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ISheriff | attorney general john ashcroft arguing requiring passengers show identification boarding domestic flights tantamount internal passport unconstitutional.gilmore lost case known gilmore v. gonzales appeal u.s. supreme court denied.see also airport securitynofly list transatlantic aircraft plot security reactioncanadian air transport security authorityairport racial profiling united statessecurity theater — unnecessary implementation security measures displaydont touch junk — criticism fullbody patdowns tsa referencescompany privately held based redwood city california.isheriff sells products partners distributors.history founded brisbane australia oscar marquez isheriff products focused content filtering email web filtering software appliances.company moved products cloud computing service model.isheriff services include email filtering web filtering email archiving email encryption security reporting. |
Billy Hoffman | company holds patent data modeling engine based bayesian spam filtering principals.in isheriff provided internet filtering software tasmanian governments first statewide trial antipornography filters children.in july total defense inc. provider cybercrimefighting technology announced acquired isheriff.on april total defense announced conjunction sale consumer business unit untangle rebranded isheriff.isheriff’s cloud security suite email security archiving – cloudbased antispam email security email archiving removing incoming email spam providing clean email connection secures viruses unwanted content data leakage well cloudbased archiving.web security – cloudbased content malware filtering providing secure internet browsing enforcement acceptable use policies data leak protection.endpoint security – cloudbased platform multilayer antimalware approach protects malware secures controls applications used end users protects threats removable media.references external links corporate websitebiography father sales consultant mother historian former high school social studies teacher.hoffman created stripesnoop application analyzes data magnetic stripes.also created tinydisk file system runs top tinyurl.for several years hoffman published presented handle acidus web computer security issues.first became famous student georgia tech discovered security flaw campus magnetic id card system called buzzcard.gave talk security flaw atlanta hacker conference interzne fall .at interzne april attempted give updated version talk virgil griffith student university alabama griffith served cease desist letter hours giving presentation within two days followed lawsuit blackboard inc alleging griffith hoffman violated dmca espionage sedition act stolen trade secrets. |
Billy Hoffman | lawsuit eventually settled.in hoffman graduated georgia tech degree computer science.given talks multiple subjects conferences interzne interzne outerzne skydogcon toorcon black hat federal phreaknic foocamp oreilly media emerging technology conference shmoocon.also invited speak fbi.hoffman author book ajax security published december addison wesley.hoffman worked security researcher atlanta startup spi dynamics inc hewlettpackard purchased spi dynamics august . |
WebUSB | works chief technology officer web performance company rigor.writing deconstructing fortres fall magazinecampuswide wide open spring magazinencr atms aurem x machina summer magazinexm flawed future radio fall magazinemagstripe interface summer magazinebuilding magstripe reader oreillys make magazine fall understanding web security spring magazineajax security december addison wesley notes references web .story destroyed hackers wired news february covert crawler descends web wired news january blackboard gets gag order smartcard hackers washington post april blackboard erases research presentation ceaseanddesist case analysis electronic frontier foundation external links aciduss blog memestreamsstripesnoop websiteajax security amazon.comtypes security appliances active devices block unwanted traffic.examples devices firewalls anti virus scanning devices content filtering devices.passive devices detect report unwanted traffic intrusion detection appliances.preventative devices scan networks identify potential security problems penetration testing vulnerability assessment appliances.unified threat management utm appliances combine features together one system firewalls content filtering web caching etc.referencesjuly draft community status supported google chrome microsoft edge qq opera samsung internet.introduction universal serial bus usb industry standard communication protocol used communicate data across connectors cables computers peripheral devices andor computers.webusb set api calls enable access hardware devices web pages.webusb developed world wide web consortiumwc.webusb api provides safe developer familiar means communication edges devices web pages. |
WebUSB | webusb api integrates existing usb libraries shortens development cycle integrating new devices web environment needing wait browser support devices.early versions webusb came around alternative flash chrome serial custom approaches connecting browsers hardware.webusb aims solve four goals interface fast make cross platform look good accessibility.application internet thingsiot architecture webusb apis able bridge hardware protocols internet protocols enabling creating uniform gateways linking edge devices centralised networks.the explosion computing ability last decades led increase edge devices.devices lights thermometers hvac motors increasingly integrated centralised internet control servers.devices evolved isolated previously nonintegrated development environments. |
WebUSB | consequently lack uniform consistent communication protocol necessary develop robust networks.webusbs api framework standardises disparate protocols able expose nonstandard universal serial bus usb compatible devices web.the webusb looks sit perception layer network layer.main goals software gateway scalability cost reliability.cloud based deployment webusb libraries enables cover scalability low overhead deployment significantly lowers cost continual use development lifetime enabled framework attain high degree reliability.webusb formed cornerstone bipes block based integrated platform embedded systems architecture framework.systems architecture model aims reduce complexity iot systems development aggregating relevant software blocks complete units code deployed edge device centralised cloud infrastructure. |
WebUSB | already mentioned role webusb critically tied ability communicate embedded software usb communication protocol.information inside webusbs javascript environment transposed communicated variety software protocols.particular architecture model webusb bridges gap embedded software web browser.web browser communicates cloud environment using uniform webusb constructed data.security considerations webusb provides web page access connector edge device. |
WebUSB | exposure device internet carries inherent risks security concerns.product design usb ports designed trust device connected to.connecting port internet facing application introduced new set security risks massively expanding attack surface would malicious actors.for instance malicious host web page could request data peripheral device device would happily fulfil thinking communicating standard usb connector.mitigate type attack webusb developed requestdevice function call.would notify user site requesting access edge device. |
WebUSB | similar access requests browser control web page would like access inbuilt camera microphone.depending wariness user protocol enough prevent certain attacks.second protocol developed specification request originating secure context.ensures code executed data returned intercepted modified transit.security implemented claiminterface function. |
WebUSB | os supported function ensures single execution instance user space kernel space driver access device preventing malicious code web page opening second channel communication device.security considerations included created public registry approved connections idea ultimately scrapped required vendors develop devices webusb mind.the threat surface usb however bidirectional malicious peripheral device could attack host.infected edge device cannot easily mitigated webusb apis.many device configurations trusted usb ports used deliver firmware upgrades malicious edge device could grant attackers persistence system.in light security concerns posed webusb supported estimated browsers.also notably support webusb browser level volatile time stretches time certain browsers turned access discovery particular security threats. |
WebUSB | security concerns plagued alternatives webusb.particularly flash google serial failed take unable used adequate answers fundamental security risks.use multifactor authentication ability verify digital identity internet critical interaction internet facing infrastructure.webusb combination special purpose devices public identification registries used key piece infrastructure scale solution digital identity internet.webusb api library able standardise connection peripheral devices web pages. |
WebUSB | security investment webusb makes suitable software component connecting identifiable devices internet.recent research shown fallibility sms based authentication highlighting key pieces infrastructure subverted.alternative proposals securing digital identity involve use biometric sensors andor personal identifiers.however good identifying individual webusb adequately integrated existing internet tech stack.cryptographically secure solutions personal identification exist support government specialised hardware. |
