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Pollution, global warming, these things -- the consequences are distant in time and space. | Forurening, global opvarmning, disse ting -- konsekvenserne er langt ude i fremtiden. | en-da |
It's very hard to learn, to feel a lesson. | มันจึงยากมากที่จะเรียนรู้ ยากที่จะรู้สึกถึงบทเรียน | en-th |
But if you can model things for people, if you can give things to people that they can manipulate and play with and where the feedback comes, then they can learn a lesson, they can see, they can move on, they can understand. | ma se si possono modellare le cose attorno alle persone, se si danno delle cose alla gente, in modo che la gente stessa le possa controllare e ci possa giocare e capire da cosa è dovuto il feedback, allora si può imparare una lezione, si può vedere, si può andare avanti, può capire. | en-it |
And fifth, the element of uncertainty. | Quinta lezione: l'elemento di incertezza. | en-it |
Now this is the neurological goldmine, if you like, because a known reward excites people, but what really gets them going is the uncertain reward, the reward pitched at the right level of uncertainty, that they didn't quite know whether they were going to get it or not. | และนี่ก็เปรียบเสมือนกับขุมทองของระบบประสาท ถ้าชอบที่จะเปรียบมันอย่างนั้น เพราะการที่ได้รู้รางวัลที่จะได้รับ มันทำให้รู้สึกถึงความตื่นเต้น แต่สิ่งที่ทำให้พวกเขาก้าวเดินต่อไป ก็คือรางวัลจากความไม่แน่นอน รางวัลที่ให้บนระดับความไม่แน่นอนที่กำลังดี ที่พวกเขายังไม่แน่ใจว่าพวกเขาจะได้รับมันจริงๆ หรือไม่ | en-th |
The 25 percent. This lights the brain up. | Il 25%. Questo illumina il cervello. | en-it |
And if you think about using this in testing, in just introducing control elements of randomness in all forms of testing and training, you can transform the levels of people's engagement by tapping into this very powerful evolutionary mechanism. | และถ้าคุณลองคิดดู การใช้สิ่งนี้ในการทดสอบ ในการใช้การควบคุมองค์ประกอบของความไม่แน่นอนต่างๆ ในรูปแบบของการทดสอบ และการอบรม คุณสามารถเปลี่ยนแปลงระดับของความมีส่วนร่วมของผู้คนได้ ด้วยการเข้าไปสู่สิ่งที่ทรงพลังมากๆ ของ กลไกของการวิวัฒนาการนี้ | en-th |
When we don't quite predict something perfectly, we get really excited about it. | Когда мы не можем что-либо предугадать, нам становится действительно очень интересно. | en-ru |
We just want to go back and find out more. | We willen dan gewoon terug om er meer over te weten komen. | en-nl |
As you probably know, the neurotransmitter associated with learning is called dopamine. | 학습과 연관된 신경 전달 물질이 도파민이라는 것을 아마 아실 것입니다. | en-ko |
It's associated with reward-seeking behavior. | Está asociado con la búsqueda de recompensa. | en-es |
And something very exciting is just beginning to happen in places like the University of Bristol in the U.K., where we are beginning to be able to model mathematically dopamine levels in the brain. | E há coisas muito excitantes a acontecer, como na Universidade de Bristol no Reino Unido, onde estamos a conseguir modelar matematicamente os níveis de dopamina no cérebro. | en-pt |
And what this means is we can predict learning, we can predict enhanced engagement, these windows, these windows of time, in which the learning is taking place at an enhanced level. | To znači da možemo da predvidimo učenje, da predvidimo povećano angažovanje, te vremenske periode kada se učenje dešava na povišenom nivou. | en-sr |
And two things really flow from this. | Och det finns två saker som verkligen står ut från detta | en-sv |
The first has to do with memory, that we can find these moments. | Prva ima veze s pamćenjem, koje možemo pronaći u tim trenucima. | en-hr |
When someone is more likely to remember, we can give them a nugget in a window. | när någon har lättare att komma ihåg saker. Vi kan ge dem ett guldkorn vid ett visst tillfälle. | en-sv |
And the second thing is confidence, that we can see how game-playing and reward structures make people braver, make them more willing to take risks, more willing to take on difficulty, harder to discourage. | Druhou věcí je důvěra, že můžeme uvidět, jak hraní her a struktura odměn dělají lidi statečnějšími a více odhodlanými riskovat, či zvládat obtíže, je těžší je zastrašit. | en-cs |
This can all seem very sinister. | Ini kelihatannya sangat berbahaya. | en-id |
