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"Malware-Mitigation-Sandboxing: Provide sandboxing of apps considered dangerous (such as web browsers where most vulnerabilities are likely to be installed from)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grushko theorem-Statement of the theorem-Grushko, but not Neumann, proved a more precise version of Grushko's theorem in terms of Nielsen equivalence. It states that if M = (g1, g2, ..., gn) is an n-tuple of elements of G = A\u2217B such that M generates G, <g1, g2, ..., gn> = G, then M is Nielsen equivalent in G to a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Dense graph-Dense graph-For undirected simple graphs, the graph density is: D=|E|(|V|2)=2|E||V|(|V|\u22121) For directed, simple graphs, the maximum possible edges is twice that of undirected graphs (as there are two directions to an edge) so the density is: D=|E|2(|V|2)=|E||V|(|V|\u22121) where E is the number of edg... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chain rule for Kolmogorov complexity-Proof-Now, suppose that x appears at least 2l times as first element. This can happen for at most 2K(x,y)-l = 2k different strings. These strings can be enumerated given k,l and hence x can be specified by its index in this enumeration. The corresponding program for x has size k + ... | large_corpus_distillation |
connected to neighboring pixels by edges, and the edges are weighted to reflect the similarity between the pixels. Therefore, the random walk occurs on the weighted graph (see Doyle and Snell for an introduction to random walks on graphs)." | large_corpus_distillation |
membership relation\n\u2208 S P(S)\nfrom to is perhaps the most important and basic relationship in mathematics. Indeed, for us, it's a primitive (undefined)\nx A x\u2208A\nrelationship\u2014given and , we assume that we understand the meaning of the statement .\n= S x y\nAnother basic primitive relation is the equalit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Skeleton (computer programming)-Parallel programming-\u2018Pipes\u2019 are the more traditional forms of algorithms, where each method or function is run in a sequence. This follows the order in which the programmer has written their code. This is made parallel by computing varied tasks on a set of data, typically inp... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ideal (order theory)-Prime ideals-For a complete lattice the further notion of a completely prime ideal is meaningful.\nIt is defined to be a proper ideal I with the additional property that, whenever the meet (infimum) of some arbitrary set A is in I, some element of A is also in I.\nSo this is just a specific prime ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Noisy-storage model-Assumption-The assumption of the noisy-storage model is that during waiting times \u0394t introduced into the protocol, the adversary can only store quantum information in his noisy memory device. Such a device is simply a quantum channel F:S(Hin)\u2192S(Hout) that takes input states \u03c1in\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Array (data structure)-Element identifier and addressing formulas-In systems which use processor cache or virtual memory, scanning an array is much faster if successive elements are stored in consecutive positions in memory, rather than sparsely scattered. This is known as spatial locality, which is a type of locality... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Williams's p + 1 algorithm-Generalization-Based on Pollard's p \u2212 1 and Williams's p+1 factoring algorithms, Eric Bach and Jeffrey Shallit developed techniques to factor n efficiently provided that it has a prime factor p such that any kth cyclotomic polynomial \u03a6k(p) is smooth.\nThe first few cyclotomic polyn... | large_corpus_distillation |
"TRACE (psycholinguistics)-Applications-Distinction from speech recognition software Psycholinguistic models of speech perception, e.g. TRACE, must be distinguished from computer speech recognition tools. The former are psychological theories about how the human mind/brain processes information. The latter are engineer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divide-and-conquer algorithm-Implementation issues-Explicit stack Divide-and-conquer algorithms can also be implemented by a non-recursive program that stores the partial sub-problems in some explicit data structure, such as a stack, queue, or priority queue. This approach allows more freedom in the choice of the sub-... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Automated whitelist-How it works-P. Oscar Boykin and Vwani Roychowdhury of the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of California point out, \"We exploit the properties of social networks to construct an automated anti-spam tool which processes an individual user's personal email network to simultaneously ... | large_corpus_distillation |
