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Android (operating system)	updates installed devices overtheair.latest major release android .the extensive variation hardware android devices caused significant delays software upgrades security patches.upgrade specifically tailored time resourceconsuming process.except devices within google nexus pixel brands updates often arrived months release new version all.manufacturers often prioritize newest devices leave old ones behind.
Android (operating system)	additional delays introduced wireless carriers receiving updates manufacturers customize android needs conduct extensive testing networks sending upgrade.also situations upgrades impossible due manufacturer updating necessary drivers.the lack aftersale support manufacturers carriers widely criticized consumer groups technology media.commentators noted industry financial incentive upgrade devices lack updates existing devices fuels purchase newer ones attitude described insulting.guardian complained method distribution updates complicated manufacturers carriers designed way.google partnered number industry players announce android update alliance pledging deliver timely updates every device months release however another official word alliance since announcement.in google began decoupling certain aspects operating system particularly central applications could updated google play store independently os.
Android (operating system)	one components google play services closedsource systemlevel process providing apis google services installed automatically nearly devices running android .froyo higher.changes google add new system functions update apps without distribute upgrade operating system itself.result android ..
Android (operating system)	jelly bean contained relatively fewer userfacing changes focusing minor changes platform improvements.htcs thenexecutive jason mackenzie called monthly security updates unrealistic google trying persuade carriers exclude security patches full testing procedures.may bloomberg businessweek reported google making efforts keep android uptodate including accelerated rates security updates rolling technological workarounds reducing requirements phone testing ranking phone makers attempt shame better behavior.stated bloomberg smartphones get capable complex hackable latest software work closely hardware increasingly important.hiroshi lockheimer android lead admitted ideal situation commenting lack updates weakest link security android.wireless carriers described report challenging discussions due slow approval time testing networks despite carriers including verizon wireless sprint corporation already shortening approval times.
Android (operating system)	effort persuasion google shared list top phone makers measured updated devices android partners considering making list public.mike chan cofounder phone maker nextbit former android developer said best way solve problem massive rearchitecture operating system google could invest training manufacturers carriers good android citizens.in may announcement android .google introduced project treble major rearchitect android os framework designed make easier faster less costly manufacturers update devices newer versions android.project treble separates vendor implementation devicespecific lowerlevel software written silicon manufacturers android os framework via new vendor interface.android .
Android (operating system)	earlier formal vendor interface exists device makers must update large portions android code move device newer version operating system.treble new stable vendor interface provides access hardwarespecific parts android enabling device makers deliver new android releases simply updating android os framework without additional work required silicon manufacturers.in september googles project treble team revealed part efforts improve security lifecycle android devices google managed get linux foundation agree extend support lifecycle linux longterm support lts kernel branch years historically lasted years future versions lts kernel starting linux kernel ..in may announcement android google introduced project mainline simplify expedite delivery updates android ecosystem.project mainline enables updates core os components google play store.result important security performance improvements previously needed part full os updates downloaded installed easily app update.google reported rolling new amendments android aimed making use thirdparty application stores easier.announcement rectified concerns reported regarding development android apps including fight alternative inapp payment system difficulties faced businesses moving online covid.
Android (operating system)	linux kernel androids kernel based linux kernels longterm support lts branches.android uses versions ...linux kernel.
Android (operating system)	actual kernel depends individual device.androids variant linux kernel architectural changes implemented google outside typical linux kernel development cycle inclusion components like device trees ashmem ion different memory oom handling.certain features google contributed back linux kernel notably power management feature called wakelocks initially rejected mainline kernel developers partly felt google show intent maintain code.google announced april would hire two employees work linux kernel community greg kroahhartman current linux kernel maintainer stable branch said december concerned google longer trying get code changes included mainstream linux.google engineer patrick brady stated companys developer conference android linux computerworld adding let make simple without linux android.ars technica wrote although android built top linux kernel platform little common conventional desktop linux stack.in august linus torvalds said eventually android linux would come back common kernel probably four five years.
Android (operating system)	december greg kroahhartman announced start android mainlining project aims put android drivers patches features back linux kernel starting linux .. linux included autosleep wakelocks capabilities .kernel many previous attempts merger.interfaces upstream linux implementation allows two different suspend modes memory traditional suspend android uses disk hibernate known desktop.google maintains public code repository contains experimental work rebase android latest stable linux versions.android linux distribution according linux foundation googles opensource chief chris dibona several journalists.others google engineer patrick brady say android linux traditional unixlike linux distribution sense android include gnu c library uses bionic alternative c library components typically found linux distributions.with release android oreo google began require devices shipped new socs linux kernel version .
Android (operating system)	newer security reasons.existing devices upgraded oreo new products launched older socs exempt rule.rooting flash storage android devices split several partitions system operating system data user data application installations.in contrast typical desktop linux distributions android device owners given root access operating system sensitive partitions system readonly.however root access obtained exploiting security flaws android used frequently opensource community enhance capabilities customizability devices also malicious parties install viruses malware.the process enabling root access may require devices bootloader locked default unlocked state.unlocking process resets system factory state erasing user data.
Android (operating system)	software stack top linux kernel middleware libraries apis written c application software running application framework includes javacompatible libraries.development linux kernel continues independently androids source code projects.android uses android runtime art runtime environment introduced version .uses aheadoftime aot compilation entirely compile application bytecode machine code upon installation application.android .art experimental feature enabled default became runtime option next major version android .. versions longer supported version .
Android (operating system)	art took android previously used dalvik process virtual machine tracebased justintime jit compilation run dalvik dexcode dalvik executable usually translated java bytecode.following tracebased jit principle addition interpreting majority application code dalvik performs compilation native execution select frequently executed code segments traces time application launched.for java library android platform uses subset discontinued apache harmony project.december google announced next version android would switch java implementation based openjdk project.androids standard c library bionic developed google specifically android derivation bsds standard c library code.bionic designed several major features specific linux kernel.main benefits using bionic instead gnu c library glibc uclibc smaller runtime footprint optimization lowfrequency cpus.
