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years. Events By place Byzantine Empire June – Battle of Anchialus: Emperor Constantine V sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (800 ships and 9,600 cavalry) to Thrace, to defend the fortress city of Anchialus on the Black Sea Coast. Meanwhile, Telets, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, blocks the mountain passes and takes positions on the heights near Anchialus. During a desperate cavalry charge, the Bulgars are defeated and many are captured; Telets manages to escape. Constantine enters Constantinople in triumph, and kills all the prisoners. Europe August – Byzantine troops invade the Papal States, in alliance with King Desiderius of the Lombards. King	medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire June – Battle of Anchialus: Emperor Constantine V sends a Byzantine expeditionary force (800 ships and 9,600 cavalry) to Thrace, to defend the fortress city of Anchialus on the Black Sea Coast. Meanwhile, Telets, ruler (khagan) of the Bulgarian Empire, blocks the mountain passes and takes positions on the heights near Anchialus. During a desperate cavalry charge, the Bulgars are defeated and many are captured; Telets manages to escape. Constantine enters Constantinople in triumph, and kills all the prisoners. Europe August – Byzantine troops invade the Papal States, in alliance with King Desiderius of the Lombards. King Pepin III ("the Short") intervenes, and begins negotiations between the Lombards and Pope Paul I. Desiderius promises to end the hostilities, but on condition that Pepin sends back Lombard hostages held by the Franks. Britain Ciniod I succeeds Bridei V, as king of the Picts (modern Scotland). Abbasid Caliphate In
Emperor Junnin is deposed after a 6-year reign, and forced into exile. Former empress Kōken reassumes the imperial throne of Japan, and takes the name Shōtoku. She appoints her close associate, the priest Dōkyō, prime minister (taishi), running the government with him. Nakamaro is captured and killed with his wife and children. By topic Geography According to the historian Theophanes the Confessor, icebergs float past Constantinople from the Black Sea (approximate date). Religion Cancor, a Frankish count (possibly of Hesbaye), founds Lorsch Abbey (modern-day Germany). Births Abu Thawr, Muslim scholar (d. 854) Al-Hadi, Muslim caliph (d.	a leap year starting on Sunday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 764 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe Domenico Monegario is deposed, after Pope Paul I has demanded donations from Venice. Monegario is blinded and exiled, and succeeded by Maurizio Galbaio as the 7th doge of Venice. During his reign, Venetian wealth is increased via trade. Britain King Offa of Mercia conquers Kent, and brings an end to
a given section of land productive 2 years out of 3, instead of every other year (approximate date). Births Ali al-Ridha, Shī‘ah Imām and Muslim scholar (d. 818) Fastrada, Frankish queen consort (d. 794) Han Hong, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 823) Pei Du, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 839) Deaths September 27 – Pugu Huai'en, Chinese general during the Tang Dynasty Ceolwulf, king of Northumbria Domnall Midi, High King of Ireland Ealdwulf, bishop of Lindsey Eardwulf, king of Kent Flaithbertach mac Loingsig, High King of Ireland Fujiwara no Toyonari, Japanese politician (b. 704) Gao Shi, Chinese poet Gyeongdeok, king of Silla (Korea) Hemele, bishop of Lichfield Ja'far al-Sadiq, sixth Shī‘ah Imām and Muslim scholar (b. 702) Junnin, emperor of Japan (b. 733) Miao Jinqing,	the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe King Pepin III ("the Short") restores the papal privileges (see Donation of Pepin) in Benevento and Tuscany territory (and partially in Spoleto). The Annals of Tigernach tell of a shortage of bread in Ireland. Britain King Æthelwald of Northumbria is deposed at Pincanheale, possibly at a gathering of his own magnates. He is succeeded by Alhred, a distant cousin of the late king Oswulf. Abbasid Caliphate The Zenata Berber tribe of Banu Ifran rebels against the Abbasid Caliphate, and creates an independent
army (12,000 men) forces the Abbasids to retreat into Armenia. Sabin, ruler (khagan) of Bulgaria, flees to the Byzantine fortress city of Mesembria, from where he escapes to Constantinople. Constantine V arranges for the transfer of Sabin's family from Bulgaria. Abbasid Caliphate Baghdad nears completion as up to 100,000 labourers create a circular city about 1 or 2 km in diameter (depending on the source). In the center of the "Round City" is a palace built for Caliph al-Mansur. The capital is ringed by three lines of walls (approximate date). Asia The Karluks defeat the Turgesh Khaganate in Central Asia. Most of Turkestan (former Onoq territory) falls under Karluk rule, except west of Lake Aral, where the loose confederation of the Oghuz Turks is about to emerge. By topic Religion Summer – Patriarch Constantine II is deposed and jailed, after the discovery of Constantine Podopagouros' plot against Constantine V. Nicetas I is appointed patriarch of Constantinople. Metten Abbey, near the town of Deggendorf (Bavaria), is founded by Gamelbert of Michaelsbuch. Births Al-Fadl ibn Yahya	palace built for Caliph al-Mansur. The capital is ringed by three lines of walls (approximate date). Asia The Karluks defeat the Turgesh Khaganate in Central Asia. Most of Turkestan (former Onoq territory) falls under Karluk rule, except west of Lake Aral, where the loose confederation of the Oghuz Turks is about to emerge. By topic Religion Summer – Patriarch Constantine II is deposed and jailed, after the discovery of Constantine Podopagouros' plot against Constantine V. Nicetas I is appointed patriarch of Constantinople. Metten Abbey, near the town of Deggendorf (Bavaria), is founded by Gamelbert of Michaelsbuch. Births Al-Fadl ibn Yahya al-Barmaki, Muslim governor (d. 808) Ali al-Ridha, 8th Shia Imam (d. 818) Harun al-Rashid, Muslim caliph (or 763) Li Cheng, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty Zhang Ji, Chinese scholar and poet (approximate date) Deaths March 6 – Chrodegang, Frankish bishop August 25 Constantine Podopagouros, Byzantine official Strategios Podopagouros, Byzantine general Abdullah al-Aftah, Shī‘ah Imam and Muslim
