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Business continuity planning
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british standards bsi group british standards institution bsi released series standards bs peripherally addressed information security procedures.withdrawn bcp — bs business continuity management.code practice withdrawn bs specification business continuity management specifies requirements implementing operating improving documented business continuity management system bcms.withdrawn bs specifically align computer continuity business continuity.withdrawn march standards withdrawn replaced iso standards above.
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Business continuity planning
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within uk bs bs used business continuity management across organizations industries sectors.documents give practical plan deal eventualities—from extreme weather conditions terrorism system failure staff sickness.itil defined terms.civil contingencies act following crises preceding years uk government passed civil contingencies act businesses must continuity planning measures survive continue thrive whilst working towards keeping incident minimal possible.the act separated two parts part civil protection covering roles responsibilities local responderspart emergency powers australia new zealand united kingdom australia incorporated resilience continuity planning.united kingdom resilience implemented locally local resilience forum.in new zealand canterbury university resilient organizations programme developed assessment tool benchmarking resilience organizations.covers categories questions.
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Business continuity planning
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resilience ratio summarizes evaluation.implementation testing implementation phase involves policy changes material acquisitions staffing testing.testing organizational acceptance book exercising excellence published british standards institution identified three types exercises employed testing business continuity plans.tabletop exercises small number people concentrate specific aspect bcp.another form involves single representative several teams.medium exercises several departments teams disciplines concentrate multiple bcp aspects scope range teams one building multiple teams operating across dispersed locations.prescripted surprises added.complex exercises aspects medium exercise remain maximum realism nonotice activation actual evacuation actual invocation disaster recovery site added.while start stop times preagreed actual duration might unknown events allowed run course.
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Business continuity planning
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maintenance biannual annual maintenance cycle maintenance bcp manual broken three periodic activities.confirmation information manual roll staff awareness specific training critical individuals.testing verification technical solutions established recovery operations.testing verification organization recovery procedures.issues found testing phase often must reintroduced analysis phase.informationtargets bcp manual must evolve organization maintain information know series checklistsjob descriptions skillsets needed training requirementsdocumentation document managementdefinitions terminology facilitate timely communication disaster recoverydistribution lists staff important clients vendorssuppliersinformation communication transportation infrastructure roads bridges technical specialized technical resources must maintained.checks includevirus definition distributionapplication security service patch distributionhardware operabilityapplication operabilitydata verificationdata application testing verification recovery procedures software work process changes must documented validated including verification documented work process recovery tasks supporting disaster recovery infrastructure allow staff recover within predetermined recovery time objective.see also references reading united states bibliography business continuity planning fema retrieved june continuity operations planning date.u.s. department homeland security.
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Business continuity planning
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retrieved july .purpose standard checklist criteria business recovery date.federal emergency management agency.retrieved july .nfpa standard disasteremergency management business continuity programs .national fire protection association.united states general accounting office yk bcp guide august .united states government accountability office.spc.
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Business continuity planning
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organizational resilience security preparedness continuity management systems—requirements guidance use approved american national standards institute international organization standardization iso security resilience vocabularyiso security resilience – business continuity management systems – requirementsiso security resilience business continuity management systems guidance use iso isots societal security – business continuity management systems – guidelines business impact analysis biaisopas guideline incident preparedness operational continuity management withdrawnisoiec guidelines information communications technology disaster recovery servicesisoiec formerly bs information technology — security techniques — information security management systems — requirementsisoiec information technology — security techniques — code practice information security controlsisoiec information technology – security techniques – guidelines information communication technology readiness business continuityiwa emergency preparedness withdrawn british standards institution bs business continuity management part code practice superseded withdrawnbs business continuity management part specification superseded withdrawn australia standards hb practitioners guide business continuity managementhb executive guide business continuity management others james c. barnes .guide business continuity planning.isbn .kenneth l fulmer .business continuity planning stepbystep guide.isbn .richard kepenach.
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Business continuity planning
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business continuity plan design steps getting started designing plan.judy bell october .disaster survival planning practical guide businesses.isbn .dimattia s. november .planning continuity.library journal.
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Business continuity planning
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–.andrew zolli ann marie healy .resilience things bounce back.simon schuster.isbn .international glossary resilience dri international.external links tiers disaster recovery tsm.
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Business continuity planning
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charlotte brooks matthew bedernjak igor juran john merryman.disaster recovery strategies tivoli storage management.chapter .pages –.red books series.
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Business continuity planning
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ibm.tivoli software..steelstore cloud storage gateway disaster recovery best practices guide.riverbed technology inc. october .disaster recovery levels.robert kern victor peltz.
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Business continuity planning
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ibm systems magazine.november .business continuity tiers disaster recovery.archived wayback machine recovery specialties..continuous operations seven tiers disaster recovery.mary hall.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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storage community ibm.july .retrieved march .refmaximum tolerable period disruption mtpodmaximum tolerable period disruption mtpod bsi committee responsewayback machinejanco associatesdepartment homeland security emergency plan guidelinescidrapshrm pandemic hr guide toolkitadapt respond risks business continuity plan bcpoverview often used together terms business continuity disaster recovery different.business continuity refers ability business continue critical functions business processes occurrence disaster whereas disaster recovery refers specifically information technology datacentric functions business subset business continuity.metrics primary objective protect organization event part operations andor computer services rendered partially completely unusable.minimizing downtime data loss disaster recovery measured terms two concepts recovery time objective rto time system completely runningrecovery point objective rpo measure ability recover files specifying point time restore backup copy.auditors role auditor examines assesses procedures stated bcp dr plan actually consistent real practicea specific individual within organization may referred disaster recovery officer disaster recovery liaison dr coordinator similar title technical skills training experience abilities analyze capabilities team members complete assigned tasksmore one individual trained capable particular function disaster recovery exercise.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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tests inquiries personnel help achieve objective.documentation maximize effectiveness disaster recovery plans effective updated frequently shouldbe integral part business analysis processesbe revisited every major corporate acquisition every new product launch every new system development milestone.adequate records need retained organization.auditor examines records billings contracts verify records kept.one record current list organizations hardware software vendors.list made periodically updated reflect changing business practice.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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copies stored site made available accessible require them.auditor tests procedures used meet objective determine effectiveness.disaster recovery plan disaster recovery plan drp documented process set procedures execute organizations disaster recovery processes recover protect business infrastructure event disaster.comprehensive statement consistent actions taken disaster.disaster could natural environmental manmade.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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manmade disasters could intentional example act terrorist unintentional accidental breakage manmade dam.types plans although onesizefitsall plan three basic strategiesprevention including proper backups surge protectors generatorsdetection byproduct routine inspections may discover new potential threatscorrectionthe latter may include securing proper insurance policies holding lessons learned brainstorming session.relationship business continuity plan disaster recovery subset business continuity.drp encompasses policies tools procedures enable recovery data following catastrophic event business continuity planning bcp involves keeping aspects business functioning regardless potential disruptive events.business continuity plan comprehensive organizational strategy includes drp well threat prevention detection recovery resumption operations data breach disaster event occur.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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therefore bcp consists five component plansbusiness resumption planoccupant emergency plancontinuity operations planincident management plandisaster recovery planthe first three components business resumption occupant emergency continuity operations plans deal infrastructure.incident management plan imp deal infrastructure since establishes structure procedures address cyber attacks organization’s systems generally represent agent activating disaster recovery plan leaving disaster recovery plan bcp component interest it.benefits like every insurance plan benefits obtained proper planning includingminimizing risk delaysguaranteeing reliability standby systemsproviding standard testing planminimizing decisionmaking disasterreducing potential legal liabilitieslowering unnecessarily stressful work environment planning testing methodology according geoffrey h. wold disaster recovery journal entire process involved developing disaster recovery plan consists stepsperforming risk assessment planning committee prepares risk analysis business impact analysis bia includes range possible disasters.functional area organization analyzed determine potential consequences.traditionally fire posed greatest threat.