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So of course, science should be based on facts and logic.
Natürlich sollte Wissenschaft auf Fakten und Logik beruhen.
en-de
When I say we should use our emotions in science, I do not suggest we should use feelings instead of facts.
科学でも感情を利用するべきだというのは 事実の代わりに感情を使う ということではありません
en-ja
But I say we should not be afraid of using our feelings to implement and to catalyze fact-based science and innovation.
Але я кажу, що ми не повинні боятися використовувати наші почуття для реалізації і прискорення науки і інновацій, які ґрунтуються на фактах.
en-uk
Emotions and logic do not oppose each other.
Cảm xúc và lý trí không chống lại nhau.
en-vi
They complement each other, and they reinforce each other.
서로를 보완해 주고, 함께 발전하는 관계라는 것이죠.
en-ko
The feeling of being dedicated to something meaningful, of belonging to something bigger and of being empowered is crucial for creativity and innovation.
Anlamlı bir şeye duyulan bağlılık, daha büyük bir şeye hissedilen aitlik, yetkilendirilmek yaratıcılık ve inovasyon için çok önemli.
en-tr
Whatever you are working on, make sure that it matters, and take it to your heart as much as you like.
Над чем бы ты ни работал — убедись, что это важно, и не бойся испытывать к этому сильные чувства.
en-ru
I'm a bug lover, myself -- not from childhood, by the way, but rather late.
Ich liebe Käfer! Noch nicht als Kind sondern recht spät.
en-de
When I bachelored, majoring in zoology at Tel Aviv University, I kind of fell in love with bugs.
Quand j’ai eu mon diplôme, en me spécialisant en zoologie à l’Université de Tel Aviv, en quelque sorte je suis tombé amoureux des insectes.
en-fr
And then, within zoology, I took the course or the discipline of entomology, the science of insects.
Και μετά, μέσα στη ζωολογία, πήρα το μάθημα, ή την ενότητα, της εντομολογίας, της επιστήμης των εντόμων.
en-el
And then I thought to myself, how can I be practical or help in the science of entomology?
そして どうすればもっと実践的に 昆虫科学分野で活躍できるかを考えました
en-ja
And then I moved to the world of plant protection -- plant protection from insects, from bad bugs.
ومن ثم انتقلت الى عالم حماية النباتات -- حماية النباتات من الحشرات, من الحشرات الضارة.
en-ar
And then within plant protection, I came into the discipline of biological pest control, which we actually define as the use of living organisms to reduce populations of noxious plant pests.
植物保護において 私は生物学によるペストコントロールの 学問に出会いました 生物を 使い 植物の害虫を 減らすことです
en-ja
So it's a whole discipline in plant protection aimed at the reduction of chemicals.
Yani bu bitki koruma içinde kimyasalların kullanımını azaltmayı amaçlayan kapsamlı bir düzenlemedir.
en-tr
And biological pest control, by the way, or these "good bugs" that we are talking about, they've existed in the world for thousands and thousands of years, for a long, long time.
ところで 生物的ペストコントロールは ここで言う良い虫たちは 何千年もの長い 長い間 地球上で生きてきました
en-ja
But only in the last 120 years, people started, or people knew more and more how to exploit, or how to use, this biological control phenomenon, or in fact, natural control phenomenon, for their own needs.
Ale teprve posledních 120 let lidé začali, nebo lidé vědí více a více jak využít nebo použít tento fenomén biologické ochrany, nebo vlastně fenomén přírodní ochrany, ke svým potřebám.
en-cs
Because biological control phenomenon -- you can see it in your backyard.
因为生物抑制害虫法 它就存在于你的后院里面。
en-zh-cn
Just take a magnifying glass. You see what I have here?
Basta pegar uma lente de aumento. Vocês veem o que eu tenho aqui?
en-pt-br
That's a magnifier, times 10.
Dat is een x10 vergrootglas. Tien maal.
en-nl
You just open it, twist leaves, and you see a whole new world of minute insects, or little spiders of one millimeter, one-and-a-half, two millimeters long, and you can distinguish between the good ones and the bad ones.
Basta abri-la. Apenas torça as folhas e você verá todo um novo mundo de minúsculos insetos, ou de pequenas aranhas de um milímetro, um milímetro e meio, dois milímetros de comprimento, e você consegue distinguir entre os bons e os maus.
en-pt-br
So this phenomenon of natural control exists literally everywhere.
Donc ce phénomène de contrôle naturel existe littéralement partout.
en-fr
Here, in front of this building, I'm sure.
我敢肯定这栋建筑物的前面就有。 看看这些植物。
en-zh-cn
Just have a look at the plants.
Така че това е навсякъде,
en-bg
So it's everywhere, and we need to know how to exploit it.
