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"Additive white Gaussian noise-Channel capacity-A codebook, known to both encoder and decoder, is generated by selecting codewords of length n, i.i.d. Gaussian with variance P\u2212\u03b5 and mean zero. For large n, the empirical variance of the codebook will be very close to the variance of its distribution, thereby ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"LOBPCG-Algorithm-Locking of previously converged eigenvectors Block methods for eigenvalue problems that iterate subspaces commonly have some of the iterative eigenvectors converged faster than others that motivates locking the already converged eigenvectors, i.e., removing them from the iterative loop, in order to el... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intertrial priming-Why it occurs (major theories)-Perceptual grouping of distractors account Many theories focus on the repetition of target features as dominant explanation for the repetition effects seen in intertrial priming. If target features are the same over consecutive trials but distractor features are change... | large_corpus_distillation |
case gradient descent can converge to the global solution." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Z shell-Z shell-The Z shell (Zsh) is a Unix shell that can be used as an interactive login shell and as a command interpreter for shell scripting. Zsh is an extended Bourne shell with many improvements, including some features of Bash, ksh, and tcsh.\nZsh was created by Paul Falstad in 1990 while he was a student at P... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Degree-constrained spanning tree-Degree-constrained minimum spanning tree-On a weighted graph, a Degree-constrained minimum spanning tree (DCMST) is a degree-constrained spanning tree in which the sum of its edges has the minimum possible sum. Finding a DCMST is an NP-Hard problem.Heuristic algorithms that can solve t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Comparison of wireless data standards-Comparison of wireless data standards-Cellular networks or WAN are designed for citywide/national/global coverage areas and seamless mobility from one access point (often defined as a base station) to another allowing seamless coverage for very wide areas. Cellular network technol... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shadow library-Legal status-Content hosted by some shadow libraries may be hosted without the consent of the original owners of the material. This may make some shadow libraries illegal; however, as researchers are not required to disclose the means by which they access academic material, it is difficult to monitor fo... | large_corpus_distillation |
lists the 16 sets that can be constructed from given sets A and B using the set operations.\n1. Select each of the four subsets in the proof of the last exercise: A\u2229B, A\u2229Bc, Ac\u2229B, and Ac\u2229Bc. Note that these are disjoint and their\nunion is S.\n2. Select each of the other 12 sets and show how each is... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Click farm-Implications-Engagement rate, a performance metric that measures the quality of social media activity such as Facebook likes or Twitter retweets, can be interpreted in terms of \"engagement per follower,\" measured by dividing the raw counts of social media activity by the number of followers. Users who eng... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Regression discontinuity design-Disadvantages-Contamination by other treatments. Suppose another treatment occurs at the same cutoff value of the same assignment variable. In that case, the measured discontinuity in the outcome variable may be partially attributed to this other treatment. For example, suppose a resear... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Fermat pseudoprime-Applications-The rarity of such pseudoprimes has important practical implications. For example, public-key cryptography algorithms such as RSA require the ability to quickly find large primes. The usual algorithm to generate prime numbers is to generate random odd numbers and test them for primality... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Thin group (finite group theory)-Thin group (finite group theory)-In the mathematical classification of finite simple groups, a thin group is a finite group such that for every odd prime number p, the Sylow p-subgroups of the 2-local subgroups are cyclic. Informally, these are the groups that resemble rank 1 groups of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Test-driven development-Benefits-Because no more code is written than necessary to pass a failing test case, automated tests tend to cover every code path. For example, for a TDD developer to add an else branch to an existing if statement, the developer would first have to write a failing test case that motivates the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
