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Passport	form legal discrimination labelled xenophobic un special rapporteur.per russian visa policy holders estonian aliens passport latvian noncitizen passport entitled visa free entry russia contrast estonian latvian citizens must obtain electronic visa.andorran provisional passports children born andorra foreign residents yet resided country minimum years provided provisional passport.child reaches years old must confirm nationality government.regional subnational passports china peoples republic china prc authorises special administrative regions hong kong macau issue passports permanent residents chinese nationality one country two systems arrangement.
Passport	visa policies imposed foreign authorities hong kong macau permanent residents holding passports different holding ordinary passports peoples republic china.hong kong special administrative region passport hksar passport permits visafree access many countries ordinary prc passports.kingdom denmark three constituent countries danish realm common nationality.denmark proper member european union greenland faroe islands not.danish citizens residing greenland faroe islands choose holding danish eu passport greenlandic faroese noneu danish passport.
Passport	serbian coordination directorate passports kosovo serbian law people born otherwise legally settled kosovo considered serbian nationals entitled serbian passport.however passports issued serbian ministry interior.instead issued serbian coordination directorate.particular passports allow holder enter schengen area without visa.american samoa although american citizens also american nationals reverse true.
Passport	specified u.s.c.§ person whose connection america birth outlying possession defined u.s.c.§ american samoa swains island latter administered part american samoa descent person born acquires american nationality american citizenship.formerly case current former u.s. overseas possessions i.e.panama canal zone trust territory pacific islands.
Passport	american passport issued noncitizen nationals contains endorsement code states bearer united states national united states citizen.annotations page.noncitizen nationals may reside work america without restrictions may apply citizenship rules resident aliens.like resident aliens presently allowed u.s. state vote federal state elections.passports issued entities without sovereign territory several entities without sovereign territory issue documents described passports notably iroquois league aboriginal provisional government australia sovereign military order malta.
Passport	documents necessarily accepted entry country.details specifications criteria issuance country sets conditions issue passports.law countries passports government property may limited revoked time usually specified grounds possibly subject judicial review.many countries surrender ones passport condition granting bail lieu imprisonment pending criminal trial due flight risk.passport holders apply new passport commonly due expiration previous passport insufficient validity entry countries lack blank pages may required surrender old passport invalidation.
Passport	circumstances expired passport required surrendered invalidated example contains unexpired visa.requirements passport applicants vary significantly country country states imposing stricter measures others.example pakistan requires applicants interviewed pakistani passport granted.applying passport national id card pakistanis required sign oath declaring mirza ghulam ahmad impostor prophet ahmadis nonmuslims.contrast individuals holding british national overseas status legally entitled hold passport capacity.countries conscription national service requirements may impose restrictions passport applicants yet completed military obligations.example finland male citizens aged – years must prove completed exempt obligatory military service granted unrestricted passport otherwise passport issued valid end th year ensure return carry military service.
Passport	countries obligatory military service south korea syria similar requirements e.g.south korean passport syrian passport.validity passports limited validity usually years.many countries require passports valid minimum six months beyond planned date departure well least two four blank pages.recommended passport valid least six months departure date many airlines deny boarding passengers whose passport shorter expiry date even destination country requirement incoming visitors.cover designs passport booklets almost countries around world display national coat arms issuing country front cover.
Passport	united nations keeps record national coats arms displaying coat arms internationally recognised requirement passport.there several groups countries mutual agreement adopted common designs passportsthe european union.design layout passports member states european union result consensus recommendation rather directive.passports issued member states may consist either usual passport booklet newer passport card format.covers ordinary passport booklets burgundyred except croatia blue cover european union written national language languages.name country national coat arms word words passport bottom symbol biometric passport.
Passport	data page front back passport booklet significant design differences throughout indicate member state issuer.member states participate schengen agreement agreed epassports contain fingerprint information chip.in members ca treaty guatemala el salvador honduras nicaragua adopted commondesign passport called central american passport following design already use nicaragua el salvador since mids.features navyblue cover words américa central map central america territory issuing country highlighted gold place individual nations coats arms.bottom cover name issuing country passport type.the members andean community nations bolivia colombia ecuador peru began issue commonly designed passports .specifications common passport format outlined andean council foreign ministers meeting .
Passport	previously issued national passports valid expiry dates.andean passports bordeaux burgundyred words gold.centred national seal issuing country name regional body spanish comunidad andina.seal official name member country.bottom cover spanish word pasaporte along english passport.
Passport	venezuela issued andean passports subsequently left andean community longer issue andean passports.the union south american nations signaled intention establish common passport design appears implementation take many years.twelve member states caribbean community caricom began issuing passports common design since early .features caricom symbol along national coat arms name member state rendered caricom official language english french dutch.member states use common design antigua barbuda barbados belize dominica grenada guyana jamaica saint kitts nevis saint lucia saint vincent grenadines suriname trinidad tobago.movement organisation eastern caribbean states oecs issue common designed passport implementation caricom passport made redundant abandoned.request page passports sometimes contain message usually near front requesting passports bearer allowed pass freely requesting event need bearer granted assistance.
Passport	message sometimes made name government head state may written one language depending language policies issuing authority.languages international conference passports tickets held league nations recommended passports issued french language historically language diplomacy one language.currently icao recommends passports issued english french national language issuing country either english french.many european countries use national language along english french.some unusual language combinations arenational passports european union bear official languages european union.two three languages printed relevant points followed reference numbers point passport page translations remaining languages appear.the barbadian passport united states passport trilingual english french spanish.
Passport	united states passports english french since began printed spanish message labels late recognition puerto ricos spanishspeaking status.since data page contains photo identifying information passports issuance expiration dates personal data emergency contact page written english french spanish cover instructions pages printed solely english.on belgian passports three official languages dutch french german appear cover addition english main page.order official languages depends official residence holder.passports bosnia herzegovina three official languages bosnian serbian croatian addition english.brazilian passports contain four languages portuguese official country language spanish bordering nations english french.british passports bear english french information page welsh scottish gaelic translations extra page.cypriot passports greek turkish english.haitian passports french haitian creole.the first page libyan passport arabic only.last page first page lefttoright script viewpoint english equivalent information arabic first page righttoleft script.similar arrangements found passports arab countries.iraqi passports arabic kurdish english.macau sar passports three languages chinese portuguese english.new zealand passports english te reo māori.norwegian passports two forms norwegian language bokmål nynorsk northern sami english.sri lankan passports sinhala tamil english.swiss passports five languages german french italian romansh english.