и нам нужно знать, как это использовать.
en-ru
Well, let's go hand by hand and browse through just a few examples.
אז הבה ונלך יד ביד ונצפה בכמה דוגמאות.
en-he
What is a pest?
Qu’est ce qu’un insecte nuisible ?
en-fr
What damage does it actually inflict on the plant?
Hvad skade gør det på en plante?
en-da
And what is the natural enemy, the biological control agent, or the "good bug" that we're talking about?
E qual é o inimigo natural, o agente biologicamente controlado, ou o bom inseto, sobre o qual estamos falando? Em geral, falarei sobre
en-pt-br
In general, I'm going to talk about insects and spiders, or mites, let us call them.
des insectes et des araignées, ou des acariens, appelons les comme ça.
en-fr
Insects, those six-legged organisms and spiders or mites, the eight-legged organisms.
Насекомите -- тези шестокраки организми и паяците и акарите, осмокраките организми.
en-bg
Let's have a look at that.
Regardons un peu ceci.
en-fr
Here is a devastating pest, a spider mite, because it does a lot of webbing, like a spider.
これはハダニというやっかいな害虫で クモのように巣をかけます
en-ja
You see the mother in between, and two daughters, probably, on the left and right, and a single egg on the right-hand side.
Na środku widać matkę i dwie córki po lewej i prawej, i jajo po prawej stronie.
en-pl
And then you see what kind of damage it can inflict.
Ve ne tür bir hasar bırakacabileceğini görüyorsunuz.
en-tr
On your right-hand side, you can see a cucumber leaf, in the middle, a cotton leaf, and on the left, a tomato leaf with these little stipplings.
În partea dreaptă vedeți o frunză de castravete, și în mijloc, frunză de bumbac, iar în stânga o frunză de roșie cu aceste mici [neclar] frunzulițe,
en-ro
They can literally turn from green to white, because of the sucking, piercing mouth parts of those spiders.
這些蜘蛛利用尖嘴刺穿葉子， 吸食汁液之後， 讓這些葉子 由綠色轉變成白色。
en-zh-tw
But here comes nature, that provides us with a good spider.
Tady ale přichází příroda, která nám poskytuje dobré pavouky.
en-cs
This is a predatory mite -- just as small as a spider mite; one, two millimeters long, not more than that -- running quickly, hunting, chasing the spider mites.
זאת אקרית טורפת-- קטנה כמו אקרית הקורים, אגב, 1-2 מ"מ, לא יותר, רצה מהר, צדה, מבריחה את אקרית הקורים.
en-he
And here, you can see this lady in action on your left-hand side -- just pierces, sucks the body fluids on the left-hand side of the pest mite.
Hier kun je deze dame in actie zien aan de linkerkant -- ze doorboort en zuigt de lichaamssappen van de slechte mijt.
en-nl
And after five minutes, this is what you see: just a typical dead corpse -- the shriveled, sucked-out, dead corpse of the spider mite, and next to it, two satiated individuals, predatory mites, a mother on the left-hand side, a young nymph on the right-hand side.
ואחרי 5 דקות, זה מה שרואים, (מחיאות כפיים) גופה מתה אופיינית, מצומקת ומיובשת, גופה מתה של אקרית הקורים, ולצידה שני פרטים שבעים של אקרית טורפת, בצד שמאל - האם, ומימין - נימפה צעירה.
en-he
By the way, a meal for them for 24 hours, is about five of the spider mites, of the bad mites, and-or 15 to 20 eggs of the pest mites.
對了，對它們來說， 一天24小時的食物， 大概是5隻蜘蛛蟎，或是那些害蟲蟎， 或是 15 到 20 顆 害蟲蟎的蛋。
en-zh-tw
By the way, they are always hungry.
Между другото, те са винаги гладни.
en-bg
(Laughter) And here is another example: aphids.
(笑声) 这是另一个例子：蚜虫。
en-zh-cn
It's springtime now in Israel.
A propósito, agora em Israel é primavera.
en-pt
When temperatures rise sharply, you can see those bad ones, those aphids, all over the plants -- in your hibiscus, in your lantana, in the young, fresh foliage of the so-called spring flush.
והטמפרטורות עולות בחדות. רואים שהכנימות המזיקות מכסות את הצמחים, על ההיביסקוס, על הלנטנה, על העלווה הצעירה והרעננה של מה שקרוי הפריחה האביבית.
en-he
By the way, with aphids you have only females, like Amazons.
Bei Blattläusen gibt es nur Weibchen, wie bei den Amazonen.
en-de
Females giving rise to females, giving rise to other females.
Hembras que engendran hembras, que a su vez engendran otras hembras.
en-es
No males at all.
