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Apache Hadoop
transfers packaged code nodes process data parallel.approach takes advantage data locality nodes manipulate data access to.allows dataset processed faster efficiently would conventional supercomputer architecture relies parallel file system computation data distributed via highspeed networking.the base apache hadoop framework composed following moduleshadoop common – contains libraries utilities needed hadoop moduleshadoop distributed file system hdfs – distributed filesystem stores data commodity machines providing high aggregate bandwidth across clusterhadoop yarn – introduced platform responsible managing computing resources clusters using scheduling users applicationshadoop mapreduce – implementation mapreduce programming model largescale data processing.hadoop ozone – introduced object store hadoopthe term hadoop often used base modules submodules also ecosystem collection additional software packages installed top alongside hadoop apache pig apache hive apache hbase apache phoenix apache spark apache zookeeper cloudera impala apache flume apache sqoop apache oozie apache storm.apache hadoops mapreduce hdfs components inspired google papers mapreduce google file system.the hadoop framework mostly written java programming language native code c command line utilities written shell scripts.though mapreduce java code common programming language used hadoop streaming implement map reduce parts users program.projects hadoop ecosystem expose richer user interfaces.
Apache Hadoop
history according cofounders doug cutting mike cafarella genesis hadoop google file system paper published october .paper spawned another one google – mapreduce simplified data processing large clusters.development started apache nutch project moved new hadoop subproject january .doug cutting working yahoo time named sons toy elephant.initial code factored nutch consisted lines code hdfs lines code mapreduce.in march owen omalley first committer add hadoop project hadoop .. released april .
Apache Hadoop
continues evolve contributions made project.first design document hadoop distributed file system written dhruba borthakur .architecture hadoop consists hadoop common package provides file system operating system level abstractions mapreduce engine either mapreducemr yarnmr hadoop distributed file system hdfs.hadoop common package contains java archive jar files scripts needed start hadoop.for effective scheduling work every hadoopcompatible file system provide location awareness name rack specifically network switch worker node is.hadoop applications use information execute code node data failing rackswitch reduce backbone traffic.
Apache Hadoop
hdfs uses method replicating data data redundancy across multiple racks.approach reduces impact rack power outage switch failure hardware failures occurs data remain available.a small hadoop cluster includes single master multiple worker nodes.master node consists job tracker task tracker namenode datanode.slave worker node acts datanode tasktracker though possible dataonly computeonly worker nodes.normally used nonstandard applications.hadoop requires java runtime environment jre .
Apache Hadoop
higher.standard startup shutdown scripts require secure shell ssh set nodes cluster.in larger cluster hdfs nodes managed dedicated namenode server host file system index secondary namenode generate snapshots namenodes memory structures thereby preventing filesystem corruption loss data.similarly standalone jobtracker server manage job scheduling across nodes.hadoop mapreduce used alternate file system namenode secondary namenode datanode architecture hdfs replaced filesystemspecific equivalents.file systems hadoop distributed file system hadoop distributed file system hdfs distributed scalable portable file system written java hadoop framework.
Apache Hadoop
consider instead data store due lack posix compliance provide shell commands java application programming interface api methods similar file systems.hadoop instance divided hdfs mapreduce.hdfs used storing data mapreduce used processing data.hdfs five services followsname nodesecondary name nodejob trackerdata nodetask trackertop three master servicesdaemonsnodes bottom two slave services.master services communicate way slave services communicate other.name node master node data node corresponding slave node talk other.name node hdfs consists one name node called master node.
Apache Hadoop
master node track files manage file system metadata stored data within it.particular name node contains details number blocks locations data node data stored replications stored details.name node direct contact client.data node data node stores data blocks.also known slave node stores actual data hdfs responsible client read write.slave daemons.
Apache Hadoop
every data node sends heartbeat message name node every seconds conveys alive.way name node receive heartbeat data node minutes take data node dead starts process block replications data node.secondary name node take care checkpoints file system metadata name node.also known checkpoint node.helper node name node.secondary name node instructs name node create send fsimage editlog file upon compacted fsimage file created secondary name node.job tracker job tracker receives requests map reduce execution client.
Apache Hadoop
job tracker talks name node know location data used processing.name node responds metadata required processing data.task tracker slave node job tracker take task job tracker.also receives code job tracker.task tracker take code apply file.process applying code file known mapper.hadoop cluster nominally single namenode plus cluster datanodes although redundancy options available namenode due criticality.
Apache Hadoop
datanode serves blocks data network using block protocol specific hdfs.file system uses tcpip sockets communication.clients use remote procedure calls rpc communicate other.hdfs stores large files typically range gigabytes terabytes across multiple machines.achieves reliability replicating data across multiple hosts hence theoretically require redundant array independent disks raid storage hosts increase inputoutput io performance raid configurations still useful.default replication value data stored three nodes two rack one different rack.
Apache Hadoop
data nodes talk rebalance data move copies around keep replication data high.hdfs fully posixcompliant requirements posix filesystem differ target goals hadoop application.tradeoff fully posixcompliant filesystem increased performance data throughput support nonposix operations append.in may highavailability capabilities added hdfs letting main metadata server called namenode manually failover onto backup.project also started developing automatic failovers.the hdfs file system includes socalled secondary namenode misleading term might incorrectly interpret backup namenode primary namenode goes offline.fact secondary namenode regularly connects primary namenode builds snapshots primary namenodes directory information system saves local remote directories.
Apache Hadoop
checkpointed images used restart failed primary namenode without replay entire journal filesystem actions edit log create uptodate directory structure.namenode single point storage management metadata become bottleneck supporting huge number files especially large number small files.hdfs federation new addition aims tackle problem certain extent allowing multiple namespaces served separate namenodes.moreover issues hdfs small file issues scalability problems single point failure spof bottlenecks huge metadata requests.one advantage using hdfs data awareness job tracker task tracker.job tracker schedules map reduce jobs task trackers awareness data location.
Apache Hadoop
example node contains data b c node x contains data x z job tracker schedules node perform map reduce tasks b c node x would scheduled perform map reduce tasks x z. reduces amount traffic goes network prevents unnecessary data transfer.hadoop used file systems advantage always available.significant impact jobcompletion times demonstrated dataintensive jobs.hdfs designed mostly immutable files may suitable systems requiring concurrent write operations.hdfs mounted directly filesystem userspace fuse virtual file system linux unix systems.file access achieved native java api thrift api generates client number languages e.g.c java python php ruby erlang perl haskell c cocoa smalltalk ocaml commandline interface hdfsui web application http via rdparty network client libraries.hdfs designed portability across various hardware platforms compatibility variety underlying operating systems.hdfs design introduces portability limitations result performance bottlenecks since java implementation cannot use features exclusive platform hdfs running.