Passport	page contains translations languages.lebanese passports three languages arabic english french.syrian passports arabic english french.limitations use passport merely identity document widely recognised international travel purposes possession passport entitle traveller enter country country issued sometimes even then.many countries normally require visitors obtain visa.country different requirements conditions grant visas visitor likely become public charge financial health family reasons holder convicted crime considered likely commit one.country recognise another dispute entry may prohibited holders passports party dispute sometimes others example visited country examples listed below.
Passport	country issues passport may also restrict validity use specified circumstances use travel certain countries political security health reasons.many nations implement border controls restricting entry people certain nationalities visited certain countries.instance georgia refuses entry holders passports issued republic china.similarly since april nationals bangladesh pakistan sudan syria yemen iran banned entering parts eastern libya control tobruk government.majority arab countries well iran malaysia ban israeli citizens however exceptional entry malaysia possible approval ministry home affairs.certain countries may also restrict entry israeli stamps visas passports.
Passport	result tension artsakh dispute azerbaijan currently forbids entry armenian citizens well individuals proof travel artsakh.between september january united states america issue new visas nationals iran north korea libya somalia syria yemen pursuant restrictions imposed trump administration subsequently repealed biden administration january .force restrictions conditional could lifted countries affected meet required security standards specified trump administration dual citizens countries could still enter presented passport nondesignated country.value one method measure value passport calculate visafree score vfs number countries allow holder passport entry general tourism without requiring visa.january strongest weakest passports follows passport issuance volumes see also animal passportidentity documentidentity theftlist passportspassport stamppet passportselfsovereign identitytravel document notes references reading advisory technical committee communications transit.replies governments enquiry application resolutions relating passports customs formalities tickets.
Passport	geneva league nations..oclc .holder iv floyd william fall .empirical analysis states monopolization legitimate means movement evaluating effects required passport use international travel m. p. a. thesis.san marcos texas state university.
Passport	oclc .docket applied research projects paper .lloyd martin .passport history mans travelled document nd ed.. canterbury queen annes fan.isbn .oclc .salter mark b. .
Passport	rights passage passport international relations.boulder co lynne rienner publishers.isbn .oclc .torpey john c. .invention passport surveillance citizenship state.
Passport	cambridge studies law society.cambridge cambridge university press.isbn .oclc .united states hunt gaillard .american passport history digest laws rulings regulations governing issuance department state.
Passport	washington govt.print.off.oclc .external links media related passports wikimedia commonsprado – council european union public register authentic travel id documents onlinehow passports work usfocused information howstuffworksinvestigation passport fraud dateline nbc december passportfree travel begin citizens nine european countries seattle times november
FileVault	later.performs onthefly encryption volumes mac computers.versions key features filevault introduced mac os x panther .could applied users home directory startup volume.operating system uses encrypted sparse disk image large single file present volume home directory.
FileVault	mac os x leopard mac os x snow leopard use modern sparse bundle disk images spread data mb files called bands within bundle.apple refers original iteration filevault legacy filevault.mac os x lion .newer offer filevault significant redesign.encrypts entire os x startup volume typically includes home directory abandoning disk image approach.approach disk encryption authorised users information loaded separate nonencrypted boot volume partitionslice type appleboot.
FileVault	filevault original version filevault added mac os x panther encrypt users home directory.master passwords recovery keys filevault enabled system invites user create master password computer.user password forgotten master password recovery key may used decrypt files instead.migration migration filevault home directories subject two limitationsthere must prior migration target computerthe target must existing user accounts.if migration assistant already used user accounts targetbefore migration filevault must disabled source.if transferring filevault data previous mac uses .using builtin utility move data new machine data continues stored old sparse image format user must turn filevault reencrypt new sparse bundle format.
FileVault	manual encryption instead using filevault encrypt users home directory using disk utility user create encrypted disk image store subset home directory example documentsprivate.encrypted image behaves similar filevault encrypted home directory users maintenance.encrypting part users home directory might problematic applications need access encrypted files available user mounts encrypted image.mitigated certain extent making symbolic links specific files.limitations issues backups limitations apply versions mac os x prior v. only.without mac os x server time machine back filevault home directory user logged out.cases time machine limited backing home directory entirety.
FileVault	using mac os x server time machine destination backups filevault home directories occur users logged in.because filevault restricts ways users processes access users content third party backup solutions back contents users filevault home directory parts computer including users home directories excluded.issues several shortcomings identified legacy filevault.security broken cracking either bit rsa desede.legacy filevault used cbc mode operation see disk encryption theory filevault uses stronger xtsaesw mode.another issue storage keys macos safe sleep mode.study published found data remanence dynamic randomaccess memory dram data retention seconds minutes room temperature much longer times memory chips cooled low temperature.
FileVault	study authors able use cold boot attack recover cryptographic keys several popular disk encryption systems including filevault taking advantage redundancy way keys stored expanded efficient use key scheduling.authors recommend computers powered rather left sleep state physical control owner.early versions filevault automatically stored users passphrase system keychain requiring user notice manually disable security hole.in following talk rd chaos communication congress titled unlocking filevault analysis apples encrypted disk storage system jacob appelbaum ralfphilipp weinmann released vilefault decrypts encrypted mac os x disk image files.a free space wipe using disk utility left large portion previously deleted file remnants intact.similarly filevault compact operations wiped small parts previously deleted data.filevault security filevault uses users login password encryption pass phrase.uses xtsaes mode aes bit blocks bit key encrypt disk recommended nist.
FileVault	unlockenabled users start unlock drive.unlocked users may also use computer shut down.performance io performance penalty using filevault found order around using cpus aes instruction set intel core os x ... performance deterioration larger cpus without instruction set older core cpus.master passwords recovery keys filevault enabled system running system creates displays recovery key computer optionally offers user store key apple.bit recovery key encoded letters numbers read devrandom therefore relies security prng used macos.
FileVault	cryptanalysis mechanism found safe.changing recovery key possible without reencrypting file vault volume.validation users use filevault os x .validate key correctly works encryption running sudo fdesetup validaterecovery terminal encryption finished.key must form xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx return true correct.starting os filevault without user account volume used startup erased encrypted clean installation os x .. .there password volumethe clean system immediately behave filevault enabled installationthere recovery key option store key apple system behave key createdwhen computer started disk password appear efiloginui – may used unlock volume start systemthe running system present traditional login window.apple describes type approach disk password—based dek.
Google Workspace	see also apple keychainbitlockertruecryptveracryptluks referencesfirst launched google apps domain rebranded g suite .google workspace consists gmail contacts calendar meet chat communication currents employee engagement drive storage google docs suite content creation.admin panel provided managing users services.depending edition google workspace may also include digital interactive whiteboard jamboard option purchase addons telephony service voice.education edition adds learning platform google classroom today name workspace education.while services individually available cost consumers use free google gmail accounts google workspace adds enterprise features custom email addresses domain e.g.