Paul I dies at Rome after a 10-year reign, in which he has protested against Constantine V's revival of Iconoclasm at Constantinople. He gives refuge to Greek monks who were expelled from the Byzantine Empire, and moves the relics of many saints from the catacombs to Roman churches. Duke Toto of Nepi has his layman brother elected to succeed Paul, under the name Constantine II. Births September 15 – Saichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (d. 822) Bishr al-Hafi, Muslim theologian (approximate date) Ja'far ibn Yahya, Persian vizier (d. 803) Muhammad ibn Idris al-Shafi`i, Muslim imam (d. 820) Pepin the Hunchback, son of Charlemagne (approximate date) Deaths April 20 – Taichō, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 682) June 28 – Paul I, pope of the Catholic Church (b. 700) Abū Hanīfa, Muslim imam and scholar (b. 699) Aedh Ailghin, king of Uí Maine (Ireland) Constantine II, patriarch of Constantinople Ibn Ishaq, Muslim historian and hagiographer (or 761) Ibn Jurayj,	of Bordeaux, and devastate the whole region. Pepin III receives a Byzantine delegation at his court in Gentilly (southern suburbs of Paris). They discuss foreign policy regarding Italy, and Byzantine Iconoclasm. Africa The Kharijite Berbers of Tlemcen and Tiaret try to conquer Ifriqiya from the Abbasid Caliphate, but fail to capture the capital of Kairouan (modern Tunisia). By topic Religion June 28 – Pope Paul I dies at Rome after a 10-year reign, in which he has protested against Constantine V's revival of Iconoclasm at Constantinople. He gives refuge to Greek monks who were expelled from the Byzantine Empire, and moves the relics of many saints from the catacombs to Roman churches. Duke
brother Carloman I refuses to help his brother fight the rebels, and returns to Burgundy. Hunald, duke of Aquitaine, is forced to flee to the court of Gascony. Lupus II, fearing Charlemagne, turns Hunald over in exchange for peace, and is put in a monastery. Aquitaine and Gascony are subdued into the Frankish Kingdom. By topic Religion April 12–15 – Pope Stephen III summons a Lateran Council: the papal election procedure (abuse of which has led to the election of antipopes) is changed, and the iconoclasm of the Council of Hieria is anathematized. The Monastery of Tallaght is founded by Máel Ruain in Ireland.	against the Duchy of Aquitaine and the Duchy of Gascony. He leads a Frankish army to the city of Bordeaux, where he sets up a fort at Fronsac. His younger brother Carloman I refuses to help his brother fight the rebels, and returns to Burgundy. Hunald, duke of Aquitaine, is forced to flee to the court of Gascony. Lupus II, fearing Charlemagne, turns Hunald over in exchange for peace, and is put in a monastery. Aquitaine and Gascony are subdued into the Frankish Kingdom. By topic Religion April 12–15 – Pope Stephen III summons a Lateran Council: the papal election procedure (abuse of which has led to the election of antipopes) is changed, and the iconoclasm of the Council of Hieria is anathematized. The Monastery of Tallaght is founded by Máel Ruain in Ireland. The monastery becomes a centre of learning and piety, particularly associated with the Céli Dé
883 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 130 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire A law is passed in Rome banning the execution of slaves without a trial. The Temple of Olympian Zeus is completed at Athens. Emperor Hadrian visits the cities Petra and Gerasa (Jerash). A Triumphal Arch for Hadrian is built in Gerasa. Construction begins on Canopus, Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy. Asia Huviska becomes king of the Kushan Empire in India. The Scythian king Rudradaman I reconquers, from the Andhra, the lands annexed by Gautamiputra. By topic Arts and sciences Claudius Ptolemaeus tabulates angles of refraction for several media. The Antinous Mondragone is sculpted. c. 130–138 – Hadrian Hunting Boar and Sacrificing to	Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire A law is passed in Rome banning the execution of slaves without a trial. The Temple of Olympian Zeus is completed at Athens. Emperor Hadrian visits the cities Petra and Gerasa (Jerash). A Triumphal Arch for Hadrian is built in Gerasa. Construction begins on Canopus, Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy. Asia Huviska becomes king of the Kushan Empire in India. The Scythian king Rudradaman I reconquers, from the Andhra, the lands annexed by Gautamiputra. By topic Arts and sciences Claudius Ptolemaeus tabulates angles of refraction for several media. The Antinous Mondragone is sculpted. c. 130–138 – Hadrian Hunting Boar and Sacrificing to Apollo, sculptural reliefs on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, are made.
Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status, and attains the second order of the state. Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate. By topic Religion The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of	according to a very strict hierarchy. Under the reorganization, the Roman Senate is excluded from controlling the business of state. Hadrian restores the monarchist policy of Claudius and Domitian. The equestrian order is given full legal status, and attains the second order of the state. Italy is divided into legal districts managed by consuls, a direct blow to the power and prestige of the Senate. By topic Religion The Edict of Hadrian prohibits the practice of circumcision. Additionally, Hadrian prohibits public reading of the Torah under penalty of death, as well
to Caesarea. The Jews enter the city, and re-establish their system of sacrifices. They strike coins to celebrate their independence, which will last for only 30 months. Legio XXII Deiotariana, which advanced from Egypt, is completely destroyed. Merchants in Britain build structures outside the forts of Hadrian's Wall, and offer goods and services (including brothels) to Roman soldiers, who receive salaries in a region that otherwise has virtually no ready money. Construction begins on the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome (known today as Castel Sant'Angelo). Asia Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han Dynasty. By topic Art and Science Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invents the first seismometer for determining the exact cardinal direction of earthquakes hundreds of miles away; the device employs a series of complex gears around a central swinging pendulum. Births Cai Yong, Chinese calligrapher and musician (d. 192) Han Huandi, emperor of the Han Dynasty (d.	Britain build structures outside the forts of Hadrian's Wall, and offer goods and services (including brothels) to Roman soldiers, who receive salaries in a region that otherwise has virtually no ready money. Construction begins on the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome (known today as Castel Sant'Angelo). Asia Change of era name from Yongjian (7th year) to Yangjia of the Chinese Han Dynasty. By topic Art and Science Chinese scientist Zhang Heng invents the first seismometer for determining the exact cardinal direction of earthquakes hundreds of miles away; the device employs a series of complex gears around a central swinging pendulum. Births Cai Yong,
frequently, year 886 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 133 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Bar Kokhba Revolt: Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Britain, is sent to Judea (in 136 renamed Syria Palaestina) to quell	By place Roman Empire Bar Kokhba Revolt: Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of Britain, is sent to Judea (in 136 renamed Syria Palaestina) to quell the revolt. Jewish rebels, led by Simon bar Kokhba and Eleazar, cut off the vital supply lines and Roman garrisons in Palestine. Despite Roman reinforcements from Syria and Egypt, they establish an independent state in Judea. Births January 30 – Didius Julianus, Roman emperor (according to Cassius Dio) (d. 193) Athenagoras of Athens, Greek Christian apologist (d. 190) Bian
134 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire A law improving the lot of free workers is passed in Rome. Arrianus, Roman governor of Cappadocia, repulses an attack of the Alani, a nomadic tribe from southeastern Russia. Summer – Sextus Julius Severus, Roman governor of	the mountains. The Romans retake Jerusalem. The largely-destroyed city is renamed Aelia Capitolina. Asia Ilseong becomes ruler of the Korean kingdom of Silla. By topic Architecture Hadrian's Villa in Tivoli, Italy is completed. Births Dong Zhuo, Chinese general and warlord (d. 192) Marcus Macrinius Avitus Catonius Vindex, Roman politician (d. 176) Deaths Jima of Silla (or Jima Isageum), Korean ruler of Silla
full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Lupercus and Atilianus (or, less frequently, year 888 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 135 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events <onlyinclude> By place Roman Empire A Jewish diaspora begins, as Emperor Hadrian bars Jews from Jerusalem, and has survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many join Mediterranean ports. Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilds the legionary fortress in the city, and constructs a Roman	this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events <onlyinclude> By place Roman Empire A Jewish diaspora begins, as Emperor Hadrian bars Jews from Jerusalem, and has survivors of the massacre dispersed across the Roman Empire. Many join Mediterranean ports. Jerusalem is renamed Colonia Aelia Capitolina, in honor of Hadrian. Legio VI Ferrata rebuilds the legionary fortress in the city, and constructs a Roman temple at Golgotha. An altar to Jupiter is erected, on the site of the Temple in Jerusalem. Canopus, Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished. Alans threaten Cappadocia; they are repulsed by Arrian.
this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The war against the Suebi begins (they will be defeated by Tiberius Haterius Nepos Atinas, Roman governor of Pannonia, in 138). Emperor Hadrian chases the Jews from Galilee, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis. The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina, the name Palestine as a designation for this land was used since at least 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus).	was known as the Year of the Consulship of Commodus and Civica (or, less frequently, year 889 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 136 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The war against the Suebi begins (they will be defeated by Tiberius Haterius Nepos Atinas, Roman governor of Pannonia, in 138). Emperor Hadrian chases the Jews from Galilee, and receives a triumphal arch near Scythopolis. The Roman province of Iudaea (plus Galilee) becomes Syria Palaestina, the name Palestine as a designation for this land was used since at least 5th century BC (mentioned by Herodotus). Hadrian
Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Caesar and Balbinus (or, less frequently, year 890 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 137 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when	137 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Tax laws are passed for trade in Palmyra.