receives the id larger than its id , then sends back an ACK , otherwise replies an ACKfault . If the process receives two ACK s, then it is the winner in phase k . In the last phase, the final winner will receive its own id in the message, then terminates and send termination message to the other processes. In t... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Separation axiom-Main definitions-X is Hausdorff, or T2 or separated, if any two distinct points in X are separated by neighbourhoods. Thus, X is Hausdorff if and only if it is both T0 and R1. Every Hausdorff space is also T1.\nX is T2\u00bd, or Urysohn, if any two distinct points in X are separated by closed neighbou... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Runtime system-Overview-Every programming language specifies an execution model, and many implement at least part of that model in a runtime system. One possible definition of runtime system behavior, among others, is \"any behavior not directly attributable to the program itself\". This definition includes putting pa... | large_corpus_distillation |
"CBC-MAC-Attack methods against incorrect use-Allowing the initialization vector to vary in value When encrypting data using a block cipher in cipher block chaining (or another) mode, it is common to introduce an initialization vector to the first stage of the encryption process. It is typically required that this vect... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Japanese phonology-Sound change-Renj\u014d Sandhi also occurs much less often in renj\u014d (\u9023\u58f0), where, most commonly, a terminal /N/ or /Q/ on one morpheme results in /n/ (or /m/ when derived from historical m) or /t\u031a/ respectively being added to the start of a following morpheme beginning with a vowe... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Unix security-User and administrative techniques-Unix has many tools that can improve security if used properly by users and administrators.\nPasswords Selecting a strong password and guarding it properly are probably the most important things a user can do to improve Unix security." | large_corpus_distillation |
image, and is used to protect intellectual property or specify important information, such as date when the image was taken, text comments, or copyright. Upload components can include a feature to add watermarks to all uploaded images.\nExif/IPTC metadata Images can contain metadata in various formats, e.g. Exif or IPT... | large_corpus_distillation |
"DES supplementary material-Key Generation-The table is row major way, means, Actual Bit position = Substitute with the bit of row * 8 + column.\nAfter this return the Round-Key of 48 bits to the called function, i.e. the Round." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Recontextualisation-Levels and Dimensions of Recontextualisation-Intertextual: recontextualisation that relates elements from different texts, signs, and meaning. For example, the author or speaker can explicitly or implicitly utilize elements from other texts. The importance of this becomes clear when the meaning of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
desirable properties. The formula for variance now cannot be simplified: V[\u03b2^OLS]=V[(X\u22a4X)\u22121X\u22a4y]=(X\u22a4X)\u22121X\u22a4\u03a3X(X\u22a4X)\u22121 where \u03a3=V[u].\nWhile the OLS point estimator remains unbiased, it is not \"best\" in the sense of having minimum mean square error, and the OLS varia... | large_corpus_distillation |
which avoids numerical instabilities and leads to a strong theoretical convergence.The method can be extended to handle inequality constraints. For a discussion of practical improvements, see." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Congruent number-Relation to elliptic curves-The question of whether a given number is congruent turns out to be equivalent to the condition that a certain elliptic curve has positive rank. An alternative approach to the idea is presented below (as can essentially also be found in the introduction to Tunnell's paper).... | large_corpus_distillation |
learning a high-level representation using successive layers of binary or real-valued latent variables with a restricted Boltzmann machine to model each layer. In 2012, Ng and Dean created a network that learned to recognize higher-level concepts, such as cats, only from watching unlabeled images. Unsupervised pre-trai... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Distance matrix-Metric distance matrix-Another common example of a metric distance matrix arises in coding theory when in a block code the elements are strings of fixed length over an alphabet and the distance between them is given by the Hamming distance metric. The smallest non-zero entry in the distance matrix meas... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Lexical choice-Lexical choice-Lexical choice is the subtask of Natural language generation that involves choosing the content words (nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs) in a generated text. Function words (determiners, for example) are usually chosen during realisation." | large_corpus_distillation |
