text stringlengths 5 1.02k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|
"Anonymous function-Examples-Java 8 introduced another mechanism named method reference (the :: operator) to create a lambda on an existing method. A method reference does not indicate the number or types of arguments because those are extracted from the abstract method of the functional interface.\nIn the example abov... | large_corpus_distillation |
are not resolved quickly, then latency for the thread increases. This is because hazards stall execution of subsequent instructions and, depending upon the pipeline implementation, may either stall progress completely until the dependency is resolved or lead to an avalanche of more hazards in future instructions; furth... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Character sum-Summing polynomials-Another significant type of character sum is that formed by \u2211\u03c7(F(n)) for some function F, generally a polynomial. A classical result is the case of a quadratic, for example, F(n)=n(n+1) and \u03c7 a Legendre symbol. Here the sum can be evaluated (as \u22121), a result that i... | large_corpus_distillation |
may promote their own products using the review system. Newer research proposes designs for reputation systems that more efficiently aggregate information about the experiences of users." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Feferman\u2013Vaught theorem-Direct product of structures-Consider a first-order logic signature L.\nThe definition of product structures takes a family of L-structures Ai for i\u2208I for some index set I and defines the product structure A=\u220fi\u2208IAi , which is also an L-structure, with all functions and rel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distributed agile software development-Compatibility with the Agile Manifesto-The values and principles of the Agile Manifesto have been explored in their applicability in a distributed work environment in 12 case studies. The studies have followed software companies that applied distributed agile software development... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Global network-Mobile wireless networks-It is estimated that 80% of the global mobile market uses the GSM standard, present in more than 212 countries and territories. Its ubiquity makes international roaming very common between mobile phone operators, enabling subscribers to use their phones in many parts of the worl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"56-bit encryption-Description-The advent of commerce on the Internet and faster computers raised concerns about the security of electronic transactions initially with 40-bit, and subsequently also with 56-bit encryption. In February 1997, RSA Data Security ran a brute force competition with a $10,000 prize to demonstr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Advanced load address table-History-Itanium 2 (McKinley and Madison): 2002\u20132005 The Itanium 2 processor was released in July 2002, and was marketed for enterprise servers rather than for the whole gamut of high-end computing. The first Itanium 2, code-named McKinley, was jointly developed by HP and Intel, led by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
prime 28900 = 1702, palindromic in base 13: 1020113 29000 to 29999 29241 = 1712, sum of the cubes of the first 18 positive integers 29341 = Carmichael number 29370 = square pyramidal number 29527 = Friedman prime 29531 = Friedman prime 29601 = number of planar partitions of 18 29791 = 313There are 983 prime numbers bet... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Starvation (computer science)-Scheduling-Starvation is usually caused by an overly simplistic scheduling algorithm. For example, if a (poorly designed) multi-tasking system always switches between the first two tasks while a third never gets to run, then the third task is being starved of CPU time. The scheduling algo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Longest-processing-time-first scheduling-Longest-processing-time-first scheduling-Schedule each job in this sequence into a machine in which the current load (= total processing-time of scheduled jobs) is smallest.Step 2 of the algorithm is essentially the list-scheduling (LS) algorithm. The difference is that LS loop... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Quiet PC-Individual components in a quiet PC-Most modern mainstream and value CPUs are made with a lower TDP to reduce heat, noise, and power consumption. Intel's dual-core Celeron, Pentium, and i3 CPUs generally have a TDP of 35\u201354 W, while the i5 and i7 are generally 64\u201384 W (newer versions, such as Haswel... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Independent and identically distributed random variables-Definition-A more general definition is there are {\\textstyle n} events, {\\textstyle {\\color {red}A}_{1},{\\color {red}A}_{2},\\ldots ,{\\color {red}A}_{n}} . If the probabilities of the product events for any {\\textstyle 2,3,\\ldots ,n} events are equal ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Zinc Finger Protein 800-Zinc finger protein family-ZNF800 is part of a large zinc finger protein family, and several other members of this family have previously been described. Zinc finger proteins have both DNA binding and metal (zinc) binding properties. They are found in the cell nucleus. When compared to other me... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Open-source software-Definitions-Despite this licensing risk, most commercial software vendors are using open-source software in commercial products while fulfilling the license terms, e.g. leveraging the Apache license." | large_corpus_distillation |