Android (operating system)	time bionic licensed terms bsd licence google finds suitable androids overall licensing model.aiming different licensing model toward end google switched bluetooth stack android gpllicensed bluez apachelicensed bluedroid.new bluetooth stack called gabeldorsche developed try fix bugs bluedroid implementation.android native x window system default support full set standard gnu libraries.made difficult port existing linux applications libraries android version r android native development kit brought support applications written completely c c. libraries written c may also used applications injection small shim usage jni.in current versions android toybox collection commandline utilities mostly use apps android provide commandline interface default used since release marshmallow replacing similar toolbox collection found previous android versions.android another operating system trusty os within part trusty software components supporting trusted execution environment tee mobile devices.trusty trusty api subject change... applications trusty os written cc c support limited access small c library.
Android (operating system)	.. trusty applications singlethreaded multithreading trusty userspace currently unsupported... thirdparty application development supported current version software running os processor run drm framework protected content... many uses tee mobile payments secure banking fulldisk encryption multifactor authentication device reset protection replayprotected persistent storage wireless display cast protected content secure pin fingerprint processing even malware detection.opensource community androids source code released google open source license open nature encouraged large community developers enthusiasts use opensource code foundation communitydriven projects deliver updates older devices add new features advanced users bring android devices originally shipped operating systems.communitydeveloped releases often bring new features updates devices faster official manufacturercarrier channels comparable level quality provide continued support older devices longer receive official updates bring android devices officially released running operating systems hp touchpad.
Android (operating system)	community releases often come prerooted contain modifications provided original vendor ability overclock overundervolt devices processor.cyanogenmod widely used community firmware discontinued succeeded lineageos.there august handful notable custom android distributions roms latest android version .pie released publicly august .see list custom android distributions.historically device manufacturers mobile carriers typically unsupportive thirdparty firmware development.manufacturers express concern improper functioning devices running unofficial software support costs resulting this.
Android (operating system)	moreover modified firmware cyanogenmod sometimes offer features tethering carriers would otherwise charge premium.result technical obstacles including locked bootloaders restricted access root permissions common many devices.however communitydeveloped software grown popular following statement librarian congress united states permits jailbreaking mobile devices manufacturers carriers softened position regarding third party development including htc motorola samsung sony providing support encouraging development.result time need circumvent hardware restrictions install unofficial firmware lessened increasing number devices shipped unlocked unlockable bootloaders similar nexus series phones although usually requiring users waive devices warranties so.however despite manufacturer acceptance carriers us still require phones locked frustrating developers customers.
Android (operating system)	device codenames internally android identifies supported device device codename short string may may similar model name used marketing device.example device codename pixel smartphone sailfish.the device codename usually visible end user important determining compatibility modified android versions.sometimes also mentioned articles discussing device allows distinguish different hardware variants device even manufacturer offers name.device codename available running applications android.os.build.device.security privacy google launched android partner vulnerability initiative improve security android.
Android (operating system)	also formed android security team.common security threats research security company trend micro lists premium service abuse common type android malware text messages sent infected phones premiumrate telephone numbers without consent even knowledge user.malware displays unwanted intrusive advertisements device sends personal information unauthorised third parties.security threats android reportedly growing exponentially however google engineers argued malware virus threat android exaggerated security companies commercial reasons accused security industry playing fears sell virus protection software users.google maintains dangerous malware actually extremely rare survey conducted fsecure showed .
Android (operating system)	android malware reported come google play store.in journalists researchers reported discovery spyware called pegasus developed distributed private company used infect ios android smartphones often – partly via use day exploits – without need userinteraction significant clues user used exfiltrate data track user locations capture film camera activate microphone time.analysis data traffic popular smartphones running variants android found substantial bydefault data collection sharing optout preinstalled software.issues addressed cannot addressed security patches.scope surveillance public institutions part broader mass surveillance disclosures revealed september american british intelligence agencies national security agency nsa government communications headquarters gchq respectively access user data iphone blackberry android devices.reportedly able read almost smartphone information including sms location emails notes.
Android (operating system)	january reports revealed intelligence agencies capabilities intercept personal information transmitted across internet social networks popular applications angry birds collect personal information users advertising commercial reasons.gchq according guardian wikistyle guide different apps advertising networks different data siphoned each.later week finnish angry birds developer rovio announced reconsidering relationships advertising platforms light revelations called upon wider industry same.the documents revealed effort intelligence agencies intercept google maps searches queries submitted android smartphones collect location information bulk.nsa gchq insist activities comply relevant domestic international laws although guardian stated latest disclosures could also add mounting public concern technology sector collects uses information especially outside us enjoy fewer privacy protections americans.leaked documents published wikileaks codenamed vault dated detail capabilities central intelligence agency cia perform electronic surveillance cyber warfare including ability compromise operating systems smartphones including android.security patches august google announced devices google nexus series would begin receive monthly security patches.
Android (operating system)	google also wrote nexus devices continue receive major updates least two years security patches longer three years initial availability months last sale device via google store.following october researchers university cambridge concluded .android phones use known unpatched security vulnerabilities due lack updates support.ron amadeo ars technica wrote also august android originally designed else widely adopted.google starting scratch zero percent market share happy give control give everyone seat table exchange adoption.
Android (operating system)	... though android around – percent worldwide smartphone market—making worlds popular mobile operating system arguably popular operating system period.security become big issue.android still uses software update chainofcommand designed back android ecosystem zero devices update doesnt work.following news googles monthly schedule manufacturers including samsung lg promised issue monthly security updates noted jerry hildenbrand android central february instead got updates specific versions small handful models.bunch broken promises.in march post googles security blog android security leads adrian ludwig mel miller wrote million devices manufacturers received platform security update carrier hardware partners helped expand deployment updates releasing updates half top devices worldwide last quarter .
Android (operating system)	also wrote half devices use end received platform security update previous year stating work would continue focus streamlining security updates program easier deployment manufacturers.furthermore comment techcrunch ludwig stated wait time security updates reduced six nine weeks days flagship devices north america uptodate security end .patches bugs found core operating system often reach users older lowerpriced devices.however opensource nature android allows security contractors take existing devices adapt highly secure uses.example samsung worked general dynamics open kernel labs acquisition rebuild jelly bean top hardened microvisor knox project.locationtracking android smartphones ability report location wifi access points encountered phone users move around build databases containing physical locations hundreds millions access points.