But you know, sort of "our brains have been manipulated; we're all addicts." | Una especie de "Manipulan nuestros cerebros, somos todos adictos". | en-es |
The word "addiction" is thrown around. | Слово зависимость сейчас по всюду. | en-ru |
There are real concerns there. | И есть о чём побеспокоиться. | en-ru |
But the biggest neurological turn-on for people is other people. | Mais le plus grand attrait neurologique pour les gens ce sont d'autres gens. | en-fr |
This is what really excites us. | To je ono što nas stvarno potiče. | en-hr |
In reward terms, it's not money; it's not being given cash -- that's nice -- it's doing stuff with our peers, watching us, collaborating with us. | V otázce odměn, nikoli peněz, nejde o dostávání peněz. To je sice pěkné, je to o práci s ostatními, sledování nás, spolupráci s námi. | en-cs |
And I want to tell you a quick story about 1999 -- a video game called EverQuest. | Jag vill berätta en kort historia från 1999, om ett TV-spel som hette EverQuest. | en-sv |
And in this video game, there were two really big dragons, and you had to team up to kill them -- 42 people, up to 42 to kill these big dragons. | Ebben a játékban volt két hatalmas sárkány, és össze kellett fogni, hogy megöljék őket -- akár 42 ember is megölhette ezeket a nagy sárkányokat. | en-hu |
That's a problem because they dropped two or three decent items. | Това си е проблем защото те пускаха два-три сносни предмета. | en-bg |
So players addressed this problem by spontaneously coming up with a system to motivate each other, fairly and transparently. | 所以玩家为了设法解决这个问题 自发地形成了一个系统 公平地，公开地 激励彼此 | en-zh-cn |
What happened was, they paid each other a virtual currency they called "dragon kill points." | Olan şey şuydu birbirlerine ejderha öldürme puanı dedikleri sanal para ödediler. | en-tr |
And every time you turned up to go on a mission, you got paid in dragon kill points. | И каждый раз, когда вам надо было отправляться на миссию, вы получали свои очки. | en-ru |
They tracked these on a separate website. | De holdte styr på dem på en anden hjemmeside. | en-da |
So they tracked their own private currency, and then players could bid afterwards for cool items they wanted -- all organized by the players themselves. | به این صورت آنها پول اختصاصی خودشان را پیگیری کردند، و بعد از آن بازیکنان می توانستند برای آیتم های با حالی که می خواستند، پیشنهاد قیمت بدهند -- همه توسط خود بازیکانان سازماندهی شد. | en-fa |
Now the staggering system, not just that this worked in EverQuest, but that today, a decade on, every single video game in the world with this kind of task uses a version of this system -- tens of millions of people. | Sekarang sistem yang mengejutkan ini tidak hanya digunakan di Everquest, tapi sekarang, sudah satu dekade, setiap video game di dunia ini dengan tugas seperti ini menggunakan salah satu versi sistem ini -- sepuluh juta orang. | en-id |
And the success rate is at close to 100 percent. | 成功率は ほぼ 100% です | en-ja |
This is a player-developed, self-enforcing, voluntary currency, and it's incredibly sophisticated player behavior. | Đây là một món tiền tệ tùy ý, tự dưỡng, do người chơi phát triển và nó là hành vi ứng xử vô cùng phức tạp của người chơi. | en-vi |
And I just want to end by suggesting a few ways in which these principles could fan out into the world. | Želim da završim predlažući nekoliko načina na koje ovi principi mogu da se prošire u svetu. | en-sr |
Let's start with business. | Počeću sa poslovanjem. | en-sr |
I mean, we're beginning to see some of the big problems around something like business are recycling and energy conservation. | Začínáme si všímat některých významných problémů okolo věcí jako je obchod, recyklace a úspora energie. | en-cs |
We're beginning to see the emergence of wonderful technologies like real-time energy meters. | Vi begynder at se fremkomsten af vidunderlige teknologier ligesom tidstro energimålere. | en-da |
And I just look at this, and I think, yes, we could take that so much further by allowing people to set targets by setting calibrated targets, by using elements of uncertainty, by using these multiple targets, by using a grand, underlying reward and incentive system, by setting people up to collaborate in terms of groups, in terms of streets to collaborate and compete, to use these very sophisticated group and motivational mechanics we see. | 私はそれを見て思いました これはもっと応用させられると 目標設定をさせる その目標を調整する 不確実性の要素を利用する 複数個ターゲットを設定する 報酬や内在するインセンティブシステムを使う 人材をグループ単位 区単位で協力 競争させ 先ほどお見せした 非常に洗練された集団や 動機付けの仕組みを活用するのです | en-ja |