to know what the distinct elements of the lambda calculus domain are.\nExample: No solutions \u2192 one solution For example the equation x=\u00acx may be coded with Church encoding and using Curry's Y combinator as, not 1=\u03bbp.\u03bba.\u03bbb.pba (\u03bbf.(\u03bbx.f(xx))(\u03bbx.f(xx)))(\u03bbp.\u03bba.\u03bbb.pba... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Morse code abbreviations-Informal language-independent conversations-Although lengthy or detailed conversations could not, of course, be accomplished by radio operators with no common language.\nContesters often use a very specialized and even shorter format for their contacts. Their purpose is to process as many cont... | large_corpus_distillation |
that the differences are real, repeatable, and not due to random chance).In the example above, the purpose of the test is to determine which is the more effective way to encourage customers to make a purchase. If, however, the aim of the test had been to see which email would generate the higher click-rate \u2013 that ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"IOS app approvals-IOS app approvals-Submissions for mobile apps for iOS are subject to approval by Apple's App Review team, as outlined in the SDK agreement, for basic reliability testing and other analysis, before being published on the App Store. Applications may still be distributed ad hoc if they are rejected, by ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Elliptic-curve cryptography-Elliptic-curve cryptography-Elliptic-curve cryptography (ECC) is an approach to public-key cryptography based on the algebraic structure of elliptic curves over finite fields. ECC allows smaller keys compared to non-EC cryptography (based on plain Galois fields) to provide equivalent securi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"60 (number)-Cultural number systems-From Polish\u2013Lithuanian Commonwealth in Slavic and Baltic languages 60 has its own name kopa (Polish: kopa, Belarusian: \u043a\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0301, Lithuanian: kapa, Czech: kopa, Russian: \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430, Ukrainian: \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0301), in Germanic langu... | large_corpus_distillation |
of X and Y relative to the marginal distribution of X and Y under the assumption of independence. Mutual information therefore measures dependence in the following sense: I\u2061(X;Y)=0 if and only if X and Y are independent random variables. This is easy to see in one direction: if X and Y are independent, th... | large_corpus_distillation |
ensuring that data allocations, inode allocations and the internal log (the journal) are aligned with the stripe unit.\nExtent-based allocation Blocks used in files stored on XFS file systems are managed with variable length extents where one extent describes one or more contiguous blocks. This can shorten the list of ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Internet Oracle-Internet Oracle-A completed question-and-answer pair is called an \"Oracularity\"." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Image moment-Central moments-Central moments are defined as \u03bcpq=\u222b\u2212\u221e\u221e\u222b\u2212\u221e\u221e(x\u2212x\u00af)p(y\u2212y\u00af)qf(x,y)dxdy where 10 00 and 01 00 are the components of the centroid." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Glitching-Hardware manipulation-Some glitches can only occur by physically manipulating the hardware of the game system, such as ejecting a disc during gameplay or slightly tilting a cartridge out of position. A somewhat extreme example of hardware manipulation is, after noticing a certain glitch only seemed to work i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Orthogonal matrix-Numerical linear algebra-Likewise, algorithms using Householder and Givens matrices typically use specialized methods of multiplication and storage. For example, a Givens rotation affects only two rows of a matrix it multiplies, changing a full multiplication of order n3 to a much more efficient orde... | large_corpus_distillation |
try, since multiple zeroes can appear in a row if multiple elements are the minimum. So at some point this naive algorithm should be short circuited.\nStep 2 Sometimes it may turn out that the matrix at this stage cannot be used for assigning, as is the case for the matrix below.\nTo overcome this, we repeat the above ... | large_corpus_distillation |
