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You see under a microscope. | Unter dem Mikroskop sieht man es. | en-de |
You see in the upper left corner? You see a single predatory mite. | 왼쪽 위에 보면 이리응애 한 마리를 보실 수 있지요. | en-ko |
And this is the whole bunch of predatory mites. | И това е цял куп хищни акари. | en-bg |
You see this ampul. You see this one. | Vidíte tuto ampuli. | en-cs |
I have one gram of those predatory mites. | Das sind ein Gramm Raubmilben. | en-de |
One gram is 80,000 individuals. | Jeden gram znamená 80 000 jedinců, | en-cs |
80,000 individuals are good enough to control one acre, 4,000 square meters, of a strawberry plot against spider mites for the whole season of almost one year. | 80.000 individer er nok til at regulere en hektar, 4.000 kvadratmeter, jordbær plantage imod spindemider i hele sæsonen, i næsten et år. | en-da |
And we can produce from this, believe you me, several dozens of kilograms on an annual basis. | Y a partir de esto, créanme, podemos producir decenas de kilos al año. | en-es |
So this is what I call amplification of the phenomenon. | Então é isso o que eu chamo de amplificação do fenômeto. | en-pt-br |
And no, we do not disrupt the balance. | En nee, we verstoren de balans niet. | en-nl |
On the contrary, because we bring it to every cultural plot where the balance was already disrupted by the chemicals. | Przeciwnie, ponieważ wprowadzamy je na każdą uprawę, gdzie równowaga już jest zniszczona przez środki chemiczne, | en-pl |
Here we come with those natural enemies in order to reverse a little bit of the wheel and to bring more natural balance to the agricultural plot by reducing those chemicals. | können wir durch die natürlichen Feinde das Rad ein wenig zurückdrehen und ein natürlicheres Gleichgewicht erzeugen, indem wir den Chemikalieneinsatz reduzieren. Das ist die ganze Idee. | en-de |
And what is the impact? | 然而，成效如何呢？ | en-zh-cn |
In this table, you can actually see what is an impact of a successful biological control by good bugs. | В этой таблице можно видеть, каков результат успешного биологического контроля с использованием полезных насекомых. | en-ru |
For example, in Israel, where we employ more than 1,000 hectares -- 10,000 dunams in Israeli terms -- of biological pests controlling sweet pepper under protection, 75 percent of the pesticides were actually reduced. | على سبيل المثال ، في اسرائيل، حيث نوظف أكثر من 1000 هكتار -- 10000 دونم في الشروط الاسرائيلية -- من الفلفل الحلو للسيطرة البيولوجية للآفات تحت الحماية، 75 في المئة من المبيدات خفضت بالفعل. | en-ar |
And Israeli strawberries, even more -- 80 percent of the pesticides, especially those aimed against pest mites in strawberries. | En Israëlische aardbeien, nog meer -- 80% reductie van pesticiden, met name die gericht tegen schadelijke mijten bij aardbeien. | en-nl |
So the impact is very strong. | L’impact est très fort. | en-fr |
And there goes the question, especially if you ask growers, agriculturists: Why biological control? | Et voila le problème, spécialement si vous demandez aux cultivateurs et agriculteurs: Pourquoi le contrôle biologique? | en-fr |
Why good bugs? | Waarom goede beestjes? | en-nl |
By the way, the number of answers you get equals the number of people you ask. | Между прочим, количество получаемых ответов равно количеству опрашиваемых. | en-ru |