Apache Hadoop
due widespread integration enterpriselevel infrastructure monitoring hdfs performance scale become increasingly important issue.monitoring endtoend performance requires tracking metrics datanodes namenodes underlying operating system.currently several monitoring platforms track hdfs performance including hortonworks cloudera datadog.file systems hadoop works directly distributed file system mounted underlying operating system simply using file url however comes price – loss locality.reduce network traffic hadoop needs know servers closest data information hadoopspecific file system bridges provide.in may list supported file systems bundled apache hadoop werehdfs hadoops rackaware file system.
Apache Hadoop
designed scale tens petabytes storage runs top file systems underlying operating systems.apache hadoop ozone hdfscompatible object store targeting optimized billions small files.ftp file system stores data remotely accessible ftp servers.amazon simple storage service object storage targeted clusters hosted amazon elastic compute cloud serverondemand infrastructure.rackawareness file system remote.windows azure storage blobs wasb file system extension hdfs allows distributions hadoop access data azure blob stores without moving data permanently cluster.a number thirdparty file system bridges also written none currently hadoop distributions.however commercial distributions hadoop ship alternative file system default – specifically ibm mapr.in ibm discussed running hadoop ibm general parallel file system.source code published october .in april parascale published source code run hadoop parascale file system.in april appistry released hadoop file system driver use cloudiq storage product.in june hp discussed locationaware ibrix fusion file system driver.in may mapr technologies inc. announced availability alternative file system hadoop mapr fs replaced hdfs file system full randomaccess readwrite file system.jobtracker tasktracker mapreduce engine atop file systems comes mapreduce engine consists one jobtracker client applications submit mapreduce jobs.
Apache Hadoop
jobtracker pushes work available tasktracker nodes cluster striving keep work close data possible.rackaware file system jobtracker knows node contains data machines nearby.work cannot hosted actual node data resides priority given nodes rack.reduces network traffic main backbone network.tasktracker fails times part job rescheduled.
Apache Hadoop
tasktracker node spawns separate java virtual machine jvm process prevent tasktracker failing running job crashes jvm.heartbeat sent tasktracker jobtracker every minutes check status.job tracker tasktracker status information exposed jetty viewed web browser.known limitations approach arethe allocation work tasktrackers simple.every tasktracker number available slots slots.every active map reduce task takes one slot.
Apache Hadoop
job tracker allocates work tracker nearest data available slot.consideration current system load allocated machine hence actual availability.if one tasktracker slow delay entire mapreduce job – especially towards end everything end waiting slowest task.speculative execution enabled however single task executed multiple slave nodes.scheduling default hadoop uses fifo scheduling optionally scheduling priorities schedule jobs work queue.version .
Apache Hadoop
job scheduler refactored jobtracker adding ability use alternate scheduler fair scheduler capacity scheduler described next.fair scheduler fair scheduler developed facebook.goal fair scheduler provide fast response times small jobs quality service qos production jobs.fair scheduler three basic concepts.jobs grouped pools.each pool assigned guaranteed minimum share.excess capacity split jobs.by default jobs uncategorized go default pool.pools specify minimum number map slots reduce slots well limit number running jobs.
Apache Hadoop
capacity scheduler capacity scheduler developed yahoo.capacity scheduler supports several features similar fair scheduler.queues allocated fraction total resource capacity.free resources allocated queues beyond total capacity.within queue job high level priority access queues resources.there preemption job running.difference hadoop hadoop yarn biggest difference hadoop hadoop addition yarn yet another resource negotiator replaced mapreduce engine first version hadoop.yarn strives allocate resources various applications effectively.runs two dæmons take care two different tasks resource manager job tracking resource allocation applications application master monitors progress execution.difference hadoop hadoop important features provided hadoop .
Apache Hadoop
example one single namenode hadoop hadoop enables multiple name nodes solves single point failure problem.in hadoop containers working principle docker reduces time spent application development.one biggest changes hadoop decreases storage overhead erasure coding.also hadoop permits usage gpu hardware within cluster substantial benefit execute deep learning algorithms hadoop cluster.applications hdfs restricted mapreduce jobs.used applications many development apache.list includes hbase database apache mahout machine learning system apache hive data warehouse.theoretically hadoop could used workload batchoriented rather realtime dataintensive benefits parallel processing.
Apache Hadoop
also used complement realtime system lambda architecture apache storm flink spark streaming.commercial applications hadoop includelog clickstream analysismarketing analyticsmachine learning data miningimage processingxml message processingweb crawlingarchival work compliance including relational tabular data prominent use cases february yahoo inc. launched claimed worlds largest hadoop production application.yahoo search webmap hadoop application runs linux cluster cores produced data used every yahoo web search query.multiple hadoop clusters yahoo hdfs file systems mapreduce jobs split across multiple data centers.every hadoop cluster node bootstraps linux image including hadoop distribution.work clusters perform known include index calculations yahoo search engine.
Apache Hadoop
june yahoo made source code hadoop version available opensource community.in facebook claimed largest hadoop cluster world pb storage.june announced data grown pb later year announced data growing roughly half pb per day.as hadoop adoption become widespread half fortune companies used hadoop.hadoop hosting cloud hadoop deployed traditional onsite datacenter well cloud.cloud allows organizations deploy hadoop without need acquire hardware specific setup expertise.commercial support number companies offer commercial implementations support hadoop.
Apache Hadoop
branding apache software foundation stated software officially released apache hadoop project called apache hadoop distributions apache hadoop.naming products derivative works vendors term compatible somewhat controversial within hadoop developer community.papers papers influenced birth growth hadoop big data processing.arejeffrey dean sanjay ghemawat mapreduce simplified data processing large clusters google.paper inspired doug cutting develop opensource implementation mapreduce framework.
SQL Anywhere
named hadoop sons toy elephant.michael franklin alon halevy david maier databases dataspaces new abstraction information management.authors highlight need storage systems accept data formats provide apis data access evolve based storage systems understanding data.fay chang et al.bigtable distributed storage system structured data google.robert kallman et al.hstore highperformance distributed main memory transaction processing system see also apache accumulo – secure bigtableapache cassandra columnoriented database supports access hadoopapache couchdb database uses json documents javascript mapreduce queries regular http apiapache hcatalog table storage management layer hadoopbig datadata intensive computinghpcc – lexisnexis risk solutions high performance computing clusterhypertable – hbase alternativesectorsphere – open source distributed storage processingsimple linux utility resource management references bibliography external links official websitesql anywhere known sybase sql anywhere prior acquisition sybase sap.features sql anywhere run windows windows ce mac os x various unix platforms including linux aix hpux solaris.database files independent operating system allowing copied supported platforms.product provides several standard interfaces odbc jdbc ado.net number special interfaces php perl.engine supports stored procedures user functions using watcom sql tsql java cc triggers referential integrity rowlevel locking replication high availability proxy tables events scheduled system events.