as Roman Emperor, and asks the Senate to confer divine honors for Hadrian. Construction begins on the Theater of Philadelphia (Amman). Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished. By topic Commerce The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under Emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under Hadrian. Births Han Zhidi, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. 146) Marcus Ummidius Quadratus, Roman politician (d. 182) Deaths January	asks the Senate to confer divine honors for Hadrian. Construction begins on the Theater of Philadelphia (Amman). Hadrian's Villa, Tivoli, Italy, is finished. By topic Commerce The silver content of the Roman denarius falls to 75 percent under Emperor Antoninus Pius, down from 87 percent under Hadrian. Births Han Zhidi, Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty (d. 146) Marcus Ummidius Quadratus, Roman politician (d. 182) Deaths January 1 – Lucius Aelius Caesar, Roman politician and adopted son of Hadrian (b. 101) July 10 – Hadrian, Roman emperor (b. AD 76) Zenobius, Greek sophist and writer (b. 117)
(link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, in Western civilization, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Praesens (or, less frequently, year 892 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 139 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Tomb of Hadrian in Rome is completed; Emperor Antoninus Pius cremates the body of Hadrian, and places his ashes, together with that	Year 139 (CXXXIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, in Western civilization, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Praesens (or, less frequently, year 892 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 139 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Tomb of Hadrian in Rome is completed; Emperor Antoninus Pius cremates the body of Hadrian, and places his ashes,
Virgil, Roman poet (d. 19 BC) Cleopatra VII, queen of Egypt (d. 30 BC) Crinagoras, Greek epigrammatist (d. 18 BC) Gaius Maecenas, Roman politician (d. 8 BC) Deaths Mithridates I, king of Commagene Sanatruces (or Sanatruk), king of	of the Consulship of Pompeius and Crassus (or, less frequently, year 684 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 70 BC for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe
display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Hadrianus and Caesar (or, less frequently, year 893 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 140 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls. Antoninus Pius recognizes the king of the Quadi, who becomes an ally of Rome. King Mithridates IV dies; Vologases III claims the throne and extends his rule throughout the	the Consulship of Hadrianus and Caesar (or, less frequently, year 893 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 140 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls. Antoninus Pius recognizes the king of the Quadi, who becomes an ally of Rome. King Mithridates IV dies; Vologases III claims the throne and extends his rule throughout the Parthian Empire. The export of olive oil from Hispania Baetica to Rome peaks. By topic Religion Pope Pius I succeeds
Han Dynasty. The 141 Lycia earthquake affects most of the Roman provinces of Lycia and Caria and the islands of Rhodes, Kos, Simi and Serifos. It triggers a severe tsunami, which causes major inundation. By topic Religion Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Felix of Byzantium to Polycarpus II of Byzantium. Arts and Science 6th recorded perihelion passage of Halley's Comet. Births Cheng Yu, Chinese politician and court advisor (d. 220)	full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Severus and Stloga (or, less frequently, year 894 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 141 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire The Temple of Antoninus and Faustina is constructed in
denomination 142 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor Antoninus Pius orders the construction of the Antonine Wall. The wall stretches 39 miles (63 km), from Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde, to Carriden near Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth (Scotland). The Romans build 19 forts and smaller fortlets (milecastles), to protect the border against the Caledonians. Municipal doctors are named throughout	Emperor Antoninus Pius orders the construction of the Antonine Wall. The wall stretches 39 miles (63 km), from Old Kilpatrick in West Dunbartonshire on the Firth of Clyde, to Carriden near Bo'ness on the Firth of Forth (Scotland). The Romans build 19 forts and smaller fortlets (milecastles), to protect the border against the Caledonians. Municipal doctors are named throughout the Roman Empire. Asia First year of the Hanan era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. The Chinese Taoist alchemist Wei Boyang, author of the Kinship of the Three, is
Pius serves as Roman Consul. A revolt of the Brigantes tribe in Britannia is suppressed by Quintus Lollius Urbicus. By topic Medicine The Roman doctor Antyllus performs the first arteriotomy. Births Athenais, Roman noblewoman (d. 161)	calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Torquatus and Hipparchus (or, less frequently, year 896 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 143 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Antoninus
Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become Roman Consuls. The Roman campaigns in Mauretania begin. Asia Change of era name from Hanan (3rd year) to Jiankang era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. Change of emperor from Han Shundi to Han Chongdi of the Han Dynasty. Reign of Huvishka, emperor of the Kushan Empire. By topic Religion Change of Patriarch of Constantinople from Polycarpus II to Athendodorus (until 148). Marcion of Sinope	this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Lucius Hedius Rufus Lollianus Avitus and Titus Statilius Maximus become Roman Consuls. The Roman campaigns in Mauretania begin. Asia Change of era name from Hanan (3rd year) to Jiankang era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. Change of emperor from Han Shundi to Han Chongdi
year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls. Marcus	year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Antoninus Augustus Pius and Marcus Aurelius Caesar become Roman Consuls. Marcus Aurelius marries Faustina the Younger,
Year 146 (CXLVI) was a common year starting on Friday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Clarus and Severus (or, less frequently, year 899	method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Faustina the Younger is given the title Augusta, and becomes Roman Empress. Marcus Aurelius receives the imperium proconsular. Asia Change of era name from Yongxi (1st year) to Benchu era of the Chinese Han Dynasty. Han Zhidi succeeds Han Huandi, as emperor of the Chinese Han