Google Workspace	yourcompany.com option unlimited drive storage additional administrative tools advanced settings well phone email support.being based googles data centers data information saved directly synchronized data centers backup purposes.unlike free consumerfacing services google workspace users see advertisements using services information data google workspace accounts get used advertisement purposes.furthermore google workspace administrators finetune security privacy settings.as april g suite million paying businesses million g suite education users.in june google announced workspace would available everyone google account giving consumers access upgraded gmail experience previously available paying subscribers.history february google started testing version service san jose city college hosting gmail accounts sjcc domain addresses admin tools account management.august google launched google apps domain set apps organizations.
Google Workspace	available free beta service included gmail google talk google calendar google page creator later replaced google sites.dave girouard googles vice president general manager enterprise outlined benefits business customers organizations let google experts delivering high quality email messaging webbased services focus needs users daytoday business.google announced edition schools known google apps education october .on february google introduced google apps premier edition differed free version offering storage gb per user apis business integration .uptime gmail phone support.cost per user account per year.
Google Workspace	according google early adopters google apps premier edition included procter gamble san francisco bay pediatrics salesforce.com.additionally editions google apps able use google documents spreadsheets users could access gmail blackberry mobile devices administrators gained application control.enhancements came june google added number features google apps including mail migration external imap servers shared address books visual overhaul google docs google sheets increased gmail attachment size.zdnet article noted google apps offered tool switching popular exchange server lotus notes positioning google alternative microsoft ibm.october month acquiring postini google announced startups email security compliance options added google apps premier edition.
Google Workspace	customers ability better configure spam virus filtering implement retention policies restore deleted messages give administrators access emails.google introduced google sites february .google sites provided simple new google apps tool creating intranets team websites.on june google launched google apps sync microsoft outlook plugin allows customers synchronize email calendar contacts data outlook google apps.less month later july google announced services included google apps—gmail google calendar google docs google talk—were beta.google opened google apps marketplace march online store thirdparty business applications integrate google apps make easier users software business cloud.participating vendors included intuit appirio atlassian.july google introduced edition governments thenknown google apps government designed meet public sectors unique policy security needs.
Google Workspace	also announced google apps become first suite cloud applications receive federal information security management act fisma certification accreditation.nearly five years launch google apps april google announced organizations users longer eligible free edition google apps.would sign paid version known google apps business.flexible billing plan also introduced giving customers option paying per user per month contractual commitment.on march google launched google vault optional electronic discovery archiving service google apps business customers.april google introduced google drive platform storing sharing files.google apps business user given gb drive storage option purchase more.
Google Workspace	later year google announced free version google apps would longer available new customers.google unified storage drive gmail may giving google apps customers gb total shared across apps.on march google launched google apps referral program offers participating individuals referral bonus new google apps user refer.google june announced drive work new google apps offering featuring unlimited file storage advanced audit reporting new security controls per user per month.google enterprise companys business product division officially renamed google work september .eric schmidt googles executive chairman said never set create traditional enterprise business—we wanted create new way work ... time come name catch ambition.google announced google apps would rebranded g suite september .october google launched first hardware product g suite jamboard inch digital whiteboard connected cloud.google announced g suite would rebranded google workspace october workspace would emphasize increased integration apps ability create docs within chats start meet call within presentation.part rebranding iconic logos gmail google drive google docs google calendar google meet products google workspace changed.
Google Workspace	new logos corresponded similar changes happened google maps google photos.logo redesigns met mixed reactions end users.on june google announced google workspace would available consumers google account along ability users fully switch google hangouts google chat rebranding rooms feature gmail spaces new google workspace individual tier progressive web app workspace applications more.on january google announced g suite legacy free edition accounts must upgraded paid tier may account automatically upgraded.user manually upgrade paid tier payment information entered account admin page account suspended starting july .free tier accounts available users sign point changed legacy status.affect access google services including youtube google photos google play paid content including youtube play store purchases.
Google Workspace	products google workspace comprises gmail chat meet calendar drive storage docs sheets slides forms sites collaboration admin panel vault managing users services.the starter plan includes email addresses custom domains yourcompany.com video voice calls calendars gb storage collaborative documents spreadsheets presentations sites controls security privacy phone email support.business plus plan enables many additional custom features including advanced admin controls drive tb storage drive audit reporting insights drive content sharing custom message retention policies more.enterpriselevel customers receive smime encryption noise cancellation meet much storage need.gmail gmail webbased email service launched limited beta release april .billion active consumer users worldwide february become popular giving users large amounts storage space threaded conversations robust search capabilities.as part google workspace gmail comes additional features designed business use includingemail addresses customers domain name yourcompany.com.
Google Workspace	guaranteed uptime zero scheduled downtime maintenancegb storage space phone email supportsynchronization compatibility microsoft outlook email providerssupport addons integrate thirdparty apps purchased google workspace marketplace gmail google drive google drive file storage synchronization service launched april .official announcement described drive place create share collaborate keep stuff.with google drive users upload type file cloud share others access computer tablet smartphone.users sync files device cloud apps microsoft windows apple macos computers android ios smartphones tablets.as part google workspace google drive comes additional features designed business use includingeither gb tb tb per user unlimited storage depending planadvanced admin controls depending planaudit reporting insights drive content sharing depending plan google docs sheets slides google docs google sheets google slides word processor spreadsheet presentation program respectively.three programs originate company acquisitions today integrated google drive part google docs suite.serve collaborative software allow users view edit documents spreadsheets presentations together realtime web browser mobile device.
Google Workspace	changes saved automatically revision history keeping track changes.also capability set user permission levels designate view comment edit document well permissions download specific document.google forms meanwhile tool allows collecting information users via personalized survey quiz.information collected automatically connected spreadsheet.spreadsheet populated survey quiz responses.in june google introduced office support google docs sheets slides without need file conversion.
Google Workspace	writing techcrunch frederic lardinois wrote google clearly positioning apps affordable solutions companies need occasionally edit office files.as part google workspace google docs slides come additional features designed business use including unlimited revision history.google workspace also garnered strong following education million users .google forms google forms survey application.forms features collaboration sharing features found docs sheets slides.also used create quizzes including specialized functions use educational settings.google sites google sites creation tool allows multiple people create edit websites without requiring coding knowledge web design skills.
