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"Return-oriented programming-Defenses-Against return-oriented rootkits In 2010, Jinku Li et al. proposed that a suitably modified compiler could completely eliminate return-oriented \"gadgets\" by replacing each call f with the instruction sequence pushl $index; jmp f and each ret with the instruction sequence popl %re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Polynomial greatest common divisor-Pseudo-remainder sequences-The number of digits of the coefficients of the successive remainders is more than doubled at each iteration of the algorithm. This is typical behavior of the trivial pseudo-remainder sequences.\nPrimitive pseudo-remainder sequence The primitive pseudo-rema... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic differentiation-Automatic differentiation using dual numbers-Vector arguments and functions Multivariate functions can be handled with the same efficiency and mechanisms as univariate functions by adopting a directional derivative operator. That is, if it is sufficient to compute y\u2032=\u2207f(x)\u22c5x\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Compact Muon Solenoid-Collecting and collating the data-If an event is passed by the Level 1 trigger all the data still buffered in the detector is sent over fibre-optic links to the \"High Level\" trigger, which is software (mainly written in C++) running on ordinary computer servers. The lower event rate in the High... | large_corpus_distillation |
copies of the message in the hope that one will succeed in reaching its destination. This is feasible only on networks with large amounts of local storage and internode bandwidth relative to the expected traffic. In many common problem spaces, this inefficiency is outweighed by the increased efficiency and shortened de... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Interval scheduling-Interval scheduling-In an upgraded version of the problem, the intervals are partitioned into groups. A subset of intervals is compatible if no two intervals overlap, and moreover, no two intervals belong to the same group (i.e., the subset contains at most a single representative of each group). E... | large_corpus_distillation |
of the data; any further reads of that data item will return the same valueEventual consistency is sometimes criticized as increasing the complexity of distributed software applications. This is partly because eventual consistency is purely a liveness guarantee (reads eventually return the same value) and does not guar... | large_corpus_distillation |
"SHA-2-Comparison of SHA functions-In the table below, internal state means the \"internal hash sum\" after each compression of a data block.\nIn the bitwise operations column, \"Rot\" stands for rotate no carry, and \"Shr\" stands for right logical shift. All of these algorithms employ modular addition in some fashion... | large_corpus_distillation |
number u in [0,1] and let p \u2190 p \u00d7 u.\nwhile p > L.\nreturn k \u2212 1.\nThe complexity is linear in the returned value k, which is \u03bb on average. There are many other algorithms to improve this. Some are given in Ahrens & Dieter, see \u00a7 References below." | large_corpus_distillation |
"ASTM E1714-Patient confidentiality and access security-Dissidentifiable: EUHID supports multiple encryption schemes offering multiple EUHIDs to prevent revealing the identification of the individual. Public: The EUHID's encryption scheme is intended to hide the identity of individual when linking information. However... | large_corpus_distillation |
It has been found that weight discrimination deteriorates if objects are lighter than their expected density, or heavier than their expected density. Models of this type can account for perceptual rescaling without involving the manner of lifting." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Algebraic Petri net-Algebraic Petri net-The axiomatization (Axioms in the example below) which gives the semantics of the operations described in the signature part.The following picture describes an algebraic Petri net model of the \"dining philosophers problem\". There are two AADT in this model, one for the forks a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Runtime error detection-Runtime error detection-Runtime error detection is a software verification method that analyzes a software application as it executes and reports defects that are detected during that execution. It can be applied during unit testing, component testing, integration testing, system testing (autom... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Student's t-distribution-Uses-Confidence intervals Suppose the number A is so chosen that Pr 0.9 , when T has a t-distribution with n \u2212 1 degrees of freedom. By symmetry, this is the same as saying that A satisfies Pr 0.95 , so A is the \"95th percentile\" of this probability distribution, or 0.05 ,n\u22121) . T... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Full-text search-The precision vs. recall tradeoff-Recall measures the quantity of relevant results returned by a search, while precision is the measure of the quality of the results returned. Recall is the ratio of relevant results returned to all relevant results. Precision is the ratio of the number of relevant res... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexis (linguistics)-Context and co-text-The study of corpus linguistics provides us with many insights into the real nature of language, as shown above. In essence, the lexical corpus seems to be built on the premise that language use is best approached as an assembly process, whereby the brain links together ready-ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Text annotation-Functions and applications-Linguistic annotation comes with an independent research tradition and its own terminology: The target of an annotation is usually referred to as a 'markable', the body of the annotation as 'annotation', the relation between annotation and markable is usually expressed in the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vector overlay-Vector overlay-Overlay is based on the fundamental principle of geography known as areal integration, in which different topics (say, climate, topography, and agriculture) can be directly compared based on a common location. It is also based on the mathematics of set theory and point-set topology.\nThe ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Y is a Gaussian process, since finite, linear combinations of variables in Y reduce to finite, linear combinations of variables in X.\nNext, E(Y t )=tE(X 1/t )=0 for t>0, and for s, t>0 with s<t,\n1\ncov(Y ,Y)=cov(sX ,tX )=stcov(X ,X )=st =s (18.1.10)\ns t 1/s 1/t 1/s 1/t t\nSince t\u21a6X t is continuous on [0,\u221e)... | large_corpus_distillation |
p, forwhichnodataarecollected.However,giventheotherdatavaluesandthegraphshown,itseems\nreasonablethatthenumberofunitssold(inthousands)ifthepricechargedis p dollarsmaybeclosetothevaluespredicted\nby the linear function n=\u22121.04p+26.\nFigure 1.20 The data collected for the number of items sold as a function of\nprice... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Block (periodic table)-Characteristics-p-block The p-block, with the p standing for \"principal\" and azimuthal quantum number 1, is on the right side of the standard periodic table and encompasses elements in groups 13 to 18. Their general electronic configuration is ns2 np1\u20136. Helium, though being the first ele... | large_corpus_distillation |
deal with equal elements, use other sorting algorithms such as insertion sort for small arrays, and so on. In pseudocode, a quicksort that sorts elements at lo through hi (inclusive) of an array A can be expressed as: // Sorts a (portion of an) array, divides it into partitions, then sorts those algorithm quicksort(A, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ML (programming language)-Examples-This implementation of reverse, while correct and clear, is inefficient, requiring quadratic time for execution. The function can be rewritten to execute in linear time: This function is an example of parametric polymorphism. That is, it can consume lists whose elements have any type... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Counting points on elliptic curves-Approaches to counting points on elliptic curves-There are several approaches to the problem. Beginning with the naive approach, we trace the developments up to Schoof's definitive work on the subject, while also listing the improvements to Schoof's algorithm made by Elkies (1990) an... | large_corpus_distillation |
"File Control Block-File Control Block-A File Control Block (FCB) is a file system structure in which the state of an open file is maintained. A FCB is managed by the operating system, but it resides in the memory of the program that uses the file, not in operating system memory. This allows a process to have as many f... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Conditional probability distribution-Conditional probability distribution-In probability theory and statistics, given two jointly distributed random variables X and Y , the conditional probability distribution of Y given X is the probability distribution of Y when X is known to be a particular value; in some cas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Map series-Current map series-In most European countries, the largest scale topographic map series is a 1:25.000 scale series. Notable exceptions are Austria (1:50,000) and Finland (1:20,000).\nMany non-European states limit the largest scale of their map series, usually to 1:50,000 scale, frequently due to the large ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dubins\u2013Spanier theorems-Statements-If all value measures Vi are countably-additive and nonatomic, then: M is a compact set; M is a convex set.This was already proved by Dvoretzky, Wald, and Wolfowitz." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Churning (cipher)-Triple churning-Due to extreme weakness of the churning cipher, PON systems frequently use the \"triple churning\" technique, where the three churning operations are combined with two XORs with adjacent data in the stream." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Modular scheduling-Specific implementations-Each also has a certain number of free mods each day to eat, study, do homework, work in the library, or socialize. As the choice of classes becomes more open to each student, free mods become more abundant. A typical student would have between 21 and 40 free mods a cycle, d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic encryption-Homomorphic encryption-Homomorphic encryption eliminates the need for processing data in the clear, thereby preventing attacks that would enable a hacker to access that data while it is being processed, using privilege escalation.For sensitive data, such as health care information, homomorphic e... | large_corpus_distillation |