WebUSB | however solutions lack generalised specification web based infrastructure generally hard support.gateway support communication protocol supported software middlemen webusb.a model system multifactor authentication uses webusb tandem identifying hardware id card built isoiec id standards.card would constitute physical representation individuals identity.webusb would act middle man facilitating transfer data stored hardware given web server.number card would digitally signed authorised party would digitally connect server. |
WebUSB | connection would require device capable reading isoiec type b connections.order make digital connection valid webusb would serve software connector.usage webusb work supported browsers example chrome.due privacy security concerns also work secure context i.e.https called user actions.for instance order instantiate connection navigator.usb.requestdevice called user gesture touch mouse click.similarly protection webusb provided using feature policy. |
WebUSB | instance featurepolicy fullscreen usb none payment self httpspayment.example.com would prevent webusb running.to get access devices visible browser two options available.navigator.usb.requestdevice prompt user select usb access given navigator.usb.getdevices return list usbs origin access to.to better search devices web usb number filtering options.filters passed navigator.usb.requestdevice javascript filtering object.filters vendoridproductidclasscode protocolcode serialnumber subclasscode.for example imagine connecting arduino device could done following way.x arduino list usb idsnavigator.usb.requestdevice filters vendorid x .thendevice console.logdevice.productname console.logdevice.manufacturername .catcherror console.errorerror usb device descriptor returned snippet contain important information device version packet size configuration options etc.the alternative call navigator.usb.getdevices instead look like thisnavigator.usb.getdevices.thendevices devices.foreachdevice console.logdevice.productname console.logdevice.manufacturername order talk device important function calls run through. |
WebUSB | device.open run required steps setting device device.selectconfiguration sets configuration importantly powered number interfaces.important claim interface.done device.claiminterface function call.simulate real wired connection ensure web page one able read write device connection released.finally call device.controltransferout set device communicate webusb serial api. |
Public Suffix List | set done data transferred device using device.transferin transfer bulk data device similarly sister function device.transferout read data device.interfaces order generalise interaction hardware devices webusb supports number interfaces abstract away specific hardware functionality.references external links webusb api draft community group report julyentries list also referred effective toplevel domains etld.the mozilla foundation initiated suffix list security privacy policies firefox web browser widely applied varying success variety purposes mozilla public license mpl.list list used mozilla browsers firefox google chrome chromium projects certain platforms opera.according mozillaa public suffix one internet users directly register names.examples public suffixes .com .co.uk pvt.k.ma.us.while com uk us toplevel domains tlds internet users cannot always register next level domain co.uk wy.us may controlled domain registrars.contrast users register second level domains within com example.com registrars control top level.public suffix list intended enumerate domain suffixes controlled registrars.an internet site consists online resources controlled registrant domain name. |
Public Suffix List | includes resources available via domain subdomains.two domains related site i.e.share suffix included public suffix list.security issues like samesite attack arise public suffix list incorrect browsers sites arent properly configured.some uses list areavoiding supercookies http cookies set relateddomain attackers highlevel domain name suffixes.words page foo.example.co.uk might normally access cookies bar.example.co.uk example.co.uk walled cookies example.co.uk prevent samesite attack since latter two domains could registered different owners.finding dmarc policy records email subdomains.highlighting important part domain name user interface.improving sorting browser history entries site.issues psl seen tool variety goals related security privacy usability resource management tension leading maintenance difficulties operational challenges. |
National Security Guard | ideas effective approaches dbound http stake tokens first party sets explored without consensus yet good alternatives.in privacy enhancements ios .related apples identifier advertisers unclear guidance facebook led flood inappropriate requests domains added public suffix list.references external links official websitefounded october national security guard act following operation blue star golden temple attack assassination indian prime minister indira gandhi combating terrorist activities protect states internal disturbances.national security guard personnel sometimes referred black cats.mission national security guard states mission astrain equip keep readiness special force capable swiftly effectively combating terrorism live motto sarvatra sarvottam surakshathe nsg federal contingency deployment force tackle facets terrorism country.specialised counterterrorism force intended used exceptional situations meant take functions state police forces para military forces.yet years role expanded provide personal security influential politicians regardless real threat face.however january nsg withdrawn task vip security ensure focus original roles elite counterterrorism antihijacking force.the nsg trained conduct counterterrorist tasks including countering hijackings land sea air bomb disposal search detection neutralisation ieds pbi post blast investigation hostage rescue missions.directors general ganapathy dob indian police service officer batch uttarakhand cadre serving director general national security guard w.e.f. |
National Security Guard | .previously served director general bureau civil aviation security director general police uttarakhand.organisation according nsg website modelled british special air service well germanys gsg grenzschutzgruppe border guard group .headquarters mehram nagar palam administration directorgeneral assisted four indian police service officers administrative matters two inspectors general administration headquarters hq turn assisted deputy inspectors general.financial advisor nsg officer rank joint secretary central accounts services assisted dy financial advisors. |
National Security Guard | manesar operation training major general indian army deputation designated inspector general operations responsible planning conduct operations.training another inspector general training located manesar gurgaon.assisted two digs – dig operations dig training.strength nsg estimated personnel.air transport support nsg located indira gandhi airport. |
National Security Guard | special action group sag special action groups – sags.along srg constitute counter terrorist force ctf counterterrorist arm nsg.sag along srg tasked counterterrorist counter insurgency operations sag deal antihijacking operations.sag members drawn indian army srg members largely drawn capfs.special ranger group srg special ranger groups srg – . |
National Security Guard | srg counter terrorist force ctf used purely counter terrorist operations along sag.srg provide close protection force provide special security service indias atrisk highprofile targets e.g.defence minister.srg members drawn border guarding forces like bsf itbp ssb internal security forces crpf cisf assam rifles.recent times goi decided remove srgs protection duties reorient exclusively mandate nsg like sag srg. |
National Security Guard | special composite group scg nsg set five regional hubs regional deployment.scg consists personnel army capfs counterterror operations within area responsibility.scg headed officer rank colonel indian army deputation group commander.five regional hubs scg mumbai scg chennai scg hyderabad scg kolkata scg gandhinagar electronic support group esg electronic support group stationed manesar provides communication technological support.group headed group commander level officer deputation currently colonel a.s.puri. |
National Security Guard | national bomb data centre national bomb data centre nbdc established year redefined role year .nbdc assigned role monitoring recording analyzing bombing incidents country.also records analyses various bombing incidents across world gain expertise knowledge bombing related incidents effectively counter situations shares information relevant security agencies.nbdc also performs research development field explosives engineering.present nbdc act nodal agency bombing related facets country. |
National Security Guard | headed group commander either army para military force.current group commander commandant rank officer crpf.regional deployment response criticism due time taken nsg units arrive november mumbai attacks base manesar haryana mha decided deploy nsg contingents major cities across india like mumbai kolkata personnel hyderabad chennai.hyderabad nsg hub regional hub national security guard commando training located near hyderabad telangana india.ministry home affairs mha giving nod sanctioning ₹ crore equivalent ₹ crore us million national security guard nsg officials geared establish southern regional center src ibrahimpatnam hyderabad training commandos. |