Android (operating system)	databases form electronic maps locate smartphones allowing run apps like foursquare google latitude facebook places deliver locationbased ads.third party monitoring software taintdroid academic researchfunded project cases detect personal information sent applications remote servers.notable exploits norwegian security firm promon unearthed serious android security hole exploited steal login credentials access messages track location could found versions android including android .vulnerability came exploiting bug multitasking system enabling malicious app overlay legitimate apps fake login screens users aware handing security credentials.users also tricked granting additional permissions malicious apps later enable perform various nefarious activities including intercepting texts calls stealing banking credentials.
Android (operating system)	avast threat labs also discovered many preinstalled apps several hundred new android devices contain dangerous malware adware.preinstalled malware commit ad fraud even take host device.in watchdog reported billion android devices released earlier android devices worldwide risk hacked.conclusion stemmed fact security updates issued android versions ..collaborated av comparatives antivirus lab infect five phone models malware succeeded case.
Android (operating system)	google refused comment watchdogs speculations.on august twitter published blog urging users update applications latest version regards security concern allowed others access direct messages.hacker could easily use android system permissions fetch account credentials order so.security issue android android oreo android android pie.twitter confirmed updating app restrict practices.technical security features android applications run sandbox isolated area system access rest systems resources unless access permissions explicitly granted user application installed however may possible preinstalled apps.
Android (operating system)	possible example turn microphone access preinstalled camera app without disabling camera completely.valid also android versions .since february google used google bouncer malware scanner watch scan apps available google play store.verify apps feature introduced november part android .jelly bean operating system version scan apps google play thirdparty sources malicious behaviour.originally installation verify apps received update constantly scan apps feature made visible users menu settings.before installing application google play store displays list requirements app needs function.
Android (operating system)	reviewing permissions user choose accept refuse installing application accept.android .marshmallow permissions system changed apps longer automatically granted specified permissions installation time.optin system used instead users prompted grant deny individual permissions app needed first time.applications remember grants revoked user time.
Android (operating system)	preinstalled apps however always part approach.cases may possible deny certain permissions preinstalled apps possible disable them.google play services app cannot uninstalled disabled.force stop attempt result app restarting itself.new permissions model used applications developed marshmallow using software development kit sdk older apps continue use previous allornothing approach.
Android (operating system)	permissions still revoked apps though might prevent working properly warning displayed effect.in september jason nova android authority reported study german security company fraunhofer aisec antivirus software malware threats android.nova wrote android operating system deals software packages sandboxing allow applications list directory contents apps keep system safe.allowing antivirus list directories apps installation applications show inherent suspicious behavior downloaded cleared safe.later parts app activated turn malicious antivirus way know since inside app antivirus’ jurisdiction.study fraunhofer aisec examining antivirus software avast avg bitdefender eset fsecure kaspersky lookout mcafee formerly intel security norton sophos trend micro revealed tested antivirus apps provide protection customized malware targeted attacks tested antivirus apps also able detect malware completely unknown date make efforts hide malignity.in august google announced android device manager renamed find device may service allows users remotely track locate wipe android device android app service released december.
Android (operating system)	december google introduced trusted contacts app letting users request locationtracking loved ones emergencies.trusted contacts shut locationsharing feature rolled google maps.on october google announced new google play store requirements combat oversharing potentially sensitive information including call text logs.issue stems fact many apps request permissions access users personal information even information needed app function users unquestionably grant permissions.alternatively permission might listed app manifest required opposed optional app would install unless user grants permission users withdraw even required permissions app device settings app installation users this.google promised work developers create exceptions apps require phone sms permissions core app functionality.
Android (operating system)	new policies enforcement started january days policy announcement october .furthermore google announced new target api level requirement targetsdkversion manifest least android .api level new apps app updates.api level requirement might combat practice app developers bypassing permission screens specifying early android versions coarser permission model.google play services vendor changes dependence proprietary google play services customizations added top operating system vendors license android google causing privacy concerns.
Android (operating system)	licensing source code android opensource developed private google source code released publicly new version android released.google publishes code including network telephony stacks noncopyleft apache license version .. allows modification redistribution.license grant rights android trademark device manufacturers wireless carriers license google individual contracts.associated linux kernel changes released copyleft gnu general public license version developed open handset alliance source code publicly available times.android release immediately made available source code tabletonly .
Android (operating system)	honeycomb release.reason according andy rubin official android blog post honeycomb rushed production motorola xoom want third parties creating really bad user experience attempting put onto smartphones version android intended tablets.only base android operating system including applications opensource software whereas android devices ship substantial amount proprietary software google mobile services includes applications google play store google search google play services – software layer provides apis integration googleprovided services among others.applications must licensed google device makers shipped devices meet compatibility guidelines requirements.custom certified distributions android produced manufacturers samsung experience may also replace certain stock android apps proprietary variants add additional software included stock android operating system.advent google pixel line devices google also made specific android features timed permanent exclusives pixel series.
Android (operating system)	may also binary blob drivers required certain hardware components device.best known fully open source android services lineageos distribution microg acts open source replacement google play services.richard stallman free software foundation critical android recommended usage alternatives replicant drivers firmware vital proper functioning android devices usually proprietary google play store application forcibly install uninstall applications result invite nonfree software.cases use closedsource software causes system become vulnerable backdoors.it argued developers often required purchase googlebranded android license turned theoretically open system freemium service.leverage manufacturers google licenses google mobile services software along android trademarks hardware manufacturers devices meet googles compatibility standards specified android compatibility program document.thus forks android make major changes operating system include googles nonfree components stay incompatible applications require must ship alternative software marketplace lieu google play store.
Android (operating system)	prominent example android fork amazons fire os used kindle fire line tablets oriented toward amazon services.shipment android devices without gms also common mainland china google business there.in google also began require android devices license google mobile services software display prominent powered android logo boot screens.google also enforced preferential bundling placement google mobile services devices including mandated bundling entire main suite google applications mandatory placement shortcuts google search play store app near main home screen page default configuration granting larger share search revenue oems agree include thirdparty app stores devices.march reported google begun block uncertified android devices using google mobile services software display warning indicating device manufacturer preloaded google apps services without certification google.users custom roms register device id google account remove block.some stock applications components aosp code formerly used earlier versions android search music calendar location api abandoned google favor nonfree replacements distributed play store google search google play music google calendar google play services longer opensource.