sending of email to patrons during issue /return.\nEnhanced Report Module for generating in .csv format with a provision for wide customization.\nProvision for integrating with Vufind SOPAC (Ex: OPAC of the Library of Bangalore University).\nCatalogue can be harvested through Google site map, and thus the visibility of... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Wiles's proof of Fermat's Last Theorem-Mathematical detail of Wiles's proof-General approach and strategy Given an elliptic curve E over the field Q of rational numbers E(Q\u00af) , for every prime power \u2113n , there exists a homomorphism from the absolute Galois group Gal \u2061(Q\u00af/Q) to GL 2\u2061(Z/lnZ), ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Link grammar-Parsing algorithm-Because the costs are additive, they behave like the logarithm of the probability (since log-likelihoods are additive), or equivalently, somewhat like the entropy (since entropies are additive). This makes Link Grammar compatible with machine learning techniques such as hidden Markov mod... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cantor set-Properties-The second step removes numbers of the form 0.01xxxx...3 and 0.21xxxx...3, and (with appropriate care for the endpoints) it can be concluded that the remaining numbers are those with a ternary numeral where neither of the first two digits is 1.\nContinuing in this way, for a number not to be excl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Student's t-test-AssumptionsMost test statistics have the form t = Z/s, where Z and s are functions of the data.-The data used to carry out the test should either be sampled independently from the two populations being compared or be fully paired. This is in general not testable from the data, but if the data are know... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Grille (cryptography)-Cardan grille and variations-CLOCKWISE ITIT ILOH GEHE TCDF LENS IIST FANB FSET EPES HENN URRE NEEN TRCG PR&I ODCT SLOE ANTICLOCKWISE LEIT CIAH GTHE TIDF LENB IIET FONS FSST URES NEDN EPRE HEEN TRTG PROI ONEC SL&C In 1925 Luigi Sacco of the Italian Signals Corps began writing a book on ciphers whi... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Meet-in-the-middle attack-Meet-in-the-middle attack-The meet-in-the-middle attack (MITM), a known plaintext attack, is a generic space\u2013time tradeoff cryptographic attack against encryption schemes that rely on performing multiple encryption operations in sequence. The MITM attack is the primary reason why Double ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Standard deviation-Interpretation and application-For various values of z, the percentage of values expected to lie in and outside the symmetric interval, CI = (\u2212z\u03c3, z\u03c3), are as follows: " | large_corpus_distillation |
This shot is very difficult because the bowler has no fingers in the ball, and it is very difficult to create spin and maintain accuracy.Multiple balls: A bowler will take three or more balls in one hand and attempt to knock down as many pins as possible pick up a difficult split." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Paravector-The three-dimensional Euclidean space-The following list represents an instance of a complete basis for the C\u21133 space, 23 31 12 123 }, which forms an eight-dimensional space, where the multiple indices indicate the product of the respective basis vectors, for example 23 =e2e3.\nThe grade of a basis el... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Kinetic smallest enclosing disk-2D-This data structure is responsive and compact, but not local or efficient: Responsiveness: This data structure requires log 2\u2061n) time to process each certificate failure, and thus is responsive.\nLocality: A point can be involved in \u0398(n) certificates. Therefore, this data... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Job-shop scheduling-Job-shop scheduling-Job-shop scheduling, the job-shop problem (JSP) or job-shop scheduling problem (JSSP) is an optimization problem in computer science and operations research. It is a variant of optimal job scheduling. In a general job scheduling problem, we are given n jobs J1, J2, ..., Jn of va... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Address space layout randomization-Implementations-Microsoft Windows Microsoft's Windows Vista (released January 2007) and later have ASLR enabled only for executables and dynamic link libraries that are specifically linked to be ASLR-enabled. For compatibility, it is not enabled by default for other applications. Typ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"\u2212\u2212\n2.\n(\u2212\u221a11)2\n\u2212\u2212 \u2212\u2212\nRewrite as a product.\n(\u2212\u221a11)(\u2212\u221a11)\n\u2212\u2212\u2212\nMultiply.\n\u221a121\nSimplify. 11\n\uf128 Example 9.4.14\nSimplify:\n\u2212\u2212\n1.\n(\u221a12)2\n\u2212\u2212\n2.\n(\u2212\u221a15)2\n.\nAnswer\n1. 12\n2. 15\n\uf128 Example ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Extreme point-Extreme point-In mathematics, an extreme point of a convex set S in a real or complex vector space is a point in S which does not lie in any open line segment joining two points of S.\nIn linear programming problems, an extreme point is also called vertex or corner point of S." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Hasse\u2013Weil zeta function-Elliptic curves over Q-Here, \u03b6(s) is the usual Riemann zeta function and L(E, s) is called the L-function of E/Q, which takes the form L(E,s)=\u220fpLp(E,s)\u22121 where, for a given prime p, if if and if p2\u2223N where, in the case of good reduction ap is p + 1 \u2212 (number o... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bayesian programming-Probabilistic programming-The purpose of probabilistic programming is to unify the scope of classical programming languages with probabilistic modeling (especially bayesian networks) to deal with uncertainty while profiting from the programming languages' expressiveness to encode complexity.\nExte... | large_corpus_distillation |