In terms of education, perhaps most obviously of all, we can transform how we engage people. | 这在教育方面 大概显然是最有效的 就是我们可以改变和人共事的方式 | en-zh-cn |
We can offer people the grand continuity of experience and personal investment. | We kunnen mensen de grootse continuïteit aanbieden van ervaring en persoonlijke investering. | en-nl |
We can break things down into highly calibrated small tasks. | Lebonthatjuk a dolgokat pontosan kiszámított kisebb feladatokra. | en-hu |
We can use calculated randomness. | 계산된 무작위성을 이용할 수 있습니다. | en-ko |
We can reward effort consistently as everything fields together. | Možemo stalno nagrađivati napor kako se stvari uklapaju. | en-sr |
And we can use the kind of group behaviors that we see evolving when people are at play together, these really quite unprecedentedly complex cooperative mechanisms. | Ve insanların oyunda beraberken geliştirdiklerini gördüğümüz türden gerçekten tamamıyla benzersiz, karışık, işbirlikçi grup davranışını kullanabiliriz. | en-tr |
Government, well, one thing that comes to mind is the U.S. government, among others, is literally starting to pay people to lose weight. | Overheid, nou een ding dat in me opkomt is dat de overheid van de VS, onder andere, letterlijk is begonnen mensen te betalen om af te vallen. | en-nl |
So we're seeing financial reward being used to tackle the great issue of obesity. | Så vi ser att ekonomiska belöningar används för att ta itu med den stora frågan om fetma. | en-sv |
But again, those rewards could be calibrated so precisely if we were able to use the vast expertise of gaming systems to just jack up that appeal, to take the data, to take the observations, of millions of human hours and plow that feedback into increasing engagement. | Ale i tyto odměny by mohly být přesně kalibrovány, pokud bychom byli schopni užít té obrovské zkušenosti z herních systémů k zvládnutí této výzvy. Ke sběru dat, k pozorování milionů člověko-hodin a přeměnit tyto výstupy ve zvyšující se zapojení lidí. | en-cs |
And in the end, it's this word, "engagement," that I want to leave you with. | A na závěr je to právě to slovo "zapojení", které bych chtěl, aby ve vás zůstalo. | en-cs |
It's about how individual engagement can be transformed by the psychological and the neurological lessons we can learn from watching people that are playing games. | 这是关于如何用心理学和神经学的经验 来转换 个人的参与行为 我们可以从观察人的游戏中学习 | en-zh-cn |
But it's also about collective engagement and about the unprecedented laboratory for observing what makes people tick and work and play and engage on a grand scale in games. | Так же, как и коллективная заинтересованность. Задумайтесь о беспрецедентных лабораториях, в которых с размахом с помощью игр изучается то, что заставляет людей жить, работать, играть и интересоваться. | en-ru |
And if we can look at these things and learn from them and see how to turn them outwards, then I really think we have something quite revolutionary on our hands. | Og hvis vi kan se på disse ting og lære fra dem og se hvordan det skal drejes udefter, så tror jeg virkelig vi har noget ret revolutionerede i hænderne. | en-da |
So there are a few things that bring us humans together in the way that an election does. | Tak więc jest kilka rzeczy, które jednoczą nas tak jak wybory. | en-pl |
We stand in elections; we vote in elections; we observe elections. | Ci candidiamo, votiamo, osserviamo l'andamento delle elezioni. | en-it |
Our democracies rely on elections. | Nos démocraties reposent sur les élections. | en-fr |
We all understand why we have elections, and we all leave the house on the same day to go and vote. | Всички ние разбираме защо имаме избори, и всички ние излизаме от къщи в деня на изборите, за да отидем да гласуваме. | en-bg |
We cherish the opportunity to have our say, to help decide the future of the country. | Ülkenin geleceğine karar vermede söz sahibi olma fırsatının önemini biliyoruz. | en-tr |
The fundamental idea is that politicians are given mandate to speak for us, to make decisions on our behalf that affect us all. | 基本的なコンセプトは 我々の代表である政治家に 国民全員に関与する決定を下す― 権限を委任するというものです | en-ja |
Without that mandate, they would be corrupt. | E megbízatás nélkül korruptak lennének. | en-hu |