and in fact the three events, in the order given, decrease in probability.\nWith fair dice run the simulation of the dice experiment 500 times and compute the relative frequency of the event of interest. Compare the results\nwith the theoretical probabilities above.\n1. At least one 6 with n=6.\n2. At least two 6's wit... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Significance arithmetic-Disagreements about importance-For example, here are some important differences between significant figure rules and uncertainty: Uncertainty is not the same as a mistake. If the outcome of a particular experiment is reported as 1.234 \u00b1 0.056 it does not mean the observer made a mistake; i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bin packing problem-Related problems-In the fair indivisible chore allocation problem (a variant of fair item allocation), the items represent chores, and there are different people each of whom attributes a different difficulty-value to each chore. The goal is to allocate to each person a set of chores with an upper ... | large_corpus_distillation |
is given in the diagram below, where the four trees in a random forest vote on whether or not a patient with mutations A, B, F, and G has cancer. Since three out of four trees vote yes, the patient is then classified as cancer positive." | large_corpus_distillation |
So suppose that so that\nP(N <\u221e\u2223X =x)=1 x\u2208N x\u22121\n0 for . Because of the spatial homogeneity, the time required to reach state starting\nx\u2208N\nin state + has the same distribution as the time required to reach state 0 starting in state 1. By the additivity of\nm(x)=xm(1) x\u2208N m(1)\nexpected v... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consistency model-Strong consistency models-Program order: Program order guarantees that each process issues a memory request ordered by its program." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Film capacitor-Standardization of film capacitors-The standardization for all electrical, electronic components and related technologies follows the rules given by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC), a non-profit, non-governmental international standards organization. The IEC standards are harmonized ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Team composition-Attributes-Age The ages of individual team members can have considerable effects on the success of a team. As tenure with an organization and age increase, so can performance. Older individuals may contribute more professional expertise, years of experience, and gathered knowledge. However, older team... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lisp (programming language)-Syntax and semantics-Control structures Lisp originally had very few control structures, but many more were added during the language's evolution. (Lisp's original conditional operator, cond, is the precursor to later if-then-else structures.) Programmers in the Scheme dialect often express... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid partitioning-Algorithms-If, on the other hand, no such path exists, then let S consist of the matroid elements from which x is reachable in D . Each set in the current partition must be a maximal independent set in the restriction M|S , for if some element y of S could be added to partition set i in the... | large_corpus_distillation |
this). IDF stands for inverse document frequency and aims to de-emphasize words that\nappear in all documents, words that are unlikely to be useful for clustering or classification.\nWe can now interpret the vectors \u03c6(x) as points in a Euclidean space and apply, e.g., the\nK-means clustering algorithm. There are, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MIFARE-Security-The attack proposed in recovers the secret key in about 40 ms on a laptop. This attack requires just one (partial) authentication attempt with a legitimate reader." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Clique-sum-Generalizations-The theory of clique-sums may also be generalized from graphs to matroids. Notably, Seymour's decomposition theorem characterizes the regular matroids (the matroids representable by totally unimodular matrices) as the 3-sums of graphic matroids (the matroids representing spanning trees in a ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Division algorithm-Division by a constant-For general x-bit unsigned integer division where the divisor D is not a power of 2, the following identity converts the division into two x-bit addition/subtraction, one x-bit by x-bit multiplication (where only the upper half of the result is used) and several shifts, after ... | large_corpus_distillation |
|\u221a5\u2212x\u22120|=\u221a5\u2212x <\u221a\u03b52 =\u03b5 .\n8x\u22123, if x<0\n19) lim f(x)=\u22122, where f(x)={ .\n4x\u22122, if x\u22650\nx\u21920+\n5x\u22122, if x<1\n20) lim f(x)=3, where f(x)={ .\nx\u21921\u2212 7x\u22121, if x\u22651\nAnswer\nLet \u03b4=\u03b5/5. If \u2212\u03b5/5<x\u22121<0, we can multipl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gradual typing-Examples-Objective-C has gradual typing for object pointers with respect to method calls. Static typing is used when a variable is typed as pointer to a certain class of object: when a method call is made to the variable, the compiler statically checks that the class is declared to support such a method... | large_corpus_distillation |
"STIR/SHAKEN-SHAKEN-In the common case of a robocaller calling an end user on a landline or mobile phone, it is the last step of the connection that does not directly handle STIR. For instance, if a call originates in a VoIP system and was tagged with a STIR header that successfully authenticated, the caller ID provide... | large_corpus_distillation |