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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thorough plan provides worst case situations destruction main building.establishing priorities processing operations critical needs department evaluated prioritized.written agreements alternatives selected prepared details specifying duration termination conditions system testing cost special security procedures procedure notification system changes hours operation specific hardware equipment required processing personnel requirements definition circumstances constituting emergency process negotiate service extensions guarantee compatibility availability nonmainframe resource requirements priorities contractual issues.collecting data includes various lists employee backup position listing critical telephone numbers list master call list master vendor list notification checklist inventories communications equipment documentation office equipment forms insurance policies workgroup data center computer hardware microcomputer hardware software office supply offsite storage location equipment telephones etc.distribution register software data files backupretention schedules temporary location specifications lists materials inventories documentation.preformatted forms often used facilitate data gathering process.organizing documenting written plandeveloping testing criteria procedures reasons testing includedetermining feasibility compatibility backup facilities procedures.identifying areas plan need modification.providing training team managers team members.demonstrating ability organization recover.providing motivation maintaining updating disaster recovery plan.testing plan initial dry run plan performed conducting structured walkthrough test.actual testrun must performed.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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problems corrected.initial testing plan done sections normal business hours minimize disruptions.subsequent tests occur normal business hours.types tests include checklist tests simulation tests parallel tests full interruption tests.caveatscontroversies due high cost various plans without critics.dell identified five common mistakes organizations often make related bcpdr planninglack buyin executive management sees dr planning another fake earthquake drill ceos fail make dr planning preparation priorityincomplete rtos rpos failure include every important business process block data.ripples extend disasters impact.payroll may initially missioncritical left alone several days become important initial problems.systems myopia third point failure involves focusing dr without considering larger business continuity needs.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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corporate office space lost disaster result instant pool teleworkers turn overload companys vpn overnight overwork support staff blink eye cause serious bottlenecks monopolies dialin pbx system.lax security disaster organizations data business processes become vulnerable.security important raw speed involved disaster recovery plans rto.critical consideration becomes securing new data pipelines new vpns connection offsite backup services.in disasters planning postmortem forensicslocking remotely wiping lost handheld devices decisions strategies site designation hot site vs. cold site.hot site fully equipped resume operations cold site capability.warm site capability resume operations.a costbenefit analysis needed.occasional tests trials verify viability effectiveness plan.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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auditor looks probability operations organization sustained level assumed plan ability entity actually establish operations site.the auditor verify paper paperless documentation actual physical observation.security storage site also confirmed.data backup audit backup processes determines effective b actually implemented involved personnel.the disaster recovery plan also includes information best recover data copied.controls protections put place ensure data damaged altered destroyed process.drills practice drills conducted periodically determine effective plan determine changes may necessary.auditor’s primary concern verifying drills conducted properly problems uncovered drills addressed.backup key personnel including periodic training crosstraining.considerations insurance issues auditor determines adequacy companys insurance coverage particularly property casualty insurance review companys insurance policies research.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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among items auditor needs verify scope policy including stated exclusions amount coverage sufficient cover organization’s needs policy current force.auditor also ascertains review ratings assigned independent rating agencies insurance company companies providing coverage financial viability cover losses event disaster.effective dr plans take account extent companys responsibilities entities ability fulfill commitments despite major disaster.good dr audit include review existing moa contracts ensure organizations legal liability lack performance event disaster unusual circumstance minimized.agreements pertaining establishing support assisting recovery entity also outlined.techniques used evaluating area include examination reasonableness plan determination whether plan takes factors account verification contracts agreements reasonableness documentation outside research.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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communication issues auditor must verify planning ensures management recovery team effective communication hardware contact information internal communication external issues business partners key customers.audit techniques include testing procedures interviewing employees making comparison plans company industry standardsexamining company manuals written procedures.direct observation emergency telephone numbers listed easily accessible event disaster.emergency procedures procedures sustain staff roundthe clock disaster recovery effort included good disaster recovery plan.procedures stocking food water capabilities administering cprfirst aid dealing family emergencies clearly written tested.generally accomplished company good training programs clear definition job responsibilities.
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Disaster recovery and business continuity auditing
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review readiness capacity plan often includes tasks inquires personnel direct physical observation examination training records certifications.environmental issues auditor must review procedures take account possibility power failures situations nonit nature.flashlights candles may needed.safety procedures case gas leaks fires phenomena see also backup rotation schemeinformation technology auditcomparison backup softwarecomparison online backup servicesvulnerability computing references messier jr. w. f. .auditing assurance services systematic approach th ed.. new york mcgrawhillirwin.isbn .gallegos f. senft s. davis a. l. .
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CloudEndure
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information technology control audit th ed.. boca raton fl auerbach publications.isbn .institutes initial vision enable individual members obtain guidance support fellow business continuity practitioners.the bci around members countries worldwide.in david thorp replaced lorraine darke executive director spent years role.the bci publishes regular supply chain resilience report dealing supply chain risk management.see also british cyber security community references external links official websitebizop websitecloudendure headquartered united states rd israel.history cloudendure founded ofer gadish ceo gil shai cro ofir ehrlich vp rd leonid feinberg vp product.founders previously established acceloweb acquired limelight networks .cloudendure raised total .million private investors companies dell emc vmware mitsui infosys magma venture partners.awards cloudendure include crn emerging vendors award storage startups gartner cool vendor award.cloudendure products integrated oem software several partner company services including integration google cloud vm migration service integrations cisco systems cloudcenter disaster recovery migration sungard availability services cloud recovery.amazon made offer purchase cloudendure january .million negotiated price.
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Dynamic infrastructure
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outbid google acquired company january .products cloudendure disaster recovery performs continuous blocklevel replication saves dormant copy target infrastructure uses smaller percentage compute storage memory primary site leads minimal rtos recovery time objective rpos recovery point objective spun disaster.the company offers two tiers disaster recovery well continuous backup live migration products.cloudendures software service saas applicationagnostic replicate workloads physical virtual cloudbased infrastructure variety target sites including amazon web services aws google cloud platform gcp microsoft azure vmware.patents licensing cloudendure ltd. holds pending seven us patents includinga.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method maintaining copy cloudbased computing environment restoration.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method asynchronous replication storage computing environment.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method name resolution replicated components computing environments.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method orchestrating replicated components replicated cloudbased computing environment.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method restoring original machines replicated machines secondary computing environment.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link synchronization order access instructions primary computing environment replicated computing environment.a.cite web cs maint urlstatus link system method disk identification cloudbased computing environment.see also disaster recoverydisaster recovery plan drpbusiness continuityrecovery time objective rtorecovery point objective rpocontinuous data protection referenceshuman resources organizational domain including implies need determine level resilience system ability recover event build system resists external internal events able recover event without losing external performance management capability.organizational continuity achieved specific corporate planning.material domain determines need adopt redundant systems performance monitoring systems even imply practice cannibalize remove serviceable assemblies subassemblies components repairable serviceable item equipment order install another order keep external system performance active.operational continuity may referred single systems single individuals teams entire complex systems infrastructures implying ability organization system continue provide mission.see also business continuitydisaster responseemergency management references external links national institute science technology nist special publication contingency planning guide information technology systemsthe professional practices business continuity management disaster recovery institute international dri .words data center assets storage processing power provisioned made available meet surges users needs.concept also referred infrastructure .next generation data center.concept basic premise dynamic infrastructures leverage pooled resources provide flexible capacity enabling allocation resources line demand business processes.achieved using server virtualization technology pool computing resources wherever possible allocating resources ondemand using automated tools.