n n\nP(\u22c3A)=\u2211(\u22121)k\u22121( )p (2.9.13)\ni k k\ni=1 k=1\nProof\nThe inclusion-exclusion rule gives\nn\nP(\u22c3A)=\u2211(\u22121)k\u22121 \u2211 P(\u22c2A ) (2.9.14)\ni j\ni\u2208I k=1 J\u2286I,#(J)=k j\u2208J\np =P(\u22c2 A ) J\u2286{1,2,\u2026,n} #(J)=k (n)\nBut k j\u2208J j for every with , and there ar... | large_corpus_distillation |
a chance 95%. This is called Bonferroni Method of simultaneous inference." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Railway platform-Facilities-Some of the station facilities are often located on the platforms. Where the platforms are not adjacent to a station building, often some form of shelter or waiting room is provided, and employee cabins may also be present. The weather protection offered varies greatly, from little more tha... | large_corpus_distillation |
"YAFFS-YAFFS1-When a YAFFS system mounts a NAND flash device, it must visit each block to check for valid data by scanning its spare area. With this information it then reconstitutes the memory-resident tree data structure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Effect size-Types-This form for the effect size resembles the computation for a t-test statistic, with the critical difference that the t-test statistic includes a factor of n . This means that for a given effect size, the significance level increases with the sample size. Unlike the t-test statistic, the effect size... | large_corpus_distillation |
interval . Then is\nreversible.\nProof\n(x ,x ,x ,\u2026,x )\nWe need to show that the Kolmogorov cycle condition is satisfied. That is, for every sequence of states 0 1 2 n\nx =x\nwith 0 n,\nP(x ,x )P(x ,x )\u22efP(x ,x )=P(x ,x )P(x ,x )\u22efP(x ,x ) (16.13.34)\n0 1 1 2 n\u22121 n n n\u22121 n\u22121 n\u22122 1 0\nx... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Standings-Strategies for handling ties-Standard competition ranking (\"1224\" ranking) In competition ranking, items that compare equal receive the same ranking number, and then a gap is left in the ranking numbers. The number of ranking numbers that are left out in this gap is one less than the number of items that c... | large_corpus_distillation |
"L\u00f6wenheim number-Definition-L\u00f6wenheim proved the existence of this cardinal for any logic in which the collection of sentences forms a set, using the following argument. Given such a logic, for each sentence \u03c6, let \u03ba\u03c6 be the smallest cardinality of a model of \u03c6, if \u03c6 has any model, a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Suicide attempt-Outcomes-While a majority sustain injuries that allow them to be released following emergency room treatment, a significant minority\u2014about 116,000\u2014are hospitalized, of whom 110,000 are eventually discharged alive. Their average hospital stay is 79 days. Some 89,000, 17% of these people, are p... | large_corpus_distillation |
along with an increased tendency to recall words over pictures. When response deadlines were longer, the process of recollection was being utilized, and a strong picture superiority effect was present. In addition, equivalent response time was reported for pictures and words for intelligence comparison (Paivio & Marsch... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kill (command)-Implementations-Examples Find all processes beginning with the letter \"p\" that were developed by Microsoft and use more than 10 MB of memory and kill them: Here is a simpler example, which asks the process Explorer.exe to terminate: This example forces the process to terminate: Processes can also be k... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Semi-structured data-Types-In view of this fact, XML might be referred to as having \"flexible structure\" capable of human-centric flow and hierarchy as well as highly rigorous element structure and data typing." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Debug (command)-Debug (command)-The line-oriented debugger DEBUG.EXE is an external command in operating systems such as DOS, OS/2 and Windows (only in 16-bit/32-bit versions).\nDEBUG can act as an assembler, disassembler, or hex dump program allowing users to interactively examine memory contents (in assembly languag... | large_corpus_distillation |
