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Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	two major operations fall weiss january april fall schwartz may june axis attempted stamp yugoslav resistance all.battle neretva battle sutjeska strong partisan main operational group engaged force around combined axis troops.battles despite heavy casualties group succeeded evading trap retreating safety.partisans emerged stronger occupied significant portion yugoslavia.events greatly increased standing partisans granted favorable reputation among yugoslav populace leading increased recruitment.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	september fascist italy capitulated allies leaving occupation zone yugoslavia open partisans.tito took advantage events briefly liberating dalmatian shore cities.secured italian weaponry supplies partisans volunteers cities previously annexed italy italian recruits crossing allies garibaldi division.favorable chain events avnoj decided meet second time – partisanliberated jajce.second session avnoj lasted november right tehran conference came number significant conclusions.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	significant establishment democratic federal yugoslavia state would federation six equal south slavic republics opposed allegedly serb predominance prewar yugoslavia.council decided neutral name deliberately left question monarchy vs. republic open ruling peter ii would allowed return exile london upon favorable result panyugoslav referendum question.among decisions avnoj decided forming provisional executive body national committee liberation yugoslavia nkoj nacionalni komitet oslobođenja jugoslavije appointing tito prime minister.achieved success engagements tito also granted rank marshal yugoslavia.favorable news also came tehran conference allies concluded partisans would recognized allied yugoslav resistance movement granted supplies wartime support axis occupation.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	war turned decisively axis partisans continued hold significant chunks yugoslav territory.allies italy yugoslav islands adriatic sea resistance.june partisan base island vis housed conference josip broz tito prime minister nkoj representing avnoj ivan šubašić prime minister royalist yugoslav governmentinexile london.conclusions known titošubašić agreement granted kings recognition avnoj democratic federal yugoslavia dfy provided establishment joint yugoslav coalition government headed tito šubašić foreign minister avnoj confirmed provisional yugoslav parliament.king peter iis governmentinexile london partly due pressure united kingdom recognized state agreement signed june šubašić tito.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	dfys legislature november provisional assembly.titošubašić agreement declared state pluralist democracy guaranteed democratic liberties personal freedom freedom speech assembly religion free press.however january tito shifted emphasis government away emphasis pluralist democracy claiming though accepted democracy claimed need multiple parties claimed multiple parties unnecessarily divisive midst yugoslavias war effort peoples front represented yugoslav people.peoples front coalition headed communist party yugoslavia general secretary tito major movement within government.political movements joined government included napred movement represented milivoje marković.belgrade capital yugoslavia liberated help soviet red army october formation new yugoslav government postponed november belgrade agreement signed provisional government formed.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	agreements also provided eventual postwar elections would determine states future system government economy.partisans clearing axis forces liberating remaining parts occupied territory.march partisans launched general offensive drive completely oust germans remaining collaborating forces.end april remaining northern parts yugoslavia liberated chunks southern german austrian territory italian territory around trieste occupied yugoslav troops.yugoslavia fully intact state borders closely resembling pre form envisioned partisans democratic federation including six federated states federated state bosnia herzegovina fs bosnia herzegovina federated state croatia fs croatia federated state macedonia fs macedonia federated state montenegro fs montenegro federated state serbia fs serbia federated state slovenia fs slovenia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	nature government however remained unclear tito highly reluctant include exiled king peter ii postwar yugoslavia demanded winston churchill.february tito acknowledged existence regency council representing king first act council established march however proclaim new government titos premiership.nature state still unclear immediately war june government signed united nations charter using yugoslavia official name reference either kingdom republic.acting head state march king appointed regency council constitutional lawyers srđan budisavljević ante mandić dušan sernec.king empowered council form common temporary government nkoj accept titos nomination prime minister first normal government.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	authorized king regency council thus accepted titos nomination november fpry declared.unconditional transfer powers king peter ii abdicated tito.date second yugoslavia born international law since marked yugoslavias national holiday day republic however following communists switch authoritarianism holiday officially marked session avnoj coincidentally fell day year.postworld war ii period first yugoslav postworld war ii elections set november .time coalition parties backing partisans peoples liberation front jedinstveni narodnooslobodilački front jnof renamed peoples front narodni front nof.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	peoples front primarily led communist party yugoslavia kpj represented josip broz tito.reputation benefited greatly wartime exploits decisive success enjoyed genuine support among populace.however old prewar political parties reestablished well.early january enemy still occupying northwest josip broz tito commentedi principle political parties democracy also presupposes freedom express ones principles ones ideas.create parties sake parties us one must direct strength direction driving occupying forces country homeland razed ground nothing awareness hands ... time now.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	popular movement peoples front.everyone welcome within communists democrats radicals etc.whatever called before.movement force force lead country horror misery bring complete freedom.however elections fairly conducted secret ballot campaign preceded highly irregular.opposition newspapers banned one occasion serbia opposition leaders milan grol received threats via press.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	opposition withdrew election protest hostile atmosphere situation caused three royalist representatives grolsubasicjuraj šutej secede provisional government.indeed voting single list peoples front candidates provision opposition votes cast separate voting boxes procedure made electors identifiable ozna agents.election results november decisively favor former average voters federated state casting ballot peoples front.november second anniversary second session avnoj constituent assembly yugoslavia formally abolished monarchy declared state republic.countrys official name became federal peoples republic yugoslavia fpr yugoslavia fpry six federated states became peoples republics yugoslavia became oneparty state considered earliest years model communist orthodoxy.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	yugoslav government allied soviet union joseph stalin early cold war shot two american airplanes flying yugoslav airspace august .first aerial shoot downs western aircraft cold war caused deep distrust tito united states even calls military intervention yugoslavia.new yugoslavia also closely followed stalinist soviet model economic development early period aspects achieved considerable success.particular public works period organized government managed rebuild even improve yugoslav infrastructure particular road system little cost state.tensions west high yugoslavia joined cominform early phase cold war began yugoslavia pursuing aggressive foreign policy.