National Security Guard | home black cat commandoes tasked tackling terror threat four states andhra pradesh telangana odisha chhattisgarh.hub land area hectares acres constructed cost ₹ crore us million.the hyderabad hub special composite group scg nsg among four regional hubs country.commandos stationed nsg hub trimulgherry.the state two trained antiterror striking forces.besides nsg telangana polices counterterrorist group octopus also training facility neighbourhood ibrahimpatnam strength personnel.nsg octopus personnel undergo gruelling training including handling sophisticated weapons commandos sent back parent department reach age ensuring force remains young fighting fit.planning hyderabad proposal set stateoftheart nsg training centre ibrahimpatnam lines nsg manesar training centre pending three years. |
National Security Guard | mha officials annual report released recently announced release funds developing infrastructure.post mumbai terror strike four regional hubs nsg operationalised mumbai hyderabad chennai kolkata reduce reaction time.regional centre hyderabad also raised hectares acres land acquired.mha conveyed sanction ₹ crore us million towards construction southern regional centre nsg ibrahimpatnam mha report said.trimulgherry hyderabad would nsg hub trimulgherry well src training black cats. |
National Security Guard | nearly commandos ready antiterror operations roundtheclock stationed nsg hub trimulgherry.kolkata march special composite group complex inaugurated home minister amit shah new town west bengal.gandhinagar july nsg operationalized fifth regional hub gandhinagar gujarat.around people based counterterror counterhijack operation.amritsar nsg proposed amritsar regional hub improve counter action capability northern india. |
National Security Guard | rank structure designation officersenlisted ranks history nsg established wake operation blue star high collateral damage golden temple civilian military collateral casualties.since founding nsg used punjab jammu kashmir.nsgs known operations include– april nsg commandos border security force troops stormed golden temple operation black thunder i. temple cleared handed punjab police may .sikh militants captured deaths injuries either side.january nsg conducted op black hawk heliborne operation mand area punjab.operation two terrorists killed one .mm rifle recovered. |
National Security Guard | massive operation says former nsg directorgeneral ved marwah though get many spectacular results like black thunder.may nsg commandos ranks surrounded golden temple yet another assault operation black thunder ii.sniper teams armed heckler koch psg rifles night scope took positions including atop foot water tower.commandos sag divided assault squadrons srg used seal area around temple tactical support.threeday operation may nsg cleared temple. |
National Security Guard | terrorists killed surrendered.mids nsg battalion deployed punjab confront sikh rioters.began training punjab police counterterrorism.september – january guarding highrisk terrorist codenamed jack.august operation mouse trap tarn taran district punjab conjunction punjab police security forces. |
National Security Guard | nsg able demonstrate possible achieve area dominance night strategy tactics right.ved marwah calls operation night dominance.november nsg task force flown kolkata rescue hostages thai airbus burmese students.– january nsg involved operation ani ben ci tasks baroda gujarat punjab terrorists holed inside house.two terrorists killed two aks recovered.july september nsg employed along sit search strike missions assassination rajiv gandhi. |
National Security Guard | november – december commandos deployed ayodhya ram janambhoomi babri masjid crisis.march sag mobilised moved adampur rescue hostages indian airlines flight ic .– april nsg commandos stormed hijacked indian airlines boeing passengers board amritsar airport operation ashwamedh.two hijackers including leader mohammed yousuf shah killed one disarmed hostages harmed.october part implementation union home ministrys decision conduct proactive strikes militants commando teams supported iaf mi helicopter gunships began striking terrorist groups deep inside mountains forests kashmir.helicopter reconnaissance conducted pinpoint militants commandos – comprising nsg rashtriya rifles personnel – paradropped along supplies area hunt militants.rely supplies ability live land replenishment every fortnight so. |
National Security Guard | missions possibly ongoing.july nsg commandos ended hour standoff killing terrorists rescuing hostages unharmed jk.terrorists attacked bsf campus near srinagar killed officers wife another.hostages kept locked room.august interrogating three captured terrorists delhi police crime branch confirmed two terrorists hiding onestoried house rudrapur uttar pradesh. |
National Security Guard | since terrorists considered armed dangerous colleagues arrested pounds rdx delhi police sought assistance nsg.man team arrived house began assault first light.first militant managed fire commandos pistol kept bedside killed instant later.second terrorist shot chance fire died minutes later.nsg personnel injured.december terrorists hijacked indian airlines flight ic nepal landed amritsar punjab. |
National Security Guard | within minutes landing crisis management group cmg authorised use nsg informed.cmg wasted precious hours time goahead issued late.hand nsg team alert elsewhere team raised delay.hijacked plane took nsg reached amritsar airport.plane landed kandahar afghanistan one hostage killed. |
National Security Guard | finally indian government agreed terrorists demands release three jailed terrorists.hostages released terrorists escaped pakistan.february following flight ic fiasco indian government decided implement air marshaling programe.least two nsg operators present flights select routes.operators would armed weapons firing lethal lowvelocity fragmentation rounds minimize danger passengers prevent penetration aircraft.another decision taken deploy nsg teams permanently eight sensitive airports around country especially bordering pakistan north east. |
National Security Guard | decision cut short reaction times nsg eliminate hassles involved flying teams hijack site.known plan put action.september – sag commandos flew karnataka catch sandalwood smuggler forest brigand veerappan wake kidnapping former minister state cabinet nagappa.pulled suggesting intelligence operation inadequate.small team left behind help hostage eventually killed december .october – two terrorists attacked akshardham temple complex gujarat.nsg flew delayed traffic delhi. |
National Security Guard | carried assaults one commando killed another one seriously injured died months coma.morning two terrorists neutralised operation completed successfully.december – terrorists attacked raghunath temple jammu.nsg ready flown called back last minute.november mumbai attacks – operation black tornado operation cyclone flush terrorists rescue hostages multiple attacks across mumbai india.major sandeep unnikrishnan havaldar gajender singh bisht special action group killed action operations. |
National Security Guard | rooms scanned terrorists killed hostages rescued operation.hyderabad blasts – deployed hyderabad bomb blasts.bangalore bomb blast – nsg deployed bangalore bomb blast took place city.patna bombings – team nsg sent patna postblasts analysis said least three improvised explosive devices ieds defused.pathankot attack – nsg team took part operation neutralise terrorists lt. col. niranjan lost life defusing grenade ied boobytrapped body dead terrorist members unit injured. |
National Security Guard | six terrorists neutralised operation nsg defence security corps garud commando force selection training selection demanding drop rate – per cent.three months training manesar haryana devoted basics.physical fitness training elements ranging crosscountry obstacle course jumping heights across divides scaling different kinds terrain.one endurance test involves martial arts target shooting end obstacleridden crosscountry run.meant gauge candidates performance conditions stress exhaustion. |
National Security Guard | successfully complete tests sent nine months advanced training.before inducted nsg aspirants also undergo rigorous psychological test.the training includes learning conduct urban counterterrorism underwater operations house intervention counteruav antidrone operations bomb detection disposal skills apart various specialisations.exercise nsg united states army special forces code named balanced iroquois started october .threeweek long exercise preceded joint airbornejump aero india .in february green berets st special forces command airborne conducted joint training exercise nsg kolkata.green berets learnt urban warfare strategies nsg nsg learnt advanced equipment us soldiers.drill included intervention techniques training kolkata metro system drill indian institute technology kharagpur.in march nsg us special forces st special forces group carried joint exercises hyderabad.germany mumbai attacks nsg decided joint exercise german gsg . |
National Security Guard | november team nsg visited gsg headquarters.joint training exercises gsg nsg subsequently conducted manesar.equipment national security guard utilizes following equipment small arms glock pistol.sig sg assault rifle.beretta ar assault rifle.franchi spas shotgun.trica .x mm carbine.light machine gunheckler koch msg sniper rifle.heckler koch psg sniper rifle.iwi tavor x bullpup rifle.barrett model b sniper rifleheckler koch mp submachine gun.sig mpx submachine gun.glock knives.cornershot guns.drones black hornet nano military micro uav.kamikaze indian drone. |