"F t\nrelationship between and will always hold:\nF(1,dfd)=t2(df) (15.3.10)\ndfd F df t dfd\nwhere is the degrees of freedom for the denominator of the test and is the degrees of freedom for the test. will\ndf\nalways equal .\nSources of Variation\nWhy do scores in an experiment differ from one another? Consider the sc... | large_corpus_distillation |
"MapReduce-Logical view-The Reduce function is then applied in parallel to each group, which in turn produces a collection of values in the same domain: Reduce(k2, list (v2)) \u2192 list((k3, v3))Each Reduce call typically produces either one key value pair or an empty return, though one call is allowed to return more ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"dx dy\n=2 and =3t2\ndt dt\ndu \u2202u dx \u2202u dy\n= \u22c5 + \u22c5\ndt \u2202x dt \u2202y dt\n=8x3\u22126y\u22129xt2\n=8(2t) 3 \u22126(t3)\u22129(2t)t2\n=64t3\u22126t3\u221218t3\n=40t3\nFor the following exercises, find all second partial derivatives.\n13.\ng(t,x)=3t2\u2212sin(x+t)\nx3e2y\n14. h(x,y,z)=\nz\nAnswer... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Krohn\u2013Rhodes theory-Group complexity-The Krohn\u2013Rhodes complexity (also called group complexity or just complexity) of a finite semigroup S is the least number of groups in a wreath product of finite groups and finite aperiodic semigroups of which S is a divisor.\nAll finite aperiodic semigroups have complexi... | large_corpus_distillation |
(the reflexive property).\nA\u2261B B\u2261A\n2. If then (the symmetric property).\nA\u2261B B\u2261C A\u2261C\n3. If and then (the transitive property).\nA\u2261B P(A\u25b3B)=P(A\u2216B)+P(B\u2216A)=0 P(A\u2216B)=P(B\u2216A)=0 \u2261\nThus if and only if if and only if . The equivalence relation\nS\npartitions into di... | large_corpus_distillation |
uniformly in p\u2208[0,1].\n11.2.14 https://stats.libretexts.org/@go/page/10234" | large_corpus_distillation |
"Backlink-Backlinks and search engines-Search engines often use the number of backlinks that a website has as one of the most important factors for determining that website's search engine ranking, popularity and importance. Google's description of its PageRank system (January 1998), for instance, noted that \"Google i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Special Interest Group on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining-Conference history-The KDD conference has been held each year since 1995, and SIGKDD became an official ACM Special Interest Group in 1998. Past conference locations are listed on the KDD conference web site.The annual ACM SIGKDD conference is recognized as... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Global interpreter lock-Technical background concepts-A global interpreter lock (GIL) is a mutual-exclusion lock held by a programming language interpreter thread to avoid sharing code that is not thread-safe with other threads. In implementations with a GIL, there is always one GIL for each interpreter process.\nAppl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Correspondence problem-Simple example-To find the correspondence between set A [1,2,3,4,5] and set B [3,4,5,6,7] find where they overlap and how far off one set is from the other. Here we see that the last three numbers in set A correspond with the first three numbers in set B. This shows that B is offset 2 to the lef... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Coppersmith's attack-H\u00e5stad's broadcast attack-If a large enough group of people is involved, the attacker can recover the plaintext Mi from all the ciphertext with similar methods. In more generality, H\u00e5stad proved that a system of univariate equations modulo relatively prime composites, such as applying a... | large_corpus_distillation |
"2\u20133 tree-Definitions-We say that an internal node is a 2-node if it has one data element and two children.\nWe say that an internal node is a 3-node if it has two data elements and three children.\nA 4-node, with three data elements, may be temporarily created during manipulation of the tree but is never persiste... | large_corpus_distillation |
On and Of Complex Networks Applications to Biology, Computer Science, and the Social Sciences, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8176-4750-6 Vito Latora, Vincenzo Nicosia, Giovanni Russo, Complex Networks: Principles, Methods and Applications, Cambridge University Press, 2017, ISBN 978-1-107-10318-4 " | large_corpus_distillation |