Google Workspace	introduced february effort help customers quickly gather variety information one place – including videos calendars presentations attachments text – easily share viewing editing small group entire organization world.google calendar google calendar online calendar intended help keep track time schedules.launched april integrates gmail users easily add events email messages directly calendar.as part google workspace google calendar comes additional features designed business use includingsmart scheduling meetings service finds available times appropriate locations based coworkers schedulespublic calendars consumers see business upcoming eventscalendar integration google siteseasy migration exchange outlook ical .ics .csv filesability see meeting rooms shared resources available google chat google chat communication software developed google built teams provides direct messages team chat rooms similar competitors slack microsoft teams along group messaging function allows g drive content sharing google docs google sheets google slides.it one two apps constitute replacement google hangouts google meet.google planned begin retiring google hangouts october .google hangouts remains part google workspace discontinued replaced google chat google meet end .google meet google meet standardsbased video conferencing application using proprietary protocols video audio data transcoding.
Google Workspace	google partnered pexip provide interoperability google protocol standardsbased siph.protocols enable communications hangouts meet video conferencing equipment software.google currents google currents lets team members engage communicate deeper level stream featuring posts comments communities based common goals.makes easy anyone discuss share ideas matter team level location.features collections make easy group posts topic order users show know follow matters most.as part google workspace google currents comes additional features designed business use including enhanced privacy controls restricted communities.currents modified successor google shut consumers brands april .
Google Workspace	google keep google keep notetaking service variety tools notes including text lists voice images.google keep became part google workspace february part google workspace google keep comes additional features designed business use includingintegration google docs easily access keep notes docs web google vault google vault archiving electronic discovery service exclusively available google workspace customers announced march .vault gives users easytouse costeffective solution managing information critical business preserving important data google stating reduce costs litigation regulatory investigation compliance actions saving managing gmail messages chat logs ability search manage data based filters terms dates senders recipients labels.an update june let vault customers search preview copy export files google drive.jamboard october google announced jamboard first hardware product designed google workspace.jamboard digital interactive whiteboard enables collaborative meetings brainstorming.jamboard connected cloud enables people different locations work together realtime multiple jamboards connected remotely smartphone companion app.jamboard recognizes different touch inputs using stylus sketch eraser start require batteries pairing.
Google Workspace	jamboard inch k display builtin hd camera speakers wifi.google workspace marketplace google workspace marketplace formerly google apps marketplace g suite marketplace launched online store businessoriented cloud applications augment g suite functionality.marketplace lets administrators browse purchase deploy integrated cloud applications.comprises business tools productivity education communication utilities categories.in september google released blog post saying employees would able install thirdparty apps marketplace without involving administrators.functionality introduced february google cloud search enables unified search experience google workspace.
Google Workspace	cloud search lets users search information across entire g suite product lineup.users also search contacts results including persons contact details well events files common.cloud search mobile app features assist cards described google new way help find right information right time.using googles machine intelligence technology cards help prepare upcoming meeting even suggest files need attention.google states cloud search respects filesharing permissions meaning users see results files access to.
Google Workspace	initial global rollout cloud search introduced functionality g suite business enterprise customers google stating functionality added time including support thirdparty applications.introduced july hire google job applications management tool developed google used combination g suite.tool lets employers track job candidates contact information well résumés calendar invitations allows business partners share feedback candidates.job applicants choose information share potential employers.tool designed businesses based united states fewer employees integrates google services gmail sending messages google calendar tracking schedules google sheets overview candidates google hangouts initial conversations.google introduced work insights september administrators see departments using google products.
Google Workspace	august google announced would shutting hire september instead choosing focus products google cloud portfolio.security privacy google states collect scan use g suite data advertising purposes display ads g suite education government core services.furthermore states data companies schools government agencies put g suite services belong google.whether corporate intellectual property personal information homework assignment google data google sell data third parties.data stored googles data centers built customdesigned servers run operating system security performance fulltime security privacy professionals.blog post google stated benefits using g suite included disaster recovery data information simultaneously replicated two data centers one data center fails nearly instantly transfer data one thats also reflecting actions.
Google Workspace	though acknowledging backup solution us anyone else absolutely perfect google states invested lot effort help make second none.encryption specifically aes bit stronger applied data stored data centers transit data centers users data centers.at introduction june techcrunch reported google drive part g suite offers enterprisegrade security compliance including ssae isae type ii soc audit iso certification adherence safe harbor privacy principles support industryspecific requirements like health insurance portability accountability act hipaa.october google announced new business plus pricing tier workspace includes enhanced security features controls like vault advanced endpoint management full security options available enterprise editions workspace.customers april google million businesses paying g suite million g suite education users.in september amit singh thenpresident thennamed google work stated percent fortune companies paying service customers signing week.notable companies using g suite include uber allsaints buzzfeed design within reach verizon axis bank pwc.referral partner programs march google announced google apps referral program united states canada.program lets users receive money coupons incentives referring customers g suite.in december google introduced google work education partner program.
Google Workspace	program combined existing individual programs apps chrome cloud platform maps search one overall program allows partners better sell service innovate across google work education suite products platforms.geographic availability google workspace available countries regions.however google restricts access business services certain countries regions crimea cuba iran north korea syria.anyone tries sign services countries regions would get error message.reception august review pc worlds tony bradley wrote value rival platform google apps hinges compatible microsoft office formatting conventions file types praising google gone great lengths improve fidelity microsoft office hasnt gone far enough criticizing many features reformatted including tables contents footnotes inserted images.
Google Workspace	bradley praised googles collaborative apps writing besting microsoft offers office .regarding price wrote googles package best value.annual pricing per user per year makes third less per user per year office yet boasts equivalent functionality sufficient small medium organizations.gary marshall techradar commented office tries everything imaginable googles suite much basic.said much powerful package debuted emphasis simplicity speed remains.marshall wrote wouldnt want craft massive complicated manuscript google docs isnt docs designed do.
Google Workspace	fast userfriendly way create everyday documents share colleagues clients fellow service google sheets covers common excel functions ... doesnt power microsofts offering.marshall praised collaboration effortless praised importing external file formats making editable collaborative big selling point.pc magazines eric grevstad wrote whats online get adding configuring work offline rigmarole.stated package illustration softwares version rule ... percent users never need percent features.stated comparing g suite office like bringing handgun cannon fight ... microsofts pcbased suite designed almost every feature anyone might ever need googles online suite designed features people use daily.toms hardwares james gaskin wrote like google products claim cleanest minimal interface market suite except office get close ease collaboration google provides.even microsofts product trails wide margin changes appear realtime word apps.
Google Workspace	conclusively wrote progress made first google app release considerable.world moves mobile computing google distinct advantage.tradition dies hard build basic documents spreadsheets presentations remain tied desktops laptops time being.after google launched many articles published emphasized presence google helped business google search result rankings.particularly publicfacing pages buttons pushed effective marketing strategies.however writing new york times quentin hardy said sour grapes version google plus isn’t getting anything like buzz traffic facebook google figuring ways make service relevant.however hardy note integration google popular google services including hangouts meant it’s still early it’s easy see could efficient way bring workers virtual meeting collaborate embed calendar future work commitments followup result.