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Dynamic infrastructure
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allows load balancing efficient approach keeping massive computing resources reserve run tasks take place example month otherwise underutilized.dynamic infrastructures may also used provide security data protection workloads moved migrations provisioning enhancing performance building colocation facilities.dynamic infrastructures promoted enhance performance scalability system availability uptime increasing server utilization ability perform routine maintenance either physical virtual systems minimizing interruption business operations reducing cost it.dynamic infrastructures also provide fundamental business continuity high availability requirements facilitate cloud grid computing.for networking companies infrastructure .refers ability networks keep movement scale requirements new enterprise initiatives especially virtualization cloud computing.according companies like cisco f networks infoblox network automation connectivity intelligence networks applications endpoints required reap full benefits virtualization many types cloud computing.require network management infrastructure consolidated enabling higher levels dynamic control connectivity networks systems endpoints.early examples serverlevel dynamic infrastructures flexframe sap flexframe oracle introduced fujitsu siemens computers fujitsu .
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Dynamic infrastructure
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flexframe approach dynamically assign servers applications demand leveling peaks enabling organizations maximize benefit investments.benefits dynamic infrastructures take advantage intelligence gained across network.design every dynamic infrastructure serviceoriented focused supporting enabling end users highly responsive way.utilize alternative sourcing approaches like cloud computing deliver new services agility speed.global organizations already foundation dynamic infrastructure bring together business infrastructure create new possibilities.exampletransportation companies optimize vehicles routes leveraging gps traffic information.facilities organizations secure access locations track movement assets leveraging rfid technology.production environments monitor manage presses valves assembly equipment embedded electronics.technology systems optimized energy efficiency managing spikes demand ensuring disaster recovery readiness.communications companies better monitor usage location user function optimize routing enhance user experience.utility companies reduce energy usage smart grid.virtualized applications reduce cost testing packaging supporting application reduced overall tco model.– source gartner – tco traditional software distribution vs. application virtualization michael silver terrence cosgrove mark margevicious brian gammage april green issues primary driver current data center outsourcing hosting initiatives cost reductions initiatives driver time aligned well green goals.
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SIOS Technology Corp.
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combining two means least data center outsourcing hosting initiatives driven green.– source gartner – green services catalyst cost optimization.kurt potter december midsize organizations large enterprises implement layered recovery architectures.– source gartner – predicts business continuity management juggles standardization cost outsourcing risk.roberta j witty john p morency dave russell donna scott rober desisto january vendors vendors promoting dynamic infrastructures include ibm microsoft sun fujitsu hp dell bright computing.see also converged infrastructureplatform virtualizationprovisioningdata migrationwan optimizationdata centerbusiness continuitydisaster recoverycloud computinggrid computingutility computing referencessince company providing high availability clustering software.sios technology inc. based tokyo japan created sios technology corp. expanded business assisting large enterprises adopting open cloud computing technology.sios technology inc. acquired steeleye technology .history sios technology inc. founded may japan led development open source software web application software.given open source software experience company pushed early adoption linux products japan.sios technology inc. provides san sanless software products protect applications downtime data loss combination physical virtual cloud.
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SIOS Technology Corp.
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addition steeleye technology acquisition sios technology inc. acquired gluegent web application development company.steeleye technology founded december jim fitzgerald sue ellery jim mason.company acquired lifekeeper highavailability clustering software ncr corporation year began targeting fledgling linux server community product january .att’s bell labs created lifekeeper platform mid highavailability atts star unix servers operated telecom company’s phone switching technology.ncr took control lifekeeper portfolio att spun company .the business focuses software products provide high availability disaster protection business critical applications.in company introduced lifekeeper windows .company announced datakeeper data replication.company expanded presence virtual environments introduction business continuity vmware citrix microsoft’s hyperv .in sios introduced machinelearning based operations analytics platform vmware environments.sios iq recognized vmworld trade show.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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sios iq also named silver winner innovative product enterprise category best biz awards independent business awards program judged members press industry analysts.in december sios partnered vstecs holdings ltd. technology product supply chain services platform asiapacific apac region.partnership enables vstecs provide comprehensive professional services sanless high availability clustering software aws customers throughout apac.see also virtual machinebusiness continuitydisaster recoveryit operations analytics references external links clustering mere mortals bloggoogle finance siosus sios websitesios apac multilanguage portallinux clustering blogsppd specifies certain requirements continuity plan development including requirement federal executive branch departments agencies develop integrated overlapping continuity capability supports eight national essential functions nefs described document.the federal emergency management agency provides guidance private sector business continuity planning purposes.continuity plan essential help identify critical functions develop preventative measures continue functions disruption occur.history continuity operations plan continuity government plan part u.s. government operations since president dwight d. eisenhower provided via executive order various measures designed ensure government united states would able continue operating nuclear war.these measures included construction underground facilities mount weather putatively nuclearweaponproof facility hollowedout mountain northeastern virginia raven rock mountain complex near camp david maryland.public tour one facility intended house entire united states congress grounds greenbrier resort white sulphur springs west virginia.see also project greek island.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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provisions plans included executive orders designating certain government officials assume cabinet executivebranch positions carry responsibilities position primary officeholders killed.there formal line succession presidency since currently found presidential succession act u.s.c.§ .runs vice president speaker house representatives president pro tempore senate cabinet secretaries sequence specified congress.continuity government plans limited federal government.majority states constitutional provisions provide succession government event enemy attack.continuity operations plan activated george w. bush administration put continuity operations plan effect first time directly following september attacks.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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implementation involved rotating staff senior officials government workers every federal executive department parts executive branch two secure bunkers east coast.friends family coworkers able reach tollfree number personal extensions.bush administration acknowledge implementation cog plan march .in larry sabato professor university virginia criticized incomplete nature plan book perfect constitution.particular objected fact constitutional procedure replacing u.s. house members case largescale disaster could potentially kill large number representatives.regard continuity operations plan sabato said failed outright september attacks.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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lack congressional oversight july rep. peter defazio dor member u.s. house committee homeland security time requested classified detailed version governments continuityofoperations plan letter signed chairperson house homeland security committee supposed access confidential government information.the president refused provide information surprise congressional committee.august efforts committee secure copy plan continued.documents document named italics supersedes previously published document.the federal continuity directive fcd directive released department homeland security dhs provides doctrine guidance federal organizations developing continuity program plans capabilities.fcd also serves guidance state local tribal governments.the federal continuity directive fcd june directive assist federal executive branch organizations identifying mission essential functions mefs candidate primary mission essential functions pmefs.the dhs together federal emergency management agency fema coordination nonfederal partners july developed continuity guidance circular cgc cgc .the preamble cgc states function provide direction nonfederal governments nfgs developing continuity plans programs.continuity planning facilitates performance essential functions allhazards emergencies situations may disrupt normal operations.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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continuing performance essential functions catastrophic emergency state territorial tribal local governments private sector support ability federal government perform national essential functions nefs.cgc parallels information fcd closely geared states territories tribal local governments privatesector organizations.the purpose continuity guidance circular cgc provide nonfederal governments nfgs guidance implement cgc annex essential functions.provides guidance methodology checklists identify assess validate essential functions.cgc includes guidance conducting continuity business process analysis bpa business impact analysis bia risk assessment identify essential function relationships interdependencies time sensitivities threats vulnerabilities mitigation strategies.truman administration national security act july eisenhower administration eisenhower ten march carter administration executive order federal emergency management july reagan administration unknown contingency plan believe rex publicly mentioned irancontra hearings .transcripts hearing new york times record following dialogue congressman jack brooks oliver norths attorney brendan sullivan senator daniel inouye democratic chair committeecongressman jack brooks colonel north work n.s.c.