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	liberated julian march carinthia historic claims regions yugoslav government began diplomatic maneuvering include yugoslavia.demands opposed west.greatest point contention portcity trieste.city hinterland liberated mostly partisans pressure western allies forced withdraw socalled morgan line.free territory trieste established separated zone zone b administered western allies yugoslavia respectively.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	initially yugoslavia backed stalin latter begun cool towards new states ambitions.crisis eventually dissolved tito–stalin split started zone granted italy zone b yugoslavia.meanwhile civil war raged greece – yugoslavias southern neighbor – communists rightwing government yugoslav government determined bring communist victory.yugoslavia dispatched significant assistance terms arms ammunition supplies military experts partisan warfare general vladimir dapčević even allowed greek communist forces use yugoslav territory safe haven.although soviet union bulgaria yugoslavdominated albania granted military support well yugoslav assistance far substantial.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	however yugoslav foreign adventure also came end tito–stalin split greek communists expecting overthrow tito refused assistance government.without however greatly disadvantaged defeated .yugoslavia countrys communist neighbor immediate postwar period peoples republic albania effectively yugoslav satellite.neighboring bulgaria increasing yugoslav influence well talks began negotiate political unification albania bulgaria yugoslavia.major point contention yugoslavia wanted absorb two transform additional federated republics.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	albania position object bulgarian view new balkan federation would see bulgaria yugoslavia whole uniting equal terms.negotiations began yugoslav representatives edvard kardelj milovan đilas summoned moscow alongside bulgarian delegation stalin vyacheslav molotov attempted browbeat accepting soviet control merger countries generally tried force subordination.soviets express specific view issue yugoslavbulgarian unification wanted ensure parties first approved every decision moscow.bulgarians object yugoslav delegation withdrew moscow meeting.recognizing level bulgarian subordination moscow yugoslavia withdrew unification talks shelved plans annexation albania anticipation confrontation soviet union.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	informbiro period tito–stalin yugoslav–soviet split took place spring early summer .title pertains josip broz tito time yugoslav prime minister president federal assembly soviet premier joseph stalin.west tito thought loyal communist leader second stalin eastern bloc.however largely liberated limited red army support yugoslavia steered independent course constantly experiencing tensions soviet union.yugoslavia yugoslav government considered allies moscow moscow considered yugoslavia satellite often treated such.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	previous tensions erupted number issues moscow meeting open confrontation beginning.next came exchange letters directly communist party soviet union cpsu communist party yugoslavia kpj.first cpsu letter march soviets accused yugoslavs denigrating soviet socialism via statements socialism soviet union ceased revolutionary.also claimed kpj democratic enough acting vanguard would lead country socialism.soviets said could consider communist party organization marxistleninist bolshevik.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	letter also named number highranking officials dubious marxists milovan đilas aleksandar ranković boris kidrič svetozar vukmanovićtempo inviting tito purge thus cause rift party.communist officials andrija hebrang sreten žujović supported soviet view.tito however saw refused compromise party soon responded letter.kpj response april strong denial soviet accusations defending revolutionary nature party reasserting high opinion soviet union.however kpj noted also matter much us loves land socialism soviet union case love country less.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	speech yugoslav prime minister statedwe going pay balance others accounts going serve pocket money anyones currency exchange going allow become entangled political spheres interest.held peoples want completely independent autonomy restricted subject dispute dependent anyone ever againthe pagelong soviet answer may admonished kpj failing admit correct mistakes went accuse proud successes germans maintaining red army saved destruction implausible statement titos partisans successfully campaigned axis forces four years appearance red army there.time soviets named josip broz tito edvard kardelj principal heretics defending hebrang žujović.letter suggested yugoslavs bring case cominform.kpj responded expelling hebrang žujović party answering soviets may letter sharply criticized soviet attempts devalue successes yugoslav resistance movement.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	may correspondence mikhail a. suslov informed josip broz tito communist information bureau cominform informbiro serbocroatian would holding session june bucharest almost completely dedicated yugoslav issue.cominform association communist parties primary soviet tool controlling political developments eastern bloc.date meeting june carefully chosen soviets triple anniversary battle kosovo field assassination archduke ferdinand sarajevo adoption vidovdan constitution .tito personally invited refused attend dubious excuse illness.official invitation arrived june tito refused.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	first day meeting june cominform adopted prepared text resolution known yugoslavia resolution informbiro rezolucija informbiroa.cominform informbiro members expelled yugoslavia citing nationalist elements managed course past five six months reach dominant position leadership kpj.resolution warned yugoslavia path back bourgeois capitalism due nationalist independenceminded positions accused party trotskyism.followed severing relations yugoslavia soviet union beginning period soviet–yugoslav conflict known informbiro period.break soviet union yugoslavia found economically politically isolated countrys eastern blocoriented economy began falter.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	time stalinist yugoslavs known yugoslavia cominformists began fomenting civil military unrest.number cominformist rebellions military insurrections took place along acts sabotage.however yugoslav security service led aleksandar ranković udba quick efficient cracking insurgent activity.invasion appeared imminent soviet military units massed along border hungarian peoples republic hungarian peoples army quickly increased size divisions.udba began arresting alleged cominformists even suspicion prosoviet.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	however start crisis tito began making overtures united states west.consequently stalins plans thwarted yugoslavia began shifting alignment.west welcomed yugoslavsoviet rift commenced flow economic aid assisted averting famine covered much yugoslavias trade deficit next decade.united states began shipping weapons yugoslavia .tito however wary becoming dependent west well military security arrangements concluded yugoslavia refused join nato began developing significant military industry own.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	american response korean war serving example wests commitment stalin began backing war yugoslavia.reform yugoslavia began number fundamental reforms early bringing change three major directions rapid liberalization decentralization countrys political system institution new unique economic system diplomatic policy nonalignment.yugoslavia refused take part communist warsaw pact instead took neutral stance cold war becoming founding member nonaligned movement along countries like india egypt indonesia pursuing centreleft influences promoted nonconfrontational policy towards united states.country distanced soviets started build way socialism strong political leadership josip broz tito sometimes informally called titoism.economic reforms began introduction workers selfmanagement june .