SQL Anywhere
strong encryption supported database files clientserver communication.uses sql anywhere used several contexts including embedded database particularly application data store.example used intuit quickbooks network management products backup products.ability used minimal administration distinguishing feature role.it used database server work groups small mediumsized businesses.also function mobile database.
SQL Anywhere
includes scalable data synchronization technology provides changebased replication separate databases including large serverbased rdbms systems.technologies sql anywhere server high performing embeddable relational databasemanagement system rdbms scales thousands users server environments desktop mobile applications used widely deployed zeroadministration environments.ultralite ultralite databasemanagement system designed smallfootprint mobile devices pdas smart phones.mobilink mobilink highlyscalable sessionbased synchronization technology exchanging data among relational databases nonrelational data sources.qanywhere qanywhere facilitates development robust secure storeandforward mobile messaging applications.sql remote sql remote technology based store forward architecture allows occasionally connected users synchronize data sql anywhere databases using file message transfer mechanism.history initially created watcom watcom sql.version watcom acquired powersoft watcom sql shipped visual programming environment powerbuilderversion stored procedures triggerspowersoft sybase merged watcom sql renamed sql anywhere.version sql remote data replication graphical administration toolsversion .renamed adaptive server anywhere asa.multiprocessor support java objects databaseversion .. mobilink data synchronization ultralite mobile database palm os windows ceversion dynamic cache task scheduling event handling crossplatform administration toolsversion volcano query optimizer encrypted data storage transmissionversion index consultant embedded http serverversion – renamed sql anywhere high availability intraquery parallelism materialized viewsversion full text search blackberry supportversion released sap sybase support spatial dataversion april – faster synchronization improved securityversion july released sap references external links sql anywhere official product page
Oracle Database
oracle database available several service providers onprem oncloud hybrid cloud installation.may run third party servers well oracle hardware exadata onprem oracle cloud cloud customer history larry ellison two friends former coworkers bob miner ed oates started consultancy called software development laboratories sdl .sdl developed original version oracle software.name oracle comes codename ciafunded project ellison worked formerly employed ampex.releases versions oracle products follow custom releasenumbering naming convention.
Oracle Database
c current release oracle database c stands cloud.previous releases e.g.oracle database g oraclei database used suffixes g stand grid internet respectively.prior release oraclei database suffixes featured oracle database naming conventions.note v oracle database cofounder larry ellison knew one would want buy version .oracle database release numbering used following codesthe introduction oracle database includes brief history key innovations introduced major release oracle database.see oracle support mos note release schedule current database releases doc id .
Oracle Database
current oracle database releases patching end dates.patch updates security alerts prior oracle database c oracle corporation released critical patch updates cpus security patch updates spus security alerts close security vulnerabilities.releases issued quarterly releases updates issued prior next quarterly release.starting oracle database c oracle corporation releases release updates rus release update revisions rurs.rus usually contain security regression bug optimizer functional fixes may include feature extensions well.rurs include fixes corresponding ru add new security regression fixes.
Oracle Database
however new optimizer functional fixes included.market position gartner report claimed show oracle holding rdbms market share worldwide based revenue share ahead four closest competitors – microsoft ibm sap teradata .competition market relational databases oracle database competes commercial products ibms db udb microsoft sql server.oracle ibm tend battle midrange database market unix linux platforms microsoft dominates midrange database market microsoft windows platforms.however since share many customers oracle ibm tend support others products many middleware application categories example websphere peoplesoft siebel systems crm ibms hardware divisions work closely oracle performanceoptimizing servertechnologies example linux ibm z. niche commercial competitors include teradata data warehousing business intelligence software ags adabas sybase ibms informix among many others.increasingly oracle database products compete opensource software relational nonrelational database systems postgresql mongodb couchbase neoj others.
IBM Cloud Object Storage
oracle acquired innobase supplier innodb codebase mysql part compete better open source alternatives acquired sun microsystems owner mysql .database products licensed opensource legal terms open source definition free distribute free royalty licensing fees.see also comparison relational database management systemscomparison object–relational database management systemsdatabase management systemlist relational database management systemslist databases using mvcc references external links overview provided oracle corporation.oracle licensing knowledge net.object storage service deployed onpremise part ibm cloud platform offerings hybrid form.offering store type object allows uses like data archiving backup web mobile applications scalable persistent storage analytics.interaction cloud object storage based rest apis.design ibm cloud object storage stores objects organized buckets identified within bucket unique userassigned key.requests authorized using access control list associated bucket object.
IBM Cloud Object Storage
bucket names keys chosen objects addressable using http urls.features ibm cloud object storage offers different storage classes identical data protection security durability resiliency.classes differ data pattern availability needs.history offering originally introduced cleversafe inc. company based chicago illinois.cleversafe sold object storage system calls dispersed storage network dsnet.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
cleversafe founded chicago illinois s. christopher gladwin originally based iits technology incubator.company stated provides limitless data storage.company patents issued .ibm announced completion acquisition cleversafe november since rebranded companys products ibm cloud object storage.references external links official websiteversions detailed history genesis june th microsoft joined ashtontate sybase create variant sybase sql server ibm os developed jointly microsoft released following year.first version microsoft sql server served microsofts entry enterpriselevel database market competing oracle ibm informix ingres later sybase.sql server .shipped bundled os version .followed version .
History of Microsoft SQL Server
windows nt released alongside windows nt .. sql server .first version designed nt include direction sybase.about time windows nt released july sybase microsoft parted ways pursued design marketing schemes.microsoft negotiated exclusive rights versions sql server written microsoft operating systems.sybase changed name product adaptive server enterprise avoid confusion microsoft sql server.microsofts sql server carried three sybase copyright notices indication origin.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
sql server .sql server .major rewrite c older sybase engine coded c. data pages enlarged k bytes k bytes.extents thereby grew k bytes k bytes.user mode scheduling ums introduced handle sql server threads better windows preemptive multithreading also adding support fibers lightweight threads introduced nt .