was known as the Year of the Consulship of Messalinus and Largus (or, less frequently, year 900 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 147 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Marcus Aurelius receives imperial powers, from Emperor Antoninus Pius. Festivals to celebrate the 900th anniversary of the founding of Rome begin. King Vologases III dies after a 42-year reign, in which he has contended successfully with his	begin. King Vologases III dies after a 42-year reign, in which he has contended successfully with his rivals. King Vologases IV, son of Mithridates IV of Parthia, unites under his rule the Parthian Empire. Asia First year of Jianhe of the Chinese Han Dynasty. Births Annia Galeria Aurelia Faustina, daughter of Marcus Aurelius (approximate date) Jia Xu (or Wenhe),
of the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Cornelius and Calpernius (or, less frequently, year 901 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 148 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the	and Calpernius (or, less frequently, year 901 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 148 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Roman Empire Emperor
the Julian calendar. At the time, it was known as the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Priscus (or, less frequently, year 902	the Year of the Consulship of Scipio and Priscus (or, less frequently, year 902 Ab urbe condita). The denomination 149 for this year has been used since
Northumbria takes an interest in continental missionary activities, and sends Willehad to Frisia in modern-day Netherlands (approximate date). Abbasid Caliphate Caliph al-Mansur orders the closing of the Canal of the Pharaohs (Egypt). The only remaining land routes to transship camel caravans' goods are from Alexandria to ports on the Red Sea, or the northern Byzantine termini of the Silk Road. Asia August 28 – Empress Kōken (also Shōtoku) of Japan dies. Births Ansegisus, Frankish abbot (approximate date) Jayavarman II, founder of the Khmer Empire (d. 835) Michael I, emperor of the Byzantine Empire (d.	Year 770 (DCCLXX) was a common year starting on Monday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 770 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events <onlyinclude> By place Europe King Charlemagne signs a peace treaty with Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria, and marries the Lombard princess Desiderata (daughter of King Desiderius). He travels to the Lombard court at Pavia to conclude arrangements. Pope Stephen III opposes the marriage, and protests about a
poorly stocked with food. King Desiderius remains in the capital, and orders his son Adalgis to defend Verona to guard Gerberga, and the children of Carloman I. After a short siege, Adalgis flees to Constantinople, where he is received by Emperor Constantine V. Meanwhile, the Franks capture the cities of Verona and Mortara. Saxon Wars: Saxon forces seize upon Charlemagne's preoccupation with Italy to retake Eresburg and Syburg (near Dortmund). They unsuccessfully attack the episcopal centre of Büraburg, which had been established by St. Boniface (see 723). Britain King Alhred of Northumbria makes overtures of friendship toward Charlemagne (approximate date). Abbasid Caliphate The number 0 is introduced to the city of Baghdad, which will be	of the mountains in the Susa Valley (Northern Italy), the Franks are hindered by Lombard fortifications. After scouting, Charlemagne attacks the defenders from the flank, and forces the Lombards to flee to the fortified capital Pavia. Siege of Pavia: Charlemagne besieges Pavia, which is poorly stocked with food. King Desiderius remains in the capital, and orders his son Adalgis to defend Verona to guard Gerberga, and the children of Carloman I. After a short siege, Adalgis flees to Constantinople, where he is received by Emperor Constantine V. Meanwhile, the Franks capture the cities of Verona and Mortara. Saxon Wars: Saxon forces seize upon Charlemagne's preoccupation with Italy to retake Eresburg and Syburg (near Dortmund). They unsuccessfully attack the episcopal centre of Büraburg, which had been established by St. Boniface (see 723). Britain King Alhred of Northumbria makes overtures of friendship toward Charlemagne (approximate date). Abbasid Caliphate The number 0 is introduced to the city of Baghdad, which will be developed in the Middle East by Arabian mathematicians, who will base their numbers on the Indian system (long after the Maya culture developed the concept, cf. Maya numerals). Asia King Khongtekcha of Manipur (modern India) dies after a 10-year reign; during his rule the Meitei language script first appears. By topic
at a place called Braunsberg, where the Saxons stand for battle, but are defeated when Frankish troops cross the river. Westphalian Saxons, probably commanded by Widukind, cross the Weser and fight an inconclusive battle at Hlidbeck (modern-day Lübbecke). Charlemagne claims victory, but perhaps in reality suffers a setback. He reunites his forces and inflicts a real defeat upon the Saxons, seizing considerable booty and taking hostages, though Widukind escapes. Autumn – Charlemagne retakes the Hellweg (main corridor) along the Lippe Valley, establishing communications between Austrasia, Hesse and Thuringia. It is used as a trade route under Frankish supervision. The German city of Giessen (Hesse) is founded. Africa Andalusian merchants set up an emporium (trade settlement) on the Maghreb coast at Ténès (modern Algeria). It is early evidence of the revival of the maritime trade in the Western Mediterranean, after the chaos of the early 8th century. Arabian Empire April 25 – Battle of Bagrevand: The Abbasids put an end to an Armenian rebellion. Muslim control over Transcaucasia is solidified, while several major Armenian nakharar families, notably the Mamikonian, lose power and flee to the Byzantine Empire. Caliph al-Mansur dies after a 21-year reign, in which he has made Baghdad the residence of the Abbasid Caliphate. He is succeeded by his son al-Mahdi. At around this time, Baghdad becomes the largest city in the world, taking the lead from Chang'an, capital of China. Asia Tibet subdues her Himalayan neighbors, and concludes a boundary agreement with the Chinese Tang dynasty (approximate date). King Dharmapala begins his reign of Bengal (South Asia). By topic Astronomy A 1.2% growth of carbon-14 concentration recorded in tree rings suggests that a very strong solar storm may have hit Earth, in either 774 or 775.	By place Byzantine Empire September 14 – Emperor Constantine V dies while on a campaign in Bulgaria. In his 34-year reign he has suppressed monasticism and image worship, restored aqueducts, revived commerce, and repopulated Constantinople. He is succeeded by his 25-year-old son Leo IV ("the Khazar"), who continues Constantine's campaigns against the Bulgars and Muslim Arabs. Europe Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne holds a major assembly at Quierzy (Northern France). He leads a Frankish army into Saxony to retake the castrum of Syburg (near Dortmund), then rebuilds and garrisons fortified Eresburg. He reaches the Weser at a place called Braunsberg, where the Saxons stand for battle, but are defeated when Frankish troops cross the river. Westphalian Saxons, probably commanded by Widukind, cross the Weser and fight an inconclusive battle at Hlidbeck (modern-day Lübbecke). Charlemagne claims victory, but perhaps in reality suffers a setback. He reunites his forces and inflicts a