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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assigned one time work plans continuity government event major disasterbrendan sullivan norths counsel agitatedly mr. chairmansenator daniel inouye believe question touches upon highly sensitive classified area may request touch upon thatbrooks particularly concerned mr. chairman read miami papers several others plan developed agency contingency plan event emergency would suspend american constitution.deeply concerned wondered area worked.believe wanted get confirmation.inouye may respectfully request matter touched upon stage.wish get im sure certain arrangements made executive session.executive order assignment emergency preparedness responsibilities november section head federal department agency shall ensure continuity essential functions national security emergency providing succession office emergency delegation authority accordance applicable law safekeeping essential resources facilities records establishment emergency operating capabilities.executive order assignment national security emergency preparedness telecommunications functions april nsd nsdd enduring national leadership september george h. w. bush administration pdd national security directive enduring constitutional government june fpc federal preparedness circular emergency succession key positions federal departments agencies august fpc federal preparedness circular delegation authorities emergency situations august federal preparedness circular continuity executive branch federal government headquarters level national security emergencies november nsd national security directive enduring constitutional government april clinton administration federal preparedness circular federal executive branch continuity operations coop july federal response plan fema .pl april presidential decision directive enduring constitutional government continuity government operations october code federal regulations occupant emergency program revised july code federal regulations management vital records revised july presidential decision directive critical infrastructure protection cip may presidential decision directive protection unconventional threats homeland americans overseas may fpc federal response planning guidance continuity operations coop december george w. bush administration nspd national security presidential directive national continuity policy may supersedes presidential decision directive also known hspd homeland security presidential directive hardware facilities continuity operations plan involves numerous bunkers special airplanes communication systems.much information classified however information various systems released government described public reporters writers.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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since many details classified public information may incorrect.also subject change without public notice list may reflect current plans.facilities cold war united states constructed bunkers help provide survivability military command government officials.decommissioned since cold war.ones still considered operation listed here.the united states congress formerly housed greenbrier bunker since discovered early new location congressional bunker unknown.cheyenne mountain complex underground facility former home norad.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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becoming fully operational april located colorado springs colorado.currently military goal placing operations center warm standby meaning facility maintained ready use short notice necessary used daily basis.event emergency deemed serious enough norad usnorthcom would use bunker cistar command control americas military.site r raven rock near waynesboro pennsylvania site r emergency home pentagon.vice president cheney reported stayed september attacks.mount weather mount weather emergency operations center government facility located near bluemont virginia.houses operations training facilities ground federal emergency management agency fema contains underground facility designed house key components american government case nuclear war.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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airplanes air force one radio call sign air force plane president united states travels on.however term typically refers boeing vca president normally uses.vca equipped numerous systems ensure survival emergency recommended president use national airborne operations center.national airborne operations center codenamed nightwatch boeing e specially built serve survivable mobile command post national command authority nca.either president secretary defense may use it.also possible president would authorize vice president others use depending circumstances.looking glass united states strategic commands airborne command post designed take case north american aerospace defense commands cheyenne mountain directorate destroyed incapable communicating strategic forces.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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beginning february air force looking glass aircraft air times hours day days year.july looking glass ceased continuous airborne alert remained ground airborne alert hours day.october u.s. navy replaced u.s. air force duty.addition battle staff flies tacamo crew.ships two national emergency command posts afloat wereuss northampton converted command ship cc .uss wright converted command ship cc included national military command system.these vessels decommissioned .
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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communication defense communication agency tasked maintaining active backup communications event could disrupt communications management command control communications systems national communications system.mission partially transferred defense information systems agency charge supporting command control communications information systems military would support national command authority.functions later transferred joint forces command stratcom backup contingency systems continue operate.assumed various bunkers airplanes equipped special communication equipment survive catastrophe.internet internet began arpanet program funded u.s. military.internet designed capability withstand losses large portions underlying networks never designed withstand nuclear attack.
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United States federal government continuity of operations
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due huge numbers people using would likely jammed unable handle communication suffered large amount damage.localized emergency highly useful.however loss electrical power area make accessing internet difficult impossible.communications satellites basically immune ground catastrophe expected military communication satellites would provide government ability communicate situation one includes direct attack upon satellites.see also business continuitycritical infrastructure protectiondesignated survivordisaster recoverymain corenational response frameworknational security homeland security presidential directivepresidential directivepresidential emergency action documents references external links disaster recovery institute internationalfederal continuity directive fcd federal continuity directive fcd pdf download directive.enduring constitutional government continuity government operations description secret presidential decision directive october federal executive branch continuity operations coop federal preparedness circular july federal preparedness circular june fema sitenational security homeland security presidential directive subject national continuity policy may revocation.presidential decision directive october enduring constitutional government continuity government operations including annexes thereto hereby revoked.afi usaf continuity operations coop programthe atomic midwife eisenhower administration’s continuityofgovernment plans legacy ‘constitutional dictatorship’toward comprehensive reform americas emergency law regime compendium national emergency powers
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Security controls
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field information security controls protect confidentiality integrity availability information.systems controls referred frameworks standards.frameworks enable organization manage security controls across different types assets consistency.types security controls security controls classified various criteria.example controls occasionally classified act relative security breachbefore event preventive controls intended prevent incident occurring e.g.locking unauthorized intrudersduring event detective controls intended identify characterize incident progress e.g.
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Security controls
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sounding intruder alarm alerting security guards policeafter event corrective controls intended limit extent damage caused incident e.g.recovering organization normal working status efficiently possible.security controls also classified according characteristics examplephysical controls e.g.fences doors locks fire extinguishersprocedural administrative controls e.g.incident response processes management oversight security awareness trainingtechnical logical controls e.g.user authentication login logical access controls antivirus software firewallslegal regulatory compliance controls e.g.
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Security controls
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privacy laws policies clauses.for information security controls computing see defense depth computing information security information security standards control frameworks numerous information security standards promote good security practices define frameworks systems structure analysis design managing information security controls.well known standards outlined below.international standards organization isoiec specifies controls groupsa.information security policiesa.information security organiseda.
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Security controls
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human resources security controls applied employment.a.asset managementa.access controls managing user accessa.cryptographic technologya.physical security organisations sites equipmenta.
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Security controls
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operational securitya.secure communications data transfera.secure acquisition development support information systemsa.security suppliers third partiesa.incident managementa.
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Security controls
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business continuitydisaster recovery extent affects information securitya.compliance internal requirements policies external requirements laws.u.s. federal government information security standards federal information processing standards fips apply us government agencies.however certain national security systems purview committee national security systems managed outside standards.federal information processing standard fips minimum security requirements federal information information systems specifies minimum security controls federal information systems processes riskbased selection security controls occurs.catalog minimum security controls found nist special publication sp .fips identifies broad control familiesac access control.at awareness training.au audit accountability.ca security assessment authorization.
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Security controls
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historical abbreviationcm configuration management.cp contingency planning.ia identification authentication.ir incident response.ma maintenance.mp media protection.pe physical environmental protection.pl planning.ps personnel security.ra risk assessment.sa system services acquisition.sc system communications protection.si system information integrity.national institute standards technology nist cybersecurity framework maturity based framework divided five functional areas approximately individual controls core.nist sp database nearly one thousand technical controls grouped families cross references.starting revision program management controls identified.controls independent system controls necessary effective security program.starting revision eight families privacy controls identified align security controls privacy expectations federal law.starting revision controls also address data privacy defined nist data privacy framework.commercial control sets cobit proprietary control set published isaca.governance enterprise itevaluate direct monitor edm – processesmanagement enterprise italign plan organise apo – processesbuild acquire implement bai – processesdeliver service support dss – processesmonitor evaluate assess mea processes cis top commercially licensable control set published center internet security.controls developed network volunteers made available commercial use license agreement.