History of Microsoft SQL Server
used avoid context switching.sql server .also introduced multidimensional database product called sql olap services became analysis services sql server .sql server .would last version run dec alpha platform.although prerelease versions sql well windows compiled alpha canceled never commercially released.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
mainstream support ended december extended support ended january .sql server sql server included modifications extensions sybase code base adding support ia architecture mainstream support.sql server legacy sybase code completely rewritten.since release sql server advances made performance client ide tools several complementary systems packaged sql server .includean extracttransformload etl tool sql server integration services ssissql server reporting services ssrs reporting serveran olap data mining server analysis servicesseveral messaging technologies specifically service broker notification servicessql server also introduced many tsql language enhancements table variables userdefined functions indexed views instead triggers cascading referential constraints basic xml support.with release service pack microsoft also released first bit version sql server itanium ia platform.confused x platform sql server relational engine sql agent ported itanium time.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
client tools enterprise manager would still need run bit x clients.first release sql ia version .. build date february .mainstream support ended april extended support ended april .sql server sql server formerly codenamed yukon released november .included native support managing xml data addition relational data.purpose defined xml data type could used either data type database columns literals queries.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
xml columns associated xsd schemas xml data stored verified schema.xml converted internal binary data type stored database.specialized indexing methods made available xml data.xml data queried using xquery sql server added extensions tsql language allow embedding xquery queries tsql.also defines new extension xquery called xml dml allows querybased modifications xml data.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
sql server also allows database server exposed web services using tabular data stream tds packets encapsulated within soap protocol requests.data accessed web services results returned xml.common language runtime clr integration introduced version enabling one write sql code managed code clr.relational data tsql augmented error handling features trycatch support recursive queries ctes common table expressions.sql server also enhanced new indexing algorithms syntax better error recovery systems.data pages checksummed better error resiliency optimistic concurrency support added better performance.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
permissions access control made granular query processor handles concurrent execution queries efficient way.partitions tables indexes supported natively scaling database onto cluster easier.sql clr introduced sql server let integrate .net framework.sql server introduced multiversion concurrency control mvcc.user facing features include new transaction isolation level called snapshot variation read committed isolation level based statementlevel data snapshots.sql server introduced mars multiple active results sets method allowing usage database connections multiple purposes.sql server introduced dmvs dynamic management views specialized views functions return server state information used monitor health server instance diagnose problems tune performance.sql server first version native support x platform.service pack sp sql server introduced database mirroring high availability option provides redundancy failover capabilities database level.failover performed manually configured automatic failover.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
automatic failover requires witness partner operating mode synchronous also known highsafety full safety.database mirroring included first release sql server evaluation purposes only.prior sp enabled default supported microsoft.service pack released april service pack released february service pack released december sql server service pack released december .mainstream support sql server ended april extended support sql server ended april .sql server sql server formerly codenamed katmai released august announced sql server special interest group esri users conference august ed katibah spatial program manager microsoft aims make data management selftuning self organizing self maintaining development sql server always technologies provide nearzero downtime.sql server also includes support structured semistructured data including digital media formats pictures audio video multimedia data.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
current versions multimedia data stored blobs binary large objects generic bitstreams.intrinsic awareness multimedia data allow specialized functions performed them.according paul flessner senior vice president server applications microsoft sql server data storage backend different varieties data xml email timecalendar file document spatial etc.well perform search query analysis sharing synchronization across data types.other new data types include specialized date time types spatial data type locationdependent data.better support unstructured semistructured data provided using new filestream data type used reference file stored file system.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
structured data metadata file stored sql server database whereas unstructured component stored file system.files accessed via win file handling apis well via sql server using tsql latter accesses file data blob.backing restoring database backs restores referenced files well.sql server also natively supports hierarchical data includes tsql constructs directly deal without using recursive queries.the fulltext search functionality integrated database engine.according microsoft technical article simplifies management improves performance.spatial data stored two types.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
flat earth geometry planar data type represents geospatial data projected native spherical coordinate system plane.round earth data type geography uses ellipsoidal model earth defined single continuous entity suffer singularities international dateline poles map projection zone edges.approximately methods available represent spatial operations open geospatial consortium simple features sql version ..sql server includes better compression features also helps improving scalability.enhanced indexing algorithms introduced notion filtered indexes.also includes resource governor allows reserving resources certain users workflows.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
also includes capabilities transparent encryption data tde well compression backups.sql server supports ado.net entity framework reporting tools replication data definition built around entity data model.sql server reporting services gain charting capabilities integration data visualization products dundas data visualization inc. acquired microsoft.management side sql server includes declarative management framework allows configuring policies constraints entire database certain tables declaratively.version sql server management studio included sql server supports intellisense sql queries sql server database engine.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
sql server also makes databases available via windows powershell providers management functionality available cmdlets server running instances managed windows powershell.final sql server service pack .. service pack released september .sql server r sql server r ... formerly codenamed kilimanjaro announced teched released manufacturing april .sql server r adds certain features sql server including master data management system branded master data services central management master data entities hierarchies.also multi server management centralized console manage multiple sql server instances services including relational databases reporting services analysis services integration services.sql server r includes number new services including powerpivot excel sharepoint master data services streaminsight report builder .reporting services addin sharepoint datatier function visual studio enables packaging tiered databases part application sql server utility named uc utility control point part amsm application multiserver management used manage multiple sql servers.the first sql server r service pack .. service pack released july .
History of Microsoft SQL Server
second sql server r service pack .. service pack released july .final sql server r service pack .. service pack released september .sql r would last version sql server run itanium ia platform.however x platform would continue force.extended support sql server itanium would continue .sql server professional association sql server pass summit october microsoft announced next major version sql server codenamed denali would sql server .
History of Microsoft SQL Server
released manufacturing march .sql server service pack released manufacturing november service pack released manufacturing june service pack released manufacturing december service pack released manufacturing october .it announced last version natively support ole db instead prefer odbc native connectivity.sql server new features enhancements include always sql server failover cluster instances availability groups provides set options improve database availability contained databases simplify moving databases instances new modified dynamic management views functions programmability enhancements including new spatial features metadata discovery sequence objects throw statement performance enhancements columnstore indexes well improvements online partition level operations security enhancements including provisioning setup new permissions improved role management default schema assignment groups.sql server sql server released manufacturing march released general public april build number ... release.november two ctp revisions ctp ctp.sql server provides new inmemory capability tables fit entirely memory also known hekaton.
History of Microsoft SQL Server
whilst small tables may entirely resident memory versions sql server also may reside disk work involved reserving ram writing evicted pages disk loading new pages disk locking pages ram operated many tasks.treating table guaranteed entirely resident memory much plumbing diskbased databases avoided.for diskbased sql server applications also provides ssd buffer pool extension improve performance cache ram spinning media.sql server also enhances always hadr solution increasing readable secondaries count sustaining read operations upon secondaryprimary disconnections provides new hybrid disaster recovery backup solutions microsoft azure enabling customers use existing skills onpremises version sql server take advantage microsofts global datacenters.addition takes advantage new windows server windows server r capabilities database application scalability physical virtual environment.microsoft provides three versions sql server downloading one runs microsoft azure sql server cab sql server iso.sql server sp consisting primarily bugfixes released may .sql server last version available xia architecture.sql server official general availability ga release date sql server june .the rtm version .... service pack updates version ... service pack released november service pack released april service pack released september .sql server supported x processors only.longer supported x processors.sql server last version service packs launched.