Deployment descriptor | vehicles transport remoteoperated vehicle transport kg improvised explosive device alternatively transport biological chemical radiological nuclear material.maruti suzuki gypsyford f super duty tactical ladder truck.renault sherpa light armoured personal carrier.the nsg access indian air force transport aircraft.popular culture biographical movie named major made major sandeep unnikrishnan one team commanders special action group nsg killed actionkia mumbai attacks .state siege temple attack indian hindilanguage film .based akshardham temple attack subsequent operation kill perpetrators.state siege zee web series presents terror attacks viewpoint nsg.nsg soldiers featured thriller film hotel mumbai based mumbai attacks.see also special forces indiaparamilitary forces indiacentral armed police forcesspecial protection group references external links media related national security guard wikimedia commonsdirects deployment tool deploy module application specific container options security settings describes specific configuration requirements.xml used syntax deployment descriptor files.web applications deployment descriptor must called web.xml must reside webinf directory web application root.java ee applications deployment descriptor must named application.xml must placed directly metainf directory top level application .ear file.types java ee two types deployment descriptors java ee deployment descriptors runtime deployment descriptors. |
SAML 2.0 | java ee deployment descriptors defined language specification whereas runtime descriptors defined vendor container implementation.example web.xml file standard java ee deployment descriptor specified java servlet specification sunweb.xml file contains configuration data specific sun glassfish enterprise server implementation.references external links httpjava.sun.comjavaeereferenceglossaryhttpjava.sun.comxmlnsjavaeeindex.html deployment descriptor xml schema referencedead httpjava.sun.comblueprintsguidelinesdesigningenterpriseapplicationsedeploymentdeployment.html see also manifest filesaml .version saml standard exchanging authentication authorization identities security domains.saml .xmlbased protocol uses security tokens containing assertions pass information principal usually end user saml authority named identity provider saml consumer named service provider.saml . |
SAML 2.0 | enables webbased crossdomain single signon sso helps reduce administrative overhead distributing multiple authentication tokens user.saml .ratified oasis standard march replacing saml .. critical aspects saml .covered detail official documents samlcore samlbind samlprof samlmeta.some individuals companies organizations involved creation saml .. particular special note liberty alliance donated identity federation framework idff specification oasis became basis saml .specification.thus saml . |
SAML 2.0 | represents convergence saml .liberty idff .shibboleth .. saml .assertions assertion package information supplies zero statements made saml authority.saml assertions usually made subject represented subject element. |
SAML 2.0 | saml .specification defines three different kinds assertion statements created saml authority.samldefined statements associated subject.three kinds assertion statements defined followsauthentication statement assertion subject authenticated particular means particular time.attribute statement assertion subject associated supplied attributes.authorization decision statement request allow assertion subject access specified resource granted denied.an important type saml assertion socalled bearer assertion used facilitate web browser sso.example shortlived bearer assertion issued identity provider httpsidp.example.orgsaml service provider httpssp.example.comsaml. |
SAML 2.0 | assertion includes authentication assertion samlauthnstatement attribute assertion samlattributestatement presumably service provider uses make access control decision.prefix saml represents saml v. assertion namespace.example saml note example samlassertion element contains following child elementsa samlissuer element contains unique identifier identity providera dssignature element contains integritypreserving digital signature shown samlassertion elementa samlsubject element identifies authenticated principal case identity principal hidden behind opaque transient identifier reasons privacya samlconditions element gives conditions assertion considered valida samlauthnstatement element describes act authentication identity providera samlattributestatement element asserts multivalued attribute associated authenticated principalin words assertion encodes following informationthe assertion bbcceafdfac issued time tz identity provider httpsidp.example.orgsaml regarding subject fbdcfecdcfbaf exclusively service provider httpssp.example.comsaml.the authentication statement particular asserts followingthe principal identified samlsubject element authenticated time tz means password sent protected channel.likewise attribute statement asserts thatthe principal identified samlsubject element staff member attributes institution.saml .protocols following protocols specified samlcoreassertion query request protocolauthentication request protocolartifact resolution protocolname identifier management protocolsingle logout protocolname identifier mapping protocolthe important protocols—the authentication request protocol—is discussed detail below. |
SAML 2.0 | authentication request protocol saml .web browser sso profiles initiated identity provider idp unsolicited samlpresponse element transmitted identity provider service provider via browser.prefix samlp denotes saml protocol namespace.saml .however flow begins service provider issues explicit authentication request identity provider. |
SAML 2.0 | resulting authentication request protocol significant new feature saml ..when principal entity acting principals behalf wishes obtain assertion containing authentication statement samlpauthnrequest element transmitted identity providerthe samlpauthnrequest element implicitly requests assertion containing authentication statement evidently issued service provider httpssp.example.comsaml subsequently presented identity provider via browser.identity provider authenticates principal necessary issues authentication response transmitted back service provider via browser.artifact resolution protocol saml message transmitted one entity another either value reference.reference saml message called artifact.receiver artifact resolves reference sending samlpartifactresolve request directly issuer artifact responds actual message referenced artifact.suppose example identity provider sends following samlpartifactresolve request directly service provider via back channelin response service provider returns saml element referenced enclosed artifact. |
SAML 2.0 | protocol forms basis http artifact binding.saml .bindings bindings supported saml .outlined bindings specification samlbindsaml soap binding based soap .reverse soap paos bindinghttp redirect bindinghttp post bindinghttp artifact bindingsaml uri bindingfor web browser sso http redirect binding http post binding commonly used.example service provider may use http redirect send request identity provider uses http post transmit response. |
SAML 2.0 | example illustrates entitys choice binding independent partners choice binding.http redirect binding saml protocol messages carried directly url query string http get request.since length urls limited practice http redirect binding suitable short messages samlpauthnrequest message.longer messages e.g.containing signed encrypted saml assertions saml responses usually transmitted via bindings http post binding.saml requests responses transmitted via http redirect samlrequest samlresponse query string parameter respectively. |
SAML 2.0 | sent message deflated without header checksum baseencoded urlencoded order.upon receipt process reversed recover original message.for example encoding samlpauthnrequest message yields httpsidp.example.orgsamlssoredirectsamlrequestfzffaiwfmxfbbdyxvajtzbqsurrc mabbwivcamtjrxpffmmlyfapzuyfonxjxbcaxtrmeehtejqbdmrfrbrpkplrphyopkvdy ibfconbcayfdqrbwdvrvwwksvoyzqtwlbgbbzikffcrgorygtwfkpudknnwklfweetlxmrs bhbhjdwzqokgdsrjmkfqajcujkxsctnizblpxpyadsofjokgmijsecmzgevhafbkmnof dgnjmqplmhcbwtmivbsgotfqvzqtxwxzrkydicjxhcwvvcwjgqanflbinxutxyovzlnk uqplvzrelbvhykagzqdsafwvszxewitrtqcvakvcjssqlvpfaxvcthe message formatted readability may signed additional security.practice data contained samlpauthnrequest issuer contains sp id nameidpolicy agreed idp sp beforehand via manual information exchange via saml metadata.case signing request security constraint.samlpauthnrequest contains information known idp beforehand assertion consumer service url signing request recommended security purposes. |
SAML 2.0 | http post binding following example service provider identity provider use http post binding.initially service provider responds request user agent document containing xhtml formthe value samlrequest parameter baseencoding samlpauthnrequest element transmitted identity provider via browser.sso service identity provider validates request responds document containing another xhtml formthe value samlresponse parameter base encoding samlpresponse element likewise transmitted service provider via browser.to automate submission form following line javascript may appear anywhere xhtml pagethis assumes course first form element page contains samlresponse containing form element forms.http artifact binding http artifact binding uses artifact resolution protocol saml soap binding http resolve saml message reference.consider following specific example. |
SAML 2.0 | suppose service provider wants send samlpauthnrequest message identity provider.initially service provider transmits artifact identity provider via http redirect httpsidp.example.orgsamlssoartifactsamlartartifactnext identity provider sends samlpartifactresolve request artifactresolverequest shown earlier directly service provider via back channel.finally service provider returns samlpartifactresponse element containing referenced samlpauthnrequest messageof course flow go direction well identity provider may issue artifact fact common.see example double artifact profile example later topic.artifact format general saml . |