Android (operating system)	moreover opensource variants applications also exclude functions present nonfree versions.measures likely intended discourage forks encourage commercial licensing line google requirements majority operating systems core functionality dependent proprietary components licensed exclusively google would take significant development resources develop alternative suite software apis replicate replace them.apps use google components would also functional disadvantage use apis contained within os itself.turn thirdparty apps may dependencies google play services.members open handset alliance include majority android oems also contractually forbidden producing android devices based forks os acer inc. forced google halt production device powered alibaba groups aliyun os threats removal oha google deemed platform incompatible version android.alibaba group defended allegations arguing os distinct platform android primarily using html apps incorporated portions androids platform allow backwards compatibility thirdparty android software.
Android (operating system)	indeed devices ship application store offered android apps however majority pirated.reception android received lukewarm reaction unveiled .although analysts impressed respected technology companies partnered google form open handset alliance unclear whether mobile phone manufacturers would willing replace existing operating systems android.idea opensource linuxbased development platform sparked interest additional worries android facing strong competition established players smartphone market nokia microsoft rival linux mobile operating systems development.established players skeptical nokia quoted saying dont see threat member microsofts windows mobile team stated dont understand impact going have.since android grown become widely used smartphone operating system one fastest mobile experiences available.
Android (operating system)	reviewers highlighted opensource nature operating system one defining strengths allowing companies nokia nokia x family amazon kindle fire barnes noble nook ouya baidu others fork software release hardware running customised version android.result described technology website ars technica practically default operating system launching new hardware companies without mobile platforms.openness flexibility also present level end user android allows extensive customisation devices owners apps freely available nongoogle app stores third party websites.cited among main advantages android phones others.despite androids popularity including activation rate three times ios reports google able leverage products web services successfully turn android money maker analysts expected.verge suggested google losing control android due extensive customization proliferation nongoogle apps services – amazons kindle fire line uses fire os heavily modified fork android include support googles proprietary components requires users obtain software competing amazon appstore instead play store.
Android (operating system)	effort improve prominence android brand google began require devices featuring proprietary components display android logo boot screen.android suffered fragmentation situation variety android devices terms hardware variations differences software running makes task developing applications work consistently across ecosystem harder rival platforms ios hardware software varies less.example according data opensignal july models android devices numerous screen sizes eight android os versions simultaneously use large majority ios users upgraded latest iteration os.critics apple insider asserted fragmentation via hardware software pushed androids growth large volumes low end budgetpriced devices running older versions android.maintain forces android developers write lowest common denominator reach many users possible little incentive make use latest hardware software features available smaller percentage devices.however opensignal develops android ios apps concluded although fragmentation make development trickier androids wider global reach also increases potential reward.
Android (operating system)	market share android used operating system phones virtually countries countries india market share.tablets usage even ios bit popular globally.research company canalys estimated second quarter android .share worldwide smartphone shipments.may android worldwide smartphone market share overtaking windows mobile whilst us android held share overtaking iphone os.fourth quarter worldwide share grown market becoming topselling smartphone platform overtaking symbian.
Android (operating system)	us became topselling platform april overtaking blackberry os .smartphone share according comscore.by third quarter gartner estimated half .smartphone sales belonged android.third quarter android share global smartphone market according research firm idc.in july google said android devices activated every day per day may million devices activated .growth per week.
Android (operating system)	september million devices activated .million activations per day.may google io sundar pichai announced million android devices activated.android market share varies location.july mobile subscribers aged united states using android rose china.third quarter androids worldwide smartphone shipment market share million devices activated total.
Android (operating system)	april android .million activations per day.may billion application app installation performed google play store september one billion android devices activated.as august google play store million android applications published may apps downloaded billion times.operating systems success made target patent litigation part socalled smartphone wars technology companies.android devices account half smartphone sales markets including us japan apple top september–november numbers.end .
Android (operating system)	billion android smartphones sold four years since making android sold phone tablet os.three billion android smartphones estimated sold end including previous years.according gartner research company androidbased devices outsold contenders every year since .outsold windows .million.
Android (operating system)	android largest installed base operating systems since devices running also sell windows ios mac os x devices combined.according statcounter tracks use browsing web android popular mobile operating system since august .android popular operating system web browsing india several countries e.g.virtually asia japan north korea exceptions.according statcounter android used mobile african countries stated mobile usage already overtaken desktop several countries including india south africa saudi arabia virtually countries africa done already except seven countries including egypt ethiopia kenya mobile including tablets usage .android accounts .
Android (operating system)	use there.while android phones western world almost always include googles proprietary code google play otherwise opensource operating system googles proprietary code trademark increasingly used emerging markets growth aosp android devices goes way beyond china .. abi research claims million devices shipped globally opensource android second quarter million first quarter depending country percent phones estimated based aosp source code forgoing android trademark thailand philippines indonesia india malaysia mexico brazil .according january gartner report android surpassed billion shipments devices continue grow doubledigit pace percent increase year year.made first time generalpurpose operating system reached one billion end users within year reaching close .billion end users android shipped four times ios os x combined three times microsoft windows.gartner expected whole mobile phone market reach two billion units including android.describing statistics farhad manjoo wrote new york times one every two computers sold today running android.
Android (operating system)	become earths dominant computing platform.according statisticas estimate android smartphones installed base .billion units estimated total number smartphones worldwide.android largest installed base mobile operating system since highestselling operating system overall sales close installed base pcs.in second quarter androids share global smartphone shipment market .new record.grown .
Android (operating system)	worldwide market share third quarter leaving main competitor ios .market share.according april statcounter report android overtook microsoft windows become popular operating system total internet usage.maintained plurality since then.in september google announced android .billion monthly active users.changed billion monthly active users may .
Android (operating system)	adoption tablets despite success smartphones initially android tablet adoption slow later caught ipad countries.one main causes chicken egg situation consumers hesitant buy android tablet due lack high quality tablet applications developers hesitant spend time resources developing tablet applications significant market them.content app ecosystem proved important hardware specs selling point tablets.due lack android tabletspecific applications early android tablets make existing smartphone applications illsuited larger screen sizes whereas dominance apples ipad reinforced large number tabletspecific ios applications.despite app support infancy considerable number android tablets like barnes noble nook alongside using operating systems hp touchpad blackberry playbook rushed market attempt capitalize success ipad.infoworld suggested android manufacturers initially treated first tablets frankenphone business shortterm lowinvestment opportunity placing smartphoneoptimized android os android .