End-to-end encryption
sql server microsoft launched sql server october nd along support linux.sql server microsoft launched sql server november th .sql server .x introduces big data clusters sql server.also provides additional capability improvements sql server database engine sql server analysis services sql server machine learning services sql server linux sql server master data services.processor support referencesprinciple prevents potential eavesdroppers – including telecom providers internet providers malicious state bodies even provider communication service – able access cryptographic keys needed decrypt conversation.endtoend encryption intended prevent data read secretly modified true sender recipients.messages encrypted sender third party means decrypt stores encrypted.recipients retrieve encrypted data decrypt themselves.because third parties decipher data communicated stored example companies provide endtoend encryption unable hand texts customers messages authorities.in uks information commissioners office government body responsible enforcing online data standards stated opposition eee misinformed debate unbalanced little focus benefits since eee helped keep children safe online law enforcement access stored data servers way find abusers.eee privacy many messaging systems including email many chat networks messages pass intermediaries stored third party retrieved recipient.even messages encrypted encrypted transit thus accessible service provider regardless whether serverside disk encryption used.
End-to-end encryption
serverside disk encryption simply prevents unauthorized users viewing information.prevent company viewing information key simply decrypt data.allows third party provide search features scan illegal unacceptable content also means read misused anyone access stored messages third party system whether design via backdoor.seen concern many cases privacy important businesses whose reputation depends ability protect third party data negotiations communications important enough risk targeted hacking surveillance sensitive subjects health information minors involved.it important note eee alone guarantee privacy security.example data may held unencrypted users device accessible via app login compromised.
End-to-end encryption
etymology term term endtoend encryption originally meant communication never decrypted transport sender receiver.for example around eee proposed additional layer encryption gsm tetra addition existing radio encryption protecting communication mobile device network infrastructure.standardised sfpg tetra.note tetra eee keys generated key management centre kmc key management facility kmf communicating users.later around meaning endtoend encryption started evolve whatsapp encrypted portion network requiring communication stays encrypted transport also provider communication service able decrypt communications either access private key capability undetectably inject adversarial public key part maninthemiddle attack.new meaning widely accepted one.modern usage typical serverbased communications systems include endtoend encryption.
End-to-end encryption
systems guarantee protection communications clients servers meaning users trust third parties running servers sensitive content.endtoend encryption regarded safer reduces number parties might able interfere break encryption.case instant messaging users may use thirdparty client plugin implement endtoend encryption scheme otherwise noneee protocol.some noneee systems lavabit hushmail described offering endtoend encryption not.systems telegram google allo criticized endtoend encryption offer enabled default.telegram enable endtoend encryption default voip calls users using desktop software version problem fixed quickly.
End-to-end encryption
however telegram still features endtoend encryption default endtoend encryption group chats endtoend encryption desktop clients.some encrypted backup file sharing services provide clientside encryption.encryption offer referred endtoend encryption services meant sharing messages users.however term endtoend encryption sometimes incorrectly used describe clientside encryption.challenges maninthemiddle attacks endtoend encryption ensures data transferred securely endpoints.rather try break encryption eavesdropper may impersonate message recipient key exchange substituting public key recipients messages encrypted key known attacker.
End-to-end encryption
decrypting message snoop encrypt key share actual recipient public key case asymmetric systems send message avoid detection.known maninthemiddle attack mitm.authentication endtoend encryption protocols include form endpoint authentication specifically prevent mitm attacks.example one could rely certification authorities web trust.alternative technique generate cryptographic hashes fingerprints based communicating users’ public keys shared secret keys.
End-to-end encryption
parties compare fingerprints using outside outofband communication channel guarantees integrity authenticity communication necessarily secrecy starting conversation.fingerprints match theory man middle.when displayed human inspection fingerprints usually use form binarytotext encoding.strings formatted groups characters readability.clients instead display natural language representation fingerprint.approach consists onetoone mapping fingerprint blocks words loss entropy.
End-to-end encryption
protocol may choose display words users native system language.however make crosslanguage comparisons prone errors.in order improve localization protocols chosen display fingerprints base strings instead error prone hexadecimal natural language strings.example base fingerprint called safety number signal security code whatsapp would applications telegram instead encode fingerprints using emojis.modern messaging applications also display fingerprints qr codes users scan others devices.endpoint security endtoend encryption paradigm directly address risks communications endpoints themselves.users computer still hacked steal cryptographic key create mitm attack simply read recipients’ decrypted messages real time log files.
End-to-end encryption
even perfectly encrypted communication pipe secure mailbox end.major attempts increase endpoint security isolate key generation storage cryptographic operations smart card googles project vault.however since plaintext input output still visible host system malware monitor conversations real time.robust approach isolate sensitive data fully air gapped computer.pgp recommended experts purpose really trust life piece software would probably use something much less flashy — gnupg maybe running isolated computer locked basement.
End-to-end encryption
however bruce schneier points stuxnet developed us israel successfully jumped air gap reached natanz nuclear plants network iran.deal key exfiltration malware one approach split trusted computing base behind two unidirectionally connected computers prevent either insertion malware exfiltration sensitive data inserted malware.backdoors backdoor usually secret method bypassing normal authentication encryption computer system product embedded device etc.companies may also willingly unwillingly introduce backdoors software help subvert key negotiation bypass encryption altogether.information leaked edward snowden showed skype backdoor allowed microsoft hand users messages nsa despite fact messages officially endtoend encrypted.following terrorist attacks san bernardino pensacola fbi requested backdoors apples iphone software.
End-to-end encryption
company however refused create backdoor government citing concern tool could pose risk consumers privacy.compliance regulatory requirements content inspection eee offer privacy benefits make desirable consumergrade services many businesses balance benefits regulatory requirements.example many organizations subject mandates require able decrypt communication employees employees third parties.might needed archival purposes inspection data loss prevention dlp systems litigationrelated ediscovery detection malware threats data streams.reason enterprisefocused communications information protection systems might implement encryption way ensures transmissions encrypted encryption terminated internal systems onpremises cloudbased access information inspection processing.