אין בכלל זכרים.
en-he
Parthenogenesis, as it's so called.
単性生殖という物です
en-ja
And they're very happy with that, apparently.
E elas estão muito felizes com isso, aparentemente.
en-pt-br
(Laughter) Here we can see the damage.
Aqui podemos ver os danos.
en-pt-br
Those aphids secrete a sticky, sugary liquid called honeydew, and this just clogs the upper parts of the plant.
Ces pucerons cachés un liquide collant, sucré qui s’appelle miellat, et qui englouti la partie haute de la plante.
en-fr
Here you see a typical cucumber leaf that turned from green to black because of a black fungus, sooty mold, which is covering it.
Aici puteți vedea o frunză obișnuită de castravete care a devenit din verde neagră din cauza unei ciuperci negre, fumagina, care o acoperă.
en-ro
And here comes the salvation, through this parasitic wasp.
En hier komt de verlossing met deze parasitische wesp.
en-nl
Here we are not talking about a predator.
W tym przypadku to nie drapieżnik,
en-pl
Here we are talking a parasite -- not a two-legged parasite, but an eight-legged parasite, of course.
Burada bir parazitten bahsediyoruz, iki bacaklı bir parazit değil, sekiz bacaklı bir parazit, elbette.
en-tr
This is a parasitic wasp, again, two millimeters long, slender, a very quick and sharp flier.
Αυτή είναι μία παρασιτική σφήκα, κι αυτή δύο χιλιοστά σε μήκος, λεπτή, που πετάει γρήγορα
en-el
And here you can see this parasite in action, like in an acrobatic maneuver.
и добър летец. И ето тук можете да видите този паразит в действие, например в още една акробатична маневра.
en-bg
She stands vis-à-vis in front of the victim at the right-hand side, bending its abdomen and inserting a single egg into the body fluids of the aphid.
它正面对面 从右手边直接挡在对手的面前， 弯起它的腹部 将一个蛋放进宿主体内， 一个蛋进入了 蚜虫的体液之中。
en-zh-cn
By the way, the aphid tries to escape.
Mszyca stara się uciec.
en-pl
She kicks and bites and secretes different liquids, but nothing will happen, in fact -- only the egg of the parasitoid will be inserted into the body fluids of the aphid.
Lovește din picioare și mușcă și secretă diferite lichide, dar de fapt nu se va întâmpla nimic. Numai oul parazitului va fi introdus în lichidele corporale ale afidei.
en-ro
And after a few days, depending upon temperature, the egg will hatch and the larva of this parasite will eat the aphid from the inside.
A za několik dní, což záleží na teplotě, se vajíčko vylíhne a larva parazita sežere mšici zevnitř.
en-cs
(Laughter) This is all natural. This is all natural.
Totul este natural. Totul este natural.
en-ro
This is not fiction, nothing at all.
決して作り話ではありません
en-ja
Again -- in your backyard. In your backyard.
Πάλι, στην αυλή σας, γίνεται στην αυλή σας.
en-el
(Laughter) (Applause) But this is the end result: mummies.
А вот конечный результат. Конечный результат: Мумии —
en-ru
This is the visual result of a dead aphid encompassing inside, a developing parasitoid that, after a few minutes, you see halfway out.
ミ・イ・ラです アブラムシの死体の映像です 内側までです 数分後に成長中の寄生蜂の 体半分が出てきます
en-ja
The birth is almost complete.
Nașterea este aproape completă.
en-ro
You can see, by the way, in different movies, etc., it takes just a few minutes.
على فكرة, يمكنك رؤية ذلك في افلام تبين هذه العملية بشكل واضح, الخ. التي تكون لدقائق قليلة.
en-ar
And if this is a female, she'll immediately mate with a male and off she goes, because time is very short.
그리고 만약 이 녀석이 암컷이라면, 바로 수컷을 찾아나섭니다. 시간이 무척 짧기 때문이지요.
en-ko
This female can live only three to four days, and she needs to give rise to around 400 eggs.
La femmina vive tre-quattro giorni, e deve poter deporre circa 400 uova.
en-it
That means she has 400 bad aphids to put her eggs into their body fluids.
Questo vuol dire che deve deporre le uova in 400 afidi.
en-it
This is, of course, not the end of it.
もちろんこれで終りではありません
en-ja
There is a whole wealth of other natural enemies and this is just the last example.
هنالك عالم كامل وغني من الأعداء الطبيعيون وهذا هو المثال الاخير.
en-ar
Again, we'll start first with the pest: the thrips.
مجددا, سوف نبدا مع الحيوان الضار (الآفة): حشرة تربس القطن.
en-ar
By the way, all these weird names -- I didn't bother you with the Latin names of these creatures, just the popular names.