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Security controls
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ts mitigation open creative commons commercially licensable control set threat sketch.open business language mitigations mapped one hundred nist cybersecurity framework controls.open business language mitigations mapped nearly one thousand nist sp controls.telecommunications telecommunications security controls defined security services part osi reference modelitut x. recommendation.iso iso technically aligned.model widely recognized.data liability legal regulatory compliance intersection security risk laws set standards care data liability defined.handful databases emerging help risk managers research laws define liability country provincestate local levels.
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Lifeboat Distribution
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control sets compliance relevant laws actual risk mitigators.perkins coie security breach notification chart set articles one per state define data breach notification requirements among us states.ncsl security breach notification laws list us state statutes define data breach notification requirements.ts jurisdiction commercial cybersecurity research platform coverage us state federal laws impact cybersecurity breach.ts jurisdiction also maps nist cybersecurity framework.business control frameworks wide range frameworks standards looking internal business interbusiness controls includingssae isae payment card industry data security standardhealth insurance portability accountability actcobit cis topnist cybersecurity framework see also access controlcountermeasureenvironmental designinformation securityosi reference modelphysical securityrisksecuritysecurity engineeringsecurity managementsecurity services references nist sp revision dod instruction .fismapedia termscustomers vendors specialize virtualizationcloud computing security application network infrastructure business continuitydisaster recovery database infrastructure management application lifecycle management scienceengineering technical products.lifeboat headquartered eatontown new jersey also offices arizona ontario amsterdam.lifeboat distribution subsidiary wayside technology group inc. nasdaq wstg publicly traded company since .history early years june lifeboat associates acquired voyager software corp. voyager threedivision company lifeboat software distributor corsoft corporate reseller programmers paradise mailorder operation.may voyager software corp changed name programmers paradise inc. time changed lifeboat associates name lifeboat distribution.july programmers paradise completed initial public offering common stock.on january lifeboats european operations sold along programmers paradise european operations pcware known comparex group.through lifeboat expanded vendor line card established emerging vendors installshield later become flexera software intel software techsmith gfi vmware.lifeboat developed reputation helping companies enter twotier vendordistributorreseller distribution model.
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Lifeboat Distribution
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example lifeboat vmwares first u.s. software distributor helping introduce company’s nascent virtualization software channel.in lifeboat distribution appointed intels software authorized distributor order make companys internally developed highperformance software development tools available customers worldwide.present day lifeboat specializes technology domains include virtualizationcloud computing also security application network infrastructure database modeling application lifecycle management business productivity.lifeboat recently added companies like veeam software solarwinds storagecraft line card.company represents extensive set software mainstream virtualization space – products marketed resellers lifeboat’s virtualization world view portfolio.in lifeboat opened office almere netherlands order better serve company’s european resellers.lifeboat competes much larger broad line distributors must provide service differentiators software vendors reseller customers.one way done deployment innovative technologies electronic license key stocking system edi–based electronic data interchange order processing data warehousing systems.references
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Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface
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registered international standard august joint technical committee jtc international organization standardization iso international electrotechnical commission iec.overview cimi standard defined published distributed management task force dmtf.includes cloud infrastructure management interface cimi model restful httpbased protocol specification cimi xml schema cimi primer cimi uses cases whitepapercloud infrastructure management interface cimi model restful httpbased protocolthe cloud infrastructure management interface cimi model restful httpbased protocol specification defines architecture concepts cimi.cimi xml schemathe cimi xml schema defines xml representation cimi model.cimi primerthe cimi primer explains clients use cimi api common use cases listing machine images configurations creating machine template retrieving details it.cimi use casesthe cimi use cases whitepaper collects number use cases typify next generation issues facing iaas providers considered addressed next version cimi specification business continuitydisaster recovery service level objective management log metadata management multicloud management.goals cimi aims provide single set interfaces cloud consumer use provision manage cloud infrastructure multiple clouds client code need adapted proprietary interfaces multiple vendors.cimi described de jure standard change control standards body contrasting de facto standard typically one vendor change control interface everyone else reverse engineer inner workings it.it expecting vendors embrace dual strategy delivering two offerings – one cimi compliant offering second proprietary offering allows proprietary functionality.
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Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface
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scope cimi scoped core iaas functionality deploying managing machines volumes networks monitoring systems group them.includes feature discovery mechanism find functions cloud provider supports including metadata describing capabilities resource constraints.model features model cimi model describes detail resources accessible cloud consumer maintained cloud provider relationships.the main entry point cimi consumer iaas providers cloud entry point.data discovered iterativelypointers machines volumes networks systems grouping resources managed single unit machine images credentials ...templates provision new resources machines volumes networks systemsmonitoring resources meters events event logs notifications provider time type error warning ... severity etc.jobs one processes actions directed accomplish specific goal performed providermetadata describing capabilities resources constraintsoptional provider extensionsthe model selfdescribing allows querying metadata e.g.discover extensions implemented.
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Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface
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model also extensible consumer provider.the model also defines serializations xml json resource.features cimi addresses management lifecycle infrastructure provided iaas provider creation deletion viewing alteration virtual machines networks storage start stop operations.it also defines resource operations creating machine images snapshots machines backup restore creation additional identical virtual machines.cimi allows import ovf package create system machines cimi resources well export cimi system resources ovf package.actual import export ovf packages handled underlying hypervisor management cimi implementation.protocols cimi currently supports rest architectural style using http interactions consumer providers.mappings soap wsman also considered.this protocol binding follows rest principles describes mapping http protocol verbs operations model request sent using http verb get post put delete includes message body either json xml format.
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WAN optimization
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response uses standard http status code whose semantics interpreted context particular request made.implementations several adapters developed expose cimi api endpoint client applications consume translate api calls proprietary api calls supported target cloud providers.the following list cimi implementationsapache deltacloudow sirocco projectstratuslab projectcimi interface openstackthe cimi working group announced plugfests improved interoperability cimi implementations.see also distributed management task force dmtfinfrastructure codeopen virtualisation format ovf referencesdocument defines terms used security resilience standards includes terms definitions.edition published beginning replaces second edition .scope contents iso contains definitions following terms history referenceswan optimization market estimated billion grow .billion according gartner technology research firm.gartner estimated wan optimization market .billion market.the common measures tcp datatransfer efficiencies i.e.optimization throughput bandwidth requirements latency protocol optimization congestion manifested dropped packets.
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WAN optimization
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addition wan classified regards distance endpoints amounts data transferred.two common business wan topologies branch headquarters data center data center dcdc.general branch wan links closer use less bandwidth support simultaneous connections support smaller connections shortlived connections handle greater variety protocols.used business applications email content management systems database application web delivery.comparison dcdc wan links tend require bandwidth distant involve fewer connections connections bigger mbits gbits flows longer duration.
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WAN optimization
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traffic dcdc wan may include replication back data migration virtualization business continuitydisaster recovery bcdr flows.wan optimization subject extensive academic research almost since advent wan.early research private public sectors turned improving endtoend throughput tcp target first proprietary wan optimization solutions branch wan.recent years however rapid growth digital data concomitant needs store protect presented need dcdc wan optimization.example optimizations performed increase overall network capacity utilization meet interdatacenter transfer deadlines minimize average completion times data transfers.another example private interdatacenter wans benefit optimizations fast efficient georeplication data content newly computed machine learning models multimedia content.component techniques branch wan optimization include deduplication wide area file services wafs smb proxy https proxy media multicasting web caching bandwidth management.
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WAN optimization
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requirements dcdc wan optimization also center around deduplication tcp acceleration however must occur context multigigabit data transfer rates.wan optimization techniques deduplication – eliminates transfer redundant data across wan sending references instead actual data.working byte level benefits achieved across ip applications.compression – relies data patterns represented efficiently.essentially compression techniques similar zip rar arj etc.applied onthefly data passing hardware virtual machine based wan acceleration appliances.latency optimization – include tcp refinements windowsize scaling selective acknowledgements layer congestion control algorithms even colocation strategies application placed near proximity endpoint reduce latency.