But if we go, for example, to this place, Southeast Israel, the Arava area above the Great Rift Valley, where the pearl of Israeli agriculture is located, especially under greenhouse conditions, or under screenhouse conditions -- if you drive all the way to Eilat, you see this just in the middle of the desert. | Ma se ci spostiamo in questo luogo, ad esempio, nell'Israele sudorientale, la zona di Arava sulla Grande Rift Valley (Fossa Tettonica), dove si trova l'eccellenza -- la perla dell'agricoltura Israeliana, specialmente per le coltivazioni in serra o all'ombra -- se andate verso Eliat vedrete questo proprio in mezzo al deserto. | en-it |
And if you zoom in, you can definitely watch this: grandparents with their grandchildren, distributing the natural enemies, the good bugs, instead of wearing special clothes and gas masks and applying chemicals. | A když se přiblížíte, určitě zpozorujete toto, prarodiče se svými vnoučaty, jak roznášejí přirozené nepřátele, dobrý hmyz, namísto aby oblékli ochranné oděvy a masky pro aplikaci chemikálií. | en-cs |
So safety, with respect to the application, is the number one answer that we get from growers, for "Why biological control?" | Deci siguranța, în ceea ce privește aplicarea, acesta e principalul răspuns pe care îl primim de la crescători privind controlul biologic. | en-ro |
Number two, many growers are, in fact, petrified by the idea of resistance, that the pests will become resistant to the chemicals, just like in our case, that bacteria becomes resistant to antibiotics. | 而第二名的答案， 许多耕种者会担心 抗药性的问题， 担心这些害虫 会逐渐对农药产生抵抗力， 就像是白喉的病菌 对抗生素产生了抗体。 | en-zh-cn |
It's the same, and it can happen very quickly. | E la fel, și se poate întâmpla foarte repede. | en-ro |
Fortunately, in either biological control or even natural control, resistance is extremely rare. | К счастью, как при биологическом контроле, так и при естественном контроле, устойчивость чрезвычайно редка. | en-ru |
It hardly happens. | Dificilmente acontece. | en-pt-br |
Because this is evolution, this is the natural ratio, unlike resistance, which happens in the case of chemicals. | لأن هذا هو التطور الحياتي؛ هذه هي النسبة الطبيعية ، وعلى عكس المقاومة ، والذي يحدث في حالة المواد الكيميائية. | en-ar |
And thirdly, public demand. | Και τρίτον, ζήτηση από το λαό. | en-el |
The more the public demands the reduction of chemicals, the more growers become aware of the fact that they should, wherever they can and wherever possible, replace the chemical control with biological control. | 社会的要請とは 農薬を減らすよう 社会からの要請が強ければ強いほど より多くの農家が可能な限り 農薬を生物的コントロールに 切り替える必要があると 考えるようになります | en-ja |
Even here, there is another grower, you see, very interested in the bugs, the bad ones and the good ones, wearing this magnifier already on her head, just walking safely in her crop. | Hier zie je weer een teler, zeer geïnteresseerd in de insecten, de goede en de slechte. Ze draagt het vergrootglas al op haar hoofd, en loopt veilig door haar oogst. | en-nl |
Finally, I want to get to my vision, or, in fact, to my dream. | Zum Schluss will ich von meinee Vision, meinem Traum, sprechen. | en-de |
Because, you see, this is the reality. | 왜냐하면 이것은 현실이기 때문입니다. | en-ko |
Have a look at the gap. | ギャップを見てください | en-ja |
If we take the overall turnover of the biocontrol industry worldwide, it's 250 million dollars. | אם ניקח את המחזור המסחרי הכולל של תעשיית ההדברה הביולוגית בעולם, מדובר ב-250 מיליון דולר. | en-he |
And look at the overall pesticide industry in all the crops throughout the world. | Et regardez la totalité de l’industrie des pesticides sur les cultures dans le monde entier. | en-fr |
I think it's times 100 or something like that. | Je crois que c’est 100 fois ou presque. | en-fr |
Twenty-five billion. | 250億ドルです | en-ja |
So there is a huge gap to bridge. | 所以这有着很大的落差需要去填补。 | en-zh-cn |