Между другото, всичките тези странни имена -- няма да ви безпокоя с латинските имена на тези създания, добре, само популярните имена.
en-bg
But this is a nice, slender, very bad pest.
Это красивый, стройный, очень плохой вредитель.
en-ru
If you can see this: sweet peppers.
Bunu görebilirsiniz, tatlı biberler.
en-tr
This is not just an exotic, ornamental sweet pepper.
Nu este doar un ardei dulce exotic, de ornament,
en-ro
This is a sweet pepper which is not consumable because it is suffering from a viral disease transmitted by those thrip adults.
това е сладка чушка, която не се яде, защото страда от вирусна болест, предавана от тези възрастни трипси.
en-bg
And here comes the natural enemy, minute pirate bug -- "minute," because it is rather small.
E lá vem o seu inimigo natural, o minúsculo inseto pirata, "minúsculo" porque é muito pequeno.
en-pt
Here you can see the adult, black, and two young ones.
你可以看見那隻黑色的成蟲，還有兩隻幼蟲。
en-zh-tw
And again, in action.
И отново, в дейтствие.
en-bg
This adult pierces the thrips, sucking it within just several minutes, going to the other prey, continuing all over the place.
Die Ausgewachsene durchbohrt die Fliege, saugt sie ein paar Minuten lang aus, und geht zur nächsten Beute über, macht einfach überall weiter.
en-de
And if we spread those minute pirate bugs, the good ones, for example, in a sweet pepper plot, they go to the flowers.
E se noi spargiamo questi piccoli pirati, gli insetti utili, ad esempio su una coltivazione di peperoni dolci, essi si spostano sui fiori.
en-it
And look -- this flower is flooded with predatory bugs, with the good ones, after wiping out the bad ones, the thrips.
Lihatlah, bunga ini dibanjiri dengan kutu predator yang baik setelah melenyapkan hama yang jahat, kutu trip.
en-id
So this is a very positive situation.
Това между другото е много положителна ситуация.
en-bg
No harm to the developing fruit. No harm to the fruit set.
Няма вреда за развитието на плода. Няма вреда за плодовете.
en-bg
Everything is just fine under these circumstances.
この状況下ではなんの問題もありません
en-ja
But again, the question is, here you saw them on a one-to-one basis -- the pest, the natural enemy.
Ale znovu, otázka je, viděli jste jak to vypadá na nejnižším stupni -- škůdce a jeho přirozený nepřítel.
en-cs
What we do is actually this.
На самом деле, вот чем мы занимаемся.
en-ru
In Northeast Israel, in Kibbutz Sde Eliyahu, there is a facility that mass-produces those natural enemies.
في شمال شرق اسرائيل، في كيبوتس سديه إلياهو هناك مرفق التي تنتج بكميات كبيرة أولئك الأعداء الطبيعية.
en-ar
In other words, what we do there is amplify the natural control, or the biological control phenomenon.
つまり 自然なコントロール もしくは 生物的なコントロール現象を 拡張しているのです
en-ja
And in 30,000 square meters of state-of-the-art greenhouses, there, we are mass-producing those predatory mites, those minute pirate bugs, those parasitic wasps, etc.
و35000 متر مربع من دولة من أحدث الدفيئات الزراعية، هناك، نحن ننتج تلك العث المفترسة بشكل كتلوي، تلك الحشرات الدقيقة القراصنة، تلك الدبابير الطفيلية، الخ، الخ
en-ar
Many different parts.
Molte componenti diverse.
en-it
By the way, they have a very nice landscape -- you see the Jordanian Mountains on the one hand, and the Jordan Valley on the other hand, and a good, mild winter and a nice, hot summer, which is an excellent condition to mass-produce those creatures.
보시듯이 풍경이 아주 멋있습니다. 한쪽에는 요르단 산맥을 보실 수 있고 다른쪽에는 요단강 계곡이 있습니다. 온화한 겨울과 뜨거운 여름이 있어 곤충을 대량으로 양식하기에 최적의 조건입니다.
en-ko
And by the way, mass-production -- it is not genetic manipulation.
וייצור המוני, אגב, איננו התערבות גנטית.
en-he
There are no GMOs -- genetically modified organisms -- whatsoever.
Тут нет ГМО, генетически модифицированных организмов, никаких.
en-ru
We take them from nature, and the only thing that we do is give them the optimal conditions, under the greenhouses or in the climate rooms, in order to proliferate, multiply and reproduce.
自然から採取し 温室や 気候室に入れ 彼らが繁殖するのに 最適な状況を 提供してやります
en-ja
And that's what we get.
事实上，这也正是我们所得到的结果。
en-zh-cn