Google Workspace	competitors key competitor google suite microsoft office microsofts cloudbased offering businesses includes similar products.key differences pricing plans storage space number features.as noted techrepublic pricing plans differ google apps quick easy pricing plan standard google apps business package per user per month per user per year ... contrast office multitude plans six september good bad since provides flexibility also involves complexity figure best choice.storage space varies office gives users gb space outlook tb onedrive.google apps provides gb space spread among gmail drive picasa.regarding features states office advantage plenty users familiar word excel rest gang years less learning curve google apps latter represents brand new experience ... however also true office notorious loaded complex unused features cause confusion familiarity many embrace also comes something price especially companies paying advanced packages employees use.
Google Workspace	contrast google apps programs fairly easy learn intuitive may feel awkward hardcoded work office.stephen shankland cnet wrote hard compare google apps success microsoft office since google doesnt release revenue user figures.as march microsoft million commercial customers signed office product offering small business customers added office month.see also google cloud platformgoogle drive workcomparison office suitesonline office suite references reading benaroya dvir november .google workspace unlocked market subscription business software.next web.
Google Workspace	retrieved november .beswick james .getting productive google apps.san francisco ca systems.isbn .conner nancy .google apps missing manual.
Google Workspace	sebastopol pogue press.isbn .granneman scott .google apps deciphered compute cloud streamline desktop.upper saddle river nj prentice hall.isbn .meet father google apps used work microsoft external links official website usofficial website ukofficial google apps partner searchofficial google drive workofficial google apps marketplace
MultiOTP	multiotp oathcertified since version .. lgpl license.starting version ... multiotp open source also available virtual appliance standard ova file customized ova file openvmtools also hyperv downloadable file.a qr code generated automatically printing userconfiguration page.overview spyware viruses hacking technologies bugs heartbleed regularly used steal passwords.strong twofactor authentication system used stolen passwords cannot stored later used onetime password valid one authentication session fail tried second time.multiotp php class library.class used php application using php version .. higher.
MultiOTP	multiotp library provided allinone selfcontained file requires includes.strong authentication needs done hardware device instead internet application request go radius server call multiotp command line tool.implementation light enough order work limited computers raspberry pi.history version .. june basic command line tool called otpauth already written php.tool renamed multiotp version .. days later order avoid confusion another project name.version .. july completely rewritten php class command line tool became implementation class.
MultiOTP	windows operating systems command line tool exists executable file including one file source code php interpreter.version received phpclasses.org innovation award august .version .. september allowed pskc unencoded provisioning files import internal structure improved.version .. december allowed data storage mysql backend database.version .. july allowed authenticate generic account passing specific user password password field useful library used windows authentication needs specific user.version .. october version released workshop integrating strong authentication internet applications.workshop presented application security forum western switzerland yverdonlesbains switzerland.library also used validate distribute seed tokens given feitian sponsor event.participant give email address mobile phone number token serial number otp code displayed token encrypted email sent participant encryption key sent sms.version .. august added lot enhancements like clientserver feature local cache storage definition files used tokens completely new implementation mysql support including database tables creation update chap authentication addition pap authentication qrcode generation direct provisioning google authenticator fast creation user single command ...version .. september intermediate release used demonstrate concept strong authentication several forums like rump session application security forum western switzerland yverdonlesbains switzerland minutes talk studerus technology forum tefo zürich switzerland.version .. december oath certified hotp totp means full compatibility certified hardware tokens including encrypted pskc provisioning files.
MultiOTP	beta version used minutes talk passwordscon bergen norway.instructions necessary files build strong authentication server device raspberry pi nanocomputer included.selfregistration unattributed hardware tokens automatic resyncunlock authentication also added basic web interface also available.version .. january provided bug fixes better support microsoft authenticator.resyncing token using two consecutive otp didnt need pin code anymore.version .. february supported mschap mschapv protocols.version .. february added active directory ldap support order create accounts based users present particular group.version .. march provided enhanced web interface order import hardware tokens create accounts synchronize tokens unlock accounts.extended support tekradius added order send back particular informations useful mschap mschapv connections.version .. march fixed bug send back tekradius.version .. march enhanced mysql backend support added mysqli support.
MultiOTP	since version also possible define configuration file fields must encrypted not.external classes updated replaced lot new qa tests added php class command line versions.version ... april added ntkey support freeradius handling like vpn key generation.also possible import tokens based simple csv file serialnumbermanufactureralgorithmseeddigitsintervalorevent.new option userinfo also added bug fixes done too.version ... april consolidated xml handling one single library whole project.also fixed possible bug concerning tokens import based simple csv file.version ... june fixed bug sms provider aspsms.version ... november added adldap password support instead static pin only.
MultiOTP	also added yubico otp including keys import using log file provided yubico personalization tool.synchronization adldap users completely redesigned.version used .november training application security forum western switzerland yverdonlesbains switzerlandversion ... december added special cli proxy order speed raspberry pi implementation.generic ldap support added like synology every linux based implementation.
MultiOTP	otp integrated serial number also better supported pap.starting version activated prefix pin also needed using scratch password.multiotppath environment variable supported order define root multiotp specific implementation cannot detect correctly root directory multiotp.version ... december provided better ldap ad support handling fields synchronizations.multiotp project also available github.version ... june enhanced ugly parts addedadapted default values allowed use minus password enabled default autoresync option handled better resync authentication directly class enabled default server cache cleaned log information.version ... june version presented devtalks bucharest romania.version contained web gui improvements.version ... june fixed bug special characters used scratch password generation.
MultiOTP	also automatized support multiaccount synchronizing adldap.version ... july changed behavior cli called without parameter returning error code instead information .ready use virtual appliance provided standard ova format openvmtools integrated also hyperv format.version ... july added qrcode generation motp mobileotp new method implemented read data single user array.version ... october added better ssl support ability select specific ldapad attribute synchronize accounts better mschapv support better repeated password handling yubicootp private id checked ssl adldap compatibility windows r better adldap special chars support rfc new methods implement asynchronous activities data modified backend.version ... november enhanced log messages updated external packages adapted backup configuration file format order compatible commercial edition.version ... november added dialin ip address support including synchronisation active directory msradiusframedipaddress attribute enhanced token importation process binary encryption key support.version ... january enhanced adldap synchronisation process huge adldap directories using default disk caching system temporary folder.several cli commands done once.multiple groups per user supported warning devices support multiple group.default proposed totphotp generator freeotp androidios.