and output productions. A test is like a bool in other languages, success being true and failure being false.\nDefining a programming language analytically top down is natural. For example, a program could be defined as: program = $declaration; Defining a program as a sequence of zero or more declaration(s)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tonelli\u2013Shanks algorithm-The algorithm-Operations and comparisons on elements of the multiplicative group of integers modulo p Z/pZ are implicitly mod p." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Subset sum problem-Polynomial time approximation algorithms-Suppose all inputs are positive. An approximation algorithm to SSP aims to find a subset of S with a sum of at most T and at least r times the optimal sum, where r is a number in (0,1) called the approximation ratio." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Personalized search-Models-Recent paper \u201cSearch personalization with embeddings\u201d shows that a new embedding model for search personalization, where users are embedded on a topical interest space, produces better search results than strong learning-to-rank models." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Constraint inference-Constraint inference-In constraint satisfaction, constraint inference is a relationship between constraints and their consequences. A set of constraints D entails a constraint C if every solution to D is also a solution to C . In other words, if V is a valuation of the variables in the scopes... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Original Software-Original Software-Original Software is a privately held company providing automatic software testing products and services." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuous uniform distribution-Statistical inference-Estimation of parameters Estimation of maximum Minimum-variance unbiased estimator Given a uniform distribution on [0,b] with unknown b, the minimum-variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE) for the maximum is: UMVU =k+1km=m+mk, where m is the sample maximum and k is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pocklington's algorithm-Examples-And similarly 299 mod 17 156 mod 17 ) such that 68 mod 17 42 mod 17 ).\nSince t8=0 , the equation 13 13 mod 17 ) which leads to solving the equation mod 17 ) . This has solution mod 17 ) . Indeed, 64 13 mod 17 ) " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stratified randomization-Stratified random assignment-Minimization method In order to guarantee the similarity of each treatment group, the \"minimization\" method attempts are made, which is more direct than random permuted block within strats. In the minimization method, samples in each stratum are assigned to treat... | large_corpus_distillation |
x is missed while y is larger than its median is very small, and the Sauer\u2013Shelah lemma (applied to x\u222ay ) shows that only a small number of distinct events E need to be considered, so by the union bound, with nonzero probability, x is an \u03b5 -net.In turn, \u03b5 -nets and \u03b5 -approximations, and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Optimal control-Discrete-time optimal control-The examples thus far have shown continuous time systems and control solutions. In fact, as optimal control solutions are now often implemented digitally, contemporary control theory is now primarily concerned with discrete time systems and solutions. The Theory of Consist... | large_corpus_distillation |
umpire, equipped with a television monitor, whose assistance the two on-field umpires can seek when in doubt.\nThrough the gate \"bowled through the gate\": dismissed with a ball that passes between the bat and the pads before hitting the wicket.\nThrowing of a bowler, an illegal bowling action in which the arm is stra... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Expectation\u2013maximization algorithm-Filtering and smoothing EM algorithms-The convergence of parameter estimates such as those above are well studied." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consensus (computer science)-Problem description-Termination Eventually, every correct process decides some value." | large_corpus_distillation |
"English punctuation-Usage of different punctuation marks or symbols-Question marks, exclamation points, semicolons and colons are placed inside the quotation marks when they apply only to the quoted material; if they syntactically apply to the sentence containing or introducing the material, they are placed outside th... | large_corpus_distillation |
(e.g., the reward system and drug addiction). In addition, quantitative meta-analyses are important to move beyond idiosyncrasies of individual studies, and neurodevelopmental investigations can contribute to our understanding of brain-behavior associations. The two most popular forms of methods used in social neurosci... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Estimation theory-Examples-Maximum likelihood Continuing the example using the maximum likelihood estimator, the probability density function (pdf) of the noise for one sample w[n] is exp \u2061(\u221212\u03c32w[n]2) and the probability of x[n] becomes ( x[n] can be thought of a N(A,\u03c32) exp \u2061(\u221212\u03... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coffee Lake-List of 8th generation Coffee Lake processors-Coffee Lake-S (Desktop processors) These processors mark the first time that Intel has released mainstream consumer CPUs that support up to 128GB RAM.\n* various reviews show that the Core i7-8700K CPU may consume over 110W under load.\nCoffee Lake-E (Workstati... | large_corpus_distillation |