Android (operating system)	honeycomb tablets available device neglecting user interface.approach dell streak failed gain market traction consumers well damaging early reputation android tablets.furthermore several android tablets motorola xoom priced higher ipad hurt sales.exception amazon kindle fire relied upon lower pricing well access amazons ecosystem applications content.this began change release affordable nexus push google developers write better tablet applications.according international data corporation shipments androidpowered tablets surpassed ipads q .as end .
Android (operating system)	million android tablets sold three years since .made android tablets mostsold type tablet surpassing ipads second quarter .according statcounters web use statistics android tablets represent majority tablet devices used africa south america less half elsewhere e.g.europe asia north america oceaniaaustralia .countries continents android tablets majority example mexico.in march galen gruman infoworld stated android devices could real part business .. theres longer reason keep android arms length.integral mobile portfolio apples ios devices are.
Android (operating system)	year earlier gruman stated microsofts mobile office apps better ios android microsofts windows devices.platform information october release android android thenmostrecent android version popular android version smartphones tablets.android popular smartphones .android usage .giving android together share.usage pie .
Android (operating system)	newer i.e.supported versions oreo .rest users supported security updates.android used many countries ranging united states india virtually countries e.g.china android popular version.on tablets latest version android popular overtaking android .
Android (operating system)	pie july second topped .usage pie .newer i.e.supported versions android tablets oreo .recently supported .. usage share varies lot country e.g.
Android (operating system)	android .pie single version greatest usage share united states uk .latest version android widespread e.g.india canada australia european countries others world oreo .used china.as july devices vulkan support newer vulkan .
Android (operating system)	successor opengl.time .devices support opengl es .higher addition rest devices .use version .
Android (operating system)	.using latest version opengl es .. application piracy general paid android applications easily pirated.may interview eurogamer developers football manager stated ratio pirated players vs legitimate players game football manager handheld.however every developer agreed piracy rates issue example july developers game windup knight said piracy levels game piracy came china people cannot purchase apps google play.in google released tool validating authorized purchases use within apps developers complained insufficient trivial crack.google responded tool especially initial release intended sample framework developers modify build upon depending needs finished piracy solution.
Android (operating system)	android jelly bean introduced ability paid applications encrypted may work device purchased.legal issues success android made target patent copyright litigation technology companies android android phone manufacturers involved numerous patent lawsuits legal challenges.patent lawsuit oracle august oracle sued google claimed infringement copyrights patents related java programming language.oracle originally sought damages .billion valuation rejected united states federal judge asked oracle revise estimate.
Android (operating system)	response google submitted multiple lines defense counterclaiming android infringe oracles patents copyright oracles patents invalid several defenses.said androids java runtime environment based apache harmony clean room implementation java class libraries independently developed virtual machine called dalvik.may jury case found google infringe oracles patents trial judge ruled structure java apis used google copyrightable.parties agreed zero dollars statutory damages small amount copied code.may federal circuit partially reversed district court ruling ruling oracles favor copyrightability issue remanding issue fair use district court.in december google announced next major release android android nougat would switch openjdk official opensource implementation java platform instead using nowdiscontinued apache harmony project runtime.
Android (operating system)	code reflecting change also posted aosp source repository.announcement google claimed part effort create common code base java android platforms.google later admitted court filing part effort address disputes oracle use openjdk code governed gnu general public license gpl linking exception damages claim associated new versions expressly licensed oracle openjdk would require separate analysis damages earlier releases.june united states federal court ruled favor google stating use apis fair use.in april united supreme court ruled googles use java apis within bounds fair use reversing federal circuit appeals court ruling remanding case hearing.majority opinion began assumption apis may copyrightable thus proceeded review factors contributed fair use.
Android (operating system)	anticompetitive challenges europe fairsearch lobbying organization supported microsoft oracle others filed complaint regarding android european commission alleging freeofcharge distribution model constituted anticompetitive predatory pricing.free software foundation europe whose donors include google disputed fairsearch allegations.april eu filed formal antitrust complaint google based upon fairsearch allegations arguing leverage android vendors including mandatory bundling entire suite proprietary google software hindering ability competing search providers integrated android barring vendors producing devices running forks android constituted anticompetitive practices.august google fined us.million russian federal antimonopoly service fas similar allegations yandex.
Android (operating system)	european commission issued decision july determining google conducted three operations related android violation antitrust regulations bundling googles search chrome part android blocking phone manufacturers using forked versions android establishing deals phone manufacturers network providers exclusively bundle google search application handsets practice google ended .eu fined google €.billion us billion required company end conduct within days.google filed appeal ruling october though ask interim measures delay onset conduct requirements.on october google announced would change distribution model google mobile services eu since part revenues streams android came use google search chrome prohibited eus ruling.core android system remains free oems europe would required purchase paid license core suite google applications gmail google maps google play store.
Android (operating system)	google search licensed separately option include google chrome additional cost atop search.european oems bundle thirdparty alternatives phones devices sold customers choose.oems longer barred selling device running incompatible versions android europe.others addition lawsuits google directly various proxy wars waged android indirectly targeting manufacturers android devices effect discouraging manufacturers adopting platform increasing costs bringing android device market.apple microsoft sued several manufacturers patent infringement apples ongoing legal action samsung particularly highprofile case.
Android (operating system)	january microsoft said signed patent license agreements eleven android device manufacturers whose products account percent android smartphones sold us worldwide revenue android devices.include samsung htc.samsungs patent settlement microsoft included agreement allocate resources developing marketing phones running microsofts windows phone operating system.microsoft also tied android software patent licenses requiring bundling microsoft office mobile skype applications android devices subsidize licensing fees time helping promote software lines.google publicly expressed frustration current patent landscape united states accusing apple oracle microsoft trying take android patent litigation rather innovating competing better products services.august google purchased motorola mobility us.
Android (operating system)	billion viewed part defensive measure protect android since motorola mobility held patents.december google bought thousand patents ibm.turkeys competition authority investigations default search engine android started led us.million fine september fine .percent googles revenue per day november google didnt meet requirements.december google stopped issuing licenses new android phone models sold turkey.