only in case of a tie) by a similar comparison of xn\u22121, and so forth ending with x1. The differences between graded lexicographic and graded reverse lexicographic orders are subtle, since they in fact coincide for 1 and 2 indeterminates. The first difference comes for degree 2 monomials in 3 indeterminates, which... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Locally decodable code-Length of codeword and query complexity-The rate of a code is inversely related to the query complexity, but the exact shape of this tradeoff is a major open problem. It is known that there are no LDCs that query the codeword in only one position, and that the optimal codeword size for query com... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cohousing-Cohousing-Households have independent incomes and private lives, but neighbors collaboratively plan and manage community activities and shared spaces. The legal structure is typically a homeowner association or housing cooperative. Community activities feature regularly scheduled shared meals, meetings, and ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"API key-Incidents-In 2017, Fallible, a Delaware-based security firm examined 16,000 android apps and identified over 300 which contained hard-coded API keys for services like Dropbox, Twitter, and Slack." | large_corpus_distillation |
"(N ,N ,\u2026,N ) k\nIn the context of this result, recall that 1 2 k is a random sample of size from the common distribution.\nExamples and Special Cases\nSpecial Distributions\n\u03bb\u2208[0,\u221e) g(\u03bb)=e\u03bb\nThe Poisson distribution with rate parameter is a power series distribution relative to the functi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Professional mobile radio-PMR trunking using MPT1327-Acknowledgments \u2014 These are sent by both the base stations and the mobile radio units to acknowledge the data sent.\nGo to channel messages \u2014 These messages instruct a particular mobile radio unit to move to the allocated traffic channel.\nSingle address m... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Probability distribution-Discrete probability distribution-, the sum of probabilities would be 1/2+1/4+1/8+\u22ef=1 Well-known discrete probability distributions used in statistical modeling include the Poisson distribution, the Bernoulli distribution, the binomial distribution, the geometric distribution, the negati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Openness index-Openness index-The openness Index is an economic metric calculated as the ratio of a country's total trade, the sum of exports plus imports, to the country's gross domestic product. = (Exports + Imports)/(Gross Domestic Product)The interpretation of the openness index is, the higher the index, the large... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Connected car-Criticism-Internal cooperation between departments of the company: product-security teams and corporate IT-security teams will have to work closely together in order to prevent the hackability of their devices. To do so, companies may create guidelines that minimize probabilities of bugs, and security ga... | large_corpus_distillation |
This difference grows as the programmer begins to nest containers, though in such cases typedefs are a good way to decrease the amount of code.\nThe type denoted by decltype can be different from the type deduced by auto." | large_corpus_distillation |
out whether the recipient is Image Share capable Peer-to-peer service, i.e. no server required in the network for sharing the images Both live and pre-stored images can be shared between the participating mobile phones Requires 3G or EDGE DTM (Dual Transfer Mode) mobile network " | large_corpus_distillation |
Confidence Interval for Mean\n10.8: t Distribution\n10.9: Confidence Interval Simulation\n10.10: Difference between Means\n10.11: Correlation\n10.12: Proportion\n10.13: Statistical Literacy\n10.E: Estimation (Exercises)\n11: Logic of Hypothesis Testing\n11.1: Introduction to Hypothesis Testing\n11.2: Significance Testi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Principles of Model Checking-Synopsis-The second chapter focuses on creating an appropriate model for concurrent systems, where multiple parts of an algorithm (set of instructions) can be carried out simultaneously by different machines or parts of a machine." | large_corpus_distillation |
of numbers in expressions.\nClassifying a Real Number\nThe numbers we use for counting, or enumerating items, are thenatural numbers: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and so on. We describe\nthem in set notation as where the ellipsis (\u2026) indicates that the numbers continue to infinity. The natural\nnumbers are, of course, also call... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Currying-Motivation-This also works for functions with more than two arguments. If f were a function of three arguments f(x,y,z) , its currying h would have the property f(x,y,z)=h(x)(y)(z)." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Stationary state-Spontaneous decay-Spontaneous decay complicates the question of stationary states. For example, according to simple (nonrelativistic) quantum mechanics, the hydrogen atom has many stationary states: 1s, 2s, 2p, and so on, are all stationary states. But in reality, only the ground state 1s is truly \"s... | large_corpus_distillation |