Desiderius. Frankish counts are placed in the cities of Friuli. Saxon Wars: The Saxons again revolt against Christianity and Frankish rule. Eresburg falls, but a Saxon assault upon the castle of Syburg (near Dortmund) fails. Charlemagne hurriedly returns from Italy, launching a counter-offensive which defeats the Saxons. Most of their leaders are summoned to the Lippe at the town of Bad Lippspringe (North Rhine-Westphalia), to submit formally to Charlemagne. Britain Battle of Otford: King Egbert II of Kent defeats the Mercians under King Offa (near Otford), and re-asserts himself as ruler of Kent. Births February – Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (d. 868) date unknown – Lu Sui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 835) probable Saint George the Standard-Bearer, archbishop (d. 821) Bai Xingjian, Chinese poet and writer (d. 826) Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 777) Tahir ibn Husayn, Muslim governor (or 775) Deaths date unknown Cellach mac Dúnchada, king of Leinster (Ireland) Cináed Ciarrge mac Cathussaig, Dál nAraide king Flaithniadh mac Congal, abbot of Clonfert Hrodgaud, duke of Friuli (Italy) Humayd ibn Qahtaba, Muslim military	Italy, launching a counter-offensive which defeats the Saxons. Most of their leaders are summoned to the Lippe at the town of Bad Lippspringe (North Rhine-Westphalia), to submit formally to Charlemagne. Britain Battle of Otford: King Egbert II of Kent defeats the Mercians under King Offa (near Otford), and re-asserts himself as ruler of Kent. Births February – Al-Jahiz, Afro-Muslim scholar and writer (d. 868) date unknown – Lu Sui, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (d. 835) probable Saint George the Standard-Bearer, archbishop (d. 821) Bai Xingjian, Chinese poet and writer (d. 826) Sahnun ibn Sa'id, Muslim jurist (or 777) Tahir ibn Husayn, Muslim governor (or 775) Deaths date unknown Cellach mac Dúnchada, king of Leinster (Ireland) Cináed Ciarrge mac Cathussaig, Dál nAraide king Flaithniadh mac Congal, abbot of Clonfert Hrodgaud, duke of Friuli
King Charlemagne spends Easter in Nijmegen, and leads a large Frankish army to Paderborn, where a general assembly of Carolingian and Saxon leaders has been summoned. Saxon lands are integrated into the Frankish Kingdom, and divided into missionary parishes. Duke Widukind and his followers flee to King Sigfred of Denmark, seeking refuge and support. Abbasid–Carolingian alliance: Charlemagne receives a request for support from pro-Abbasid rulers in the eastern thughur, or military frontier zone of the Emirate of	Denmark, seeking refuge and support. Abbasid–Carolingian alliance: Charlemagne receives a request for support from pro-Abbasid rulers in the eastern thughur, or military frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba. Several powerful officials and noblemen in northeastern Iberia, such as the governors of Barcelona and Zaragoza, seek to rise up against the Umayyad emir Abd al-Rahman I. Africa Abd al-Rahman ibn Rustam is recognized as imam of the Ibadis, in Maghreb (western North Africa). By topic Religion Duke Tassilo III of Bavaria founds Kremsmünster Abbey (modern Austria). During this period, the Tassilo Chalice is possibly donated by
has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire Arab–Byzantine War: Emperor Leo IV ("the Khazar") repulses an Abbasid invasion in Anatolia. A Byzantine expeditionary force under Michael Lachanodrakon, military governor (strategos) of the Thracesian Theme, defeats the Muslim-Arabs at the fortress city of Germanikeia in Cilicia (modern Turkey). He plunders the region and takes many captives, mostly Jacobites, who are resettled in Thrace. Europe A Frankish army (supported by Burgundians, Bavarians, Bretons, Lombards, and Visigoths) under King Charlemagne invades Al-Andalus (modern Spain), and conquers the cities of Pamplona and Barcelona. However, the Franks are halted at Zaragoza, in the thughur or frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba. During the retreat, Charlemagne is defeated by the Basques at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Pyrenees; August 15). Among those killed is Roland, governor of the Breton March, who will be immortalized in the 11th century epic The Song of Roland. This marks the beginning of medieval French literature. Saxon Wars: Widukind and his close followers return to Saxony from Denmark. He probably makes alliances with the Danes and the north-western Slav tribes. Saxon rebels destroy the fortress of Karlsburg and sack Deutz (near Cologne), but are unable to cross the Rhine. They are driven back by the garrison of Koblenz, but then ambush and	Lombards, and Visigoths) under King Charlemagne invades Al-Andalus (modern Spain), and conquers the cities of Pamplona and Barcelona. However, the Franks are halted at Zaragoza, in the thughur or frontier zone of the Emirate of Córdoba. During the retreat, Charlemagne is defeated by the Basques at the Battle of Roncevaux Pass (Pyrenees; August 15). Among those killed is Roland, governor of the Breton March, who will be immortalized in the 11th century epic The Song of Roland. This marks the beginning of medieval French literature. Saxon Wars: Widukind and his close followers return to Saxony from Denmark. He probably makes alliances with the Danes and the north-western Slav tribes. Saxon rebels destroy the fortress of Karlsburg and sack Deutz (near Cologne), but are unable to cross the Rhine. They are driven back by the garrison of Koblenz, but then ambush and defeat the Frankish pursuers. Counter-attacking Frankish forces pursue the Saxons up the Lahn Valley, and defeat them near Leisa. Britain Unrest in Northumbria leads to King Æthelred I ordering the execution of three of his dukes. This considerably weakens his position (approximate date). By topic Religion Saxon raiders destroy many churches deep in Frankish territory. The Benedictine monks of Fulda Abbey (modern-day Hesse) hurriedly carry the relics