Android (operating system)	uses google developed several variations android specific use cases including android wear later renamed wear os wearable devices wrist watches android tv televisions android things smart internet things devices android automotive cars.additionally providing infrastructure combines dedicated hardware dedicated applications running regular android google opened platform use particular usage scenarios android auto app cars daydream virtual reality platform.the open customizable nature android allows device makers use electronics well including laptops netbooks desktop computers cameras headphones home automation systems game consoles media players satellites routers printers payment terminals automated teller machines robots.additionally android installed run variety lesstechnical objects including calculators singleboard computers feature phones electronic dictionaries alarm clocks refrigerators landline telephones coffee machines bicycles mirrors.ouya video game console running android became one successful kickstarter campaigns crowdfunding us.m development later followed androidbased consoles nvidias shield portable – android device video game controller form factor.in google demonstrated androidhome home automation technology uses android control range household devices including light switches power sockets thermostats.prototype light bulbs announced could controlled android phone tablet android head andy rubin cautious note turning lightbulb nothing new pointing numerous failed home automation services.google said thinking ambitiously intention use position cloud services provider bring google products customers homes.parrot unveiled androidbased car stereo system known asteroid followed successor touchscreenbased asteroid smart .
Android (operating system)	clarion released androidbased car stereo ax.january consumer electronics show ces google announced formation open automotive alliance group including several major automobile makers audi general motors hyundai honda nvidia aims produce androidbased incar entertainment systems automobiles bringing best android automobile safe seamless way.android comes preinstalled laptops similar functionality running android applications also available googles chrome os also installed personal computers end users.platforms android provides additional functionality physical keyboards mice together alttab key combination switching applications quickly keyboard.december one reviewer commented androids notification system vastly complete robust environments android absolutely usable ones primary desktop operating system.in october wall street journal reported android serve googles future main laptop operating system plan fold chrome os .googles sundar pichai led development android explained mobile computing paradigm eventually going blend think desktop today.
Android (operating system)	also back google cofounder sergey brin said chrome os android would likely converge time.lockheimer replaced pichai head android chrome os responded claim official google blog post stating weve working ways bring together best operating systems theres plan phase chrome os guaranteed autoupdates five years.unlike android support shorter eol dates being.. least years future android tablets education.at google io may google announced daydream virtual reality platform relies smartphone provides vr capabilities virtual reality headset controller designed google itself.platform built android starting android nougat differentiating standalone support vr capabilities.software available developers released .
Android (operating system)	mascot mascot android green android robot related softwares name.although official name android team google reportedly call bugdroid.it designed thengoogle graphic designer irina blok november android announced.contrary reports tasked project create icon blok confirmed interview independently developed made open source.robot design initially presented google quickly became commonplace android development team various variations created developers liked figure free creative commons license.popularity amongst development team eventually led google adopting official icon part android logo launched consumers .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	see also comparison mobile operating systemsindex android os articleslist android smartphones references explanatory notes citations external links official website android developersandroid open source projecttemplateandroidinvokenavboxtemplatelinux distributionstemplateauthority controlfilm acts softrebootsequel david finchers girl dragon tattoo.stars claire foy role lisbeth salander follows salander battles mysterious notorious organization spiders seek world dominance.sverrir gudnason lakeith stanfield sylvia hoeks stephen merchant also appear film.the girl spiders web world premiere rome film festival october theatrically released sony pictures releasing sweden october united states november .boxoffice disappointment film grossed .million worldwide received mixed reviews critics although foys performance praised.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	plot introduction sisters camilla lisbeth salander seen young girls playing chess home father crime lord alexander zalachenko.zalachenko asks camilla play game implication inappropriate sexual behaviour lisbeth tries drag away leaping high balcony snowdrift making escape leaving camilla behind.some years later stockholm sweden computer programmer frans balder hires lisbeth vigilante hacker retrieve firefall program developed national security agency access worlds nuclear codes.balder believes dangerous exist.lisbeth successfully retrieves firefall nsas servers unable unlock it.actions attract attention nsa agent edwin needham.mercenaries led jan holtser steal program lisbeth attempt kill though survives.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	misses scheduled rendezvous balder mistakenly believes lisbeth kept firefall contacts gabrielle grane deputy director swedish security service.grane moves balder young son august safe house.meanwhile needham tracks unauthorized login stockholm arrives seeking lisbeth firefall.lisbeth hacker friend plague contact lisbeths former lover investigative journalist mikael blomkvist help identifying assailants.blomkvist learns holtser previously worked lisbeths late father zalachenko affiliated elusive international crime syndicate known spiders.lisbeth puts surveillance balders safe house attacked intervenes attempting protect balder son.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	intercepted holtser kills balder frames lisbeth kidnaps august.lisbeth pursues rescues august.lisbeth also learns spiders leader sister camilla lisbeth believed dead.child lisbeth escaped abusive father leaving camilla behind hesitated leave.years physical sexual abuse camilla faked suicide went underground form spiders.lisbeth takes august another safe house confirms unlock firefall.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	elsewhere needham locates lisbeths girlfriend sofia persuades arrange meeting intending lure lisbeth trap.lisbeth evades needham later arrested grane.lisbeth helps escape exchange safely escorting august san francisco reunite mother begrudgingly agrees later give firefall.the spiders trick august calling fathers cellphone track lisbeths safe house.camilla spiders take august base operations sisters childhood home.grane hired spiders retrieve firefall informed balders location camilla kills grane instead.using tracker hidden august lisbeth blomkvist plague needham locate him.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	lisbeth breaks give plague remote computer access buildings surveillance system.caught taken august held.learns blomkvist also captured.camilla threatens torture lisbeth tells august trust reveal firefall password.camilla tries suffocating lisbeth describing fathers abuse.armed .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	bmg sniper rifle remotely guided plague via computer needham fires brick walls eliminating camillas henchmen saving august blomkvist.camilla escapes laptop containing firefall lisbeth pursues her.holtser injected poison induces blindness stumbles woods onto road fatally hit camillas fleeing car.vehicle crashes trees.camilla injured escapes woods.