least 2n different parses. Thus L\u2217 has an unbounded degree of inherent ambiguity.\nUndecidability The proof can be extended to show that deciding whether a CFG is inherently ambiguous is undecidable, by reduction to the Post correspondence problem. It can also show that deciding whether a CFG has an unbounded de... | large_corpus_distillation |
over a UFD is a UFD.Indeed, by induction, it is enough to show R[x] is a UFD when R is a UFD. Let f\u2208R[x] be a non-zero polynomial. Now, F[x] is a unique factorization domain (since it is a principal ideal domain) and so, as a polynomial in F[x] , f can be factorized as: f=g1g2\u2026gr where gi are irreducib... | large_corpus_distillation |
with Diageo.\" In the UK the trend has been criticised by some due to the low alcohol content of Smirnoff Ice. The media outlet Lad Bible described the trend as \"Neither exciting (nor) impressive to those accustomed to Britain's drinking culture\" and other readers described the beverage as a \"children's drink\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Time-of-check to time-of-use-Reliably timing TOCTOU-In the case of BSD 4.3 mail utility and mktemp(), the attacker can simply keep launching mail utility in one process, and keep guessing the temporary file names and keep making symlinks in another process. The attack can usually succeed in less than one minute.\nTech... | large_corpus_distillation |
"112 (number)-112 (number)-112 (one hundred [and] twelve) is the natural number following 111 and preceding 113." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data Encryption Standard-Security and cryptanalysis-Improved Davies' attack: while linear and differential cryptanalysis are general techniques and can be applied to a number of schemes, Davies' attack is a specialized technique for DES, first suggested by Donald Davies in the eighties, and improved by Biham and Biryu... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Relation (mathematics)-Properties of relations-Equivalence relation A relation that is reflexive, symmetric, and transitive. It is also a relation that is symmetric, transitive, and serial, since these properties imply reflexivity.Orderings: Partial order A relation that is reflexive, antisymmetric, and transitive.Str... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexicographic breadth-first search-Algorithm-Initialize the output sequence of vertices to be empty.\nWhile \u03a3 is non-empty: Find and remove a vertex v from the first set in \u03a3 If the first set in \u03a3 is now empty, remove it from \u03a3 Add v to the end of the output sequence.\nFor each edge v-w such that w... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Divisor function-Properties-For a non-square integer, n, every divisor, d, of n is paired with divisor n/d of n and \u03c30(n) is even; for a square integer, one divisor (namely n ) is not paired with a distinct divisor and \u03c30(n) is odd. Similarly, the number \u03c31(n) is odd if and only if n is a square or ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zero-knowledge service-Zero-knowledge service-The term \"zero-knowledge\" was popularized by backup service SpiderOak, which later switched to using the term \"no knowledge\" to avoid confusion with the computer science concept of zero-knowledge proof.\nProviders of zero-knowledge services include: Bitwarden Cubbit De... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Frobenius pseudoprime-Frobenius pseudoprime-In number theory, a Frobenius pseudoprime is a pseudoprime, whose definition was inspired by the quadratic Frobenius test described by Jon Grantham in a 1998 preprint and published in 2000. Frobenius pseudoprimes can be defined with respect to polynomials of degree at least ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coins of the Swiss franc-History-Collector's value Some of the older coins have considerable collector's value, especially the rarer batches of the 5 franc coin. The 1873 version of the 5 francs coin, produced in a small batch of 30,000 pieces, sees offers upward of CHF 2,000 in auctions. The even rarer 1912 version,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Artificial intelligence-Goals-Knowledge representation Knowledge representation and knowledge engineering allow AI programs to answer questions intelligently and make deductions about real-world facts. Formal knowledge representations are used in content-based indexing and retrieval, scene interpretation, clinical dec... | large_corpus_distillation |