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	system profits shared among workers workers councils controlled production profits.industrial sector began emerge thanks governments implementation industrial infrastructure development programs.exports industrial products led heavy machinery transportation machines especially shipbuilding industry military technology equipment rose yearly increase .annual growth gross domestic product gdp early averaged .. political liberalization began reduction massive state party bureaucratic apparatus process described whittling state boris kidrič president yugoslav economic council economics minister.november sixth congress communist party yugoslavia introduced basic law emphasized personal freedom rights man freedom free associations working people.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	communist party yugoslavia kpj changed name time league communists yugoslavia skj becoming federation six republican communist parties.result regime somewhat humane communist states.however lcy retained absolute power communist regimes legislature little rubberstamp decisions already made lcys politburo.secret police state security administration udba operating considerably restraint counterparts rest eastern europe nonetheless feared tool government control.udba particularly notorious assassinating suspected enemies state lived exile overseas.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	media remained restrictions somewhat onerous western standards still somewhat latitude counterparts communist countries.nationalist groups particular target authorities numerous arrests prison sentences handed years separatist activities.dissent radical faction within party led milovan đilas advocating nearcomplete annihilation state apparatus time put titos intervention.early concern problems building economically irrational political factories inflation led group within communist leadership advocate greater decentralization.liberals opposed group around aleksandar ranković.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	liberals important edvard kardelj vladimir bakarić croatia petar stambolić serbia gained support tito.party meeting brijuni ranković faced fully prepared dossier accusations denunciation tito formed clique intention taking power.year yugoslavs fled trieste intention seek political asylum north america united kingdom australia.ranković forced resign party posts supporters expelled party.throughout economic development liberalization continued rapid pace.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	introduction reforms introduced variant market socialism entailed policy open borders.heavy federal investment tourism sr croatia revived expanded transformed major source income.successful measures yugoslav economy achieved relative selfsufficiency traded extensively west east.early foreign observers noted country booming yugoslav citizens enjoyed far greater liberties soviet union eastern bloc states.literacy increased dramatically reached medical care free levels life expectancy years.in leadership league communists yugoslavia notably miko tripalo savka dabčevićkučar allied nationalist nonparty groups began movement increase powers individual federated republics.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	movement referred maspok portmanteau masovni pokret meaning mass movement led croatian spring.tito responded incident purging croatian communist party yugoslav authorities arrested large numbers croatian protesters.avert ethnically driven protests future tito began initiate reforms demanded protesters.time ustašesympathizers outside yugoslavia tried terrorism guerrilla actions create separatist momentum unsuccessful sometimes even gaining animosity fellow roman catholic croatian yugoslavs.republics control economic plans.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	led wave investment turn accompanied growing level debt growing trend imports covered exports.many demands made croatian spring movement giving autonomy individual republics became reality new federal constitution .constitution gave republics autonomy also awarded similar status two autonomous provinces within serbia kosovo largely ethnic albanian populated region vojvodina region serb majority large numbers ethnic minorities hungarians.reforms satisfied republics especially croatia albanians kosovo minorities vojvodina.constitution deeply aggravated serbian communist officials serbs distrusted motives proponents reforms.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	many serbs saw reforms concessions croatian albanian nationalists similar autonomous provinces made represent large numbers serbs croatia bosnia herzegovina.serb nationalists frustrated titos support recognition montenegrins macedonians independent nationalities serbian nationalists claimed ethnic cultural difference separating two nations serbs could verify nationalities truly existed.tito maintained busy active travelling schedule despite advancing age.th birthday may marked huge celebrations.year visited libya soviet union north korea finally china postmao leadership finally made peace years denouncing sfry revisionists pay capitalism.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	followed tour france portugal algeria presidents doctors advised rest.august chinese leader hua guofeng visited belgrade reciprocating titos china trip year before.event sharply criticized soviet press especially tito used excuse indirectly attack moscows ally cuba promoting divisiveness nonaligned movement.china launched military campaign vietnam following february yugoslavia openly took beijings side dispute.effect rather adverse decline yugoslavsoviet relations.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	time yugoslavias first nuclear reactor construction krško built usbased westinghouse.project ultimately took complete disputes united states certain guarantees belgrade sign could receive nuclear materials included promise would sold third parties used anything peaceful purposes.posttito period tito died may due complications surgery.known time yearold presidents health failing death nonetheless came shock country.tito looked upon countrys hero world war ii countrys dominant figure identity three decades.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	loss marked significant alteration reported many yugoslavs openly mourned death.split soccer stadium serbs croats visited coffin among spontaneous outpourings grief funeral organized league communists hundreds world leaders attendance see titos state funeral.titos death new collective presidency communist leadership republic adopted.time titos death federal government headed veselin đuranović held post since .come conflict leaders republics arguing yugoslavia needed economize due growing problem foreign debt.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	đuranović argued devaluation needed tito refused countenance reasons national prestige.posttito yugoslavia faced significant fiscal debt good relations united states led americanled group organizations called friends yugoslavia endorse achieve significant debt relief yugoslavia though economic problems would continue states dissolution s. yugoslavia host nation winter olympics sarajevo.yugoslavia games demonstrated titos continued vision brotherhood unity multiple nationalities yugoslavia remained united one team yugoslavia became second communist state hold olympic games soviet union held .however yugoslavias games western countries participating soviet unions olympics boycotted some.late yugoslav government began deviate communism attempted transform market economy leadership prime minister ante marković advocated shock therapy tactics privatize sections yugoslav economy.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	marković popular seen capable politician able transform country liberalized democratic federation though later lost popularity mainly due rising unemployment.work left incomplete yugoslavia broke apart s. dissolution war tensions republics nations yugoslavia intensified s. causes collapse country associated nationalism ethnic conflict economic difficulty frustration government bureaucracy influence important figures country international politics.ideology particularly nationalism seen many primary source break yugoslavia.since yugoslavias communist regime became severely splintered liberaldecentralist nationalist faction led croatia slovenia supported decentralized federation greater local autonomy versus conservativecentralist nationalist faction led serbia supported centralized federation secure interests serbia serbs across yugoslavia – largest ethnic group country whole.croatia protests kosovo nationalist doctrines actions caused ethnic tensions destabilized country.