MultiOTP	multiple purpose tokens provisioning format pskcv supported.version ... february fixed bugs add getuserinfo method.version ... february added support base raw binary setusertokenseed settokenseed methods.restoreconfiguration method updated.version ... february added minor enhancements like trimming group names handling linux folder mode.version ... may enhanced rejection policy incrementing error counter replayed token.version ... may added postgresql support based source code provided frank van der aaversion ... june redefined linux location config devices groups tokens users folders always located etcmultiotpversion ... june fixed ssltls ldap failed connection php .xversion ... july fixed minor bugs added tls configuration methods.version ... september removed use nircmd.exe tool due false virus detectionversion ... september defined default motp generator androidios otp authenticatorversion ... november enhanced freeradius .x documentation fixed minor bugsversion ... february added expired adldap password support better unicode handling.enhancements multiotp credential provider windows done too.version ... march enhanced multiotp credential provider possible use registry entries.fix also receive otp sms link windows version ... march provided first dockerfile create full multiotp open source server dockerversion ... july enhanced adldap support huge active directory added users dn option optional otherwise base dn still used search usersversion ... august added multiple users dn separated semicolumn adldap synchronization additional synchronization debug messages new withoutfa algorithm users want prefix password without tokensversion ... august added monitoring fields information synchronization processversion ... august fixed restore process command line edition enhanced clientserver processversion ... september fixed compatibility mode windows radius server component installationversion ... november enhanced import pskc definition files binary decoding key file added support several sms provider swisscom la rest afilnet clickatell ecall nexmo nowsms smseagle custom smsversion ... january added raspberry pi b supportversion ... january added debian .x stretch supportversion ... january fixed ntp dhcp option problemversion ... january changed qrcode generation library provided new raspberry pi binary image ready used raspberry pi bbbbbversion ... march added accesschallenge supportversion ... september added generic web based sms provider definition automatic purge inexistent adldap users support debian buster .php .
New York Stock Exchange	raspberry pi bversion ... february enhanced web interface better accounts state information features windows multiotp library provided preconfigured radius server freeradius installed service.preconfigured web service based mongoose also installed service needed want use multiotp library clientserver configuration.under linux readme.txt file provided library indicates done order configure radius server web service.all necessary files instructions also provided make strong authentication device using raspberry pi nanocomputer.since version ... ready use virtual appliance provided standard ova format openvmtools integrated also hyperv format.the client strongly authenticate application device using different methodssoftware tokens like google authenticatorhardware tokens oathhotp oathtotp certified token like nagraid tokens noncertified compatible tokens like feitian c time based tokenscode sent per sms since version ..scratch passwords list since version ..yubikey proprietary yubico otp mode since version .withoutfa accounts doesnt nedd strong authentication since .standardization normalization multiotp oath certified hotp totp supports currently following algorithms rfcshotp hmacbased onetime password algorithm rfctotp timebased onetime password algorithm rfcyubico otpmotp mobileotp strong twofactor authentication mobile phonesgoogle authenticator oathhotp oathtotp base seed qrcode provisioningsms tokens using aspsms clickatell intellisms even scriptpskc additional portable symmetric key container algorithm profiles rfcchap challenge handshake authentication protocol rfcmschap microsoft ppp chap extensions rfcmschapv microsoft ppp chap extensions version rfcsyslog protocol client rfcsmtp simple mail transfer protocol rfcsmtp service extension secure smtp tls rfc scope class multiotp class provides strong authentication functionalities used different strong authentication situationsadding strong authentication order identify user avoid static passwordfixing hardware token specific place sure somebody specific time token code displayed user specific time give information displayedauthenticating user sending code sms validate automatically mobile phone number user.creating automatically strong authentication accounts users present specific group active directory ldap.several free projects use librarysince november multiotp team provides uptodate credential provider windows .r options like rdp upn name support called multiotp credential provider based multionetimepassword credential provider created last squirrel it.owncloud otp one time password app based multiotp class add strong authentication owncloud project open source dropbox alternative.fa credential provider windows another strong authentication credential provider windows login using multiotp library.the multiotp class used learning tool security demonstrations bachelor thesis see also referencesfar worlds largest stock exchange market capitalization listed companies us.trillion february .average daily trading value approximately us billion .nyse trading floor new york stock exchange building wall street broad street national historic landmark.additional trading room broad street closed february .the nyse owned intercontinental exchange american holding company also lists nyse ice.
New York Stock Exchange	previously part nyse euronext nyx formed nyses merger euronext.history earliest recorded organization securities trading new york among brokers directly dealing traced buttonwood agreement.previously securities exchange intermediated auctioneers also conducted mundane auctions commodities wheat tobacco.may twentyfour brokers signed buttonwood agreement set floor commission rate charged clients bound signers give preference signers securities sales.earliest securities traded mostly governmental securities war bonds revolutionary war first bank united states stock although bank new york stock nongovernmental security traded early days.
New York Stock Exchange	bank north america along first bank united states bank new york first shares traded new york stock exchange.in stockbrokers new york operating buttonwood agreement instituted new reforms reorganized.sending delegation philadelphia observe organization board brokers restrictions manipulative trading adopted well formal organs governance.reforming new york stock exchange board broker organization began renting space exclusively securities trading previously taking place tontine coffee house.several locations used present location adopted.the invention electrical telegraph consolidated markets new yorks market rose dominance philadelphia weathering market panics better alternatives.open board stock brokers established competitor nyse.
New York Stock Exchange	members open board stock brokers rivaled nyse membership used modern continuous trading system superior nyse’s twicedaily call sessions.open board stock brokers merged nyse .robert wright bloomberg writes merger increased nyses members well trading volume several dozen regional exchanges also competing nyse customers.buyers sellers dealers wanted complete transactions quickly cheaply technologically possible meant finding markets trading greatest liquidity today’s parlance.minimizing competition essential keep large number orders flowing merger helped nyse maintain reputation providing superior liquidity.
New York Stock Exchange	civil war greatly stimulated speculative securities trading new york.membership capped sporadically increased since.latter half nineteenth century saw rapid growth securities trading.securities trade latter nineteenth early twentieth centuries prone panics crashes.government regulation securities trading eventually seen necessary arguably dramatic changes occurring major stock market crash precipitated great depression.nyse also imposed additional rules response shareholder protection controls e.g.
New York Stock Exchange	nyse imposed rules restricting brokers voting uninstructed shares.stock exchange luncheon club situated seventh floor closure .on april nyse announced plans merge archipelago deal intended reorganize nyse publicly traded company.nyses governing board voted merge rival archipelago december became forprofit public company.began trading name nyse group march .april nyse group completed merger euronext european combined stock market thus forming nyse euronext first transatlantic stock exchange.wall street leading us money center international financial activities foremost us location conduct wholesale financial services.