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WAN optimization
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implementations local wan optimizer answer requests client locally instead forwarding request remote server order leverage writebehind readahead mechanisms reduce wan latency.cachingproxy – staging data local caches relies human behavior accessing data over.forward error correction – mitigates packet loss adding another lossrecovery packet every “n” packets sent would reduce need retransmissions errorprone congested wan links.protocol spoofing – bundles multiple requests chatty applications one.may also include streamlining protocols cifs.traffic shaping – controls data flow specific applications.giving flexibility network operatorsnetwork admins decide applications take precedence wan.common use case traffic shaping would prevent one protocol application hogging flooding link protocols deemed important businessadministrator.wan acceleration devices able traffic shape granularity far beyond traditional network devices.
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WAN optimization
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shaping traffic per user per application basis simultaneously.equalizing – makes assumptions needs immediate priority based data usage.usage examples equalizing may include wide open unregulated internet connections clogged vpn tunnels.connection limits – prevents access gridlock denial service peer.best suited wide open internet access links also used links.simple rate limits – prevents one user getting fixed amount data.best suited stop gap first effort remediating congested internet connection wan link.references
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Infrascale
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history founded ken shaw company headquartered el segundo california offices australia india ukraine.datacenters around world including united states canada australia united kingdom india ukraine south africa.in company acquired eversync solutions incto offer cloud onpremises backup archiving disaster recovery solutions.the program received awards various analyst firms publications.redmond channel partners named infrascale best ransomware solution.also gartner named infrascale leader draas magic quadrant.gartner named infrascale visionary disaster recovery magic quadrant business continuity cool vendor.
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Continuous availability
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crn named infrascale one coolest cloud storage vendors cloud .features features include failover continuous data protection unlimited versioning archiving integrated local backup remote wipe geolocate militarygrade security.available directtocloud offering local onpremises appliance.on january announced partnership google cloud platform deliver faster failover.product editions infrascale comes two versionscloud backup directtocloud backup mobile laptops remote offices without appliances.disaster recovery instantly run systems cloud go due hardware failure natural disaster.infrascale channel focused concentrates heavily selling resellers managed service providers.the infrascale products include several features targeted protecting data asexchange backup granular recoverywindows server backup recoverysharepoint server backup recoverysql server backup recoverylinux backup recoveryunix backup recoverynovell netware backup recoverysolaris backup recovery see also ransomware mitigationmalware protectionoffsite data protectiondisaster recoveryondemand failovercomparison online backup services references external links official websitecontinuous availability describes information technology methods ensure business continuity.in early days computing availability considered business critical.increasing use mobile computing global access online business transactions businesstobusiness communication continuous availability increasingly important based need support customer access information systems.solutions continuous availability exists different forms implementations depending software hardware manufacturer.goal discipline reduce user business application downtime severe impact business operations.inevitably downtime lead loss productivity loss revenue customer dissatisfaction ultimately damage companys reputation.degrees availability terms high availability continuous operation continuous availability generally used express available system is.
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Continuous availability
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following definition terms.high availabilityrefers ability avoid unplanned outages eliminating single points failure.this measure reliability hardware operating system middleware database manager software.another measure high availability ability minimize effect unplanned outage masking outage end users.accomplished providing redundancy quickly restarting failed components.availability usually expressed percentage uptime given yearwhen defining percentage needs specified applies hardware infrastructure business application top.continuous operation refers ability avoid planned outages.continuous operation must ways perform necessary administrative work like hardware software maintenance business application remains available end users.accomplished providing multiple servers switching end users available server times one server made unavailable.
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Continuous availability
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note system running continuous operation necessarily operating high availability excessive number unplanned outages could compromise this.continuous availability combines characteristics high availability continuous operation provide ability keep business application running without noticeable downtime.types outages planned outages deliberate scheduled convenient time.involve activities hardware installation maintenance software maintenance upgrades operating system middleware database server business application database administration offline backup offline reorganizationunplanned outages unexpected outages caused failure system component.include hardware failures software issues people process issues.history various commercially viable examples exist hardwaresoftware implementations.
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Aloysius Cheang
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includebindbittorrentcephcockroachdbdovecotibm parallel sysplexstratustandem nonstop computersyugabytedb see also business continuity planningdisaster recoveryhighavailability clusterfaulttolerant systemservice availability forum references external links continuity centralcontinuous availability blogcontinuous availability sharepointbusiness continuity sap ibm system zreliability availability basicstechrepublic establish realistic availability requirementsus patent method apparatus providing continuous availability applications computer network ibmanother role standards secretariat overseeing standardization efforts within csa cloud security alliance owning relationships sdos.aloysius former member singapore governments chief security officer roundtable founder sig .also held senior executive positions various consulting companies telco worldwide remit.sig rose become de facto security community asia lead formalisation singapore governmentbacked association information security professionals aisp cheang pro tem chairman –.also coeditor isoiec guidelines cybersecurity represented singapore isoiecjtc sc wg.previous contribution ss “business continuitydisaster recovery industry standard” adopted isoiec .
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National Recovery Administration
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cheang sits singapore standards committee national infocomm competency framework security subcommittee.cheangs professional certifications include cisa cissp gcih first microsoft security mvp south asia member microsoft sea mvp hall fame.views presented times asia cio asia zdnet computerworld new paper mypaper sin chew daily wen wei po straits times channelnewsasia independent source specialist opinion.publications framework managing information systems securityanalysis linux.ramen wormsingapore standard specification security standards frameworksingapore standard singapore standard information communications technology disaster recovery services adopted isoiec guidelines information communications technology ict disaster recovery servicessecurity mvp article month – august security technet article month role security infrastructure optimization august security mvp article month – may security technet article month privacy issues – business disabler enabler may referencesgoal administration eliminate cut throat competition bringing industry labor government together create codes fair practices set prices.nra created national industrial recovery act nira allowed industries get together write codes fair competition.codes intended help workers set maximum wages maximum weekly hours well minimum prices products could sold.nra also twoyear renewal charter set expire june renewed.the nra symbolized blue eagle popular workers.businesses supported nra put symbol shop windows packages though always go along regulations entailed.
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National Recovery Administration
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though membership nra voluntary businesses display eagle often boycotted making seem mandatory survival many.in u.s. supreme court unanimously declared nra law unconstitutional ruling infringed separation powers united states constitution.nra quickly stopped operations many labor provisions reappeared national labor relations act wagner act passed later year.longterm result surge growth power unions became core new deal coalition dominated national politics next three decades.background part first new deal nra based premise great depression caused market instability government intervention necessary balance interests farmers business labor.nira created nra declared codes fair competition developed public hearings gave administration power develop voluntary agreements industries regarding work hours pay rates price fixing.
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National Recovery Administration
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nra put operation executive order signed day passage nira.new dealers part administration president franklin d. roosevelt saw close analogy earlier crisis handling economics world war i. brought ideas experience government controls spending –.in june statement national industrial recovery act president roosevelt described spirit nra idea first part nira proposes industry great spontaneous cooperation put millions men back regular jobs summer.stated employers trade band faithfully modern guilds—without exception—and agree act together none hurt millions workers long deprived right earn bread sweat labor raise heads again.challenge law whether sink selfish interest present solid front common peril.inception first director nra hugh s. johnson retired united states army general.named time magazines man year .