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	suppression nationalists state believed effect identifying nationalism primary alternative communism made strong underground movement.late belgrade elite faced strong opposition force massive protests kosovo serbs montenegrins well public demands political reforms critical intelligentsia serbia slovenia.economics since late widening gap economic resources developed underdeveloped regions yugoslavia severely deteriorated federations unity.developed republics croatia slovenia rejected attempts limit autonomy provided constitution.public opinion slovenia saw better economic opportunity independence yugoslavia within it.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	also places saw economic benefit yugoslavia example autonomous province kosovo poorly developed per capita gdp fell percent yugoslav average immediate postwar period percent s.however economic issues demonstrated sole determining factor break yugoslavia period prosperous communist state eastern europe country fact disintegrated period economic recovery implementation economic reforms ante markovićs government.furthermore break yugoslavia leaders croatia serbia slovenia declined unofficial offer european community provide substantial economic support exchange political compromise.however issue economic inequality republics autonomous provinces nations yugoslavia resulted tensions claims disadvantage accusations privileges others groups.political protests serbia slovenia later developed ethnicdriven conflict began late protests alleged injustice bureaucratization political elite.members political elite managed redirect protests others.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	serb demonstrators worried disintegration country alleged others croats slovenes international institutions deemed responsible.slovene intellectual elite argued others serbs responsible greater serbian expansionist designs economic exploitation slovenia suppression slovene national identity.redirection actions popular protests allowed authorities serbia slovenia survive cost undermining unity yugoslavia.republics bosnia herzegovina croatia refused follow tactics taken serbia slovenia later resulting defeat respective league communists republic nationalist political forces.point view international politics argued end cold war contributed break yugoslavia yugoslavia lost strategic international political importance intermediary eastern western blocs.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	consequence yugoslavia lost economic political support provided west increased pressure international monetary fund imf reform institutions made impossible yugoslav reformist elite respond rising social disorder.the collapse communism throughout eastern europe soviet union undermined countrys ideological basis encouraged anticommunist nationalist forces westernoriented republics croatia slovenia increase demands.nationalist sentiment among ethnic serbs rose dramatically following ratification constitution reduced powers sr serbia autonomous provinces sap kosovo sap vojvodina.serbia caused increasing xenophobia albanians.kosovo administered mostly ethnic albanian communists serbian minority increasingly put forth complaints mistreatment abuse albanian majority.feelings inflamed serbian academy sciences arts sanu published sanu memorandum.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	serbian writers historians voiced various currents serb nationalist resentment.league communists yugoslavia skj time united condemning memorandum continued follow antinationalist policy.serbian communist official slobodan milošević sent bring calm ethnicallydriven protest serbs albanian administration sap kosovo.milošević point hardline communist decried forms nationalism treachery condemning sanu memorandum nothing else darkest nationalism.however kosovos autonomy always unpopular policy serbia took advantage situation made departure traditional communist neutrality issue kosovo.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	milošević assured serbs mistreatment ethnic albanians would stopped.began campaign ruling communist elite sr serbia demanding reductions autonomy kosovo vojvodina.actions made popular amongst serbs aided rise power serbia.milošević allies took aggressive nationalist agenda reviving sr serbia within yugoslavia promising reforms protection serbs.milošević proceeded take control governments vojvodina kosovo neighboring socialist republic montenegro dubbed antibureaucratic revolution serbian media.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	saps possessed vote yugoslav presidency accordance constitution together montenegro serbia milošević directly controlled four eight votes collective headofstate january .caused resentment among governments croatia slovenia along ethnic albanians kosovo sr bosnia herzegovina sr macedonia remained relatively neutral.fed miloševićs manipulation assembly first delegations league communists slovenia led milan kučan later league communists croatia led ivica račan walked extraordinary th congress league communists yugoslavia january effectively dissolving allyugoslav party.along external pressure caused adoption multiparty systems republics.individual republics organized multiparty elections excommunists mostly failed win reelection.croatia slovenia nationalist parties respective elections.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	april first multiparty elections slovenia yugoslavia since second world war held.demos coalition elections formed government started implement electoral reform programs.croatia croatian democratic union hdz election promising defend croatia milošević caused alarm among croatias large serbian minority.croatian serbs part wary hdz leader franjo tuđmans nationalist government serb nationalists southern croatian town knin organized formed separatist entity known sao krajina demanded remain union rest serb populations croatia decided secede.government serbia endorsed croatian serbs rebellion claiming serbs rule tuđmans government would equivalent world war ii fascist independent state croatia ndh committed genocide serbs world war ii.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	milošević used rally serbs croatian government serbian newspapers joined warmongering.serbia printed .billion worth new money without backing yugoslav central bank.slovenian independence referendum held december vast majority residents voted independence..
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	electors .participating voted independence – declared june .both slovenia croatia declared independence june .morning june units yugoslav peoples armys th corps left barracks rijeka croatia move towards slovenias borders italy.move immediately led strong reaction local slovenians organized spontaneous barricades demonstrations ypas actions.yet fighting sides appeared unofficial policy first open fire.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	time slovenian government already put action plan seize control international ljubljana airport slovenias border posts borders italy austria hungary.personnel manning border posts cases already slovenians slovenian takeover mostly simply amounted changing uniforms insignia without fighting.taking control borders slovenians able establish defensive positions expected ypa attack.meant ypa would fire first shot.fired june divača officer ypa.