New York Stock Exchange	comprises matrix wholesale financial sectors financial markets financial institutions financial industry firms robert .principal sectors securities industry commercial banking asset management insurance.prior acquisition nyse euronext ice marsh carter chairman nyse ceo duncan niederauer.currently chairman jeffrey sprecher.nyse owner intercontinental exchange inc. earned million listingsrelated revenues.notable events th century exchange closed shortly beginning world war july partially reopened november year order help war effort trading bonds completely reopened stock trading middecember.on september wall street bombing occurred outside building killing thirtyeight people injuring hundreds more.the black thursday crash exchange october selloff panic started black tuesday october often blamed precipitating great depression.
New York Stock Exchange	effort restore investor confidence exchange unveiled fifteenpoint program aimed upgrade protection investing public october .on october exchange registered national securities exchange u.s. securities exchange commission president thirtythreemember board.february nonprofit corporation formed number board members reduced twentyfive.one abbie hoffmans wellknown publicity stunts took place led members yippie movement exchanges gallery.provocateurs hurled fistfuls dollars toward trading floor below.traders booed laughed waved.three months later stock exchange enclosed gallery bulletproof glass.
New York Stock Exchange	hoffman wrote decade later didnt call press time really notion anything called media event.on october dow jones industrial average djia dropped points .loss single day secondbiggest oneday drop exchange experienced.black monday followed terrible tuesday day exchanges systems perform well people difficulty completing trades.subsequently another major drop dow october —the minicrash .crash apparently caused reaction news story .billion leveraged buyout deal ual corporation parent company united airlines broke down.
New York Stock Exchange	ual deal fell helped trigger collapse junk bond market causing dow fall .points .percent.similarly panic financial world year asian financial crisis.like fall many foreign markets dow suffered .drop value .
New York Stock Exchange	points october later became known minicrash djia recovered quickly.first time circuit breaker rule operated.st century january altercation filming music video rage machines sleep fire directed michael moore caused doors exchange closed band escorted site security members attempted gain entry exchange.in aftermath september attacks nyse closed four trading sessions resuming monday september one rare times nyse closed one session third time since march .first day nyse suffered .drop value points week dropped points.
New York Stock Exchange	estimated .trillion lost within five days trading.nyse blocks ground zero.on may dow jones industrial average posted largest intraday percentage drop since crash october point loss later called flash crash drop occurred minutes rebounding.sec cftc published report event although come conclusion cause.regulators found evidence fall caused erroneous fat finger orders.on october stock exchange shut two days due hurricane sandy.
New York Stock Exchange	last time stock exchange closed due weather full two days march .on may stock exchange fined .million securities exchange commission settle charges violated market rules.on august berkshire hathaways class shares highest priced shares nyse hit share first time.on july technical issues affected stock exchange halting trading et.nyse reassured stock traders outage result cyber breach department homeland security confirmed sign malicious activity.trading eventually resumed pm et day.on may stacey cunningham nyses chief operating officer became big boards th president succeeding thomas farley.first female leader exchanges year history.in march nyse announced plans temporarily move allelectronic trading march due covid pandemic new york city.
New York Stock Exchange	nyse reopened may .building main new york stock exchange building built broad street corners wall street exchange place designed beaux arts style george b. post.adjacent structure wall street completed designed similar style trowbridge livingston.buildings designated national historic landmark .broad street also new york city designated landmark.
New York Stock Exchange	official holidays new york stock exchange closed new years day martin luther king jr. day washingtons birthday good friday memorial day independence day labor day thanksgiving christmas.holidays occur weekend holiday observed closest weekday.addition stock exchange closes early day independence day day thanksgiving christmas eve.nyse averages trading days per year.trading new york stock exchange sometimes referred big board provides means buyers sellers trade shares stock companies registered public trading.
New York Stock Exchange	nyse open trading monday friday – pm et exception holidays declared exchange advance.the nyse trades continuous auction format traders execute stock transactions behalf investors.gather around appropriate post specialist broker employed nyse member firm heshe employee new york stock exchange acts auctioneer open outcry auction market environment bring buyers sellers together manage actual auction.occasion approximately time facilitate trades committing capital matter course disseminate information crowd helps bring buyers sellers together.auction process moved toward automation use wireless handheld computers hhc.system enabled traders receive execute orders electronically via wireless transmission.
New York Stock Exchange	september nyse member michael einersen designed developed system executed shares ibm hhc ending year process paper transactions ushering era automated trading.electronic january nyse stocks traded via electronic hybrid market except small group highpriced stocks.customers send orders immediate electronic execution route orders floor trade auction market.first three months excess order volume delivered floor electronically.nyse works us regulators sec cftc coordinate risk management measures electronic trading environment implementation mechanisms like circuit breakers liquidity replenishment points.until right directly trade shares exchange conferred upon owners seats.
New York Stock Exchange	term comes fact nyse members sat chairs trade.number seats fixed number increased several times years.number seats set .seats soughtafter commodity conferred ability directly trade stock nyse seat holders commonly referred members nyse.barnes family known lineage five generations nyse members winthrop h. barnes admitted richard w.p.
New York Stock Exchange	barnes admitted richard s. barnes admitted robert h. barnes admitted derek j. barnes admitted .seat prices varied widely years generally falling recessions rising economic expansions.expensive inflationadjusted seat sold today would six million dollars.recent times seats sold high million late low million .seat prices shot .
New York Stock Exchange	million exchange entered agreement merge archipelago became forprofit publicly traded company.seat owners received cash per seat shares newly formed corporation.nyse sells oneyear licenses trade directly exchange.licenses floor trading available license bond trading available little .neither resellable may transferable change ownership corporation holding trading license.following black monday market crash nyse imposed trading curbs reduce market volatility massive panic selloffs.
New York Stock Exchange	following rule change start trading day nyse sets three circuit breaker levels levels level level level average closing price sp preceding trading day.level level declines result minute trading halt unless occur pm trading halts apply.level decline results trading suspended remainder day.biggest oneday decline sp since .drop march .
New York Stock Exchange	nyse composite index mids nyse composite index nyse nya created base value points equal yearly close.done reflect value stocks trading exchange instead stocks included dow jones industrial average.raise profile composite index nyse set new base value points equal yearly close.close end .. timeline nyse acquires first traded securities.in constitution new york stock exchange board adopted.also established new york brokers formal organization.in name changed new york stock exchange.in new york gold exchange acquired nyse.in stock tickers first introduced.in nyse members consolidated stock exchange withdraw consolidated disagreements exchange trade areas.in dow jones industrial average djia first published wall street journal.in nyse moves new quarters broad street.in djia exceeds january .in panic .in trading bonds begins.in basis quoting trading stocks changes percent par value dollars.in bomb exploded wall street outside nyse building.