Well unfortunately, power corrupts, and so people will do lots of things to get power and to stay in power, including doing bad things to elections. | 不幸にも権力は堕落し 人々は権力の獲得 維持のためなら 選挙における不正行為を含む あらゆる手段を講じます | en-ja |
You see, even if the idea of the election is perfect, running a countrywide election is a big project, and big projects are messy. | Vidite, čak i da je ideja izbora savršena, voditi nacionalne izbore je veliki projekat, a veliki projekti su neuredni. | en-sr |
Whenever there is an election, it seems like something always goes wrong, someone tries to cheat, or something goes accidentally awry -- a ballot box goes missing here, chads are left hanging over here. | Όποτε έχουμε εκλογές, φαίνεται ότι πάντα κάτι γίνεται λάθος, κάποιος προσπαθεί να κλέψει, ή κάτι ατυχώς πάει στραβά -- κάποια κάλπη χάνεται, οι αυτοματισμοί στην ψηφοφορία δεν δουλεύουν σωστά. | en-el |
To make sure as few things as possible go wrong, we have all these procedures around the election. | Na zajištění co nejvyšší bezproblémovosti existuje ve volbách řada postupů. | en-cs |
So for example, you come to the polling station, and a poll station worker asks for your ID before giving you a ballot form and asking you to go into a voting booth to fill out your vote. | Například, když přijdete k volbám, tak než vám dá volební lístek, požádá vás člen volební komise, abyste mu ukázali občanku, a pak vás požádá, abyste šli za plentu a vyplnili svůj lístek. | en-cs |
When you come back out, you get to drop your vote into the ballot box where it mixes with all the other votes, so that no one knows how you voted. | Quando você volta, você deposita seu voto dentro da urna onde ele se mistura a todos os outros votos, assim ninguém sabe como você votou. | en-pt-br |
Well, what I want us to think about for a moment is what happens after that, after you drop your vote into the ballot box. | Ce à quoi j'aimerais que nous réfléchissions un instant, c'est ce qui arrive après ça, après avoir déposé votre bulletin dans l'urne. | en-fr-ca |
And most people would go home and feel sure that their vote has been counted, because they trust that the election system works. | A maioria das pessoas vai para casa e acredita que seu voto foi contado, porque eles acreditam que o sistema de votação funciona. | en-pt-br |
They trust that election workers and election observers do their jobs and do their jobs correctly. | 選挙運営側と監視側が彼らの 職務をきちんと行っていると信じているのです | en-ja |
The ballot boxes go to counting places. | Les urnes vont dans les lieux de comptage. | en-fr |
They're unsealed and the votes are poured out and laboriously counted. | Se les quita el precinto, se extraen los votos, y se cuentan laboriosamente. | en-es |
Most of us have to trust that that happens correctly for our own vote, and we all have to trust that that happens correctly for all the votes in the election. | Večina med nami mora zaupati, da se to zgodi pravilno za naš glas, in vsi moramo zaupati, da se to zgodi pravilno za vse glasove, oddane na volitvah. | en-sl |
So we have to trust a lot of people. | Nous devons donc faire confiance à beaucoup de gens. | en-fr-ca |
We have to trust a lot of procedures. | Zaupati moramo številnim postopkom. | en-sl |
And sometimes we even have to trust computers. | Și uneori trebuie să avem încredere în computere. | en-ro |
So imagine hundreds of millions of voters casting hundreds of millions of votes, all to be counted correctly and all the things that can possibly go wrong causing all these bad headlines, and you cannot help but feel exhausted at the idea of trying to make elections better. | Imaginați-vă sute de milioane de alegători cu sute de milioane de voturi, toate trebuind să fie numărate corect şi toate lucrurile care pot merge prost, ce generează toate aceste știri negative. Și nu poți decât să te simți epuizat de ideea de a încerca să faci alegerile mai bune. | en-ro |
Well in the face of all these bad headlines, researchers have taken a step back and thought about how we can do elections differently. | Nos, az ilyen botrányos hírek hatására a kutatók tettek egy lépést hátra, és végiggondolták, hogyan oldhatnák meg a választásokat másképp. | en-hu |
They've zoomed out and looked at the big picture. | Udaljili su se i uzeli u obzir čitavu sliku. | en-sr |