End-to-end encryption
see also comparison instant messaging protocolscomparison voip software § secure voip software – table overview voip clients offer endtoend encryptiondiffie–hellman key exchangeendtoend auditable voting systemspointtopoint encryption references reading ermoshina ksenia musiani francesca halpin harry september .endtoend encrypted messaging protocols overview pdf.bagnoli franco et al.eds.. internet science.insci .
List of Google products
florence italy springer.pp.–.doi.. isbn .active soontobe discontinued discontinued products services tools hardware applications broken designated sections.webbased products search tools google search – web search engine googles core product.google alerts – email notification service sends alerts based chosen search terms whenever finds new results.alerts include web results google groups results news videos.google arts culture – online platform view artworks cultural artifacts.google assistant – virtual assistant.google books – website lists published books hosts large searchable selection scanned books.google dataset search – allows searching datasets data repositories local national government websites.google finance – searchable us business news opinion financial data.google flights – search engine flight tickets.google images – search engine images online.google news – automated news compilation service search engine news languages.google patents – search engine search millions patents result page including drawings claims citations.google scholar – search engine full text scholarly literature across array publishing formats scholarly fields.includes virtually peerreviewed journals.google shopping – search engine search products across online shops.google travel – trip planner service.youtube – video hosting website.advertising services google ads – online advertising platform.admob – mobile advertising network.google adsense – contextual advertising program web publishers delivers textbased advertisements relevant site content pages.google ad manager – advertisement exchange platform.google marketing platform online advertising analytics platform.google tag manager – tag management system manage javascript html tags including web beacons web tracking analytics.
List of Google products
communication publishing tools blogger – weblog publishing tool.feedburner – tool news feed management services including feed traffic analysis advertising facilities.gmail – email service.google account – controls user appears presents google products.google calendar – online calendar gmail integration calendar sharing quick add function create events using natural language.google chat – instant messaging software capability creating multiuser rooms.google charts – interactive webbased chart image generation usersupplied javascript.google collections – collections appgoogle classroom – content management system schools aids distribution grading assignments providing inclass communication.google currents – digital bulletin board.google docs editors – productivity office suite document collaboration publishing capabilities.tightly integrated google drive.google docs – document editing software.google sheets – spreadsheet editing software.google slides – presentation editing software.google drawings – diagramming software.google forms – survey software.google sites – webpage creation publication tool.google keep – notetaking service.google domains – domain registration service website publishing partners.google drive – file hosting service synchronisation option tightly integrated google docs editorsgoogle duo – video chat mobile app.google fonts – webfont hosting service.google groups – online discussion service also offers usenet access.google meet – video conferencing platform.google translate – service allows carrying machine translation text web page pairs languages.google voice – voip system provides phone number forwarded actual phone lines.maprelated products google maps – mapping service indexes streets displays satellite streetlevel imagery providing directions local business search.google maps – social custom map making tool based google maps.google maps gallery – collection data historic maps.google mars – imagery mars using google maps interface.elevation visible imagery infrared imagery shown.google moon – nasa imagery moon google maps interface.google street view – provides interactive panoramas positions along many streets world.google sky – view planets stars galaxies.google santa tracker – simulates tracking santa claus christmas eve.statistical tools google analytics – traffic statistics generator defined websites google ads integration.
List of Google products
webmasters optimize ad campaigns based statistics.analytics based urchin software.google surveys – market research tool.firebase – open creative commons attribution licensed collection structured data freebase platform accessing manipulating data via freebase api.google ngram viewer – charts yearbyyear frequencies set commadelimited strings googles text corpora.google public data explorer – public data forecasts international organizations academic institutions including world bank oecd eurostat university denvertensorflow – machine learning service simplifies designing neural networks easier visible fashiongoogle trends – graphing application web search statistics showing popularity particular search terms time.multiple terms shown once.results displayed city region language.related news stories shown.
List of Google products
google trends websites subsection shows popularity websites time.google activity report – monthly report including statistics users google usage signin third party authentication changes gmail usage calendar search history youtube.google data studio online tool converting data customizable informative reports dashboards.businessoriented products google workspace – suite web applications businesses education providers nonprofits include customizable versions several google products accessible custom domain name.services include limited gmail google contacts google calendar google docs editors google sites google meet google chat google cloud search more.google businessgoogle tables beta business workflow automation tool developer tools accelerated mobile pages amp – opensource project service accelerate content mobile devices.amp provides javascript library developers restricts use thirdparty js.google app engine – write run web applications.google developers – open source code lists api services.provided project hosting free open source software .dart – structured web programming language.flutter – mobile cross platform development tool android ios.go programming language – compiled concurrent programming language.opensocial – apis building social applications many websites.google pagespeed tools – optimize webpage performance.google web toolkit – open source java software development framework allows web developers create ajax applications java.google search console sitemap – submission analysis sitemaps protocol.gn – metabuild system generating ninja build configurations.
List of Google products
replaced gyp chromium.gerrit – code collaboration tool.googletest – testing framework c.bazel – build system.flatbuffers – serialization library.protocol buffers serialization library similar flatbuffers.shaderc tools library compiling hlsl glsl spirv.american fuzzy lop – securityoriented fuzzer.google guava – core libraries java.google closure tools – javascript tools.google colaboratory – write python code using jupyter notebook.security tools recaptcha – userdialogue system used prevent bots accessing websites.google safe browsing – blacklist service web resources contain malware phishing content.titan – security hardware chip.titan security key – uf security token.titan – used pixel smartphones starting pixel .titan c – used googlemade chromebooks pixel slate.operating systems android – linuxbased operating system mobile devices smartphones tablet computers google open handset alliance.wear os – version android designed smartwatches wearable items.android auto – version android made automobiles google.android tv – version android made smart tvs.cast os – version google cast powers google nest devices.chrome os – linuxbased operating system web applications.glass os – operating system google glass.fuchsia – operating system based zircon kernel.desktop applications adwords editor – desktop application manage google adwords account lets users make changes account advertising campaigns synchronizing online service.drive file stream – file synchronisation software works business edition google drive.google chrome – web browser.google earth – virtual globe uses satellite imagery aerial photography gis googles repository.google ime – input method editor allows users enter text one supported languages using roman keyboard.google japanese input – japanese input method editor.google pinyin – input method editor used convert pinyin characters entered westernstyle keyboards chinese characters.google toolbar – web browser toolbar features google search box popup blocker ability website owners create buttons.android studio – integrated development environment android.google web designer – wysiwyg editor making rich html pages ads intended run multiple devices.backup sync – client software synchronize files users computer google drive storage.tilt brush – painting game vive oculus rift.google trends screensaver – screensaver showing google trends customizable colorful grid macos.mobile applications hardware product families google pixel – smartphones tablets laptops earbuds accessories.google nest – smart home products including smart speakers smart displays digital media players smart doorbells smart thermostats smoke detectors wireless routers.google chromecast – digital media players.fitbit – activity trackers smartwatches.google glass – wearable computer optical headmounted display camera allows wearer interact various applications internet via natural language voice commands.stadia controller – game controller stadia.jamboard – interactive whiteboard.