or that various defects must be corrected within a given time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Method of mean weighted residuals-Mathematical statement of method-The least-squares method uses the test functions: wi=\u2202R\u2202ai . This method has the effect of minimising the square of the L2-norm of the residue function (that is \u2016R\u20162 ) with respect to the degrees of freedom ai The method of momen... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continuous design-Continuous design-Evolutionary design, continuous design, evolutive design, or incremental design is directly related to any modular design application, in which components can be freely substituted to improve the design, modify performance, or change another feature at a later time." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Social network (sociolinguistics)-Structure-Participants The key participant in a social network is the anchor, or center individual. From this anchor, ties of varying strengths radiate outwards to other people with whom the anchor is directly linked. These people are represented by points. Participants in a network, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"24 (number)-In mathematics-24 is an even composite number, with 2 and 3 as its distinct prime factors. It is the first number of the form 2qq, where q is an odd prime. It is the smallest number with at least eight positive divisors: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, and 24; thus, it is a highly composite number, having more divis... | large_corpus_distillation |
a discrete distribution on the countable set S. Then for x\u2208S,\ng(x)=P(X=x)=P(X=x,Y \u2208T)=\u2211P(X=x,Y =y)=\u2211f(x,y) (3.4.6)\ny\u2208T y\u2208T\nSuppose next that X has a continuous distribution on S\u2286Rj . Then for A\u2286Rj ,\nP(X\u2208A)=P(X\u2208A,Y \u2208T)=\u2211P(X\u2208A,Y =y)=\u2211\u222b f(x,y)d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The Power of 10: Rules for Developing Safety-Critical Code-Rules-The ten rules are: Avoid complex flow constructs, such as goto and recursion.\nAll loops must have fixed bounds. This prevents runaway code.\nAvoid heap memory allocation.\nRestrict functions to a single printed page.\nUse a minimum of two runtime assert... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lift (data mining)-Example-If the lift is > 1, like it is here for Rules 1 and 2, that lets us know the degree to which those two occurrences are dependent on one another, and makes those rules potentially useful for predicting the consequent in future data sets." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Single point of failure-Life-support systems-A component of a life-support system that would constitute a single point of failure would be required to be extremely reliable." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Decimal floating point-IEEE 754-2008 encoding-If the most significant 4 bits of the significand are between 0 and 7, the encoded value begins as follows: s 00mmm xxx Exponent begins with 00, significand with 0mmm s 01mmm xxx Exponent begins with 01, significand with 0mmm s 10mmm xxx Exponent begins with 10, significan... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Graph coloring-Definition and terminology-Chromatic polynomial The chromatic polynomial counts the number of ways a graph can be colored using some of a given number of colors. For example, using three colors, the graph in the adjacent image can be colored in 12 ways. With only two colors, it cannot be colored at all.... | large_corpus_distillation |
is blue } blue pig is blue is a pig } Such meanings can be composed either by introducing an interpretation rule Predicate Modification which hard-codes intersectivity. However, this mode of composition can also be delivered by standard Function Application if the modifier is given a higher semantic type, either lex... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ESTREAM-ESTREAM-eSTREAM is a project to \"identify new stream ciphers suitable for widespread adoption\", organised by the EU ECRYPT network. It was set up as a result of the failure of all six stream ciphers submitted to the NESSIE project. The call for primitives was first issued in November 2004. The project was co... | large_corpus_distillation |
album if the consumer is ultimately interested in only a few audio files." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Binomial theorem-Proofs-This proves the binomial theorem.\nInductive proof Induction yields another proof of the binomial theorem. When n = 0, both sides equal 1, since x0 = 1 and 1." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generic programming-Programming language support for genericity-Generics in Java Support for the generics, or \"containers-of-type-T\" was added to the Java programming language in 2004 as part of J2SE 5.0. In Java, generics are only checked at compile time for type correctness. The generic type information is then re... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Consensus (computer science)-Consensus number-To solve the consensus problem in a shared-memory system, concurrent objects must be introduced. A concurrent object, or shared object, is a data structure which helps concurrent processes communicate to reach an agreement. Traditional implementations using critical sectio... | large_corpus_distillation |