So actually, how can we do it? | Как же это сделать? | en-ru |
How can we bridge, or let's say, narrow, this gap over the years? | Como podemos transpor essa distância, ou digamos, diminuí-la | en-pt-br |
First of all, we need to find more robust, good and reliable biological solutions, more good bugs that we can either mass-produce or actually conserve in the field. | khoảng cách này, trong vòng vài năm? Trước tiên, cần phải tìm ra những giải pháp sinh học tốt hơn, thiết thực hơn và đáng tin cậy hơn, và thêm nhiều loài thiên địch nữa ta có thể sản xuất chúng hàng loạt, hay tốt hơn là bảo tồn chúng ngay trên đồng ruộng. | en-vi |
Secondly, to create even more intensive and strict public demand for the reduction of chemicals in agricultural fresh produce. | Thứ hai, cần phải vận động những đòi hỏi mạnh mẽ và chặt chẽ hơn nữa từ cộng đồng để giảm thiểu thuốc trừ sâu hóa học trong sản phẩm nông nghiệp tươi sống. | en-vi |
And thirdly, also to increase awareness by the growers to the potential of this industry. | Og for det tredje, også at forhøje opmærksomheden ved dyrkerne til industriens potentiale. | en-da |
And this gap really narrows. | E questo divario si ridurrà davvero. | en-it |
Step by step, it does narrow. | Trin for trin, bliver det indsnævret. | en-da |
So I think my last slide is: All we are saying -- we can actually sing it -- Give nature a chance. | Je crois donc que ma dernière diapo sera : Tout ce que nous sommes en train de dire, en fait nous pourrions le chanter, ça donne une chance à la nature. | en-fr |
I'm saying it on behalf of all the biocontrol practitioners and implementers, in Israel and abroad, really give nature a chance. | Så jeg siger det på vegne af al biologisk regulering ansøgerne og dem der implementerer det, i Israel og udenlands, giv nu naturen en chance. | en-da |
(Music by Anna Oxygen) (Music: "Shells" by Mirah) ♪ You learned how to be a diver ♪ ♪ Put on a mask and believe ♪ ♪ Gather a dinner of shells for me ♪ ♪ Take the tank down so you can breathe ♪ ♪ Below ♪ ♪ Movements slow ♪ ♪ You are an island ♪ ♪ All the secrets until then ♪ ♪ Pried open I held them ♪ ♪ Until they were still ♪ ♪ Until they were still ♪ ♪ Until they were still ♪ (Music) (Music by Caroline Lufkin) (Music by Anna Oxygen) ♪ Dream time, I will find you ♪ ♪ You are shady, you are new ♪ ♪ I'm not so good at mornings ♪ ♪ I can see too clearly ♪ ♪ I prefer the nighttime ♪ ♪ Dark and blurry ♪ ♪ Falling night ♪ ♪ Hovering light ♪ ♪ Calling night ♪ ♪ Hovering light ♪ ♪ In the moontime I will give up my life ♪ ♪ And in the deep dreams ♪ ♪ You will find me ♪ (Applause) [Excerpts from "Myth and Infrastructure"] Bruno Giussani: Come back. | (Музика Ане Oксиџен) (Музика: "Шкољке" аутора Мире) ♪ Научио си како да будеш ронилац ♪ ♪ Стави маску и веруј ♪ ♪ Сакупи вечеру од шкољки за мене ♪ ♪ Узми танк доле, да можеш да дишеш ♪ ♪ Испод ♪ ♪ Спори покрети ♪ ♪ Ти си острво ♪ ♪ Све тајне до тада ♪ ♪ Задржи радозналост ♪ ♪ Док се не умире ♪ ♪ Док се не умире ♪ ♪ Док се не умире ♪ (Музика) (Музика Каролине Луфкин) (Музика Ане Оксиџен) ♪ Време за спавање, пронаћићу те ♪ ♪ Ти си нејасан, ти си нов ♪ ♪ Ујутру нисам тако добар ♪ ♪ Видим превише јасно ♪ ♪ Више волим ноћ ♪ ♪ Тамну и замућену ♪ ♪ Падајућа ноћ ♪ ♪ Лебдеће светло ♪ ♪ Призивање ноћи ♪ ♪ Лебдеће светло ♪ ♪ У времену месеца даћу свој живот ♪ ♪ И у дубоким сновима ♪ ♪ Пронаћи ћете ме ♪ (Аплауз) [Изводи из "Мита и инфраструктуре"] Бруно Ђузани: Врати се. | en-sr |
Miwa Matreyek! | Miwa Matreyek ! | en-fr |