compiler generates can be tailored to be either unobfuscated (Source-Mapped or Source-Code) and easier to understand or obfuscated and compressed.\nA number of libraries are available for GWT, by Google and third parties. These extend the toolkit's features.\nAvailable widgets As of version 2.4 (September 2011), Google... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hedge (finance)-Natural hedges-One common means of hedging against risk is the purchase of insurance to protect against financial loss due to accidental property damage or loss, personal injury, or loss of life." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Autokey cipher-Cryptanalysis-plaintext: dfl tft eta fax yrk ..\nciphertext: W MPM MXX AEY HBR YOC A key: . THE THE THE THE THE .\nplaintext: . tii tqt hxu oun fhy ." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Top tree-Internal Operations-The Forest updates are all carried out by a sequence of at most log \u2061n) Internal Operations, the sequence of which is computed in further log \u2061n) time. It may happen that during a tree update, a leaf cluster may change to a path cluster and the converse. Updates to top tree are... | large_corpus_distillation |
"GB 2312-Encodings of GB/T 2312-ISO-2022-CN ISO-2022-CN is another encoding form of GB/T 2312, which is also the encoding specified in the official documentation. This encoding references the ISO-2022 standard, which also uses two bytes to encode characters not found in ASCII. However, instead of using the extended reg... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Joint probability distribution-Additional properties-Joint distribution for independent variables In general two random variables X and Y are independent if and only if the joint cumulative distribution function satisfies FX,Y(x,y)=FX(x)\u22c5FY(y) Two discrete random variables X and Y are independent if and only ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Keumhee Carri\u00e8re Chough-Recognition-Chough was president of the Biostatistics Section of the Statistical Society of Canada for 2002\u20132003. She was named a Fellow of the American Statistical Association in 2009." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Pair programming-Pairing variations-Expert\u2013novice Expert\u2013novice pairing creates many opportunities for the expert to mentor the novice. This pairing can also introduce new ideas, as the novice is more likely to question established practices. The expert, now required to explain established practices, is also... | large_corpus_distillation |
computes this union: function union(t1, t2): if t1 = nil: return t2 if t2 = nil: return t1 t<, t> \u2190 split t2 on t1.root return join(union(left(t1), t<), t1.root, union(right(t1), t>)) Here, Split is presumed to return two trees: one holding the keys less its input key, one holding the greater keys. (The algorithm ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maximal independent set-Finding a single maximal independent set-Hence, for every good node u, the probability that a neighbour of u is selected to S and remains in S is a certain positive constant. Hence, the probability that u is removed, in each step, is at least a positive constant.\nHence, for every good edge e, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"(A\u222aB)\u2216(A\u2229B)=(A\u2216B)\u222a(B\u2216A) .\nProof\nA direct proof is simple, but for practice let's give a proof using set algebra, in particular, DeMorgan's law, and the distributive law:\n(A\u222aB)\u2216(A\u2229B) =(A\u222aB)\u2229(A\u2229B)c=(A\u222aB)\u2229(Ac\u222aBc) (1.1.9)\n=(A\u2229Ac)\u222a(B\u... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiple subset sum-Fair subset sum problem-For separate items: the price-of-fairness of max-min fairness is unbounded. For example, suppose Alice has two items with values 1 and e, for some small e>0. George has two items with value e. The capacity is 1. The maximum sum is 1 - when Alice gets the item with value 1 an... | large_corpus_distillation |
not be balanced, repeating the partition within the larger of the two sides and taking the union of the cuts formed at each repetition will eventually lead to a balanced partition with O(n) edges. The endpoints of these edges form a separator of size O(n) Edge separators A variation of the planar separator theorem in... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Learning to rank-Applications-In information retrieval Ranking is a central part of many information retrieval problems, such as document retrieval, collaborative filtering, sentiment analysis, and online advertising.\nA possible architecture of a machine-learned search engine is shown in the accompanying figure." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Sentence spacing in digital media-Character encodings-No space before the exclamation mark! A no-break space before the exclamation mark ! A THIN SPACE ( ) before the exclamation mark\u2009! A NARROW NO-BREAK SPACE ( ) before the exclamation mark\u202f! A small-formatted no-break space before the exclamati... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuity editing-Common techniques of continuity editing-Cross-cutting is a technique which conveys an undeniable spatial discontinuity. It can be achieved by cutting back and forth between shots of spatially unrelated places. In these cases, the viewer will understand clearly that the places are supposed to be sepa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Support vector machine-Linear SVM-Any hyperplane can be written as the set of points x satisfying where w is the (not necessarily normalized) normal vector to the hyperplane. This is much like Hesse normal form, except that w is not necessarily a unit vector. The parameter b\u2016w\u2016 determines the offset of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ordinal definable set-Ordinal definable set-A drawback to this informal definition is that it requires quantification over all first-order formulas, which cannot be formalized in the language of set theory. However there is a different way of stating the definition that can be so formalized. In this approach, a set S ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Central limit theorem-Extensions-Whereas the central limit theorem for sums of random variables requires the condition of finite variance, the corresponding theorem for products requires the corresponding condition that the density function be square-integrable." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vertex cover in hypergraphs-Hitting set and set cover-The hitting set problem is equivalent to the set cover problem: An instance of set cover can be viewed as an arbitrary bipartite graph, with sets represented by vertices on the left, elements of the universe represented by vertices on the right, and edges represent... | large_corpus_distillation |
produces the best results. Other options for the vote weight could include the square root or square of the gradient magnitude, or some clipped version of the magnitude." | large_corpus_distillation |
"N-sphere-Probability distributions-Distribution of the first coordinate Let y=x12 be the square of the first coordinate of a point sampled uniformly at random from the (n-1)-sphere, then its probability density function is Let z=y/N be the appropriately scaled version, then at the N\u2192\u221e limit, the probabili... | large_corpus_distillation |
change introduced in Scala 3.Unlike Java, Scala has many features of functional programming languages (like Scheme, Standard ML, and Haskell), including currying, immutability, lazy evaluation, and pattern matching. It also has an advanced type system supporting algebraic data types, covariance and contravariance, high... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ALGOL 68-Notable language elements-do loop clause: [ FOR index ] [ FROM first ] [ BY increment ] [ TO last ] [ WHILE condition ] DO statements OD The minimum form of a \"loop clause\" is thus: DO statements OD This was considered the \"universal\" loop, the full syntax is: FOR i FROM 1 BY -22 TO -333 WHILE i\u00d7i\u2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Data Stream Interface-Protocol-Error codes The error codes returned are AFP result codes." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Base64-Implementations and history-Variants summary table Implementations may have some constraints on the alphabet used for representing some bit patterns. This notably concerns the last two characters used in the alphabet at positions 62 and 63, and the character used for padding (which may be mandatory in some prot... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quantum mutual information-Properties-When the state \u03c1AB is pure (and thus S(\u03c1AB)=0 , the mutual information is twice the entanglement entropy of the state: I(A:B)=S(\u03c1A)+S(\u03c1B)\u2212S(\u03c1AB)=S(\u03c1A)+S(\u03c1B)=2S(\u03c1A) A positive quantum mutual information is not necessarily indicative of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Omnibus test-In logistic regression-The last column, Exp(B) (taking the B value by calculating the inverse natural log of B) indicates odds ratio: the probability of an event occurring, divided by the probability of the event not occurring. An Exp(B) value over 1.0 signifies that the independent variable increases the... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Visualization (graphics)-Interactivity-The rapid response time required for interactive visualization is a difficult constraint to meet and there are several approaches that have been explored to provide people with rapid visual feedback based on their input. Some include Parallel rendering \u2013 where more than one ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Address book-Online address book-An online address book typically enables users to create their own web page (or profile page), which is then indexed by search engines like Google and Bing. This in turn enables users to be found by other people via a search of their name and then contacted via their web page containin... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyclomatic complexity-Description-The set of all even subgraphs of a graph is closed under symmetric difference, and may thus be viewed as a vector space over GF(2); this vector space is called the cycle space of the graph. The cyclomatic number of the graph is defined as the dimension of this space. Since GF(2) has t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recursive least squares filter-Discussion-The idea behind RLS filters is to minimize a cost function C by appropriately selecting the filter coefficients wn , updating the filter as new data arrives. The error signal e(n) and desired signal d(n) are defined in the negative feedback diagram below: The error implici... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lindeberg's condition-Interpretation-Because the Lindeberg condition implies max k=1,\u2026,n\u03c3k2sn2\u21920 as n\u2192\u221e , it guarantees that the contribution of any individual random variable Xk (1\u2264k\u2264n ) to the variance sn2 is arbitrarily small, for sufficiently large values of n " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Traveling library-Description-A variant of the traveling library is the bookmobile or mobile library, which delivers books along definite routes radiating from some central library.The great advantages of the traveling library are economy, mobility, and adaptability. The collection is limited to books definitely chose... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Peterson Identification System-Influence-Since the first Peterson Field Guide, the system has been expanded to about three dozen volumes in the series as well as being emulated by many other publishers and authors of field guides. It has become the near-universally accepted standard, first in the United States and Eur... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kendall rank correlation coefficient-Accounting for ties-Tau-c Tau-c (also called Stuart-Kendall Tau-c) is more suitable than Tau-b for the analysis of data based on non-square (i.e. rectangular) contingency tables. So use Tau-b if the underlying scale of both variables has the same number of possible values (before r... | large_corpus_distillation |
to the router which dispatches them to the proper targets using the attached URIs.The clients send these messages using the two high-level primitives that are RPC and PUB/SUB, doing four core interactions: register: a client exposes a procedure to be called remotely.\ncall: a client asks the router to get the result of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Word (computer architecture)-Word size choice-Most of these machines work on one unit of memory at a time and since each instruction or datum is several units long, each instruction takes several cycles just to access memory. These machines are often quite slow because of this. For example, instruction fetches on an I... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Loop invariant-Distinction from loop-invariant code-A loop-invariant code example (in the C programming language) is where the calculations x = y+z and x*x can be moved before the loop, resulting in an equivalent, but faster, program: In contrast, e.g. the property 0<=i && i<=n is a loop invariant for both the origina... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Discrete uniform distribution-Discrete uniform distribution-In probability theory and statistics, the discrete uniform distribution is a symmetric probability distribution wherein a finite number of values are equally likely to be observed; every one of n values has equal probability 1/n. Another way of saying \"discr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Explorations in Economic History-Abstracting and indexing-The journal is abstracted and indexed in: According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.259.It is considered one of the best economic history journals along with the Journal of Economic History, Economic History Review and... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin packing problem-Related problems-In contrast, in the multiway number partitioning problem, the number of bins is fixed and their size can be enlarged. The objective is to find a partition in which the bin sizes are as nearly equal is possible (in the variant called multiprocessor scheduling problem or minimum make... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Greyhound (cocktail)-Variations-Vodka greyhound: uses vodka instead of gin.\nSalty dog: has a salted rim on the glass and uses vodka sometimes.\nDalmatian: has black pepper syrup and vodka.\nSome similar cocktails use grapefruit soda instead of grapefruit juice, notably the Finnish Lonkero (ready-to-drink mix of grape... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LSH (hash function)-Specification-M[s]\u2190m[ws/8+(w/8\u22121)]\u2016\u2026\u2016m[ws/8+1]\u2016m[ws/8] 32 t\u22121)) From the word array M , we define the t 32-word array message blocks {M(i)}i=0t\u22121 as follows.\n32 32 32 31 ]) (0\u2264i\u2264(t\u22121)) The 16-word array chaining variable CV (0) is initiali... | large_corpus_distillation |
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