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	lisbeth pursues nearby clifftop camilla tearfully asks never returned rescue lisbeth says camilla chose remain father rather escape her.camilla heavily bleeding drops laptop computer steps cliff lisbeth stop disappearing snowy mist apparently falling death.needham attempts access firefall discover lisbeth destroyed it.august reunited mother united states.blomkvist writes investigative article spiders web published millennium deletes it.lisbeth destroys childhood home closure rides away motorcycle.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	cast claire foy lisbeth salander computer hacker survived severe emotional sexual abuse.beau gadsdon young lisbeth salander.sverrir gudnason mikael blomkvist journalist millennium loverpartner lisbeth.lakeith stanfield edwin needham nsa security expert tracking salander.sylvia hoeks camilla salander lisbeths estranged sister head major crime syndicate.carlotta von falkenhayn young camilla salander.stephen merchant frans balder terminated employee nsa developed program called firefall accesses worlds nuclear codes.requests salanders help destroying program believes powerful player.vicky krieps erika berger publisher millennium.claes bang jan holster camillas accomplice.christopher convery august balder frans son.synnøve macody lund gabriella grane deputy director swedish security service.cameron britton plague close associate lisbeths computer expert reaches needs assistance.andreja pejić sofia lisbeths loverpartner.mikael persbrandt alexander zalachenko lisbeth camilla salanders father.volker bruch peter ahlgren.production november hollywood reporter announced sony pictures entertainment planning develop new film series based millennium novels starting book girl spiders web david lagercrantz.rooney mara daniel craig portrayed salander blomkvist respectively girl dragon tattoo would back film.new actors would cast david fincher would also return director though later received executive producer credit.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	steven knight announced talks adapt novel producers would scott rudin amy pascal elizabeth cantillon along yellow birds berna levin søren stærmose ole sondberg.thewrap reported alicia vikander considered role salander.however promoting carol mara stated still signed sequel far know im someone tells otherwise.tatiana maslany jane levy troian bellisario also linked project.in november variety reported sony negotiations fede álvarez direct film eli bush additional producer.march announced film would feature entirely new cast production set begin september .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	may reported claire foy frontrunner play salander september foy officially cast film.sylvia hoeks joined cast october .rest cast announced next five months.principal photography began january berlin leipzig airport moved hamburg february – filming kattwyk bridge ended april stockholm.release girl spiders web released united states november sony.originally scheduled october moved march .
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	first trailer released june .film premiered rome film festival october .reception box office girl spiders web worldwide gross million production budget million.failed recover production budget emerged boxoffice bomb.in canada united states girl spiders web released alongside grinch overlord projected gross – million theaters opening weekend.made million first day including thursday night previews.
The Girl in the Spider's Web (film)	went debut million .million opening first film finishing fifth box office.film fell second weekend .million finishing ninth.critical response review aggregator rotten tomatoes film holds approval rating based reviews average rating .. websites critical consensus reads girl spiders web focuses action elements source material less complex – sporadically effective – franchise reboot.
Webroot	metacritic film weighted average score based critics indicating mixed average reviews.audiences polled cinemascore gave film average grade b f scale posttrak reported filmgoers gave positive score.references external links girl spiders web imdbthe girl spiders web rotten tomatoeslist compiled crime india report published national crime records bureau ncrb government india.as delhi least safe stateut highest cognizable crime rate .per persons.nagaland lowest incidence crime based percentage share.india ranks countries women peace security index .list notes referencescompany founded boulder colorado us headquartered broomfield colorado us operations san mateo san diego globally australia austria ireland japan united kingdom.history webroot founded july steven thomas girlfriend boulderite kristen tally launched webroots first commercial product trace removal agent called webroot window washer.investors include venture capital firms technology crossover ventures accel partners mayfield.in webroot launched spyware blocking removal product called webroot spy sweeper.company introduced antivirus protection launch spy sweeper antivirus .october webroot antivirus antispyware desktop firewall released added firewall protection feature.webroot entered enterprise market launch webroot spy sweeper enterprise combined spy sweeper technology enables administrators deploy antispyware protection across entire network.in october webroot launched first consumer security suite webroot internet security essentials united states.
Webroot	international release security suite followed early .in august webroot appointed new president ceo former ceo wily technology.in may webroot announced plans open international headquarters dublin ireland.july webroot internet security complete released including antivirus antispyware protection firewall capabilities online backup password management licensed lastpass protection identity theft credit card monitoring us customers.in september webroot opened regional office leidschendam netherlands primarily aimed distributing webroots enterprise securityasaservice saas products businesses.webroot mobile security android launched april smartphones tablets free basic version paid premium version.app designed protect viruses apps threats delivered via web browsing threats created mobile devices lost.secureanywhere products launched october mobile security offerings expanded include ios mobile operating system.in october webroot launched new generation products using prevx cloud technology.included three basic products windows secureanywhere antivirus essentials complete security android ios mobile devices.
Webroot	february products businesses added.in july webroot announced brightcloud security services new portfolio services enterpriseclass businesses including integration nextgeneration firewalls siems.in september webroot appointed new president ceo former ceo lancope mike potts.on february carbonite inc. announced entered definitive agreement acquire webroot.march carbonite closed acquisition webroot purchase price .million cash.acquisitions partnerships november webroot acquired ukbased email systems ems announced provider security softwareasaservice saas market.in december webroot announced partnership virtual private network software provider anchorfree.version without advertisements anchorfrees vpn software protection via webroots antivirus antispyware software produced.in march webroot announced acquisition swedish corporate internet security company email systems scandinavia ess.in july webroot acquired san diego californiabased web content classification security services provider brightcloud adding web reputation content classification technology existing products.in november webroot acquired uk cloudbased antimalware company prevx.in july partnership struck global distribution firm tech data making webroot products available tech datas network channel partners countries around world.in july webroot rsa security formed partnership enhance firms realtime phishing detection.in september webroot acquired assets cyberflow analytics company applying data science network anomaly detection.in february webroot announced acquired carbonite.
Webroot	march carbonite confirmed purchase.in december carbonite acquired opentext.reviews avcomparatives gave nine vendors including webroot highest award july antiphishing test webroot took th place among products tested efficacy blocking phishing websites.avcomparativess performance test october webroot best pcmark score lightest impact products tested windows bit machine.webroot worst results products tested avcomparatives september file detection test malicious software terms malware detection rates false alarms.webroot detected less percent viral samples much worse .percent rate secondlowest detecting product.