List of Google products
models nexus one – .phone running android .gingerbreadnexus – phone running android .jelly beannest learning thermostat first generation – smart thermostatgalaxy nexus – .phone running android .
List of Google products
jelly beannexus q – media streaming entertainment device google nexus product familynexus – tablet running android .lollipopnexus – tablet running android .lollipopnest learning thermostat second generation – smart thermostatnexus – .phone running android .lollipopchromebook pixel — laptop running chrome osnexus – tablet running android .
List of Google products
marshmallowchromecast first generation – media streaming adapternexus – .phone running android .marshmallownest protect first generation – smoke alarmnexus – .phone running android .. nougatnexus – tablet running android .nougatnexus player – streaming media player running android .
List of Google products
oreochromebook pixel — laptop running chrome osnest cam indoor – security cameranest protect second generation – smoke alarmnest learning thermostat third generation – smart thermostatnexus x – phone running android .oreonexus p – .phone running android .oreopixel c – .convertible tablet running android .
List of Google products
oreochromecast second generation – digital media playerchromecast audio – audio streaming adapternest cam outdoor – security camerapixel – smartphone running android pixel xl – .smartphone running android daydream view first generation – virtual reality headset smartphonesgoogle home – smart speakergoogle wifi – wireless routerchromecast ultra – kcapable media streaming adapternest cam iq indoor – security cameranest thermostat e – smart thermostatnest hello – smart video doorbellnest cam iq outdoor – security cameranest × yale – smart locknest secure – security systemnest guardnest detectnest tagpixel – smartphone running android pixel xl – smartphone running android daydream view second generation – virtual reality headset smartphoneshome mini – smart speakerhome max – smart speakerpixel buds first generation – wireless earbudspixelbook – laptop running chrome ospixel – .smartphone running android pixel xl – .smartphone running android pixel slate – pc running chrome ospixel stand – wireless chargernest hub – smart displaychromecast third generation – media streaming adapterstadia controller – gaming controller stadiapixel – .smartphone running android pixel xl – smartphone running android nest hub max – smart displaypixel – .
List of Google products
smartphone running android pixel xl – .smartphone running android pixelbook go – laptop running chrome osnest mini – smart speakernest wifi – wireless routerpixel buds second generation – wireless earbudspixel – .smartphone running android pixel g – .smartphone running android pixel – smartphone running android nest audio – smart speakerchromecast google tv – media streaming adapternest thermostat – smart thermostatpixel buds aseries – wireless earbudspixel – .smartphone running android pixel – .
List of Google products
smartphone running android pixel pro – .smartphone running android processors pixel visual core pixel titan pixel pixel neural core pixel titan c pixelbook gogoogle tensor pixel services google cloud platform – modular cloudbased services software development.google crisis response – public project covers disasters turmoils emergencies alerts.google fi – mvno aimed simple plans pricing.google get business online – increase web presence small businesses cities.advice search engine optimization maintaining business owners update business profile.google public dns – publicly accessible dns server.google person finder – opensource tool helps people reconnect others aftermath disaster.google firebase – real time database provides api allows developers store sync data across multiple clients.google cast – display entertainment apps phone tablet laptop right tv speakers.google pay – digital wallet platform online payment systemstadia – video game streaming service.youtube tv – overthetop internet television service offers live tv.scheduled discontinued applications longer development scheduled discontinued future google chrome apps – applications run google web browser.chrome apps windows mac linux phased early apps chrome os remain supported maintained june .google hangouts – instant messaging service.
List of Google products
scheduled shut early .discontinued products services google retired many offerings either obsolescence integration google products lack interest.googles discontinued offerings colloquially referred google graveyard.android things – part google internet things iot.shut january .
List of Google products
angularjs – open source web application framework.shut december .google clips – miniature clipon camera device.pulled google store october .discontinued december .my maps – android app enabled users create custom maps personal use sharing mobile device.shut october users asked migrate mobile web version app.google bookmarks online bookmarking service.
List of Google products
discontinued september .tour builder – allowed users create share interactive tours inside google earth.shut july replaced new creation tools google earth.poly – service browse share download models.shut june .google expeditions virtual reality vr platform designed educational institutions.discontinued june .majority expeditions tours migrated google arts cultures.tour creator – allowed users create immersive ° guided tours expeditions app could viewed vr devices.
List of Google products
shut june .timely – android app provided alarm stopwatch timer functions synchronization across devices.timely servers shut may .google go links – url shortening service also supported custom domain customers google workspace.discontinued april .google public alerts – online notification service sent safety alerts various countries.shut march functions moved google search google maps.google crisis map – service visualized crisis weatherrelated data.shut march .
List of Google products
improvements google search maps rendered service redundant.google app maker – allowed users develop apps businesses.shut january .google cloud print – cloudbased printing solution beta since .discontinued december .google play music – googles music streaming service.discontinued december replaced youtube music google podcasts.nest guard – security system alarm keypad motion sensor embedded microphone.
List of Google products
discontinued removed google store october though continue functioning.google station – service allowed users spread wifi hotspots.shut september .hire google – applicant tracking system recruiting software.shut september .password checkup – extension warned breached thirdparty logins.shut july integrated chrome.google photos print – subscription service automatically selected best ten photos last thirty days mailed users homes.shut june.shoelace – app used find group activities others share interests.
List of Google products
shut may.neighbourly – experimental mobile app designed help learn neighborhood asking residents.shut may .fabric – modular sdk platform launched crashlytics .google acquired crashlytics announced plans migrate features firebase.shut may .material theme editor – plugin sketch app allowed create materialbased design system app.discontinued march.fiber tv – iptv service bundled google fiber.
List of Google products
discontinued february .one today – app allowed users donate different organizations discover donation would used.discontinued january.androidify – allowed users create custom android avatar.discontinued january.chromecast audio – variation secondgeneration chromecast designed use audio streaming apps.discontinued january .youtube annotations – annotations displayed videos youtube.
List of Google products
january existing annotations removed youtube.mr.jingles – googles notifications widget.discontinued march .google allo – googles instant messaging app.discontinued march .google image charts – chartmaking service provided images rendered chart data accessed rest calls.service deprecated temporarily disabled february discontinued march .goo.gl – url shortening service.