Automation anxiety has been spreading lately, a fear that in the future, many jobs will be performed by machines rather than human beings, given the remarkable advances that are unfolding in artificial intelligence and robotics. | 최근들어 자동화에 대한 우려의 목소리가 커지고 있습니다. 미래에 대한 두려움이죠. 많은 직업 분야에서 로봇이 인간을 대체하게 될 것이고 그것은 인공지능과 로봇 기술의 엄청난 발전 때문이라는 것입니다. | en-ko |
What's clear is that there will be significant change. | Lo cierto es que habrá cambios importantes. | en-es |
What's less clear is what that change will look like. | O que é menos claro é como será essa mudança. | en-pt |
My research suggests that the future is both troubling and exciting. | 제 연구에 따르면 미래는 힘들지만 흥미로울 것입니다. | en-ko |
The threat of technological unemployment is real, and yet it's a good problem to have. | De dreiging van technologische werkloosheid is reëel en toch is het een goed probleem om te hebben. | en-nl |
And to explain how I came to that conclusion, I want to confront three myths that I think are currently obscuring our vision of this automated future. | E para explicar como cheguei a essa conclusão, quero confrontar três mitos que acho que estão obscurecendo nossa visão desse futuro automatizado. | en-pt-br |
A picture that we see on our television screens, in books, in films, in everyday commentary is one where an army of robots descends on the workplace with one goal in mind: to displace human beings from their work. | Una imagen que solemos ver en las pantallas de TV, en libros, en películas, en las crónicas diarias, es la de un ejército de robots que llega a nuestro lugar de trabajo con un solo objetivo: desplazar a los seres humanos de sus trabajos. | en-es |
And I call this the Terminator myth. | Tomu říkám Mýtus Terminátora. | en-cs |
Yes, machines displace human beings from particular tasks, but they don't just substitute for human beings. | Igen, a gépek egyes foglalkozásokból kiszorítják az embert, de nem csupán helyettesítik az embert. | en-hu |
They also complement them in other tasks, making that work more valuable and more important. | Li completano anche in altri compiti, rendendo quel lavoro più produttivo e più importante. | en-it |
Sometimes they complement human beings directly, making them more productive or more efficient at a particular task. | Đôi khi chúng trực tiếp hỗ trợ cho con người, giúp họ làm việc có năng suất hay hiệu quả hơn trong những việc cụ thể. | en-vi |
So a taxi driver can use a satnav system to navigate on unfamiliar roads. | Так, в незнакомой местности таксист может воспользоваться спутниковой навигацией. | en-ru |
An architect can use computer-assisted design software to design bigger, more complicated buildings. | 建築師可以用電腦輔助的設計軟體 來設計更大、更複雜的建築物。 | en-zh-tw |
But technological progress doesn't just complement human beings directly. | 但科技進步並不只會直接補足人類。 | en-zh-tw |
It also complements them indirectly, and it does this in two ways. | les humains de façon directe. Il les complémente indirectement et le fait de deux façons. | en-fr |
The first is if we think of the economy as a pie, technological progress makes the pie bigger. | روش اول به این صورت است که اگر ما اقتصاد را مثل کیکی در نظر بگیریم، پیشرفت فناوری این کیک را بزرگتر میکند. | en-fa |
As productivity increases, incomes rise and demand grows. | Quand la productivité augmente, les revenus et la demande augmentent. | en-fr |
The British pie, for instance, is more than a hundred times the size it was 300 years ago. | 영국의 경제를 예로 들면 3백년 전보다 100배 넘게 성장했습니다. | en-ko |
And so people displaced from tasks in the old pie could find tasks to do in the new pie instead. | Les gens évincés de tâches dans l’ancien gâteau peuvent trouver des tâches dans le nouveau gâteau. | en-fr |