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	conflict spread ten days war many soldiers wounded killed ypa ineffective.many unmotivated soldiers slovenian croatian bosnian macedonian nationality deserted quietly rebelled serbian officers wanted intensify conflict.also marked end ypa composed members yugoslav nations.ypa consisted mainly men serbian nationality.on july whilst supportive respective rights national selfdetermination european community pressured slovenia croatia place threemonth moratorium independence brijuni agreement recognized representatives republics.three months yugoslav army completed pullout slovenia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	negotiations restore yugoslav federation diplomat lord peter carington members european community ended.caringtons plan realized yugoslavia state dissolution decided republic must accept inevitable independence others along promise serbian president milošević european union would ensure serbs outside serbia would protected.milošević refused agree plan claimed european community right dissolve yugoslavia plan interests serbs would divide serb people four republics serbia montenegro bosnia herzegovina croatia.carington responded putting issue vote republics including montenegro momir bulatović initially agreed plan would dissolve yugoslavia.however intense pressure serbia montenegros president montenegro changed position oppose dissolution yugoslavia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	plitvice lakes incident late marchearly april croatian war independence broke croatian government rebel ethnic serbs sao krajina heavily backed bynow serbcontrolled yugoslav peoples army.april sao krajina declared would secede croatia.immediately croatias declaration independence croatian serbs also formed sao western slavonia sao eastern slavonia baranja western srijem.three regions would combine republic serbian krajina rsk december .influence xenophobia ethnic hatred collapse yugoslavia became clear war croatia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	propaganda croatian serbian sides spread fear claiming side would engage oppression would exaggerate death tolls increase support populations.beginning months war serbdominated yugoslav army navy deliberately shelled civilian areas split dubrovnik unesco world heritage site well nearby croat villages.yugoslav media claimed actions done due claimed presence fascist ustaše forces international terrorists city.un investigations found forces dubrovnik time.croatian military presence increased later on.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	montenegrin prime minister milo đukanović time ally milošević appealed montenegrin nationalism promising capture dubrovnik would allow expansion montenegro city claimed historically part montenegro denounced present borders montenegro drawn old poorly educated bolshevik cartographers.at time serbian government contradicted montenegrin allies claims serbian prime minister dragutin zelenović contended dubrovnik historically serbian montenegrin.international media gave immense attention bombardment dubrovnik claimed evidence milosevic pursuing creation greater serbia yugoslavia collapsed presumably aid subordinate montenegrin leadership bulatović serb nationalists montenegro foster montenegrin support retaking dubrovnik.vukovar ethnic tensions croats serbs exploded violence yugoslav army entered town november .yugoslav army serbian paramilitaries devastated town urban warfare destruction croatian property.serb paramilitaries committed atrocities croats killing displacing others add fled town vukovar massacre.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	bosnias demographic structure comprising mixed population bosniaks serbs croats ownership large areas bosnia dispute.situation multiethnic bosnia herzegovina grew tense.parliament fragmented ethnic lines plurality bosniak faction minority serb croat factions.controversial nationalist leader radovan karadžić largest serb faction parliament serb democratic party gave grave direct warning bosnian parliament decide separate saying good.path want take bosnia herzegovina highway hell death slovenia croatia went on.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	dont think wont take bosnia herzegovina hell muslim people maybe extinction.muslim people cannot defend war here.radovan karadžić october .in meantime behind scenes negotiations began milošević tuđman divide bosnia herzegovina serb croat administered territories attempt avert war bosnian croats serbs.bosnian serbs held november referendum resulted overwhelming vote favor staying common state serbia montenegro.public prostate media serbia claimed bosnians bosnia herzegovina could included new voluntary union within new yugoslavia based democratic government taken seriously bosnia herzegovinas government.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	january bosnian serb assembly proclaimed separate republic serb people bosnia herzegovina soontobe republic srpska proceeded form serbian autonomous regions sars throughout state.serbian referendum remaining yugoslavia creation serbian autonomous regions sars proclaimed unconstitutional government bosnia herzegovina.independence referendum sponsored bosnian government held february march .referendum turn declared contrary bosnian federal constitution federal constitution court newly established bosnian serb government also largely boycotted bosnian serbs.according official results turnout .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	.voters voted independence.unclear twothirds majority requirement actually meant whether satisfied.following secession bosnia herzegovina april sfr yugoslavia de facto dissolved five successor states bosnia herzegovina croatia macedonia slovenia federal republic yugoslavia later renamed serbia montenegro.badinter commission later – noted yugoslavia disintegrated several independent states possible talk secession slovenia croatia yugoslavia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	post united nations membership september federal republic yugoslavia consisting serbia montenegro failed achieve de jure recognition continuation socialist federal republic united nations.separately recognised successor alongside slovenia croatia bosnia herzegovina macedonia.federal republic yugoslavia declined reapply membership united nations united nations secretariat allowed mission sfry continue operate accredited representatives federal republic yugoslavia sfry mission continuing work various united nations organs.overthrow slobodan milošević government fr yugoslavia applied un membership .politics constitution yugoslav constitution adopted amended .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	league communists yugoslavia first elections remained power throughout states existence.composed individual communist parties constituent republic.party would reform political positions party congresses delegates republic represented voted changes party policy last held .yugoslavias parliament known federal assembly housed building currently houses serbias parliament.federal assembly composed entirely communist members.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	primary political leader state josip broz tito several important politicians particularly titos death see list leaders communist yugoslavia.tito elected presidentforlife yugoslavia.titos death single position president divided collective presidency representatives republic would essentially form committee concerns republic would addressed collective federal policy goals objectives would implemented.head collective presidency rotated representatives republics.collective presidency considered head state yugoslavia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	collective presidency ended yugoslavia fell apart.major reforms yugoslavias constitution occurred.among changes controversial internal division serbia created two autonomous provinces within vojvodina kosovo.autonomous provinces voting power equal republics retroactively participated serbian decisionmaking constituent parts sr serbia.federal units internally yugoslav federation divided six constituent states.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	formation initiated war years finalized –.initially designated federated states adoption first federal constitution january officially named peoples republics later socialist republics forward.constitutionally defined mutually equal rights duties within federation.initially initiatives create several autonomous units within federal units enforced serbia two autonomous units vojvodina kosovo created .in alphabetical order republics provinces foreign policy tito yugoslavia adopted policy nonalignment cold war.developed close relations developing countries leading role nonaligned movement well maintaining cordial relations united states western european countries.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	stalin considered tito traitor openly offered condemnation towards him.yugoslavia provided major assistance anticolonialist movements third world.yugoslav delegation first bring demands algerian national liberation front united nations.january french navy boarded slovenija cargo ship oran whose holds filled weapons insurgents.diplomat danilo milic explained tito leading nucleus league communists yugoslavia really saw third worlds liberation struggles replica struggle fascist occupants.