation |
"RC4-Description-for i from 0 to 255 S[i] := i endfor j := 0 for i from 0 to 255 j := (j + S[i] + key[i mod keylength]) mod 256 swap values of S[i] and S[j] endfor Pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA) For as many iterations as are needed, the PRGA modifies the state and outputs a byte of the keystream. In each ite... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Reflective programming-Uses-In some object-oriented programming languages such as C# and Java, reflection can be used to bypass member accessibility rules. For C#-properties this can be achieved by writing directly onto the (usually invisible) backing field of a non-public property. It is also possible to find non-pub... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Information-theoretic security-Physical layer encryption-It has been shown that by using a parasitic array, the transmitted modulation in different directions could be controlled independently.\nSecrecy could be realized by making the modulations in undesired directions difficult to decode. Directional modulation data... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dividing a circle into areas-Solution-In this example, the lines to i = 1 and i = 4 each cross zero lines, while the lines to i = 2 and i = 3 each cross two lines (there are two points on one side and one on the other).\nSo the recurrence can be expressed as f(n)=f(n\u22121)+\u2211i=1n\u22121(1+(n\u2212i\u22121)(i\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Standard score-Applications-Comparison of scores measured on different scales: ACT and SAT When scores are measured on different scales, they may be converted to z-scores to aid comparison. Dietz et al. give the following example, comparing student scores on the (old) SAT and ACT high school tests. The table shows the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Drank (soft drink)-Drank (soft drink)-Drank is a soft drink sold in the United States and Canada. It is marketed as an \"Anti-Energy\" drink which causes relaxation as opposed to a sugar or caffeine jolt.Drank contains three active ingredients: melatonin, rose hip, and valerian root.Drank's slogan is \"Slow Your Roll\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Control flow-Primitives-Labels A label is an explicit name or number assigned to a fixed position within the source code, and which may be referenced by control flow statements appearing elsewhere in the source code. A label marks a position within source code and has no other effect." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache-oblivious algorithm-Cache-oblivious algorithm-Optimal cache-oblivious algorithms are known for matrix multiplication, matrix transposition, sorting, and several other problems. Some more general algorithms, such as Cooley\u2013Tukey FFT, are optimally cache-oblivious under certain choices of parameters. As these... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matrix norm-\"Entry-wise\" matrix norms-These norms treat an m\u00d7n matrix as a vector of size m\u22c5n , and use one of the familiar vector norms. For example, using the p-norm for vectors, p \u2265 1, we get: \u2016A\u2016p,p=\u2016vec(A)\u2016p=(\u2211i=1m\u2211j=1n|aij|p)1/p This is a different norm from the i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Combinatory categorial grammar-Formal properties-CCGs are known to be able to generate the language anbncndn:n\u22650 (which is a non-context-free indexed language). A grammar for this language can be found in Vijay-Shanker and Weir (1994).Vijay-Shanker and Weir (1994) demonstrates that Linear Indexed Grammars, Combi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Samplesort-Efficient Implementation of Samplesort-As described above, the samplesort algorithm splits the elements according to the selected splitters. An efficient implementation strategy is proposed in the paper \"Super Scalar Sample Sort\". The implementation proposed in the paper uses two arrays of size n (the or... | large_corpus_distillation |
p . The sets Qp and Zp are the field of p-adic numbers and ring of p-adic integers respectively." | large_corpus_distillation |
(3.5.10)\n|w|\n|a|\n=sin(12\u2218) (3.5.11)\n|w|\n|b|=|w|cos(12\u2218) (3.5.12)\n3.5.7 https://math.libretexts.org/@go/page/7115" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Deming regression-Specification-Assume that the available data (yi, xi) are measured observations of the \"true\" values (yi*, xi*), which lie on the regression line: yi=yi\u2217+\u03b5i,xi=xi\u2217+\u03b7i, where errors \u03b5 and \u03b7 are independent and the ratio of their variances is assumed to be known: \u03b4=... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Java performance-Virtual machine optimization methods-A method named split-time verification, first introduced in the Java Platform, Micro Edition (J2ME), is used in the JVM since Java version 6. It splits the verification of Java bytecode in two phases: Design-time \u2013 when compiling a class from source to bytecod... | large_corpus_distillation |
environment because his or her parents' genetic make-up makes them likely to choose or create such an environment. In evocative genetic-environmental correlation, the child's genetically produced characteristics cause other people to respond in certain ways, providing a different environment than might occur for a gene... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Handle (computing)-Handle (computing)-A resource handle can be an opaque identifier, in which case it is often an integer number (often an array index in an array or \"table\" that is used to manage that type of resource), or it can be a pointer that allows access to further information. Common resource handles includ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Source code escrow-Escrow agreements-They circumscribe the rights obtained by the licensee with respect to the source code after the release of the software. These rights are generally limited and may include the right to modify the source code for the purpose of fixing errors, or the right to continue independent dev... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache coherency protocols (examples)-Snoopy coherency protocol-Cache operations The cache operations are: Read Hit Read Miss Write Hit Write MissRead Hit\u2013 Data is read from cache. The state is unchanged \u2013 Warning: since this is an obvious operation, afterwards it will not be more considered, also in state tr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lottery mathematics-Odds of getting other possibilities in choosing 6 from 49-One must divide the number of combinations producing the given result by the total number of possible combinations (for example, 49 13 983 816 ). The numerator equates to the number of ways to select the winning numbers multiplied by the nu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ambivalence-Antecedents of ambivalence-Behavioral indicators Researchers have sought to understand the relationship between objective and subjective ambivalence. Thompson and his colleagues argue that people with positive and negative evaluations which are of similar magnitude (e.g., +4 and -3) should experience more ... | large_corpus_distillation |