SAML 2.0 | artifact defined follows samlbind samlartifact b typecode endpointindex remainingartifact typecode bytebyte endpointindex bytebytethus saml .artifact consists three components twobyte typecode twobyte endpointindex arbitrary sequence bytes called remainingartifact.three pieces information concatenated baseencoded yield complete artifact.the typecode uniquely identifies artifact format.saml .predefines one artifact type x. endpointindex reference particular artifact resolution endpoint managed artifact issuer may either idp sp mentioned earlier. |
SAML 2.0 | remainingartifact determined type definition meat artifact.the format type x artifact defined follows typecode x remainingartifact sourceid messagehandle sourceid bytesequence messagehandle bytesequencethus type x artifact size bytes unencoded.sourceid arbitrary sequence bytes although practice sourceid sha hash issuers entityid.messagehandle random sequence bytes references saml message artifact issuer willing produce ondemand.for example consider hexencoded type x artifact cffdcebabedaadeeeafdcffif look closely see typecode x endpointindex x front artifact.next bytes sha hash issuers entityid httpsidp.example.orgsaml followed random bytes.baseencoding bytes see artifactresolverequest example above. |
SAML 2.0 | saml .profiles saml .saml .primary use case still web browser sso scope saml .broader previous versions saml suggested following exhaustive list profilessso profilesweb browser sso profileenhanced client proxy ecp profileidentity provider discovery profilesingle logout profilename identifier management profileartifact resolution profileassertion queryrequest profilename identifier mapping profilesaml attribute profilesbasic attribute profilex.ldap attribute profileuuid attribute profiledce pac attribute profilexacml attribute profilealthough number supported profiles quite large profiles specification samlprof simplified since binding aspects profile factored separate bindings specification samlbind. |
SAML 2.0 | web browser sso profile saml .specifies web browser sso profile involving identity provider idp service provider sp principal wielding http user agent.service provider four bindings choose identity provider three leads twelve possible deployment scenarios.outline three deployment scenarios below.sp redirect request idp post response one common scenarios. |
SAML 2.0 | service provider sends saml request idp sso service using httpredirect binding.identity provider returns saml response sp assertion consumer service using httppost binding.the message flow begins request secured resource service provider.. request target resource spthe principal via http user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresourcethe service provider performs security check behalf target resource.valid security context service provider already exists skip steps –.the service provider may use kind mechanism discover identity provider used e.g.ask user use preconfigured idp etc.. redirect idp sso servicethe service provider generates appropriate samlrequest relaystate redirects browser idp sso service using standard http redirect.the relaystate token opaque reference state information maintained service provider.value samlrequest parameter deflated baseencoded urlencoded value samlpauthnrequest elementthe samlrequest may signed using sp signing key. |
SAML 2.0 | typically however necessary.. request sso service idpthe user agent issues get request sso service identity providerwhere values samlrequest relaystate parameters provided redirect.sso service identity provider processes samlpauthnrequest element urldecoding basedecoding inflating request order performs security check.user valid security context identity provider identifies user mechanism details omitted.. respond xhtml formthe sso service validates request responds document containing xhtml formthe value relaystate parameter preserved step .value samlresponse parameter base encoding following samlpresponse element.request assertion consumer service spthe user agent issues post request assertion consumer service service providerwhere values samlresponse relaystate parameters taken xhtml form step .. redirect target resourcethe assertion consumer service processes response creates security context service provider redirects user agent target resource.. request target resource sp againthe user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresource. |
SAML 2.0 | respond requested resourcesince security context exists service provider returns resource user agent.sp post request idp post response relatively simple deployment saml .web browser sso profile samlprof service provider sp identity provider idp use http post binding.the message flow begins request secured resource sp.. request target resource spthe principal via http user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresourcethe service provider performs security check behalf target resource.valid security context service provider already exists skip steps –.. respond xhtml formthe service provider responds document containing xhtml formthe relaystate token opaque reference state information maintained service provider.value samlrequest parameter base encoding following samlpauthnrequest elementbefore samlpauthnrequest element inserted xhtml form first baseencoded.. request sso service idpthe user agent issues post request sso service identity providerwhere values samlrequest relaystate parameters taken xhtml form step . |
SAML 2.0 | sso service processes samlpauthnrequest element urldecoding basedecoding inflating request order performs security check.user valid security context identity provider identifies user details omitted.. respond xhtml formthe sso service validates request responds document containing xhtml formthe value relaystate parameter preserved step .value samlresponse parameter base encoding following samlpresponse element.request assertion consumer service spthe user agent issues post request assertion consumer service service providerwhere values samlresponse relaystate parameters taken xhtml form step .. redirect target resourcethe assertion consumer service processes response creates security context service provider redirects user agent target resource.. request target resource sp againthe user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresource.respond requested resourcesince security context exists service provider returns resource user agent. |
SAML 2.0 | sp redirect artifact idp redirect artifact complex deployment saml .web browser sso profile samlprof service provider sp identity provider idp use http artifact binding.artifacts delivered respective endpoints via http get.the message flow begins request secured resource sp.request target resource spthe principal via http user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresourcethe service provider performs security check behalf target resource.valid security context service provider already exists skip steps –.. redirect single signon sso service idpthe service provider redirects user agent single signon sso service identity provider. |
SAML 2.0 | relaystate parameter samlart parameter appended redirect url.. request sso service idpthe user agent requests sso service identity provider httpsidp.example.orgsamlssoartifactsamlartartifactrelaystatetokenwhere token opaque reference state information maintained service provider artifact saml artifact issued step .. request artifact resolution service spthe sso service dereferences artifact sending samlpartifactresolve element bound saml soap message artifact resolution service service providerwhere value samlpartifact element saml artifact transmitted step .. respond saml authnrequestthe artifact resolution service service provider returns samlpartifactresponse element containing samlpauthnrequest element bound saml soap message sso service identity providerthe sso service processes samlpauthnrequest element performs security check.user valid security context identity provider identifies user details omitted.. redirect assertion consumer servicethe sso service identity provider redirects user agent assertion consumer service service provider.previous relaystate parameter new samlart parameter appended redirect url.. request assertion consumer service spthe user agent requests assertion consumer service service provider httpssp.example.comsamlssoartifactsamlartartifactrelaystatetokenwhere token token value step artifact saml artifact issued step .. request artifact resolution service idpthe assertion consumer service dereferences artifact sending samlpartifactresolve element bound saml soap message artifact resolution service identity providerwhere value samlpartifact element saml artifact transmitted step .. respond saml assertionthe artifact resolution service identity provider returns samlpartifactresponse element containing samlpresponse element bound saml soap message assertion consumer service service provider.redirect target resourcethe assertion consumer service processes response creates security context service provider redirects user agent target resource.. request target resource sp againthe user agent requests target resource service provider httpssp.example.commyresource.respond requested resourcesince security context exists service provider returns resource user agent. |