But technological progress doesn't just make the pie bigger. | तकनीकी प्रगति केवल केक का आकर ही नहीं बढाती है. | en-hi |
It also changes the ingredients in the pie. | 它也會改變派的成分原料。 | en-zh-tw |
As time passes, people spend their income in different ways, changing how they spread it across existing goods, and developing tastes for entirely new goods, too. | Com o passar do tempo, as pessoas gastam o dinheiro de forma diferente, mudando a forma como o dividem entre os bens existentes e desenvolvendo gostos por bens inteiramente novos. | en-pt |
New industries are created, new tasks have to be done and that means often new roles have to be filled. | Появляются новые отрасли хозяйства, возникает потребность в новых профессиях, а значит, открываются позиции, которые необходимо заполнить. | en-ru |
So again, the British pie: 300 years ago, most people worked on farms, 150 years ago, in factories, and today, most people work in offices. | 다시 영국 경제를 예로 들면, 3백년 전에는 대부분 농장에서 일했습니다. 150년 전에는 공장에서 일했죠. 하지만 지금은 대부분이 사무실에서 일합니다. | en-ko |
And once again, people displaced from tasks in the old bit of pie could tumble into tasks in the new bit of pie instead. | ومرةً أخرى، الناس الذين انتقلوا من المهام في الفطيرة القديمة استطاعوا أن يجدوا مهاما أخرى في الفطيرة الجديدة. | en-ar |
Economists call these effects complementarities, but really that's just a fancy word to capture the different way that technological progress helps human beings. | Los economistas llaman a estos efectos "complementariedades", que es en realidad un término elegante para expresar la forma diferente en que el progreso tecnológico puede ayudar a los humanos. | en-es |
Resolving this Terminator myth shows us that there are two forces at play: one, machine substitution that harms workers, but also these complementarities that do the opposite. | Giải quyết sự lầm tưởng Kẻ hủy diệt này cho chúng ta thấy rằng có hai sức mạnh hiện hữu: một là, việc thay thế bằng máy móc gây thiệt hại cho người lao động, nhưng các nguyên tắc bổ sung lại có tác động ngược lại. | en-vi |
Now the second myth, what I call the intelligence myth. | Íme a másik hiedelem, amelyet intelligenciahiedelemnek hívok. | en-hu |
What do the tasks of driving a car, making a medical diagnosis and identifying a bird at a fleeting glimpse have in common? | Що спільного мають управління автомобілем, визначення діагнозу і миттєве розпізнавання птаха? | en-uk |
Well, these are all tasks that until very recently, leading economists thought couldn't readily be automated. | 네, 이들은 모두 최근까지도 쉽게 자동화될 수 없을 거라고 저명한 경제학자들이 생각한 일들입니다. | en-ko |
And yet today, all of these tasks can be automated. | लेकिन आज किये जा सकते हैं. | en-hi |
You know, all major car manufacturers have driverless car programs. | Усі провідні автомобілебудівники використовують програми автопілота. | en-uk |
There's countless systems out there that can diagnose medical problems. | Há inúmeros sistemas por aí que diagnosticam problemas médicos. | en-pt-br |
And there's even an app that can identify a bird at a fleeting glimpse. | 甚至有一款软件 只需要扫一扫 就可以识别鸟的种类 | en-zh-cn |
Now, this wasn't simply a case of bad luck on the part of economists. | Đây không đơn giản là một trường hợp thiếu may mắn của các nhà kinh tế học. | en-vi |
They were wrong, and the reason why they were wrong is very important. | Prostě se mýlili. Důvod jejich omylu je velmi důležitý. | en-cs |
They've fallen for the intelligence myth, the belief that machines have to copy the way that human beings think and reason in order to outperform them. | Erano ammaliati dal mito dell'intelligenza, dalla convinzione che le macchine debbano copiare il modo in cui gli umani pensano e ragionano così da poterli superare. | en-it |