nonlinear equation, then the model is known as a nonlinear model.Linear structure implies that a problem can be decomposed into simpler parts that can be treated independently and/or analyzed at a different scale and the results obtained will remain valid for the initial problem when recomposed and rescaled.Nonlinearit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Impulse excitation technique-Accuracy and uncertainty-The most important parameters to define the measurement uncertainty are the mass and dimensions of the sample. Therefore, each parameter has to be measured (and prepared) to a level of accuracy of 0.1%. Especially, the sample thickness is most critical (third power... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Whirlpool (hash function)-Internal structure-The Whirlpool hash function is a Merkle\u2013Damg\u00e5rd construction based on an AES-like block cipher W in Miyaguchi\u2013Preneel mode.The block cipher W consists of an 8\u00d78 state matrix S of bytes, for a total of 512 bits." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Marginal distribution-Marginal distribution vs. conditional distribution-The marginal distribution can be used to determine how many students scored 20 or below: 200 200 10 200 , meaning 10 students or 5%.\nThe conditional distribution can be used to determine the probability that a student that studied 60 minutes or... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Character (computing)-Character (computing)-Historically, the term character was used to denote a specific number of contiguous bits. While a character is most commonly assumed to refer to 8 bits (one byte) today, other options like the 6-bit character code were once popular, and the 5-bit Baudot code has been used in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hrushovski construction-The construction-Let L be a finite relational language. Fix C a class of finite L-structures which are closed under isomorphisms and substructures. We want to strengthen the notion of substructure; let \u2264 be a relation on pairs from C satisfying: A\u2264B implies A\u2286B.\nA\u2286B\u2286... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unit testing-Applications-Extreme programming uses the creation of unit tests for test-driven development. The developer writes a unit test that exposes either a software requirement or a defect. This test will fail because either the requirement isn't implemented yet, or because it intentionally exposes a defect in t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Central processing unit-History-Previous generations of CPUs were implemented as discrete components and numerous small integrated circuits (ICs) on one or more circuit boards. Microprocessors, on the other hand, are CPUs manufactured on a very small number of ICs; usually just one. The overall smaller CPU size, as a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid-Basic constructions-Duality If M is a finite matroid, we can define the orthogonal or dual matroid M* by taking the same underlying set and calling a set a basis in M* if and only if its complement is a basis in M. It is not difficult to verify that M* is a matroid and that the dual of M* is M.The dual can be ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"EFF DES cracker-EFF DES cracker-In cryptography, the EFF DES cracker (nicknamed \"Deep Crack\") is a machine built by the Electronic Frontier Foundation (EFF) in 1998, to perform a brute force search of the Data Encryption Standard (DES) cipher's key space \u2013 that is, to decrypt an encrypted message by trying ever... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Task parallelism-Description-In a multiprocessor system, task parallelism is achieved when each processor executes a different thread (or process) on the same or different data. The threads may execute the same or different code. In the general case, different execution threads communicate with one another as they wor... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Telegraph code-Comparison of codes-Comparison of dot-dash codes Table 3 notes When used with a printing telegraph or siphon recorder, the \"dashes\" of dot-dash codes are often made the same length as the \"dot\". Typically, the mark on the tape for a dot is made above the mark for a dash. An example of this can be se... | large_corpus_distillation |
by F. Thomas Farrell and Sayed K. Roushon.The Whitehead group of the cyclic groups of orders 2, 3, 4, and 6 are trivial.The Whitehead group of the cyclic group of order 5 is Z . This was proved in 1940 by Graham Higman. An example of a non-trivial unit in the group ring arises from the identity (1\u2212t\u2212t4)(1\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stanford MIPS-Stanford MIPS-The MIPS ISA was based on a 32-bit word. It supported 32-bit addressing, and was word-addressed. It was a load/store architecture\u2014all references to memory used load and store instructions that copied data between the main memory and 32 general-purpose registers (GPRs). All other instru... | large_corpus_distillation |
on present as well as past inputs to generate any output. Examples \u2013 Flip-flops, Counters." | large_corpus_distillation |
of the paired samples and differences in the footprint sizes of the two instruments.\nSince retrievals will be biased towards more common states, however, the statistics ought to reflect those in the real world.\nError characterization The conditional probabilities, P(y\u2192|j) , provide excellent error characterizat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transcode (character encoding)-Transcode (character encoding)-Transcode is a six-bit character code. It relates to IBM's punched card code but, like EBCDIC, it is not BCD. Its 64 values consist of the 26 uppercase letters, 10 numbers, 11 symbols, space, and 16 control characters. Its 48 printable characters are ABCDEF... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Median mechanism-Median mechanism-An important feature of the median mechanism is that it is truthful: if the utility of each voter is higher whenever the chosen value is closer to his ideal value, then an optimal strategy for each voter is to declare his true ideal value, regardless of what other voters say. This is ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"PageRank-Algorithm-A probability is expressed as a numeric value between 0 and 1. A 0.5 probability is commonly expressed as a \"50% chance\" of something happening. Hence, a document with a PageRank of 0.5 means there is a 50% chance that a person clicking on a random link will be directed to said document." | large_corpus_distillation |