than recall:Minimize the user's memory load by making objects, actions, and options visible. The user should not have to remember information from one part of the dialogue to another. Instructions for use of the system should be visible or easily retrievable whenever appropriate.\nFlexibility and efficiency of use:Acce... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cache prefetching-Data vs. instruction cache prefetching-Cache prefetching can either fetch data or instructions into cache.\nData prefetching fetches data before it is needed. Because data access patterns show less regularity than instruction patterns, accurate data prefetching is generally more challenging than inst... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Max-flow min-cut theorem-Application-The figure on the right gives a network formulation of the following project selection problem: The minimum capacity of an s-t cut is 250 and the sum of the revenue of each project is 450; therefore the maximum profit g is 450 \u2212 250 = 200, by selecting projects p2 and p3.\nThe... | large_corpus_distillation |
a total of 43600 categories, many of which are recent additions, meeting the needs of a rapidly changing nation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Multiplicative weight update method-Applications-Analysis Assume the learning rate \u03b7>0 and for t\u2208[T] , pt is picked by Hedge. Then for all experts i ln \u2061(N)\u03b7+\u03b7T Initialization: Fix an \u03b7>0 . For each expert, associate the weight wi1 \u22541 For t=1,2,...,T: 1. Pick the distribution ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Generative adversarial network-Variants-Original GAN: We recast the original GAN objective into a form more convenient for comparison: Original GAN, non-saturating loss: This objective for generator was recommended in the original paper for faster convergence.The effect of using this objective is analyzed in Section 2... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Undefined behavior-Overview-The runtime platform can also provide some restrictions or guarantees on undefined behavior, if the toolchain or the runtime explicitly document that specific constructs found in the source code are mapped to specific well-defined mechanisms available at runtime. For example, an interpreter... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Chinese whispers (clustering method)-Algorithm-The algorithm works in the following way in an undirected unweighted graph: All nodes are assigned to a distinct class (The number of initial classes equals the number of nodes).\nThen all of the network nodes are selected one by one in a random order. Every node moves to... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Local consistency-Local consistency-However, constraint propagation can be used to prove satisfiability in some cases. A set of binary constraints that is arc consistent and has no empty domain can be inconsistent only if the network of constraints contains cycles. Indeed, if the constraints are binary and form an acy... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Gypsum block-Specifications-Gypsum blocks are manufactured in accordance with the European and British EN 12859 Standard. The dimensions of European standard gypsum blocks are: length: 666 mm, height: 500 mm. Three blocks thus make 1 m2." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Virtual queue-Overview-If customers choose to remain in a queue (also known as que or q for short), their calls are routed directly to the queue. Customers who opt for a callback are prompted to enter their phone number and then hang up the phone. A \u201cvirtual placeholder\u201d maintains the customers' position in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Weighted arithmetic mean-Statistical properties-Consequently, if all the observations have equal variance, \u03c3i2=\u03c302 , the weighted sample mean will have variance \u03c3x\u00af2=\u03c302\u2211i=1nwi\u20322, where {\\textstyle 1/n\\leq \\sum _{i=1}^{n}{w_{i}'^{2}}\\leq 1} . The variance attains its maximum va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Maze-solving algorithm-Pledge algorithm-Disjoint (where walls are not connected to the outer boundary/boundary is not closed) mazes can be solved with the wall follower method, so long as the entrance and exit to the maze are on the outer walls of the maze. If however, the solver starts inside the maze, it might be on... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Random forest-Properties-Features which produce large values for this score are ranked as more important than features which produce small values. The statistical definition of the variable importance measure was given and analyzed by Zhu et al.This method of determining variable importance has some drawbacks. For dat... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Processor affinity-Specific operating systems-On SGI systems, dplace binds a process to a set of CPUs.On DragonFly BSD 1.9 (2007) and later versions, usched_set system call can be used to control the affinity of a process. On NetBSD 5.0, FreeBSD 7.2, DragonFly BSD 4.7 and later versions can use pthread_setaffinity_np ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hensel's lemma-Examples-Now: 10 13 7.\nAnd sure enough, 10 mod 72.\n(If we had used the Newton method recursion directly in the 7-adics, then 11 /6, and 11 10 mod 72." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Determinant-Abstract algebraic aspects-Square matrices over commutative rings The above definition of the determinant using the Leibniz rule holds works more generally when the entries of the matrix are elements of a commutative ring R , such as the integers Z , as opposed to the field of real or complex numbers. Mo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Vehicle routing problem-Exact solution methods-\u2211i\u2208S\u2211j\u2208Sxij\u2264|S|\u2212r(S) which imposes that at least r(S) arcs leave each customer set S .GCECs and CCCs have an exponential number of constraints so it is practically impossible to solve the linear relaxation. A possible way to solve this is t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"6-6-6 (six) is the natural number following 5 and preceding 7. It is a composite number and the smallest perfect number." | large_corpus_distillation |