And the big picture is this: elections should be verifiable. | volby by měly být ověřitelné. | en-cs |
Voters should be able to check that their votes are counted correctly, without breaking election secrecy, which is so very important. | Väljare borde ha möjligheten och kolla att deras röster blivit korrekt räknade, utan att bryta valsekretessen, som är så väldigt viktig. | en-sv |
And that's the tough part. | 而且很難達成 | en-zh-tw |
How do we make an election system completely verifiable while keeping the votes absolutely secret? | Comment rend-on un système électoral complètement vérifiable, en gardant les votes parfaitement secrets ? | en-fr |
Well, the way we've come up with uses computers but doesn't depend on them. | Ами, начина, който ни хрумна използва компютри, но не зависи от тях. | en-bg |
And the secret is the ballot form. | Και το μυστικό είναι στο ψηφοδέλτιο. | en-el |
And if you look closely at these ballot forms, you'll notice that the candidate list is in a different order on each one. | Jos katsotte tarkkaan näitä äänestyslipukkeita, huomaatte, että ehdokaslista on eri järjestyksessä jokaisessa. | en-fi |
And that means, if you mark your choices on one of them and then remove the candidate list, I won't be able to tell from the bit remaining what your vote is for. | Questo significa che, se voi segnate la vostra preferenza su una di esse e poi eliminate la lista, io non sarò in grado di determinare sulla base della parte rimanente per chi avete votato. | en-it |
And on each ballot form there is this encrypted value in the form of this 2D barcode on the right. | Och på varje valsedel finns det här krypterade värdet i form av den här 2D-streckkoden till höger. | en-sv |
And there's some complicated cryptography going on in there, but what's not complicated is voting with one of these forms. | Det er en komplisert kryptering i denne koden her, men det som ikke er komplisert er å stemme med noen av disse skjemaene. | en-nb |
So we can let computers do all the complicated cryptography for us, and then we'll use the paper for verification. | Така че ние можем да оставим компютрите да направят цялото сложно криптографиране вместо нас, и после да използваме хартията за проверка. | en-bg |
So this is how you vote. | 好了，这就是你怎样投票： | en-zh-cn |
You get one of these ballot forms at random, and then you go into the voting booth, and you mark your choices, and you tear along a perforation. | אתם תקבלו טופס הצבעה אקראי, תיכנסו מאחורי הפרגוד, תסמנו את בחירתכם, ותתלשו את הספח לאורך הקו המנוקב. | en-he |
And you shred the candidate list. | Et vous détruisez la liste des candidats. | en-fr |
And the bit that remains, the one with your marks -- this is your encrypted vote. | Et le morceau restant, celui avec vos choix, constitue votre bulletin crypté. | en-fr-ca |
So you let a poll station worker scan your encrypted vote. | Nakon toga date radniku na izborima da skenira vaš šifrovan glas. | en-sr |
And because it's encrypted, it can be submitted, stored and counted centrally and displayed on a website for anyone to see, including you. | ובגלל שהוא מוצפן, אפשר למסור אותו, לשמור אותו, ולספור אותו במקום מרכזי ולהציג אותו באתר אינטרנט לעיני כל, ובפרט לעיניכם. | en-he |
So you take this encrypted vote home as your receipt. | حالا شما این رای رمزگذاری شده را بعنوان رسید به خانه می برید | en-fa |
And after the close of the election, you can check that your vote was counted by comparing your receipt to the vote on the website. | Ja äänestyksen päättymisen jälkeen voit tarkistaa, että äänesi on laskettu vertaamalla tositettasi ääneen, joka on asetettu esille internetiin. | en-fi |
And remember, the vote is encrypted from the moment you leave the voting booth, so if an election official wants to find out how you voted, they will not be able to. | И помните, что голос зашифрован с того момента, как вы покинули кабину для голосования, и даже если организаторы выборов захотят узнать, как вы проголосовали, они не смогут это сделать. | en-ru |
If the government wants to find out how you voted, they won't be able to. | Jeśli rząd będzie chciał sprawdzić jak głosowałeś, również nie będą w stanie. | en-pl |
No hacker can break in and find out how you voted. | Ni jedan haker ne može da provali i sazna kako ste glasali. | en-sr |
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