SAML 2.0 | identity provider discovery profile saml .identity provider discovery profile introduces following conceptscommon domaincommon domain cookiecommon domain cookie writing servicecommon domain cookie reading serviceas hypothetical example common domain lets suppose example uk example.co.uk example deutschland example.de belong virtual organization example global alliance example.com.example domain example.com common domain.example uk example deutschland presence domain uk.example.com de.example.com resp..the common domain cookie secure browser cookie scoped common domain.browser user cookie stores history list recently visited idps. |
SAML 2.0 | name value cookie specified idp discovery profile samlprof.after successful act authentication idp requests common domain cookie writing service.service appends idps unique identifier common domain cookie.sp receives unauthenticated request protected resource requests common domain cookie reading service discover browser users recently used idp.assertion queryrequest profile assertion queryrequest profile general profile accommodates numerous types socalled queries using following saml .elementsthe samlpassertionidrequest element used request assertion given unique identifier idthe samlpsubjectquery element abstract extension point allows new subjectbased saml queries definedthe samlpauthnquery element used request existing authentication assertions given subject authentication authoritythe samlpattributequery element used request attributes given subject attribute authoritythe samlpauthzdecisionquery element used request authorization decision trusted third partythe saml soap binding often used conjunction queries. |
SAML 2.0 | saml attribute query attribute query perhaps important type saml query.often requester acting behalf principal queries identity provider attributes.give example query issued principal directlynote issuer subject case.sometimes called attribute selfquery.identity provider might return following assertion wrapped samlpresponse element shownin contrast bearerassertion shown earlier assertion longer lifetime corresponding lifetime x. certificate principal used authenticate identity provider. |
SAML 2.0 | moreover since assertion signed user push assertion relying party long user prove possession corresponding private key hence name holderofkey relying party assured assertion authentic.saml .metadata quite literally metadata makes saml work work well.important uses metadata includea service provider prepares transmit samlpauthnrequest element identity provider via browser.service provider know identity provider authentic evil identity provider trying phish users password service provider consults list trusted identity providers metadata issuing authentication request.in previous scenario service provider know send user authentication request service provider looks prearranged endpoint location trusted identity provider metadata.an identity provider receives samlpauthnrequest element service provider via browser. |
SAML 2.0 | identity provider know service provider authentic evil service provider trying harvest personally identifiable information regarding user identity provider consults list trusted service providers metadata issuing authentication response.in previous scenario identity provider encrypt saml assertion trusted service provider trusted service provider decrypt assertion.identity provider uses service providers encryption certificate metadata encrypt assertion.continuing previous scenario identity provider know send user authentication response identity provider looks prearranged endpoint location trusted service provider metadata.how service provider know authentication response came trusted identity provider service provider verifies signature assertion using public key identity provider metadata.how service provider know resolve artifact received trusted identity provider service provider looks prearranged endpoint location identity providers artifact resolution service metadata.metadata ensures secure transaction identity provider service provider.metadata trust information encoded implementation proprietary manner.sharing trust information facilitated standard metadata.saml . |
SAML 2.0 | provides welldefined interoperable metadata format entities leverage bootstrap trust process.identity provider metadata identity provider publishes data mdentitydescriptor elementnote following details entity descriptorthe entityid attribute unique identifier entity.the validuntil attribute gives expiration date metadata.the dssignature element omitted simplicity contains digital signature ensures authenticity integrity metadata.the organization identified mdorganization element responsible entity described entity descriptor section .. samlmeta.the contact information mdcontactperson element identifies technical contact responsible entity.multiple contacts contact types possible.see section ... samlmeta.by definition identity provider manages sso service supports saml web browser sso profile specified samlprof.see example identity provider described mdidpssodescriptor element shown next section. |
SAML 2.0 | sso service metadata sso service identity provider described mdidpssodescriptor elementthe previous metadata element describes sso service identity provider.note following details elementthe identity provider software configured private saml signing key andor private backchannel tls key.corresponding public key included mdkeydescriptor usesigning element idp metadata.key material omitted key descriptor brevity.the binding attribute mdartifactresolutionservice element indicates saml soap binding samlbind used artifact resolution.the location attribute mdartifactresolutionservice element used step double artifact profile.the value index attribute mdartifactresolutionservice element used endpointindex construction saml type x artifact.the mdnameidformat elements indicate saml name identifier formats samlcore sso service supports.the binding attributes mdsinglesignonservice elements standard uris specified saml .binding specification samlbind.the location attribute mdsinglesignonservice element supports http post binding used step double post profile.the location attribute mdsinglesignonservice element supports http artifact binding used step double artifact profile.the samlattribute element describes attribute identity provider willing assert subject policy. |
SAML 2.0 | samlattributevalue elements enumerate possible values attribute may take on.as noted beginning section values location attributes used service provider route saml messages minimizes possibility rogue identity provider orchestrating maninthemiddle attack.service provider metadata like identity provider service provider publishes data mdentitydescriptor elementnote following details entity descriptorthe entityid attribute unique identifier entity.the validuntil attribute gives expiration date metadata.the dssignature element omitted simplicity contains digital signature ensures authenticity integrity metadata.the organization identified mdorganization element responsible entity described entity descriptor section .. samlmeta.the contact information mdcontactperson element identifies technical contact responsible entity.multiple contacts contact types possible.see section ... samlmeta.by definition service provider manages assertion consumer service supports saml web browser sso profile specified samlprof.see example service provider described mdspssodescriptor element shown next section. |
SAML 2.0 | assertion consumer service metadata assertion consumer service contained mdspssodescriptor elementnote following details mdspssodescriptor metadata elementthe service provider software configured private saml signing key andor private backchannel tls key.corresponding public key included mdkeydescriptor usesigning element sp metadata.key material omitted key descriptor brevity.likewise service provider software configured private saml decryption key.public saml encryption key included mdkeydescriptor useencryption element sp metadata.key material omitted key descriptor brevity.the index attribute mdassertionconsumerservice element used value assertionconsumerserviceindex attribute samlpauthnrequest element.the binding attributes mdassertionconsumerservice elements standard uris specified saml . |
SAML 2.0 | binding specification samlbind.the location attribute mdassertionconsumerservice element supports http post binding index used step double post profile.the location attribute mdassertionconsumerservice element supports http artifact binding index used step double artifact profile.the mdattributeconsumingservice element used identity provider formulate samlattributestatement element pushed service provider conjunction web browser sso.the index attribute mdattributeconsumingservice element used value attributeconsumingserviceindex attribute samlpauthnrequest element.as noted beginning section values location attributes used identity provider route saml messages minimizes possibility rogue service provider orchestrating maninthemiddle attack.metadata aggregates previous examples mdentitydescriptor element shown digitally signed.practice however multiple mdentitydescriptor elements grouped together mdentitiesdescriptor element single digital signature entire aggregatenote following details mdentitiesdescriptor elementthe digital signature omitted brevity covers entire aggregate.the validuntil xml attribute elevated parent element implying expiration date applies child element.the xml namespace declarations elevated parent element avoid redundant namespace declarations.typically metadata aggregates published trusted third parties called federations vouch integrity metadata aggregate.note metadata aggregates large composed hundreds even thousands entities per aggregate.see also security assertion markup languagesaml .saml metadatasamlbased products servicesopenid connect references primary referencessecondary referencesdeprecated references |