and celebrities.A more recent study that examined pre-release file-sharing of music albums, using BitTorrent software, also discovered positive impacts for \"established and popular artists but not newer and smaller artists.\" According to Robert G. Hammond of North Carolina State University, an album that leaked one m... | large_corpus_distillation |
a.s.\n\u21d2\u2192p\u21d2\u2192d These properties, together with a number of other special cases, are summarized in the following list: Almost sure convergence implies convergence in probability:[proof] a.s.\nX\u21d2Xn\u2192pX Convergence in probability implies there exists a sub-sequence (nk) which almost surely conv... | large_corpus_distillation |
"C syntax-Control structures-The statement: is equivalent to: except for the behaviour of a continue; statement (which in the for loop jumps to e3 instead of e2). If e2 is blank, it would have to be replaced with a 1.\nAny of the three expressions in the for loop may be omitted. A missing second expression makes the wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Corollary 1: Functions with a Derivative of Zero\nLet f be differentiable over an interval I. If f'(x)=0 for all x\u2208I, then f(x)= constant for all x\u2208I.\nProof\nSince f is differentiable over I, f must be continuous over I. Suppose f(x) is not constant for all x in I. Then there exist\na,b\u2208I, where a\u226... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glossary of artificial intelligence-Q-quantifier In logic, quantification specifies the quantity of specimens in the domain of discourse that satisfy an open formula. The two most common quantifiers mean \"for all\" and \"there exists\". For example, in arithmetic, quantifiers allow one to say that the natural numbers... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-Awards-Previous winners The ACM SIGKDD Best Paper Award (Best Research Track Paper) was given to 49 individuals between 1997 and 2014. Among these individuals, most are distinguished persons and established professionals with celebrated careers, who have ma... | large_corpus_distillation |
"K-tree-Related graph classes-1-trees are the same as unrooted trees. 2-trees are maximal series\u2013parallel graphs, and include also the maximal outerplanar graphs. Planar 3-trees are also known as Apollonian networks.The graphs that have treewidth at most k are exactly the subgraphs of k-trees, and for this reason ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Book-Types-Decodable readers and leveling A leveled book collection is a set of books organized in levels of difficulty from the easy books appropriate for an emergent reader to longer more complex books adequate for advanced readers. Decodable readers or books are a specialized type of leveled books that use decodabl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"For loop-Timeline of the for-loop syntax in various programming languages-Notice that the end-loop marker specifies the name of the index variable, which must correspond to the name of the index variable in the start of the for-loop. Some languages (PL/I, FORTRAN 95 and later) allow a statement label on the start of a... | large_corpus_distillation |
complexity. On strings without * they take linear-to-string-size time to match since there is a fixed one-to-one relation." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Displaced Poisson distribution-Displaced Poisson distribution-The probability mass function is if otherwise where \u03bb>0 and r is a new parameter; the Poisson distribution is recovered at r = 0. Here I(r,\u03bb) is the Pearson's incomplete gamma function: I(r,\u03bb)=\u2211y=r\u221ee\u2212\u03bb\u03bbyy!, where s... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lindley's paradox-Numerical example-We would have been equally surprised if we had seen 49,581 female births, i.e. 0.4964 , so a frequentist would usually perform a two-sided test, for which the p-value would be 0.0117 0.0235 . In both cases, the p-value is lower than the significance level, \u03b1, of 5%, so the fr... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Finite geometry-Finite spaces of 3 or more dimensions-Obtaining a finite projective space requires one more axiom: The set of points P is a finite set.In any finite projective space, each line contains the same number of points and the order of the space is defined as one less than this common number.\nA subspace of t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Introduction to Algorithms-Reviews-Akl, Selim G. (1991). \"Review of 1st edition\". Mathematical Reviews. MR 1066870.\nMann, C. J. H. (April 2003). \"New edition of algorithms book [review of 2nd edition]\". Kybernetes. 32 (3). doi:10.1108/k.2003.06732cae.004.\nThimbleby, Harold (December 3, 2009). \"No excuse to be i... | large_corpus_distillation |