List of Google products
started turn support march discontinued march .inbox gmail – email application android ios web platform organized automated todo lists using email content.april accessing inbox subdomain redirects gmail proper.google – consumer edition googles social media platform.april users receive message stating google longer available consumer personal brand accounts.google jump – cloudbased video stitching service.discontinued june .works nest – smart home platform google brand nest.users asked migrate google assistant platform.
List of Google products
support ended august .youtube nintendo ds – official app nintendo ds.discontinued september .youtube messages – direct messages youtube – discontinued september .youtube leanback – web application control remote intended use smart tvs similar devices.discontinued october .google daydream view – googles vr headset firstgen late secondgen late discontinued made google event october .google daydream platform retired also.touring bird – travel website facilitated booking tours tickets activities top locations.service shut november .google bulletin – hyperlocal news service allowed users post news neighborhood.
List of Google products
shut november .google fusion tables – service managing visualizing data.service shut december .google translator toolkit – online computerassisted translation tool designed allow translators edit translations automatically generated google translate.shut december citing declining usage availability similar tools.google correlate – finds search patterns correspond realworld trends.shut december result low usage.google search appliance – rack mounted device used index documents.hardware sales ended initial shutdown occurred ultimately shut december .google native client naclpnacl – sandboxing technology running subset native code.
List of Google products
discontinued december .datally – lets users save mobile data – removed play store october .build chrome – initiative lego google build world using lego.discontinued march blogger web comments firefox – displays related comments blogger users.google portfolios – personal financial securities tracker.deprecated november .reached end life january .city tours – overlay maps shows interesting tours within citydashboard widgets mac mac os x dashboard widgets – suite miniapplications including gmail blogger search history.joga bonito – soccer community site.local – local listings service merged google maps.mk – u rackmounted server google radio automation system.google sold google radio automation business wideorbit inc.google music trends – music ranking songs played itunes winamp windows media player yahoo music.
List of Google products
trends generated google talks share music status feature.google personalized search – search results personalization merged google accounts web history.photos screensaver – slideshow screensaver part google pack displays images sourced hard disk rss atom web feeds.rebang google china – search trend site similar google zeitgeist.part google labs.spreadsheets – spreadsheet management application integrated writely form google docs spreadsheets.university search – search engine listing university websites.u.s.government search – search engine personalized homepage exclusively draws sites .gov tld.discontinued june .video player – view videos google video.voice search – automated voice system web search using telephone.became google voice local search integrated google mobile web site.google x – redesigned google search homepage.
List of Google products
appeared google labs disappeared following day undisclosed reasons.accessible search – search engine visually impaired.quick search box – search box based quicksilver easing access installed applications online searches.visigami – image search application screen saver searches files google images picasa flickr.wireless access – vpn client google wifi users whose equipment support wpa .x protocols.google play newsstand – news publication magazine store.replaced google news may removed google play november magazines longer available google news since january .google news weather – news publication app.merged google news may .google global market finderqpx express api – flight search apigoogle contact lens – smart contact lens project capable monitoring users glucose level tears.november verily announced discontinued project lack correlation tear glucose blood glucose.google maps engine – develop geospatial applications.
List of Google products
discontinued february .google swiffy – convert adobe flash files swf html.discontinued july .google nexus – smartphone lineup – replaced google pixel october free search – embed siteweb search users website.replaced google custom search.google hands free – retail checkout without using phone watch.pilot started bay area march discontinued february .google spaces – group discussions messaging.discontinued april .google map maker – map editor browser interface.
List of Google products
discontinued april replaced google maps google local guides.trendalyzer – data trend viewing platform.discontinued september.google code – open source code hosting.discontinued january renamed google developers.picasa – photo organization editing application.closed march replaced google photos.google compare – comparisonshopping site auto insurance credit cards mortgagesgoogle showtimes – movie showtime search engine.
List of Google products
discontinued november .mytracks – gps logging.shut april .project ara – initiative build phone interchangeable modules various components like cameras batteries suspended streamline companys seemingly disorganized product lineup.september .panoramio – geolocationoriented photo sharing website.discontinued november .googles local guides program well photo upload tools google maps rendered panoramio redundant.google feed api – download public atom rss feeds using javascript.
List of Google products
deactivated december .google moderator – rank usersubmitted questions suggestions ideas via crowdsourcing.discontinued june .wildfire google – social media marketing softwarebebapay – prepaid ticket payment system.discontinued march .google helpouts – hangoutbased live video chat experts.discontinued april .google earth enterprise – google earth enterprise use.
List of Google products
discontinued march .google earth plugin – customize google earth.discontinued december .speak tweet – telephone service created collaboration twitter saynow allowing users phone specific number leave voicemail tweet automatically posted twitter.discontinued sometime .google questions answers – communitydriven knowledge market website.discontinued december .orkut – social networking website.
List of Google products
discontinued september .googles discussion search option.discontinued july.quickoffice – productivity suite mobile devices.discontinued june merged google drive.google tv – smart tv platform based android.discontinued replaced android tv june.google offers – service offering discounts coupons.shut march .google chrome frame – plugin internet explorer allowed web pages viewed using webkit v javascript engine.
List of Google products
discontinued february .google schemer – social search find local activities.discontinued february .youtube speed.discontinued january replaced google video quality report.google notifier – alerted users new messages gmail account.discontinued january .maps gis tools google maps.google currents – magazine app.
List of Google products
merged google play newsstand november .google checkout – online payment processing service aimed simplifying process paying online purchases.discontinued november merged google wallet.igoogle – customisable homepage contain web feeds google gadgets.discontinued november .google latitude – mobile geolocation tool lets friends know users are.discontinued august functionality moved google.google reader – webbased news aggregator capable reading atom rss feeds.discontinued july .meebo – social networking website discontinued june google building maker – webbased building editing tool create buildings google earth.
List of Google products
discontinued june .google talk – instant messaging service provided text voice communication.replaced may google hangouts.sms search – mobile phone short message service.discontinued may .google cloud connect – microsoft office plugin automatically backing office documents upon saving onto google docs.discontinued april favor google drive.picnik – online photo editor.discontinued april moved google photo manager.google calendar sync – sync microsoft outlook email calendar gmail google calendar.
List of Google products
synchronization existing installations stopped august .replaced google sync synchronize outlook calendars sync email using imap pop.also google apps business education government customers use google apps sync microsoft outlook picasa web albums uploader – upload images picasa web albums service.consisted iphoto plugin standalone application.google chart api – interactive webbased chart image generator deprecated service commitment turned .google promotes javascriptbased google charts replacement backwardscompatible google chart apis http methods.google apps standard edition – discontinued december .nexus q – digital media player.