Webroot	webroot inappropriately flagged clean files raising many false positives products tested combined.according avcomparatives results misses confirmed several tests also vendor.pc magazine awarded webroot secureanywhere times editors choice security product year highest award given security software programs.pc magazines test webroot found pc magazine staff best score malware blocking tests malware removal tests speed scans installation speed.test pcmag found webroots detection rate percent overall malware cleanup score .points tops among products tested using malware collection.gartner listed webroot visionary quadrant assessment endpoint protection platforms.in passmark software software hardware performance benchmarking company benchmarked webroot secureanywhere business endpoint protection webroot secureanywhere antivirus using performance metrics.
Webroot	tests webroot products found outperform competitors variety metrics including scan times cpu usage others earning highest overall score tests.during november evaluation mobile security products android avtest given webroots secureanywhere mobile product protection score .placing near bottom products evaluated test terms protection malware.detection latest android malware realtime detection latest android malware discovered last weeks scores industry average score.in october avcomparatives performed headtohead comparison products vipre webroot webroot secureanywhere product able achieve .protection rate compared vipre clouds rate.test performed using test set live malicious urls found field.during january test various android antimalware apps avcomparatives webroot security premier detected .
Apple	antimalware samples placing tested apps showed better detection rates.see also antiviruscomparison antivirus softwarecomparison computer virusessoftware service references external links official websiteapple trees cultivated worldwide widely grown species genus malus.tree originated central asia wild ancestor malus sieversii still found today.apples grown thousands years asia europe brought north america european colonists.apples religious mythological significance many cultures including norse greek european christian tradition.apples grown seed tend different parents resultant fruit frequently lack desired characteristics.generally apple cultivars propagated clonal grafting onto rootstocks.
Apple	apple trees grown without rootstocks tend larger much slower fruit planting.rootstocks used control speed growth size resulting tree allowing easier harvesting.there known cultivars apples.different cultivars bred various tastes use including cooking eating raw cider production.trees fruit prone number fungal bacterial pest problems controlled number organic nonorganic means.fruits genome sequenced part research disease control selective breeding apple production.worldwide production apples million tonnes china accounting nearly half total.
Apple	etymology word apple formerly spelled æppel old english derived protogermanic root apalaz could also mean fruit general.ultimately derived protoindoeuropean abel precise original meaning relationship words uncertain.as late th century word also functioned generic term fruit berries including nuts—such th century middle english word appel paradis meaning banana.use analogous french language use pomme.description apple deciduous tree generally standing .ft tall cultivation ft wild.
Apple	cultivated size shape branch density determined rootstock selection trimming method.leaves alternately arranged dark greencolored simple ovals serrated margins slightly downy undersides.blossoms produced spring simultaneously budding leaves produced spurs long shoots.cm ⁄ flowers white pink tinge gradually fades five petaled inflorescence consisting cyme – flowers.central flower inflorescence called king bloom opens first develop larger fruit.the fruit pome matures late summer autumn cultivars exist wide range sizes.commercial growers aim produce apple .
Apple	cm ⁄ ⁄ diameter due market preference.consumers especially japan prefer larger apple apples .cm ⁄ generally used making juice little fresh market value.skin ripe apples generally red yellow green pink russetted though many bi tricolored cultivars may found.skin may also wholly partly russeted i.e.
Apple	rough brown.skin covered protective layer epicuticular wax.exocarp flesh generally pale yellowishwhite though pink yellow green exocarps also occur.wild ancestors original wild ancestor malus domestica malus sieversii found growing wild mountains central asia southern kazakhstan kyrgyzstan tajikistan northwestern china.cultivation species likely beginning forested flanks tian mountains progressed long period time permitted secondary introgression genes species openpollinated seeds.
Apple	significant exchange malus sylvestris crabapple resulted current populations apples related crabapples morphologically similar progenitor malus sieversii.strains without recent admixture contribution latter predominates.genome apple diploid though triploid cultivars uncommon chromosomes estimated genome size approximately mb.several whole genome sequences made available first one based diploid cultivar golden delicious.however first whole genome sequence turned contain several errors part owing high degree heterozygosity diploid apples combination ancient genome duplication complicated assembly.
Apple	recently double trihaploid individuals sequenced yielding whole genome sequences higher quality.first whole genome assembly estimated contain around genes though recent genome sequences support moderate estimates proteincoding genes.among things availability whole genome sequences provided evidence wild ancestor cultivated apple likely malus sieversii.resequencing multiple accessions supported also suggesting extensive introgression malus sylvestris following domestication.history malus sieversii recognized major progenitor species cultivated apple morphologically similar.
Apple	due genetic variability central asia region generally considered center origin apples.apple thought domesticated – years ago tian mountains travelled along silk road europe hybridization introgression wild crabapples siberia m. baccata caucasus m. orientalis europe m. sylvestris.m. sieversii trees growing western side tian mountains contributed genetically domesticated apple isolated population eastern side.chinese soft apples m. asiatica m. prunifolia cultivated dessert apples years china.thought hybrids m. baccata m. sieversii kazakhstan.among traits selected human growers size fruit acidity color firmness soluble sugar.unusually domesticated fruits wild m. sieversii origin slightly smaller modern domesticated apple.at sammardenchiacueis site near udine northeastern italy seeds form apples found material carbon dated around bce.
Apple	genetic analysis yet successfully used determine whether ancient apples wild malus sylvestris malus domesticus containing malus sieversii ancestry.generally also hard distinguish archeological record foraged wild apples apple plantations.there indirect evidence apple cultivation third millennium bce middle east.substantial apple production european classical antiquity grafting certainly known then.grafting essential part modern domesticated apple production able propagate best cultivars unclear apple tree grafting invented.winter apples picked late autumn stored freezing important food asia europe millennia.of many old world plants spanish introduced chiloé archipelago th century apple trees became particularly well adapted.apples introduced north america colonists th century first apple orchard north american continent planted boston reverend william blaxton .
Apple	apples native north america crab apples called common apples.apple cultivars brought seed europe spread along native american trade routes well cultivated colonial farms.united states apples nursery catalogue sold best cultivars showing proliferation new north american cultivars early th century.th century irrigation projects eastern washington began allowed development multibilliondollar fruit industry apple leading product.until th century farmers stored apples frostproof cellars winter use sale.improved transportation fresh apples train road replaced necessity storage.

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