New York Stock Exchange	thirtyeight killed hundreds injured.in poors publishing introduced composite index today referred sp tracked small number companies nyse.in central quote system established black thursday october black tuesday october signal end roaring twenties bull market.in nyse names first president.in trading floor opened women men serving wwii.in third longest eightyear bull market begins.in djia surpasses peak inflationadjusted dollars.in djia closes first time march .in poors publishing merged standard statistics bureau standard poors composite index grew track companies nyse becoming known sp .in nyse begins composite index listed common stocks.referred common stock index transmitted daily.starting point index .later renamed nyse composite index.in muriel siebert becomes first female member new york stock exchange.in protesters led abbie hoffman throw mostly fake dollar bills traders gallery leading installation bulletproof glass.in securities investor protection corporation established.in nyse incorporated recognized notforprofit organization.in nasdaq founded competes nyse worlds first electronic stock market.date nasdaq secondlargest exchange world market capitalization behind nyse.in djia closes first time november .in foreign brokers admitted nyse.in new york futures exchange established.in black monday october sees secondlargest oneday djia percentage drop .
New York Stock Exchange	points history.in membership nyse reaches record price .million.in september seven members actup aids coalition unleash power entered nyse protested chaining balcony overlooking trading floor unfurling banner sell welcome reference drug manufacturer burroughs wellcome.following protest burroughs wellcome reduced price azt drug used people living hiv aids .in longest tenyear bull market begins.in djia exceeds .in djia exceeds .in realtime ticker introduced.in october selloff asias stock markets hurts u.s. markets well djia sees largest oneday point drop .history.in djia exceeds march .in djia peaks .january first nyse global index launched ticker nyiid.
New York Stock Exchange	trading fractions n⁄ ends replaced decimals increments .see decimalization september attacks occur causing nyse close four sessions.in nyse composite index relaunched value set equal points.in nyse arcaex merge creating nyse arca forming publicly owned forprofit nyse group inc. turn nyse group merges euronext creating first transatlantic stock exchange group djia tops october .in us president george w. bush shows unannounced floor hour half federal open market committee interestrate decision january nyse announces merger american stock exchange nyse composite closes june djia exceeds july closes peak .october .in djia loses points september amid fears bank failures resulting permanent prohibition naked short selling threeweek temporary ban short selling financial stocks spite record volatility continues next two months culminating ⁄year market lows.in second longest current bull market begins march djia closes .reaching year low djia returns .october .in djia closes highs march djia closes end year.in djia closes july december .in djia achieved alltime high .
New York Stock Exchange	may .in djia dropped points .soon open august bouncing back closing .drop points.in djia hits alltime high ..in djia reaches first time january .in djia reaches first time january .february djia dropped points making largest point drop history.in nyse temporarily transitioned electronic trading due covid pandemic.merger acquisition control october nyse euronext completed acquisition american stock exchange amex million stock.on february nyse deutsche börse announced merger form new company yet unnamed wherein deutsche börse shareholders would ownership new entity nyse euronext shareholders would .on february european commission blocked merger nyse deutsche börse commissioner joaquín almunia stated merger would led nearmonopoly european financial derivatives worldwide.
New York Stock Exchange	instead deutsche börse nyse would sell either eurex derivatives liffe shares order create monopoly.february nyse euronext deutsche börse agreed scrap merger.in april intercontinental exchange ice american futures exchange nasdaq omx group together made unsolicited proposal buy nyse euronext approximately us deal nasdaq would taken control stock exchanges.nyse euronext rejected offer twice finally terminated united states department justice indicated intention block deal due antitrust concerns.in december ice proposed buy nyse euronext stock swap valuation billion.nyse euronext shareholders would receive either .cash .
New York Stock Exchange	cash approximately sixth share ice.jeffrey sprecher chairman ceo ice retain positions four members nyse board directors added ice board.opening closing bells nyses opening closing bells mark beginning end trading day.opening bell rung et mark start days trading session.pm et closing bell rung trading day stops.
New York Stock Exchange	bells located four main sections nyse ring time button pressed.three buttons control bells located control panel behind podium overlooks trading floor.main bell rung beginning end trading day controlled green button.second button colored orange activates singlestroke bell used signal moment silence.third red button controls backup bell used case main bell fails ring.
New York Stock Exchange	history signal start stop trading always bell.original signal gavel still use today along bell late nyse decided switch gavel gong signal days beginning end.nyse changed present location broad street gong switched bell format currently used.a common sight today highly publicized events celebrity executive corporation stands behind nyse podium pushes button signals bells ring.due amount coverage openingclosing bells receive many companies coordinate new product launches marketingrelated events start day companys representatives ring bell.nyse began special guests ring bells regular basis prior ringing bells usually responsibility exchanges floor managers.
New York Stock Exchange	notable bellringers many people ring bell business executives whose companies trade exchange.however also many famous people outside world business rung bell.athletes joe dimaggio new york yankees olympic swimming champion michael phelps entertainers rapper snoop dogg members espn’s college gameday crew singer actress liza minnelli members band kiss politicians mayor new york city rudy giuliani president south africa nelson mandela honor ringing bell.two united nations secretaries general also rung bell.april secretarygeneral kofi annan rang opening bell launch united nations principles responsible investment.
H2 (DBMS)	july secretarygeneral ban kimoon rang closing bell celebrate nyse joining united nations sustainable stock exchanges initiative.in addition many bellringers famous heroic deeds members new york police fire departments following events members united states armed forces serving overseas participants various charitable organizations.there also several fictional characters rung bell including mickey mouse pink panther mr. potato head aflac duck gene emoji movie darth vader.see also aftermath september attackseconomy new york cityeconomy united stateslist american exchangeslist stock exchange mergers americaslist presidents new york stock exchangelist stock exchange trading hoursrule series examtrading dayu.s.securities exchange commissionlist stock exchanges americas references citations sources external links official websiteembedded java applications run clientserver mode.the software available open source software mozilla public license .original eclipse public license.history development h database engine started may first published december .database engine written thomas mueller.also developed java database engine hypersonic sql.
H2 (DBMS)	hypersonic sql project stopped hsqldb group formed continue work hypersonic sql code.name h stands hypersonic however h share code hypersonic sql hsqldb.h built scratch.main features use sql subset sql structured query language standard supported.main programming apis sql jdbc however database also supports using postgresql odbc driver acting like postgresql server.

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