"KSnapshot-Releases-The KDE Applications Bundle is released every four months and has bugfix releases in each intervening month. A date-based version scheme is used, which is composed of the year and month. A third digit is used for bugfix releases.With the April 2021 release, the KDE Applications Bundle has been renam... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Experimental uncertainty analysis-Discussion-Details concerning the difference between the variance and the mean-squared error (MSe) have been skipped. Essentially, the MSe estimates the variability about the true (but unknown) mean of a distribution. This variability is composed of (1) the variability about the actua... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Robust collaborative filtering-Introduction-Random attacks insert profiles that give random ratings to a subset of items; average attacks give mean rating of each item. Bandwagon and segment-focused attacks are newer and more sophisticated attack model. Bandwagon attack profiles give random rating to a subset of items... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Transaction processing-Description-For example, consider a typical banking transaction that involves moving $700 from a customer's savings account to a customer's checking account. This transaction involves at least two separate operations in computer terms: debiting the savings account by $700, and crediting the chec... | large_corpus_distillation |
"6.867 Machine learning, lecture 16 (Jaakkola) 3\nEM theory\nLet\u2019s understand the EM-algorithm a bit better in a context of a general mixture model of\nthe form\nm\n\ufffd\nP (x; \u03b8) = P (j)P (x|\u03b8 ) (5)\nj\nj=1\nwhere \u03b8 collects together both {P (j)} and {\u03b8 }. The goal is the maximize the log-li... | large_corpus_distillation |
"AES implementations-Libraries-Rijndael is free for any use public or private, commercial or non-commercial. The authors of Rijndael used to provide a homepage for the algorithm. Care should be taken when implementing AES in software, in particular around side-channel attacks.\nThe algorithm operates on plaintext block... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Apotomo-Usage-A dummy of how your <<Widget_name>>.rb file could look like: The text inside << >> can be replaced with the appropriate names and events as desired by the user and required as per the application. Do not use the << >> when replacing with the original text." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multitenancy-Economics of multitenancy-At the same time, multitenancy increases the risks and impacts inherent in applying a new release version. As there is a single software instance serving multiple tenants, an update on this instance may cause downtime for all tenants even if the update is requested and useful for... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LEPOR-Design-LEPOR is designed with the factors of enhanced length penalty, precision, n-gram word order penalty, and recall. The enhanced length penalty ensures that the hypothesis translation, which is usually translated by machine translation systems, is punished if it is longer or shorter than the reference transl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Free surface effect-Mitigation-To mitigate this hazard, cargo vessels use multiple smaller bulk compartments or liquid tanks, instead of fewer larger ones, and possibly baffles within bulk compartments or liquid tanks to minimize the free surface effects on the craft as a whole. Keeping individual bulk compartments or... | large_corpus_distillation |
such as in wireless connectivity tight security, as the devices are vulnerable to software attacks; authentication and challenges are made part of the specifications " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Denominal verb-English-Some common denominalizing affixes in English are -ize/-ise (e.g., summarize), -ify (e.g., classify), -ate (e.g., granulate), en- (e.g., enslave), be- (e.g., behead), and zero or -\u2205 (e.g., school).A variety of semantic relations are expressed between the base noun X and the derived verb. Al... | large_corpus_distillation |
constraints.Managed security services (MSS) are also considered the systematic approach to managing an organization's security needs. The services may be conducted in-house or outsourced to a service provider that oversees other companies' network and information system security. Functions of a managed security service... | large_corpus_distillation |