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	vibrated rhythm advances setbacks fln vietcong.thousands yugoslav cooperants travelled guinea decolonisation french government tried destabilise country.tito also helped liberation movements portuguese colonies.saw murder patrice lumumba greatest crime contemporary history.countrys military schools hosted activists swapo namibia pan africanist congress azania south africa.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	secret services south africa argentina planned bring anticommunist guerrillas yugoslavia.operation aimed overthrowing tito planned olympic games period soviets would busy react.operation finally abandoned due titos death yugoslav armed forces raised alert level.january yugoslavia first communist country open borders foreign visitors abolish visa requirements.year tito became active promoting peaceful resolution arab–israeli conflict.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	plan called arab countries recognize state israel exchange israel returning territories gained.arab countries rejected land peace concept.however year yugoslavia longer recognized israel.following soviet invasion czechoslovakia tito added additional defense line yugoslavias borders warsaw pact countries.later tito offered czechoslovak leader alexander dubček would fly prague three hours notice dubček needed help facing soviet union occupying czechoslovakia time.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	yugoslavia mixed relations towards enver hoxhas albania.initially yugoslavalbanian relations forthcoming albania adopted common market yugoslavia required teaching serbocroatian students high schools.time concept creating balkan federation discussed yugoslavia albania bulgaria.albania time heavily dependent economic support yugoslavia fund initially weak infrastructure.trouble yugoslavia albania began albanians began complain yugoslavia paying little albanias natural resources.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	afterward relations yugoslavia albania worsened.onward soviet union backed albania opposition yugoslavia.issue albaniandominated kosovo yugoslavia albania attempted neutralize threat nationalist conflict hoxha opposed albanian nationalism officially believed world communist ideal international brotherhood people though occasions made inflammatory speeches support albanians kosovo yugoslav government public sentiment albania firmly support kosovos albanians.economy despite common origins socialist economy yugoslavia much different economy soviet union economies eastern bloc especially yugoslav–soviet breakup .though stateowned enterprises yugoslav companies nominally collectively managed employees workers selfmanagement albeit state oversight dictating wage bills hiring firing managers occupation liberation struggle world war ii left yugoslavias infrastructure devastated.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	even developed parts country largely rural little industry country largely damaged destroyed.unemployment chronic problem yugoslavia unemployment rates amongst highest europe existence reach critical levels due safety valve provided sending one million guest workers yearly advanced industrialized countries western europe.departure yugoslavs seeking work began individuals began slipping across border illegally.mids yugoslavia lifted emigration restrictions number emigrants increased rapidly especially west germany.early countrys labor force .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	million workers employed abroad.also source capital foreign currency yugoslavia.due yugoslavias neutrality leading role nonaligned movement yugoslav companies exported western eastern markets.yugoslav companies carried construction numerous major infrastructural industrial projects africa europe asia.economy reorganized according edvard kardeljs theory associated labor right decisionmaking share profits workerrun cooperatives based investment labour.companies transformed organizations associated labor.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	smallest basic organizations associated labor roughly corresponded small company department large company.organized enterprises turn associated composite organizations associated labor could large companies even wholeindustry branches certain area.executive decisionmaking based enterprises continued compete extent even part composite organization.in practice appointment managers strategic policies composite organizations depending size importance often subject political personal influencepeddling.order give employees access decisionmaking basic organisations associated labor also applied public services including health education.basic organizations usually made dozen people workers councils whose assent needed strategic decisions appointment managers enterprises public institutions.the results reforms however satisfactory.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	rampant wageprice inflations substantial rundown capital plant consumer shortages income gap poorer southern relatively affluent northern regions country remained.selfmanagement system stimulated inflationary economy needed support it.large stateowned enterprises operated monopolists unrestricted access capital shared according political criteria.oil crisis magnified economic problems government tried solve extensive foreign borrowing.although actions resulted reasonable rate growth years gnp grew .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	yearly growth unsustainable since rate foreign borrowing grew annual rate .life conditions deteriorated yugoslavia reflected soaring unemployment rates inflation.late unemployment rate yugoslavia another underemployed unemployed age .real net personal income declined .. nominal gdp per capita yugoslavia current prices us dollars .central government tried reform selfmanagement system create open market economy considerable state ownership major industrial factories strikes major plants hyperinflation held back progress.the yugoslav wars consequent loss market well mismanagement andor nontransparent privatization brought economic trouble former republics yugoslavia s.the yugoslav currency yugoslav dinar.various economic indicators around wereinflation rate consumer prices est.unemployment rate gnp .billion per capita real growth rate – .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	est.budget revenues .billion expenditures .billion including capital expenditures na exports .billion f.o.b.commodities—raw materials semimanufactures consumer goods capital goods equipment partners—ec cema less developed countries us imports .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	billion c.i.f.commodities—raw materials semimanufactures capital goods equipment consumer goods partners—ec cema less developed countries us external debt .billion medium long term electricity kw capacity million kwh produced kwh per capita transportation air transport communist country tito–stalin split yugoslavia initiated period military neutrality nonalignment.airlines supplied east west.jat yugoslav airlines became flag carrier absorbing previous company aeroput.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	existence grew become one leading airlines europe fleet destinations.fleet included westernbuilt aircraft destinations included continents.airlines created namely aviogenex adria airways pan adria airways mostly focused growing tourist industry.capital belgrade airport became regional hub offering flights either national airline jat airlines important destinations worldwide.aside belgrade international flights would include stop zagreb airport second national airport terms passenger cargo capacity two became sole international hubs.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	secondary airports ones sarajevo skopje split ljubljana directly linked international flights either belgrade zagreb number tourismoriented destinations developed dubrovnik rijeka ohrid tivat others.railways railway system yugoslavia operated yugoslav railways.much infrastructure inherited prewwii period sfry period marked extension electrification rails.electric diesel locomotives introduced number onwards.much early rolling stock european produced time replaced domestically built locomotives mostly rade končar carriages mostly goša.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	main two projects sfry period electrification zagreb–belgrade railway building highly challenging belgrade–bar railway.yugoslav railways operated number international services orient express.roads core road network yugoslavia brotherhood unity highway highway stretched km mi austrian border rateče near kranjska gora northwest via ljubljana zagreb belgrade skopje gevgelija greek border southeast.main modern highway country connecting four constituent republics.pioneer highway centraleastern europe main link central western europe southeastern europe middle east.