Security testing | due logical limitations security testing passing security testing process indication flaws exist system adequately satisfies security requirements.typical security requirements may include specific elements confidentiality integrity authentication availability authorization nonrepudiation.actual security requirements tested depend security requirements implemented system.security testing term number different meanings completed number different ways.security taxonomy helps us understand different approaches meanings providing base level work from.confidentiality security measure protects disclosure information parties intended recipient means way ensuring security. |
Security testing | integrity integrity information refers protecting information modified unauthorized partiesa measure intended allow receiver determine information provided system correct.integrity schemes often use underlying technologies confidentiality schemes usually involve adding information communication form basis algorithmic check rather encoding communication.to check correct information transferred one application other.authentication might involve confirming identity person tracing origins artifact ensuring product packaging labeling claims assuring computer program trusted one.authorization process determining requester allowed receive service perform operation.access control example authorization.availability assuring information communications services ready use expected.information must kept available authorized persons need it.nonrepudiation reference digital security nonrepudiation means ensure transferred message sent received parties claiming sent received message. |
Security testing | nonrepudiation way guarantee sender message cannot later deny sent message recipient cannot deny received message.a senderid usually header transmitted along message recognises message source.taxonomy common terms used delivery security testingdiscovery purpose stage identify systems within scope services use.intended discover vulnerabilities version detection may highlight deprecated versions software firmware thus indicate potential vulnerabilities.vulnerability scan following discovery stage looks known security issues using automated tools match conditions known vulnerabilities.reported risk level set automatically tool manual verification interpretation test vendor.supplemented credential based scanning looks remove common false positives using supplied credentials authenticate service local windows accounts.vulnerability assessment uses discovery vulnerability scanning identify security vulnerabilities places findings context environment test. |
Security testing | example would removing common false positives report deciding risk levels applied report finding improve business understanding context.security assessment builds upon vulnerability assessment adding manual verification confirm exposure include exploitation vulnerabilities gain access.verification could form authorized access system confirm system settings involve examining logs system responses error messages codes etc.security assessment looking gain broad coverage systems test depth exposure specific vulnerability could lead to.penetration test penetration test simulates attack malicious party.building previous stages involves exploitation found vulnerabilities gain access.using approach result understanding ability attacker gain access confidential information affect data integrity availability service respective impact. |
Security testing | test approached using consistent complete methodology way allows tester use problem solving abilities output range tools knowledge networking systems find vulnerabilities would could identified automated tools.approach looks depth attack compared security assessment approach looks broader coverage.security audit driven audit risk function look specific control compliance issue.characterized narrow scope type engagement could make use earlier approaches discussed vulnerability assessment security assessment penetration test.security review verification industry internal security standards applied system components product.typically completed gap analysis utilizes build code reviews reviewing design documents architecture diagrams.activity utilize earlier approaches vulnerability assessment security assessment penetration test security audit tools csa container infrastructure security analysisdast dynamic application security testingdlp data loss preventioniast interactive application security testingidsips intrusion detection andor intrusion preventionoss open source software scanningrasp runtime application self protectionsast static application security testingsca software composition analysiswaf web application firewall see also national information assurance glossary references |
Rich web application | concept closely related singlepage application may allow user interactive features drag drop background menu wysiwyg editing etc.concept first introduced macromedia describe macromedia flash mx product later became adobe flash.throughout term generalized describe web applications developed competing browser plugin technologies including java applets microsoft silverlight.with deprecation browser plugin interfaces transition standard html technologies rich web applications replaced javascript web applications including singlepage applications progressive web applications.history terms rich client rich internet application introduced white paper march macromedia adobe though concept existed number years earlier names including remote scripting microsoft april x internet forrester research october rich web application.in november number announcements demonstrated decline demand rich web application architectures based plugins order favor html alternatives.adobe announced flash would longer produced mobile tv refocusing efforts adobe air. |
Rich web application | pundits questioned continued relevance even desktop described beginning end.research motion rim announced would continue develop flash playbook decision questioned commentators.rumors state microsoft abandon silverlight version released.combination announcements proclaiming end line browser plugins.rich mobile applications rich mobile application rma mobile application inherits numerous properties rich web applications features several explicit properties context awareness ubiquity. |
Rich web application | rmas energy efficient multitier online mobile applications originated convergence mobile cloud computing future web imminent communication technologies envisioning deliver rich user experience via high functionality immersive interaction crisp response secure wireless environment enabling contextawareness offline usability portability data ubiquity.origins rmas successful deployment rich web applications desktop computers increasing popularity mobile devices researchers brought enhanced rich web application functionalities smartphone platform.ntt docomo japan adopted adobe flash lite enhance mobile applications functionality.google brought google gears windows mobile devices support platformneutral mobile applications offline mode.google gears mobile devices mobile browser extension developing rich web applications. |
Rich web application | applications executed inside mobile device web browser regardless architecture operating system technology.april microsoft introduced microsoft silverlight mobile develop engaging interactive uis mobile devices.silverlight .net plugin compatible several mobile browsers runs silverlightenabled mobile apps.android accommodated google gear plugin google chrome lite browser improve interaction experience android endusers.technologies adobe flash adobe flash manipulates vector raster graphics provide animation text drawings still images. |
Rich web application | supports bidirectional streaming audio video capture user input via mouse keyboard microphone camera.flash contains objectoriented language called actionscript supports automation via javascript flash language jsfl.flash content may displayed various computer systems devices using adobe flash player available free charge common web browsers mobile phones electronic devices using flash lite.apache flex formerly adobe flex software development kit sdk development deployment crossplatform rias based adobe flash platform.initially developed macromedia acquired adobe systems flex donated adobe apache software foundation .java applet java applets used create interactive visualizations present video three dimensional objects media. |
Rich web application | java applets appropriate complex visualizations required significant programming effort high level language communications applet originating server.javafx javafx software platform creating delivering rias run across wide variety connected devices.current release javafx march enables building applications desktop browser mobile phones comes support.tv settop boxes gaming consoles bluray players platforms planned.java fx runs plugin java applet via webstart. |
Rich web application | microsoft silverlight silverlight proposed microsoft another proprietary alternative.technology widely accepted instance lacks support many mobile devices.examples application video streaming events including summer olympics beijing winter olympics vancouver conventions major political parties united states.silverlight also used netflix instant video streaming service.silverlight longer active development supported microsoft edge microsofts recent browser. |