Mercia defeats his rival Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington (modern-day Oxfordshire). He seizes control of Berkshire, and probably London as well. According to sources of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Offa becomes "King of All England". Charlemagne writes a letter to him as "his dearest brother", but when Offa refuses to let one of Charlemagne's sons marry one of his daughters, Charlemagne threatens to close the ports to English traders. Asia June 12 - In China, De Zong (personal name Li Kuo) succeeds his father Dai Zong, as emperor of the Tang Dynasty. March, days unknown - In Silla, mag. 6.7~7.0 earthquake with the maximum speculated intensity of IX in Gyeongju City. More than 100 people died by this earthquake. Births Agobard, archbishop of Lyon (approximate date) Ibrahim ibn al-Mahdi, Muslim prince (d. 839) Jia Dao, Chinese poet and Buddhist monk (d. 843) Yuan Zhen, politician of the	Ohre rivers into Eastphalian territory, where local leaders submit to Frankish rule and hand over hostages. Widukind remains in northern Saxony, and relies on guerrilla warfare. Britain Battle of Bensington: King Offa of Mercia defeats his rival Cynewulf of Wessex at Bensington (modern-day Oxfordshire). He seizes control of Berkshire, and probably London as well. According to sources of the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle Offa becomes "King of All England". Charlemagne writes a letter to him as "his dearest brother", but when Offa refuses to let one of Charlemagne's sons marry one of his daughters, Charlemagne threatens to close the ports to English traders. Asia June 12 - In China, De Zong (personal name Li Kuo) succeeds his father Dai Zong, as emperor
was a leap year starting on Saturday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 780 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire September 8 - Emperor Leo IV ("the Khazar") dies after a 5-year reign, in which he has been dominated by his wife Irene of Athens, an iconodule. He is succeeded by his 9-year-old son Constantine VI; due to his minority, Irene and her chief minister Staurakios exercise a regency over him. Europe Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne decrees the death penalty for any subdued Saxon refusing Christian baptism. Meanwhile Widukind builds up rebel strength in northern Saxony. The city of Osnabrück, developed as a marketplace, is founded by Charlemagne (approximate date). Britain The city of Aldwych rises as an important trading centre in London, under Mercian	(approximate date). Asia King Hyegong of Silla is killed in a revolt, terminating the kingly line of succession of former ruler Muyeol. He is the architect of Silla's unification of the Korean Peninsula (see 668). By topic Religion Borobudur, a Buddhist temple complex in Magelang (modern Indonesia), is begun (approximate date). Births Ahmad ibn Hanbal, Muslim scholar and theologian (d. 855) Frederick of Utrecht, Frisian bishop (approximate date) Guifeng Zongmi, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 841) Hugh of Tours, Frankish nobleman (approximate date) Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Ḵwārizmī, Persian mathematician (approximate date) Rabanus Maurus, archbishop of Mainz (approximate date) Yunyan Tansheng, Chinese Buddhist monk (d. 841) Deaths c. June 24 – Kume no Wakame, Japanese noblewoman August 19 – Credan, English abbot and saint September 8 – Leo IV, Byzantine emperor (b. 750) Dunchadh ua Daimhine, king of Uí Maine
been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe King Charlemagne has his son Carloman (renamed Pepin) anointed "King of Italy", and he is crowned by Pope Adrian I with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His younger brother Charles I is anointed king of Aquitaine, and Louis the Pious (only 3-years old) is appointed sub-king of Italy and Aquitaine, following the conversion of Aquitaine from a Duchy to a sub-kingdom. Charlemagne meets Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, in Italy, and invites him to Aachen, where he becomes Charlemagne's chief adviser on religious and educational matters (approximate date). The Frankish currency called the livre carolingienne is minted for the first time (approximate date). Asia Yang Yan, Chinese statesman, commits suicide after being accused of bribery and corruption. He is credited	Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe King Charlemagne has his son Carloman (renamed Pepin) anointed "King of Italy", and he is crowned by Pope Adrian I with the Iron Crown of Lombardy. His younger brother Charles I is anointed king of Aquitaine, and Louis the Pious (only 3-years old) is appointed sub-king of Italy and Aquitaine, following the conversion of Aquitaine from a Duchy to a sub-kingdom. Charlemagne meets Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, in Italy, and invites him to Aachen, where he becomes Charlemagne's chief adviser on religious and educational matters (approximate date). The Frankish currency called the livre carolingienne is minted for the first time (approximate date). Asia Yang Yan, Chinese statesman, commits suicide after being accused of bribery and corruption. He is credited with reforming the tax system for peasants, reducing the power of the aristocratic classes, and eliminating their tax-free estates. April 30
under the command of Adalgis the Chamberlain, Gallo, and Worad, supported by Saxon forces, to deal with the Saxons and Sorb raiders in Thuringia. Battle of Süntel: The Franks under Charlemagne are defeated by Saxon rebels, led by Widukind. He succeeds in wiping out more than half of the occupying Frankish forces and again raises the banner of revolt. Autumn – Charlemagne returns from his campaign in Italy, and musters a Frankish army of available troops in Bavaria. He then marches to Saxony, probably to Eresburg. Charlemagne marches north, down the Weser to the Aller River, making camp near Verden. Massacre of Verden: Charlemagne executes 4,500 rebel Saxons at Verden for practicing paganism. He issues the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae and imposes Christianity on the Saxons, making Saxony a Frankish province. Charlemagne summons Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, to Aachen, and appoints him as chief adviser on religious and educational matters. He becomes the leading scholar and teacher at the	scholar monk called Elisaeus to educate her in Greek language and manners. Europe Summer – Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne sends a punitive expedition (an elite force of Eastern Frankish troops) under the command of Adalgis the Chamberlain, Gallo, and Worad, supported by Saxon forces, to deal with the Saxons and Sorb raiders in Thuringia. Battle of Süntel: The Franks under Charlemagne are defeated by Saxon rebels, led by Widukind. He succeeds in wiping out more than half of the occupying Frankish forces and again raises the banner of revolt. Autumn – Charlemagne returns from his campaign in Italy, and musters a Frankish army of available troops in Bavaria. He then marches to Saxony, probably to Eresburg. Charlemagne marches north, down the Weser to the Aller River, making camp near Verden. Massacre of Verden: Charlemagne executes 4,500 rebel Saxons at Verden for practicing paganism. He issues the Capitulatio de partibus Saxoniae and imposes Christianity on the Saxons, making Saxony a Frankish province. Charlemagne summons Alcuin, Anglo-Saxon missionary, to Aachen, and appoints him as chief adviser on religious and educational matters. He becomes the leading scholar and teacher at the Carolingian court. By topic Religion Nanchan Temple on Wutaishan, Shanxi, is built during the Tang Dynasty (China). Births Tachibana no
prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Byzantine Empire A Byzantine expeditionary force under Staurakios, chief minister (logothete), begins a campaign against the communities (Sclaviniae) of Greece. Setting out from Constantinople, the imperial army follows the Thracian coast into Macedonia, and then south into Thessaly, Central Greece and the Peloponnese. Staurakios restores a measure of Byzantine authority over these areas, and collects booty and tribute from the locals. Europe Mauregatus of Asturias, illegitimate son of the late king Alfonso I, usurps the throne after the death of his brother-in-law Silo. However, the nobility has elected Alfonso II at Adosinda's (wife of Silo) insistence, but Mauregatus assembles a large army of supporters, and forces Alfonso to flee to Álava (modern Spain). Adosinda is put in the monastery of San Juan de Pravia, where she lives out the rest of her life. April 30 – Hildegard, wife of King Charlemagne, dies in childbirth after her ninth confinement in less than 12 years	Juan de Pravia, where she lives out the rest of her life. April 30 – Hildegard, wife of King Charlemagne, dies in childbirth after her ninth confinement in less than 12 years of marriage. His mother, Bertrada of Laon, dies in the summer and is buried with great ceremony beside her husband Pepin the Short, in the Abbey of St. Denis (modern-day Paris). October – Charlemagne marries Fastrada, the 18-year-old daughter of a Frankish count named Rudolph, and makes her his queen at Worms. The probable reason behind the marriage is to solidify a Frankish alliance east of the Rhine, against the Saxons in Lower Saxony (modern Germany). Winter – Saxon Wars: Charlemagne defeats the Saxon rebels in a three-day
in honour of his wife. Asia The Japanese begin a war against the Ainu, in the north, on the main island of Honshu. Emperor Kanmu wishes to be free from the influence of the Buddhist monasteries around Nara (then called Heijō), and moves the capital to Nagaoka, ending the Nara period. Nagaoka-kyō becomes the Japanese imperial capital. By topic Religion August 30 – Paul IV abdicates as patriarch of Constantinople. December 25 – Tarasios is elected patriarch of Constantinople. Births Ibn Sa'd al-Baghdadi, Muslim historian (d. 845) Li Jue, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (approximate date) Theodrada, Frankish princess and abbess, daughter of Charlemagne (approximate date) Deaths May 4 – Arbeo, bishop of Freising July 16 – Fulrad, Frankish abbot (b. 710) August 21 – Alberic, archbishop of Utrecht Autpert Ambrose, Frankish abbot Isa ibn Musa, Muslim governor (or 783) Paul IV, patriarch of Constantinople Vergilius, bishop of Salzburg	784 (DCCLXXXIV) was a leap year starting on Thursday (link will display the full calendar) of the Julian calendar. The denomination 784 for this year has been used since the early medieval period, when the Anno Domini calendar era became the prevalent method in Europe for naming years. Events By place Europe Saxon Wars: King Charlemagne begins a campaign in northern Saxony. He ravages Eastphalian territory as far as the Elbe River, while his son, Charles the Younger, defeats a Saxon force in the Lippe Valley. Bad weather hinders
the Moors. The Franks divide Catalonia into 14 countships. Charlemagne suppresses a rebellion by count Hardrad of Thuringia. Prince (or duke) Višeslav becomes, with the support of Pope Adrian I and the Byzantine Empire, ruler of Dalmatian Croatia (approximate date). Britain King Offa of Mercia re-asserts his control of Kent, deposes his rival Egbert II, and establishes direct Mercian rule. Egbert's brother, Eadberht Præn, flees to the court of Charlemagne. Arabian Empire Caliph Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi is poisoned by one of his concubines. He is succeeded by his son Al-Hadi, who becomes the fourth ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate. Asia Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, Japanese nobleman (chūnagon), has his daughter Azumako married to the 12-year-old crown prince Heizei (son of Emperor Kanmu). While supervising construction of the buildings in the capital of Nagaoka, he is killed by an arrow. By topic Religion Council of Paderborn: The clergy debates the matter of the Christianization of the Saxons. They make laws against idolatry, and order the death penalty for self-appointed witch-hunters, who have caused the death of persons	his son Al-Hadi, who becomes the fourth ruler of the Abbasid Caliphate. Asia Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, Japanese nobleman (chūnagon), has his daughter Azumako married to the 12-year-old crown prince Heizei (son of Emperor Kanmu). While supervising construction of the buildings in the capital of Nagaoka, he is killed by an arrow. By topic Religion Council of Paderborn: The clergy debates the matter of the Christianization of the Saxons. They make laws against idolatry, and order the death penalty for self-appointed witch-hunters, who have caused the death of persons accused of witchcraft. Ludger, Frisian missionary, visits Heligoland (Fossitesland), and destroys the remains of paganism. On his return he meets the blind bard Bernlef, last of the Frisian skalds, and cures his blindness (approximate date). Births Antony the Younger, Byzantine saint (d. 865) Harald Klak, king of Denmark (approximate date) Junna, emperor of Japan (approximate date) Paschasius Radbertus, Frankish abbot (d. 865) Tian Bu, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 822) Zhang Yunshen, general of the Tang Dynasty (d. 872) Deaths October 5- Ōtomo no Yakamochi, Japanese statesman and poet, Shōgun November 8 – Sawara, Japanese prince Al-Rabi' ibn Yunus, Muslim minister (or 786) Fujiwara no Tanetsugu, Japanese nobleman (b. 737) K'ak' Tiliw Chan Yopaat, king of Quiriguá (Guatemala) Li Huaiguang, general of the Tang Dynasty (b. 729) Liu Changqing, Chinese poet (b. 709) Liu Congyi, chancellor of the Tang Dynasty (b. 742) Liu Peng, general of the Tang Dynasty (b. 727) Máel Dúin mac Fergusa, king of Brega (Ireland) Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi, Muslim Caliph Ruaidrí mac Fáeláin, king of Leinster (Ireland)