When these economists were trying to figure out what tasks machines could not do, they imagined the only way to automate a task was to sit down with a human being, get them to explain to you how it was they performed a task, and then try and capture that explanation in a set of instructions for a machine to follow. | Mentre questi economisti provavano a capire cosa le macchine non sapessero fare, pensavano che il solo modo di automatizzare un'attività fosse sedersi con un umano, farsi spiegare da lui come svolge, e quindi provare a restituire quella spiegazione in un set di istruzioni che una macchina potesse seguire. | en-it |
This view was popular in artificial intelligence at one point, too. | Esta visão foi a certa altura popular na inteligência artificial. | en-pt |
I know this because Richard Susskind, who is my dad and my coauthor, wrote his doctorate in the 1980s on artificial intelligence and the law at Oxford University, and he was part of the vanguard. | من این را میدانم چون ریچارد سوزکیند، که پدر و مولف همکار من است، پروژه دکترا خود را در سالهای ۱۹۸۰ روی هوش مصنوعی و قانون در دانشگاه آکسفورد انجام داد، و او یکی از پیشگامان این حوزه بود. | en-fa |
And with a professor called Phillip Capper and a legal publisher called Butterworths, they produced the world's first commercially available artificial intelligence system in the law. | a spolu s profesorem Phillipem Capperem a vydavatelstvím zákonů Butterworths vytvořili první komerčně dostupný systém umělé inteligence pro právo. | en-cs |
This was the home screen design. | Dit was het ontwerp van het startscherm. | en-nl |
He assures me this was a cool screen design at the time. | يؤكد لي أن هذا كان تصميما حديثا في ذلك الوقت. | en-ar |
(Laughter) I've never been entirely convinced. | (Rires) Il ne m'a jamais convaincu. | en-fr |
He published it in the form of two floppy disks, at a time where floppy disks genuinely were floppy, and his approach was the same as the economists': sit down with a lawyer, get her to explain to you how it was she solved a legal problem, and then try and capture that explanation in a set of rules for a machine to follow. | Két hajlékony lemezen jelentette meg a rendszert, mikor még azok tényleg hajlékonyak voltak. Fölfogása egyezett a közgazdászokéval: fogj egy jogászt, magyaráztasd el, hogyan szokott jogi feladatokat megoldani, aztán a magyarázatot foglald a gép által követendő szabályokba. | en-hu |
In economics, if human beings could explain themselves in this way, the tasks are called routine, and they could be automated. | 在經濟上，如果人類能夠用 這種方式解釋自己做的事， 這種工作任務就叫做例行事務， 是可以被自動化的。 | en-zh-tw |
But if human beings can't explain themselves, the tasks are called non-routine, and they're thought to be out reach. | Mais si les êtres humains ne savent pas s’expliquer, les tâches sont des non routines et sont vues comme hors d’atteinte. | en-fr |
Today, that routine-nonroutine distinction is widespread. | Aujourd’hui, cette distinction entre routine et non routine est répandue. | en-fr |
Think how often you hear people say to you machines can only perform tasks that are predictable or repetitive, rules-based or well-defined. | Hãy nghĩ mọi người thường nói với bạn máy móc chỉ có thể thực hiện các tác vụ có thể dự đoán hoặc lặp lại, dựa trên quy tắc hoặc được xác định rõ. | en-vi |
Those are all just different words for routine. | كل هذا هو مجرد أوصاف مختلفة لمصطلح روتيني. | en-ar |
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