less). As a general philosophical principle, we try to\nmodel a random process with as few parameters as possible; this is sometimes referred to as the principle of parsimony of\nparameters. In turn, this is a special case of Ockham's razor, named in honor of William of Ockham, the principle that states that\none shoul... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Indeterminism-Indeterminism-Indeterminism is the idea that events (or certain events, or events of certain types) are not caused, or are not caused deterministically." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Demand oracle-Oracle-With additive valuations, the demand function is easy to compute - there is no need for an \"oracle\". However, in general, agents may have combinatorial valuations. This means that, for each combination of items, they may have a different value, which is not necessarily a sum of their values for ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Tox (protocol)-Architecture-Encryption Tox uses the cryptographic primitives present in the NaCl crypto library, via libsodium. Specifically, Tox employs Curve25519 for its key exchanges, XSalsa20 for symmetric encryption, and Poly1305 for MACs.Because the tox protocol can be used by many different applications, and b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Homomorphic signatures for network coding-Decoding at the receiver-Each receiver, t\u2208T , gets k vectors y1,\u2026,yk which are random linear combinations of the vi \u2019s.\nIn fact, if yi=(\u03b1i1,\u2026,\u03b1ik,ai1,\u2026,aid) then yi=\u22111\u2264j\u2264k(\u03b1ijvj).\nThus we can invert the linear transf... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Prefix sum-Parallel algorithms-l\u22121] of the first higher order node which is reached via an upward path including a right children connection to calculate its total prefix sum.Note the distinction between subtree-local and total prefix sums. The points two, three and four can lead to believe they would form a circ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Universal hashing-Constructions-Since any computer data can be represented as one or more machine words, one generally needs hash functions for three types of domains: machine words (\"integers\"); fixed-length vectors of machine words; and variable-length vectors (\"strings\")." | large_corpus_distillation |
"and standard deviation to the distribution mean and standard deviation.\nFor n\u2208N +, the proportion of successes in the first n trials is M n =Y n /n. This random variable is sometimes used as a statistical estimator of the\nparameter p, when the parameter is unknown.\nThe mean and variance of M n are\n1. E(M n )=... | large_corpus_distillation |
"ISO/IEC 2022-Overview-Elements ISO/IEC 2022 specifies the following: An infrastructure of multiple character sets with particular structures which may be included in a single character encoding system, including multiple graphical character sets and multiple sets of both primary (C0) and secondary (C1) control codes, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponentiation by squaring-Fixed-base exponent-There are several methods which can be employed to calculate xn when the base is fixed and the exponent varies. As one can see, precomputations play a key role in these algorithms.\nYao's method Yao's method is orthogonal to the 2k-ary method where the exponent is expande... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Adversarial machine learning-Specific attack types-White box attacks White box attacks assumes that the adversary has access to model parameters on top of being able to get labels for provided inputs." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Arithmetic coding-Implementation details and examples-Equal probabilities In the simplest case, the probability of each symbol occurring is equal. For example, consider a set of three symbols, A, B, and C, each equally likely to occur. Simple block encoding would require 2 bits per symbol, which is wasteful: one of th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MikroSim-Functionality-One execution level higher, a sequence of several machine instructions are executable until a user-defined break point is reached, which is placed in the machine code sequence. It is possible to measure run times between break points. So it is possible to benchmark execution performance on machi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Linear regression-Estimation methods-Ridge regression and other forms of penalized estimation, such as Lasso regression, deliberately introduce bias into the estimation of \u03b2 in order to reduce the variability of the estimate. The resulting estimates generally have lower mean squared error than the OLS estimates, ... | large_corpus_distillation |
as an initial approximation to the minimum volume bounding box. Then, this initial bounding box is partitioned into a grid of smaller cubes, and grid points near the boundary of the convex hull of the input are used as a coreset, a small set of points whose optimum bounding box approximates the optimum bounding box of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Confidence interval-Definition-Likelihood theory Estimates can be constructed using the maximum likelihood principle, the likelihood theory for this provides two ways of constructing confidence intervals or confidence regions for the estimates.\nEstimating equations The estimation approach here can be considered as bo... | large_corpus_distillation |
pairwise comparisons among four means, you would\n0.05/6=0.0083\nuse for the per-comparison error rate.\n47\nAs an example, consider the case study \"Stroop Interference.\" There were three tasks, each performed by subjects. In the\n60 60\n\"words\" task, subjects read the names of color words written in black ink; in ... | large_corpus_distillation |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.