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National Recovery Administration
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johnson saw nra national crusade designed restore employment regenerate industry.johnson called every business establishment nation accept stopgap blanket code minimum wage cents per hour maximum workweek hours abolition child labor.johnson roosevelt contended blanket code would raise consumer purchasing power increase employment.historian clarence b. carson notedat moment time early days new deal difficult recapture even imagination heady enthusiasm among goodly number intellectuals government planned economy.far told believed bright new day dawning national planning would result organically integrated economy everyone would joyfully work common good american society would freed last antagonisms arising general hugh johnson put murderous doctrine savage wolfish individualism looking dogeatdog devil take hindmost.goal negotiations code bituminous coal industry came background rapidly swelling union united mine workers headed john l. lewis unstable truce pennsylvania coal fields.nra tried get principals compromise national code decentralized industry many companies antiunion sought keep wage differentials tried escape collective bargaining provisions section a. agreement among parties finally reached nra threatened would impose code.
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National Recovery Administration
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code establish price stabilization resolve questions industrial selfgovernment versus governmental supervision centralization versus local autonomy made dramatic changes abolishing child labor eliminating compulsory scrip wages company store establishing fair trade practices.paved way important wage settlement.price controls early new chairman samuel clay williams announced nra would stop setting prices businessmen complained.chairman williams told plainly unless could prove would damage business nra going put end price control.williams said greater productivity employment would result greater price flexibility attained.
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National Recovery Administration
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businessmen hand probably opposed mr. williams aim reported time magazine guaranteed price products looks like royal road profits.fixed price cost proved lifesaver one inefficient producer.however also argued nras price control method promoted monopolies.the business position summarized george a. sloan head cotton textile code authority maximum hours minimum wage provisions useful necessary prevent price demoralization.putting units industry fair competitive level insofar labor costs concerned prevent destructive price cutting sale commodities produced fixed price material element cost would prevent it.destructive competition expense employees lessened left full swing employer economic soundness enterprise....but partnership industry government invoked president terminated believe spirit cooperation one best fruits nra equipment could survive.
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National Recovery Administration
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blue eagle blue eagle symbol used united states companies show compliance national industrial recovery act.mobilize political support nra johnson launched nra blue eagle publicity campaign boost bargaining strength negotiate codes business labor.many sources credit advertising art director charles t. coiner design.according sources however sketched johnson based idea used war industries board world war i. eagle holds gear symbolizing industry right talon bolts lightning left talon symbolizing power.all companies accepted president franklin d. roosevelts reemployment agreement special code fair competition permitted display poster showing blue eagle together announcement nra member.part.consumers exhorted buy products services companies displaying blue eagle banner.
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National Recovery Administration
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according johnsonwhen every american housewife understands blue eagle everything permits home symbol restoration security may god mercy man group men attempt trifle bird.critics businesses adopted nra without complaint henry ford reluctant join.the national recovery review board headed noted criminal lawyer clarence darrow prominent liberal set president roosevelt march abolished june.board issued three reports highly critical nra perspective small business charging nra fostering cartels.darrow board influenced justice louis d. brandeis wanted instead promote competitive capitalism.representing big business american liberty league – run leading industrialists opposed liberalism new deal.regarding controversial nra league ambivalent.
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National Recovery Administration
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jouett shouse league president commented nra indulged unwarranted excesses attempted regulation added many regards nra served useful purpose.shouse said deep sympathy goals nra explaining feel strongly prohibition child labor maintenance minimum wage limitation hours work belong form government realm affairs different states yet entirely willing agree case overwhelming national emergency federal government limited period permitted assume jurisdiction them.nra practice nra negotiated specific sets codes leaders nations major industries important provisions antideflationary floors company would lower prices wages agreements maintaining employment production.remarkably short time nra agreements almost every major industry nation.according conservative economists nra increased cost business forty percent.
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National Recovery Administration
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donald richberg soon replaced johnson head nra saidthere choice presented american business intelligently planned uncontrolled industrial operations return goldplated anarchy masqueraded rugged individualism....unless industry sufficiently socialized private owners managers great essential industries operated public obligation appropriate public interest advance political control private industry inevitable.by time ended may industrial production higher may .specific industries pennock shows rubber tire industry faced debilitating challenges mostly brought changes industrys retail structure exacerbated depression.segments industry attempted use nra codes solve new problems stabilize tire market tire manufacturing tire retailing codes patent failures.instead leading cartelization higher prices scholars assume nra codes tire industry codes led even fragmentation price cutting.alexander examines macaroni industry concludes cost heterogeneity major source compliance crisis affecting number nra codes fair competition negotiated industries submitted government approval national industry recovery act .argument boils assumptions progressives nra allowed majority coalitions small highcost firms impose codes heterogeneous industries codes designed highcost firms ultimately erroneous belief would enforced nra.storrs says national consumers league ncl instrumental passage legal defense labor legislation many states since .
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National Recovery Administration
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women activists used new deal opportunity gain national forum.general secretary lucy randolph mason league relentlessly lobbied nra make regulatory codes fair workers eliminate explicit de facto discrimination pay working conditions opportunities reasons sex race union status.even demise nra league continued campaigning collective bargaining rights fair labor standards federal state levels.enforcement million people employed nra codes.however violations codes became common attempts made use courts enforce nra.
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National Recovery Administration
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nra included multitude regulations imposing pricing production standards sorts goods services.individuals arrested complying codes.example one small businessman fined violating tailors code pressing suit rather nra required cents.roosevelt critic john t. flynn roosevelt myth wrote nra discovering could enforce rules.black markets grew up.
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National Recovery Administration
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violent police methods could procure enforcement.sidney hillmans garment industry code authority employed enforcement police.roamed garment district like storm troopers.could enter mans factory send line employees subject minute interrogation take books instant.night work forbidden.
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National Recovery Administration
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flying squadrons private coatandsuit police went district night battering doors axes looking men committing crime sewing together pair pants night.without harsh methods many code authorities said could compliance public back it.the nra famous bureaucracy.journalist raymond clapper reported business practices prohibited nra orders carried force law contained administrative orders running million pages supplemented clapper said innumerable opinions directions national regional code boards interpreting enforcing provisions act.also rules code authorities force law affecting lives conduct millions persons.clapper concluded requires imagination appreciate difficulty business man keeping informed codes supplemental codes code amendments executive orders administrative orders office orders interpretations rules regulations obiter dicta.
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National Recovery Administration
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judicial review may court case schechter poultry corp. v. united states supreme court held themandatory codes section nira unconstitutional attempted regulate commerce interstate character codes represented unacceptable delegation power legislature executive.chief justice charles evans hughes wrote unanimous court invalidating industrial codes fair competition nira enabled president issue.court held codes violated united states constitutions separation powers impermissible delegation legislative power executive branch.court also held nira provisions excess congressional power commerce clause.the court distinguished direct effects interstate commerce congress could lawfully regulate indirect purely matters state law.though raising sale poultry interstate industry court found stream interstate commerce stopped case schechters slaughterhouses bought chickens intrastate wholesalers sold intrastate buyers.
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National Recovery Administration
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interstate effect schechter indirect therefore beyond federal reach.specifically court invalidated regulations poultry industry promulgated authority national industrial recovery act including price wage fixing well requirements regarding whole shipment chickens including unhealthy ones led case becoming known sick chicken case.ruling one series overturned new deal legislation january january ultimately caused roosevelt attempt pack court judges favor new deal.subsequent decision remainder title extended april joint resolution congress stat.june nra reorganized e.o.june facilitate new role promoter industrial cooperation enable produce series economic studies national recovery review board already doing.many labor provisions reappeared wagner act .