"Cyberattack-Types of attack-Semantic attacks Semantic attack is the modification and dissemination of correct and incorrect information. Information modified could have been done without the use of computers even though new opportunities can be found by using them. To set someone in the wrong direction or to cover you... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Normal number-Properties and examples-The Copeland\u2013Erd\u0151s constant obtained by concatenating the prime numbers in base 10, is normal in base 10, as proved by A. H. Copeland and Paul Erd\u0151s (1946). More generally, the latter authors proved that the real number represented in base b by the concatenation wh... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Path-based strong component algorithm-Description-The algorithm performs a depth-first search of the given graph G, maintaining as it does two stacks S and P (in addition to the normal call stack for a recursive function).\nStack S contains all the vertices that have not yet been assigned to a strongly connected compo... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Secret sharing-Computationally secure secret sharing-One of these techniques, known as secret sharing made short, combines Rabin's information dispersal algorithm (IDA) with Shamir's secret sharing. Data is first encrypted with a randomly generated key, using a symmetric encryption algorithm. Next this data is split i... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Bluetooth Low Energy-Technical details-Security Software model All Bluetooth Low Energy devices use the Generic Attribute Profile (GATT). The application programming interface offered by a Bluetooth Low Energy aware operating system will typically be based around GATT concepts. GATT has the following terminology: Clie... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Continual improvement process-Continual improvement process-A continual improvement process, also often called a continuous improvement process (abbreviated as CIP or CI), is an ongoing effort to improve products, services, or processes. These efforts can seek \"incremental\" improvement over time or \"breakthrough\" ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Security level-In asymmetric cryptography-The design of most asymmetric algorithms (i.e. public-key cryptography) relies on neat mathematical problems that are efficient to compute in one direction, but inefficient to reverse by the attacker. However, attacks against current public-key systems are always faster than b... | large_corpus_distillation |
"P-stable group-Definitions-1. Let p be an odd prime and G be a finite group with a nontrivial p-core Op(G) . Then G is p-stable if it satisfies the following condition: Let P be an arbitrary p-subgroup of G such that Op\u2032(G) is a normal subgroup of G. Suppose that x\u2208NG(P) and x\u00af is the coset of CG(P... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Node.js-Project governance-In 2015, various branches of the greater Node.js community began working under the vendor-neutral Node.js Foundation. The stated purpose of the organization \"is to enable widespread adoption and help accelerate development of Node.js and other related modules through an open governance mode... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Nim-Mathematical theory-The key to the theory of the game is the binary digital sum of the heap sizes, i.e., the sum (in binary), neglecting all carries from one digit to another. This operation is also known as \"bitwise xor\" or \"vector addition over GF(2)\" (bitwise addition modulo 2). Within combinatorial game th... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Factorization of polynomials over finite fields-Rabin's test of irreducibility-Let p1, ..., pk, be all the prime divisors of n, and denote n/pi=ni , for 1 \u2264 i \u2264 k polynomial f in Fq[x] of degree n is irreducible in Fq[x] if and only if gcd (f,xqni\u2212x)=1 , for 1 \u2264 i \u2264 k, and f divides xqn\u22... | large_corpus_distillation |
"NTFS-Features-The NTFS file system has a limit of 1024 hard links on a file.\nAlternate data stream (ADS) Alternate data streams allow more than one data stream to be associated with a filename (a fork), using the format \"filename:streamname\" (e.g., \"text.txt:extrastream\")." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Intel C++ Compiler-Debugging-Intel also offers a tool for memory and threading error detection called Intel Inspector XE. Regarding memory errors, it helps detect memory leaks, memory corruption, allocation/de-allocation of API mismatches and inconsistent memory API usage. Regarding threading errors, it helps detect d... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Matroid parity problem-Algorithms-In particular, using a matrix multiplication algorithm of Le Gall, it can be solved in time 1.3729 ) Without using fast matrix multiplication, the linear matroid parity problem can be solved in time O(nr2) .These algorithms are based on a linear algebra formulation of the problem by... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rebol-Design-Comments may appear following the semicolon until the end of the line. Multi-line comments or comments not ignored by the lexical parser can be written using \"ordinary\" datatypes like multi-line strings.\nSemantics Blocks containing domain-specific language can be submitted as arguments to specific eval... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Knowledge graph embedding-Models-RotatE: RotatE is inspired by the Euler's identity and involves the use of Hadamard product to represent a relation r as a rotation from the head h to the tail t in the complex space. For each element of the triple, the complex part of the embedding describes a counterclockwise rota... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Calculus on Euclidean space-Basic notions-Here, since f is differentiable at x , the second term on the right goes to zero as h\u21920 . As for the first term, it can be written as: 0." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Ring signature-Definition-Suppose that a set of entities each have public/private key pairs, (P1, S1), (P2, S2), ..., (Pn, Sn). Party i can compute a ring signature \u03c3 on a message m, on input (m, Si, P1, ..., Pn). Anyone can check the validity of a ring signature given \u03c3, m, and the public keys involved, P1,... | large_corpus_distillation |
"T52 (classification)-Becoming classified-Wheelchair athletes who wish to compete in para-athletics competition must first undergo a classification assessment. During this, they both undergo a bench test of muscle strength and demonstrate their skills in athletics, such as pushing a racing wheelchair and throwing. A de... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Medical image computing-Registration-The optimization procedure. Either continuous or discrete optimization is performed. For continuous optimization, gradient-based optimization techniques are applied to improve the convergence speed." | large_corpus_distillation |
which is controlled by the total number of observations \u2013 the more data observed, the less uncertainty about the true parameter.) (Technically, the prior parameter \u03b1i should actually be seen as representing \u03b1i\u22121 prior observations of category i . Then, the updated posterior parameter ci+\u03b1i ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Confidence interval-Counterexamples-The two counter-intuitive properties of the first procedure \u2013 100% coverage when X1,X2 are far apart and almost 0% coverage when X1,X2 are close together \u2013 balance out to yield 50% coverage on average. However, despite the first procedure being optimal, its intervals off... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Shannon capacity of a graph-Graph models of communication channels-For this example, it is possible to choose two values that can be transmitted in each time step without ambiguity, for instance, the values 1 and 3. These values are far enough apart that they can't be confused with each other: when the recipient recei... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Carmichael number-Kn\u00f6del number-An n-Kn\u00f6del number for a given positive integer n is a composite number m with the property that each i < m coprime to m satisfies mod m) . The n = 1 case are Carmichael numbers." | large_corpus_distillation |
"Exponential backoff-Collision avoidance-A deterministic exponential backoff algorithm is unsuitable for this use case, since each sender would back off for the same time period, leading them to retransmit simultaneously and cause another collision. Instead, for purposes of collision avoidance, the time between retrans... | large_corpus_distillation |
"The distribution of \u03c4 y is the L\u00e9vy distribution with scale parameter y2 , and is named for the French mathematician Paul L\u00e9vy. The L\u00e9vy\ndistribution is studied in more detail in the chapter on special distributions.\nOpen the hitting time experiment. Vary y and note the shape and location of the ... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Rendezvous hashing-Problem Definition and Approach-The basic idea is to give each site Sj a score (a weight) for each object Oi , and assign the object to the highest scoring site. All clients first agree on a hash function h(\u22c5) . For object Oi , the site Sj is defined to have weight wi,j=h(Oi,Sj) . Each cl... | large_corpus_distillation |
"Credibility theory-A simple example-Suppose there are two coins in a box. One has heads on both sides and the other is a normal coin with 50:50 likelihood of heads or tails. You need to place a wager on the outcome after one is randomly drawn and flipped.\nThe odds of heads is .5 * 1 + .5 * .5 = .75. This is because t... | large_corpus_distillation |
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