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	construction began initiative president tito.first section zagreb belgrade built effort yugoslav peoples army volunteer youth work actions opened .section ljubljana zagreb built volunteers less eight months .maritime river transportation extensive coast adriatic sea yugoslavia included several large ports split rijeka zadar pula.ferries providing passenger service established linking yugoslav ports several ports italy greece.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	regarding rivers danube navigable throughout entire course yugoslavia linking ports belgrade novi sad vukovar central europe black sea.long stretches rivers sava drava tisza also navigable.urban accompanying high urban growth urban transportation yugoslavia significantly developed republic capitals major cities.urban bus networks existed cities many also included trolleybuses trams.despite planned decades belgrade metro never materialised belgrade became major capital europe metro.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	instead belgrade city authorities opted development urban rail transport beovoz extensive tram bus trolley network.besides capital belgrade cities developed tram networks well.urban rail transport infrastructure yugoslavia consisted ofbosnia herzegovinatrams sarajevocroatiazagreb tram systemosijek tram systemdubrovnik tram system rijeka tram system serbiabelgrade tram systemniš tram system novi sad tram system subotica tram system slovenialjubljana tram system piran tram system kingdom italy also opatija tram trams pula istria province de facto ceded yugoslavia.communications radio television one founding members european broadcasting union yugoslav radio television known jrt national public broadcasting system yugoslavia.consisted eight subnational radio television broadcast centers one headquartered one six constituent republics two autonomous provinces.television center created programming independently operated several channels.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	subnational broadcasting centers became public broadcasters newly independent states altered names breakup yugoslavia.zagreb radio started broadcasting may first public broadcasting facility southeast europe.th anniversary establishment zagreb radio station may first television programme broadcast.first tv station yugoslavia would later become color station .rt belgrade rt ljubljana started broadcasting television programmes two years later .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	geography like kingdom yugoslavia preceded sfry bordered italy austria northwest hungary northeast romania bulgaria east greece south albania southwest adriatic sea west.socialist period common history geography teachers teach students yugoslavia bordered brigama serbocroatian word meaning worries acronym initials countries yugoslavia bordered transformed mnemonic principle used easy learning ironic reminder difficult relations yugoslav people neighbors past.significant change borders sfry occurred adjacent free territory trieste dissolved treaty osimo.yugoslav zone b covered .square kilometres .
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	sq mi became part sfry.zone b already occupied yugoslav national army.country bordered italy adriatic sea west austria hungary north romania bulgaria east greece south albania southwest.sfrys territory disintegrated independent states slovenia croatia macedonia bosnia herzegovina separated though yugoslav military controlled parts croatia bosnia prior states dissolution.republics serbia montenegro remained committed union formed federal republic yugoslavia fry year.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	demographics ethnic groups sfry recognised nations narodi nationalities narodnosti separately former included constituent south slavic peoples croats macedonians montenegrins muslims serbs slovenes latter included slavic nonslavic ethnic groups slovaks bulgarians rusyns czechs slavic albanians hungarians romani turks romanians vlachs italians germans nonslavic.total known sizeable ethnic groups known live yugoslavia.also yugoslav ethnic designation people wanted identify entire country including people born parents mixed marriages.languages population yugoslavia spoke mainly three languages serbocroatian slovene macedonian.serbocroatian spoken populations federated republics sr serbia sr croatia sr bosnia herzegovina sr montenegro – total people late s. slovene spoken approximately inhabitants sr slovenia macedonian spoken inhabitants sr macedonia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	national minorities used languages well speaking hungarian primarily sap vojvodina persons speaking albanian sr serbia primarily sap kosovo sr macedonia sr montenegro.turkish romanian primarily sap vojvodina italian primarily istria parts dalmatia also spoken lesser extent.yugoslav albanians almost exclusively ghegs chose use unified standard language albania predominantly based tosk albanian different dialect political reasons.three main languages belong south slavic language group thus similar allowing people different areas understand other.intellectuals mostly acquainted three languages people modest means sr slovenia sr macedonia provided opportunity learn serbocroatian compulsory service federal military.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	serbocroatian madeup three dialects shtokavian kajkavian chakavian shtokavian used standard official dialect language.official serbocroatian shtokavian divided two similar variants croatian western variant serbian eastern variant minor differences telling two apart.two alphabets used yugoslavia latin alphabet cyrillic script.alphabets modified use serbocroatian th century thus serbocroatian latin alphabet closely known gajs latin alphabet cyrillic referred serbian cyrillic alphabet.serbocroatian uses alphabets slovene uses latin alphabet macedonian uses cyrillic alphabet.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	bosnian croatian variants language used exclusively latin serbian variant used latin cyrillic.emigration small negative population growth former yugoslavia reflected high level emigration.even breakup country yugoslavia one important sending societies international migration.important receiving society switzerland target estimated total migrants account total swiss population.similar numbers emigrated germany austria australia sweden north america.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	military armed forces sfr yugoslavia consisted yugoslav peoples army jugoslovenska narodna armija jna territorial defense civil defense cz milicija police wartime.socialist yugoslavia maintained strong military force.jna main organization military forces plus remnacents royal yugoslav army composed ground army navy aviation.militarily yugoslavia policy selfsufficiency.due policy neutrality nonalignment efforts made develop countrys military industry provide military needs even export.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	military equipment pieces domestically produced imported east west.regular army mostly originated yugoslav partisans world war ii.yugoslavia thriving arms industry exported nations kuwait iraq burma among others including number staunchly anticommunist regimes like guatemala.yugoslav companies like zastava arms produced sovietdesigned weaponry license well creating weaponry scratch ranging police pistols airplanes.soko example successful military aircraft design yugoslavia yugoslav wars.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	beside federal army six republics respective territorial defense forces.national guard sorts established frame new military doctrine called general popular defense answer brutal end prague spring warsaw pact czechoslovakia .organized republic autonomous province municipality local community levels.yugoslavia splintered army factionalized along ethnic lines – serbs made almost entire army separating states formed own.education universities university zagreb founded university belgrade founded university ljubljana founded already existed creation socialist yugoslavia.