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National Recovery Administration
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legacy philadelphia pennsylvania debenneville bert bell formed new national football league franchise replace defunct frankford yellow jackets naming team eagles recognition nra name team retains present.in request interior secretary ickes wished use statute criminalizing making false statements enforce section c nira producers hot oil oil produced violation production restrictions established pursuant nira congress passed pub.l.– stat.enacted june amended false claims act read… whoever purpose obtaining aiding obtain payment approval claim purpose intent cheating swindling defrauding government united states department thereof corporation united states america stockholder shall knowingly willfully falsify conceal cover trick scheme device material fact make cause made false fraudulent statements representations make use cause made used false bill receipt voucher account roll claim certificate affidavit deposition knowing contain fraudulent fictitious statement entry matter within jurisdiction department agency united states corporation united states america stockholder …this form statute slightly modified form still exists today u.s.c.§ .see also job creation program references bibliography external links promotional video national recovery administrationarticle nra eh.nets encyclopediaarchive bird part t.h.
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Backup site
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watkinsjimmy durante singing promotion nraintegral part disaster recovery plan wider business continuity planning organization.a backup alternate site another data center location operated organization contracted via company specializes disaster recovery services.cases one organization agreement second organization operate joint backup site.addition organization may reciprocal agreement another organization set site data centers.sites generally classified based prepared speed brought operation cold facility prepared warm equipment place hot operational data loaded – increasing cost implement maintain increasing temperature.classification cold site empty operational spaces basic facilities like raised floors air conditioning power communication lines etc.following incident equipment brought set resume operations.
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Backup site
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include backed copies data information original location organization include hardware already set up.lack provisioned hardware contributes minimal startup costs cold site requires additional time following disaster operation running capacity close prior disaster.cases cold site may equipment available operational.a warm site compromise hot cold.sites hardware connectivity already established though smaller scale.warm sites might backups hand may complete may several days week old.
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Backup site
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recovery delayed backup tapes delivered warm site network connectivity established data recovered remote backup site.a hot site near duplicate original site organization full computer systems well complete backups user data.real time synchronization two sites may used completely mirror data environment original site using wide area network links specialized software.following disruption original site hot site exists organization relocate minimal losses normal operations shortest recovery time.ideally hot site running within matter hours.personnel may moved hot site possible hot site may operational data processing perspective staff relocated.
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Backup site
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capacity hot site may may match capacity original site depending organizations requirements.type backup site expensive operate.hot sites popular organizations operate real time processes financial institutions government agencies ecommerce providers.the important feature offered hot site production environments running concurrently main datacenter.syncing allows minimal impact downtime business operations.event significant outage event hot site take place impacted site immediately.
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Backup site
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however level redundancy come cheap businesses weigh costbenefitanalysis cba hot site utilization.nowadays backup site misses proactive approach may considered hot site depending level maturity organization regarding iso approach international standard business continuity management.alternate sites generally alternate site refers site people equipment need work relocated period time normal production environment whether reconstituted replaced available.choosing choosing type backup site used decided organizations based cost vs. benefit analysis.hot sites traditionally expensive cold sites since much equipment company needs must purchased thus people needed maintain making operational costs higher.however organization loses substantial amount revenue day inactive may worth cost.
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Backup site
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another advantage hot site used operations prior disaster happening.load balanced production processing method cost effective provide users security minimal downtime event affects one data centers.the advantages cold site simple — cost.requires fewer resources operate cold site equipment brought prior disaster.organizations may store older versions hardware center.may appropriate server farm environment old hardware could used many cases.
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Backup site
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downside cold site potential cost must incurred order make cold site effective.costs purchasing equipment short notice may higher disaster may make equipment difficult obtain.commercial sites contracting services commercial provider backup site capability organizations take note contractual usage provision invocation procedures.providers may sign one organization given site facility often depending various service levels.reasonable proposition unlikely organizations using service likely need time allows provider offer service affordable cost.
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Backup site
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however large scale incident affects wide area likely facilities become oversubscribed.organization request priority service provider often higher monthly fee.commercial site also used secondary production site full scale mirroring environment primary data center.higher fee required security site ability organization provide users uninterrupted access data applications could justify cost.see also offsite data protectionbackup notes references records management services july .
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Backup site
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vital records protect store vital records retrieved uw records management web site httpf.washington.edufmrecmgtmanagingvitalrecordsstorehaag cummings mccubbrey pinsonneult donovan..information management systems information age.mcgrawhill ryerson.it service continuity itil v. service continuity.retrieved httpitlibrary.orgindex.phppageitservicecontinuitymanagement sephttp
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Backup-to-disk
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backuptodisk technology often supplemented tape drives data archival replication another facility disaster recovery.additionally backuptodisk several advantages traditional tape backup technical business reasons explained later article.continued improvements storage devices provide faster access higher storage capacity prime consideration backup restore operations backuptodisk become prominent organizations.technical advantanges technical advantages backuptodisk technology.one main advantages speed backups performed disk appliance.
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Backup-to-disk
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backing data backuptodisk technology four times faster traditional scsi tape devices.new serial attached scsi sas connected tape drives faster original tape drives disk appliance still faster tape technologies.faster backup times lead shorter backup windows allowing technology backup data smaller amount time thus increasing window processing also benefit business.another advantage backuptodisk offers data deduplication compression.disk appliances offer either deduplication source destination.deduplication destination faster requires less performance overhead source host.
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Backup-to-disk
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deduplication requires less disk space disk appliance stores one copy possible multiple copies one file network.many backuptodisk technologies advertise compression ratios.also allows information technology department store data less disk space.deduplication disk appliance terabytes raw disk space store much terabytes compressed deduplicated data.business advantages disaster recovery important advantage backuptodisk provides business technology department faster recovery data.businesses today several terabytes data business must able retain event disaster.
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Backup-to-disk
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disaster simple server hardware failures severe regional disaster natural disaster.localized disaster disk appliance allows technology department hold one two weeks backups depending size disk appliance amount data backup allows quick recovery.business continuity preparation disaster requires creation organizational business continuity plan bcp.bcp describes guidelines system continuity recoverability.disk based backups facilitate rapid system recovery.
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Backup-to-disk
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backuptodisk system replicate data backups device another location.beneficial organization designated location recovery site.backuptodisk technology greatly benefit organization continuing business disaster damages facilities technology.products several disk backup solutions market today.industry leading devices.
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Backup-to-disk
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dell emc dell emc offers two disk backup devices.data domain device emc acquired data domain .data domain device deduplicates data destination reduces overhead host.throughput tbhour data domain systems make possible complete backups less time provide faster reliable restores.data domain operating system dd os intelligence behind data domain systems makes industry’s reliable cloudenabled protection storage.the second dell emc offering avamar unit deduplicates data source via agent host offers savings bandwidth utilization backup.both units offer sitetosite replication.
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Backup-to-disk
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hpe hewlett packard enterprisehpe offers data storage backup hpe storeonce portfolio.hpe storeonce offered virtual storage appliance vsa disk based hardware appliance.storeonce vsa licensed tb tb tb capacity points deployed x industry standard server certain specification requirements.disk based storeonce backup appliances six models ranging storeonce .tb usable storeonce .pb usable.hpe storeonce hpe storeonce catalyst federated deduplication solution provides diskbased backup environments smallest remote sites largest enterprises.reduce amount space needed store backup data choose powerful dedicated appliances larger offices data centers flexible virtual appliances smaller remote offices.
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Backup-to-disk
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quantum quantum offers several models disk backup solutions.dxiv series entrylevel unit stores tb data.midrange level units dxi dxiseries enterprise level unit dxi.all offerings quantum deduplication compression remote site replication.rdiffbackup rdiffbackup open source product provides reversedelta disktodisk backups.rsyncincremental rsyncincremental product per se rather technique using open source program rsync the—linkdest parameter.
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Backup-to-disk
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functionality similar time machine macos.time machine macos time machine provides disktodisk backup solution using reversedeltas.see also backupdisktodisktotapedisk storage references .jump hp storage product marketing.hp storeonce backup.retrieved dec .
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