limited to 2G or 4G file sizes on 32 bit systems which will cause errors when serving large requests." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carry flag-Uses-Another example may be an 8-bit register with the bit pattern 01010101 and the carry flag set; if we execute a rotate left through carry instruction, the result would be 10101011 with the carry flag cleared because the most significant bit (bit 7) was rotated into the carry while the carry was rotated ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Concurrent hash table-Concurrent hashing-further describe a table access scheme based on cuckoo hashing that is not only concurrent, but also keeps the space efficiency of its hashing function while also improving cache locality as well as the throughput of insertions." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Integer programming-Algorithms-Exact algorithms for a small number of variables Suppose A is an m-by-n integer matrix and b is an m-by-1 integer vector. We focus on the feasibility problem, which is to decide whether there exists an n-by-1 vector x satisfying Ax\u2264b Let V be the maximum absolute value of the co... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth-Technical information-The Link Manager Protocol basically consists of several PDUs (Protocol Data Units) that are sent from one device to another. The following is a list of supported services: Transmission and reception of data.\nName request Request of the link addresses.\nEstablishment of the connection.\... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Burroughs B6x00-7x00 instruction set-Literal operators-LT48 Load following code word onto top of stack LT16 Set top of stack to following 16 bits in code stream LT8 Set top of stack to following code syllable ZERO Shortcut for LT48 0 ONE Shortcut for LT48 1 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Market intelligence-Gathering market intelligence data-The gathering of MI data is different dependent on an organization's financial capabilities. Sources of data and information is separated into qualitative, quantitative, formal, informal, published and unpublished. With such sources being retrieved both internally... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nuclear structure-Models-In principle, the number of quantum states available for a single nucleon at a finite energy is finite, say n. The number of nucleons in the nucleus must be smaller than the number of available states, otherwise the nucleus cannot hold all of its nucleons. There are thus several ways to choose... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chapman\u2013Robbins bound-Proof-By the variational representation of chi-squared divergence, Plug in g=g^,P=\u03bc\u03b8\u2032,Q=\u03bc\u03b8 , to obtain Switch the denominator and the left side, and take supremum over \u03b8\u2032 to obtain the single-variate case.\nFor the multivariate case, we define {\\textsty... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Approximate entropy-Algorithm-Step 2 Let m\u2208Z+ be a positive integer, with m\u2264N , which represents the length of a run of data (essentially a window).Let r\u2208R+ be a positive real number, which specifies a filtering level.Let n=N\u2212m+1 Step 3 Define x(i)=[u(i),u(i+1),\u2026,u(i+m\u22121)] for each ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bias of an estimator-Effect of transformations-For univariate parameters, median-unbiased estimators remain median-unbiased under transformations that preserve order (or reverse order)." | large_corpus_distillation |
for every v recovers the graph G, and maps the k perfect matchings of G\u2019 onto k 2-factors of G which partition its edges.[1] " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Miller\u2013Rabin primality test-Variants for finding factors-For example, consider n = 341 and a = 2. We have n \u2212 1 = 85 \u00d7 4. Then 285 mod 341 = 32 and 322 mod 341 = 1. This tells us that n is a pseudoprime base 2, but not a strong pseudoprime base 2. By computing a gcd at this stage, we find a factor of 34... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Optimistic knowledge gradient-Optimistic knowledge gradient-In statistics The optimistic knowledge gradient is a approximation policy proposed by Xi Chen, Qihang Lin and Dengyong Zhou in 2013. This policy is created to solve the challenge of computationally intractable of large size of optimal computing budget allocat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stochastic block model-Typical statistical tasks-Much of the literature on algorithmic community detection addresses three statistical tasks: detection, partial recovery, and exact recovery." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Aho\u2013Corasick algorithm-Example-At each step, the current node is extended by finding its child, and if that doesn't exist, finding its suffix's child, and if that doesn't work, finding its suffix's suffix's child, and so on, finally ending in the root node if nothing's seen before.\nWhen the algorithm reaches a n... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automatic summarization-Applications and systems for summarization-In both algorithms, the sentences are ranked by applying PageRank to the resulting graph. A summary is formed by combining the top ranking sentences, using a threshold or length cutoff to limit the size of the summary." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Windows Server Update Services-Operation-Windows Server Update Services 2.0 and above operate on a repository of update packages from Microsoft. It allows administrators to approve or decline updates before release, to force updates to install by a given date, and to produce extensive reports on which updates each mac... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Author-level metrics-List of metrics-g-index For g-index is introduced in 2006 as largest number of top g articles, which have received together at least g2 citations.\ne-index The e-index, the square root of surplus citations for the h-set beyond h2, complements the h-index for ignored citations, and therefore is e... | large_corpus_distillation |
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