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	numerous universities established throughout countryuniversity sarajevo university skopje university novi sad university niš university pristina university arts belgrade university rijeka university split university titograd university banja luka university maribor university osijek university kragujevac university tuzla university mostar university bitola arts prior collapse yugoslavia yugoslavia modern multicultural society.characteristic attention based concept brotherhood unity memory communist yugoslav partisans victory fascists nationalists rebirth yugoslav people although forms art flourished freely unlike socialist counties.sfry history yugoslavia world war ii omnipresent portrayed struggle yugoslavia axis powers struggle good evil within yugoslavia multiethnic yugoslav partisans represented good yugoslavs fighting manipulated evil yugoslavs – croatian ustaše serbian chetniks.sfry presented people leader nonaligned movement sfry dedicated creating harmonious marxist world.artists different ethnicities country popular amongst ethnicities film industry yugoslavia avoided nationalist overtones s. unlike socialist societies yugoslavia considered tolerant popular classical art long overly critical ruling regime made yugoslavia appear free country despite oneparty regime structure.literature prominent yugoslav writers nobel prize literature laureate ivo andrić miroslav krleža meša selimović branko ćopić mak dizdar others.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	graphic arts notable painters included đorđe andrejević kun petar lubarda mersad berber milić od mačve others.prominent sculptor antun augustinčić made monument standing front united nations headquarters new york city.film yugoslav cinema featured notable actors danilo stojković ida kravanja ljuba tadić fabijan šovagović mirko bogataj mustafa nadarević bata živojinović boris dvornik ratko polič ljubiša samardžić dragan nikolić pavle vujisić arnold tovornik volodja peer mira banjac stevo žigon voja brajović ivo ban miki manojlović svetlana bojković miodrag petrović čkalja zoran radmilović špela rozin josif tatić milan gutović milena dravić milena zupančič bekim fehmiu neda arnerić janez škof rade šerbedžija mira furlan ena begović others.film directors included emir kusturica dušan makavejev duša počkaj goran marković lordan zafranović goran paskaljević živojin pavlović hajrudin krvavac.many yugoslav films featured eminent foreign actors orson welles sergei bondarchuk franco nero yul brynner academy award nominated battle neretva richard burton sutjeska.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	also many foreign films shot locations yugoslavia including domestic crews force navarone armour god well escape sobibor.music traditional music prominent traditional music artists awardwinning tanec ensemble gypsy music performer esma redžepova others.popular genre yugoslavia also exported neighboring countries also popular among yugoslav emigration worldwide narodna muzika.slovenian popular folk music played avsenik brothers ansambel bratov avsenik lojze slak.the folk music emerged force socalled novokomponovana muzika style appeared gave place controversial turbofolk style.lepa brena become popular singer yugoslavia topselling female recording artist million records sold.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	folk performers enjoyed great popularity became constant presence tabloids media.yugoslav music scene diverse genres became known internationally traditional folklor music appreciated worldwide rockpop music appreciated eastern lesser extent western europe turbofolk music widely exported neighboring countries.classical music pianist ivo pogorelić violinist stefan milenković internationally acclaimed classical music performers jakov gotovac prominent composer conductor.popular music member nonaligned movement yugoslavia far open western culture socialist countries westerninfluenced popular music socially accepted well covered media included numerous concerts music magazines radio tv shows.yugoslav rock scene emerged late generally followed western european american trends local eastern european influence.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	notable yugoslav rock acts included atomsko sklonište azra bajaga instruktori đorđe balašević bijelo dugme buldožer crvena jabuka zdravko čolić divlje jagode ekatarina velika električni orgazam film galija haustor idoli indexi korni grupa kud idijoti laboratorija zvuka lačni franz laibach leb sol josipa lisac pankrti paraf parni valjak partibrejkers pekinška patka plavi orkestar prljavo kazalište psihomodo pop riblja čorba september smak šarlo akrobata time yu grupa zabranjeno pušenje paraf others.communist country took part eurovision song contest starting even western nations group riva winning .architectural heritage although yugoslav cities towns architecturally resembled followed styles central southeastern europe became characteristic sfry period creation modernist brutalist style architecture buildings neighborhoods.yugoslav cities expanded greatly period government often opted creation modernist planned neighborhoods accommodate growing working middleclass.typical examples novi beograd novi zagreb neighborhoods two major cities.yugoslav world war ii monuments memorialspeoples heroes yugoslavia monuments sports fprsfr yugoslavia developed strong athletic sports community notably team sports association football basketball handball water polo volleyball.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	football countrys biggest footballing achievement came club level red star belgrade winning – european cup beating olympique de marseille final played may .later year became world club champions beating colocolo – intercontinental cup.previously red star reached – uefa cup twolegged final belgrade crosstown rivals partizan – european cup finalists.dinamo zagreb – intercities fairs cup.furthermore čelik zenica twice red star belgrade vojvodina partizan iskra bugojno borac banja luka mitropa cup velež mostar rijeka dinamo zagreb radnički niš balkans cup.on national team level fprsfr yugoslavia qualified seven fifa world cups best result coming chile thplace finish equalizing kingdom yugoslavia achievement .country also played four european championships.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	best results came team lost finals—in soviet union italy.yugoslavia also first nonwestern european country host european championship uefa euro .additionally yugoslav olympic team gold olympics rome previously silver three preceding olympic games — london helsinki melbourne.team additionally bronze los angeles.in youth category yugoslavia team qualified two fifa world youth championships chile yugoslav team qualified four uefa european football championships winning inaugural edition coming runnersup .on individual player front yugoslavia produced notable performers world stage rajko mitić stjepan bobek bernard vukas vladimir beara dragoslav šekularac milan galić josip skoblar ivan ćurković velibor vasović dragan džajić safet sušić dragan stojković dejan savićević darko pančev robert prosinečki others.basketball unlike football inherited lot infrastructure knowhow preworld war ii kingdom yugoslavia basketball little prior heritage.sport thus nurtured developed scratch within communist yugoslavia individual enthusiasts nebojša popović bora stanković radomir šaper aca nikolić ranko žeravica.
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia	though member fiba since national team didnt qualify major competition world war ii.countrys umbrella basketball association yugoslav basketball federation ksj established.following major competition debut eurobasket yugoslav national team didnt take long become contender world stage first medal silver coming eurobasket .countrys notable results winning three fiba world championships gold medal olympics moscow addition five european championships three consecutively followed two consecutive ones .result fiba world championship win basketball experienced significant surge popularity throughout country leading authorities initiating construction number indoor sporting facilities.arenas built period include zagrebs dom sportova belgrades hala pionir baldekin sports hall šibenik dvorana mladosti rijeka hala pinki belgrade municipality zemun čair sports center niš kragujevacs hala jezero morača sports center titograd gripe sports centre split etc.simultaneously club level multitier league system established first federal league top pyramid.

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