Rich web application | gears gears formerly known google gears discontinued utility software providing offline storage additional features web browsers including google chrome.gears discontinued favor standardized html methods.gears removed google chrome .techniques rias could use xforms enhance functionality.using xml xslt along xhtml css javascript also used generate richer client side ui components like data tables resorted locally client without going back server. |
Rich web application | mozilla internet explorer browsers support this.security issues older standards rias present indexing challenges web search engines adobe flash content least partially indexable.security improve application software example use sandboxes automatic updates extensions remain subject vulnerabilities access often much greater native web applications.security purposes rias run client portions within special isolated area client desktop called sandbox.sandbox limits visibility access filesystem operating system client application server side connection.approach allows client system handle local activities reformatting forth thereby lowering amount frequency clientserver traffic especially versus clientserver implementations built around socalled thin clients. |
Spring Security | see also htmllist rich web application frameworkspigui references external links accessible rich internet applications waiaria .– wc candidate recommendation januaryproject started late acegi security pronounced ahseegee whose letters first third fifth seventh ninth characters english alphabet order prevent name conflicts ben alex publicly released apache license march .subsequently acegi incorporated spring portfolio spring security official spring subproject.first public release new name spring security .. april commercial support training available springsource.authentication flow diagram shows basic flow authentication request using spring security system.shows different filters interact initial browser request either successful authentication http error. |
Spring Security | key authentication features ldap using bindbased password comparison strategies centralization authentication information.single signon capabilities using popular central authentication service.java authentication authorization service jaas loginmodule standardsbased method authentication used within java.note feature delegation jaas loginmodule.basic access authentication defined rfc .digest access authentication defined rfc rfc .x.client certificate presentation secure sockets layer standard.ca inc siteminder authentication popular commercial access management product.su unixlike support switching principal identity http https connection.runas replacement enables operation assume different security identity.anonymous authentication means even unauthenticated principals allocated security identity.container adapter custom realm support apache tomcat resin jboss jetty web server.windows ntlm enable browser integration experimental.web form authentication similar servlet container specification.rememberme support via http cookies.concurrent session support limits number simultaneous logins permitted principal.full support customization plugging custom authentication implementations.key authorization features aspectj method invocation authorization.http authorization web request urls using choice apache ant paths regular expressions.instancebased security features used specifying access control lists applicable domain objects.spring security offers repository storing retrieving modifying acls database.authorization features provided enforce policies method invocations. |
Taint checking | features software localization user interface messages language.channel security automatically switch http https upon meeting particular rules.caching databasetouching areas framework.publishing messages facilitate eventdriven programming.support performing integration testing via junit.spring security comprehensive junit isolation tests.several sample applications detailed javadocs reference guide.web framework independence.releases .. april .. december .. december .. august .. december .. march .. august .. november .. .. .. december .. march .. june .. november .. .. september .. ga september .. .. .. october .. .. .. november .. .. .. january .. february .. .. .. april references external links official websitetaint checks highlight specific security risks primarily associated web sites attacked using techniques sql injection buffer overflow attack approaches.overview concept behind taint checking variable modified outside user example variable set field web form poses potential security risk.variable used expression sets second variable second variable also suspicious.taint checking tool proceed variable variable forming list variables potentially influenced outside input.variables used execute dangerous commands direct commands sql database host computer operating system taint checker warns program using potentially dangerous tainted variable. |
Taint checking | computer programmer redesign program erect safe wall around dangerous input.taint checking may viewed conservative approximation full verification noninterference general concept secure information flow.information flow system cannot verified examining single execution trace system results taint analysis necessarily reflect approximate information regarding information flow characteristics system applied.example following dangerous perl code opens large sql injection vulnerability checking value name variableif taint checking turned perl would refuse run command exit error message tainted variable used sql query.without taint checking user could enter foo drop table users thereby running command deletes entire database table.much safer would encode tainted value name sql string literal use result sql query guaranteeing dangerous command embedded name evaluated. |
Taint checking | another way achieve use prepared statement sanitize variable input query.one thing note perl dbi requires one set taintin attribute database handle well enabling taint mode check ones sql strings.history perl supported tainting setuid scripts least version .released though version .released switch introduced integrating tainting single runtime.in netscape implemented data tainting serverside javascript netscape communications server well clientside netscape navigator .however since clientside support considered experimental shipped disabled requiring user intervention activate required page authors modify scripts benefit it.browser vendors never implemented functionality communications servers primary competition microsofts new internet information server. |
Optenet | references external links guidelines wc taintchecking cgi scriptsperlsec perl security documentationprimarily carriers managed security service providers large enterprises.march allot acquired optenet.history optenet private company spinoff university navarras engineering faculty san sebastians research centre san sebastian spain.internal study teacher computer science francisco martín abreu antispam spanish language proved efficient enough.optenet founded fill need. |
Optenet | provides customers multitenant secure web gateway email infrastructure solution primarily carriers managed security service providers large enterprises want create service offerings clients.product optenet websecure recently awarded five stars sc magazines web content management group test defining solid web security solution..in march allot acquired optenet million.distinctions achievements optenet named cool vendor gartner innovative multitenant technology gartners report cool vendors communications service provider infrastructure authored akshay sharma deborah kish.references external links official websiteprimarily carriers managed security service providers large enterprises.march allot acquired optenet.history optenet private company spinoff university navarras engineering faculty san sebastians research centre san sebastian spain.internal study teacher computer science francisco martín abreu antispam spanish language proved efficient enough.optenet founded fill need. |
Data security | provides customers multitenant secure web gateway email infrastructure solution primarily carriers managed security service providers large enterprises want create service offerings clients.product optenet websecure recently awarded five stars sc magazines web content management group test defining solid web security solution..in march allot acquired optenet million.distinctions achievements optenet named cool vendor gartner innovative multitenant technology gartners report cool vendors communications service provider infrastructure authored akshay sharma deborah kish.references external links official websitetechnologies disk encryption disk encryption refers encryption technology encrypts data hard disk drive.disk encryption typically takes form either software see disk encryption software hardware see disk encryption hardware.disk encryption often referred onthefly encryption otfe transparent encryption.software versus hardwarebased mechanisms protecting data softwarebased security solutions encrypt data protect theft.however malicious program hacker could corrupt data order make unrecoverable making system unusable. |
Data security | hardwarebased security solutions prevent read write access data provides strong protection tampering unauthorized access.hardware based security assisted computer security offers alternative softwareonly computer security.security tokens using pkcs may secure due physical access required order compromised.access enabled token connected correct pin entered see twofactor authentication.however dongles used anyone gain physical access it.newer technologies hardwarebased security solves problem offering full proof security data.working hardwarebased security hardware device allows user log log set different levels manual actions. |
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