by their morphology as pyramidal, spindle, or multipolar." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subtyping-Subtyping schemes-In almost all type systems that define a subtyping relation, it is reflexive (meaning A <: A for any type A) and transitive (meaning that if A <: B and B <: C then A <: C). This makes it a preorder on types." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Input/output automaton-Examples-In a typical distributed system where both process automata and communication channel automata exist, they are composed in a way that output actions of one automaton are matched and executed with identically-named input actions of the other automata. For example, consider a system compo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bias\u2013variance tradeoff-Bias\u2013variance decomposition of mean squared error-Derivation The derivation of the bias\u2013variance decomposition for squared error proceeds as follows. For notational convenience, we abbreviate f=f(x) , f^=f^(x;D) and we drop the D subscript on our expectation operators." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal Disk Format-Specifications-The UDF standard defines three file system variations, called \"builds\". These are: Plain (Random Read/Write Access). This is the original format supported in all UDF revisions Virtual Allocation Table a.k.a. VAT (Incremental Writing). Used specifically for writing to write-once m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"De Bruijn sequence-Uses-Brute-force attacks on locks A de Bruijn sequence can be used to shorten a brute-force attack on a PIN-like code lock that does not have an \"enter\" key and accepts the last n digits entered. For example, a digital door lock with a 4-digit code (each digit having 10 possibilities, from 0 to 9)... | large_corpus_distillation |
__STDC_VERSION__ is defined as 201710L.\nC23 C23 is the informal name for the next (after C17) major C language standard revision. It is expected to be published in 2024.\nEmbedded C Historically, embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such as fixed-... | large_corpus_distillation |
Source feature, and the port and merge of the GCC stack-protector feature." | large_corpus_distillation |
(for example, the original 6502 chip contained a PLA to direct various operations of the processor)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Filename-Number of names per file-Unix-like file systems allow a file to have more than one name; in traditional Unix-style file systems, the names are hard links to the file's inode or equivalent. Windows supports hard links on NTFS file systems, and provides the command fsutil in Windows XP, and mklink in later vers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Changelog-Changelog-A changelog is a log or record of all notable changes made to a project. The project is often a website or software project, and the changelog usually includes records of changes such as bug fixes, new features, etc. Some open-source projects include a changelog as one of the top-level files in the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stack (C++)-Software stacks-The following is an example of manipulating a stack in Common Lisp (\">\" is the Lisp interpreter's prompt; lines not starting with \">\" are the interpreter's responses to expressions): Several of the C++ Standard Library container types have push_back and pop_back operations with LIFO sem... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weak component-Algorithms-If the stack is still non-empty, and some sources of its top weak component are not hit by edges from S , again pop that component from the stack." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kernel (algebra)-Survey of examples-Since f is a function, the elements of the form (m, m) must belong to the kernel. The homomorphism f is injective if and only if its kernel is only the diagonal set {(m, m) : m in M} .\nIt turns out that ker f is an equivalence relation on M, and in fact a congruence relation. Thus,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rolling hash-Computational complexity-All rolling hash functions can be computed in time linear in the number of characters and updated in constant time when characters are shifted by one position. In particular, computing the Rabin-Karp rolling hash of a string of length k requires O(k) modular arithmetic operation... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Truncated binary encoding-Truncated binary encoding-Truncated binary encoding assigns the first u symbols codewords of length k and then assigns the remaining n \u2212 u symbols the last n \u2212 u codewords of length k + 1. Because all the codewords of length k + 1 consist of an unassigned codeword of length k with a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ExFAT-Features-Other specifications, features, and requirements of the exFAT file system include: Scalability to large disk sizes: about 128 PB (257 \u2212 1 bytes) maximum, 512 TB (249 \u2212 1 bytes) recommended maximum, raised from the 32-bit limit (2 TB for a sector size of 512 bytes) of standard FAT32 partitions.... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Flood control-Structural methods-Some methods of flood control have been practiced since ancient times. These methods include planting vegetation to retain extra water, terracing hillsides to slow flow downhill, and the construction of floodways (man-made channels to divert floodwater). Other techniques include the co... | large_corpus_distillation |
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