text
stringlengths
54
548k
label
stringclasses
4 values
id_
stringlengths
32
32
Natural language explanations alone, however, might cause unwarranted trust from the human recipient {{cite:125ad4bb9058c2c715ac775815b5b08c91161c58}}, because the models which generate them usually are optimized via direct supervision towards a few human-acceptable gold rationales from static datasets {{cite:cfa57eab1...
m
a554214852cf573f863e4c5769390040
Results shown in Fig REF correspond to the QCM algorithm run on the IBM Quantum processor ibmq_montreal – the qubits used are indicated on the device map. Comparison simulations were run on the Qiskit QASM simulator. We have plotted, as a function of the trial-state parameter {{formula:f131df71-50e2-4f21-af30-937c14aa...
r
2dc1701aad279ed49c0e8e0e7937519d
To determine the amplitudes for the systems consisting of pseudoscalar mesons and baryons, we use the lowest order chiral Lagrangian  {{cite:4f4ef2e564556941b6c91da5fc74a0fec42cbdc5}}, {{cite:32b52fa8c552b6b5379b1191918a2565a61de5a8}}, {{cite:28e6121d87456648bef04e6fc5abcb64846de576}}, {{cite:ec0c7a3a8cedc15475203a10cc...
r
ffe13f6a515ad159dd70e6f4d3a52094
The MolTrans framework learns to predict DTI as follows. Given the input drug and protein data, a frequent consecutive sub-sequence mining module first decomposes them into a set of explicit sequences of sub-structures using a specialized decomposition algorithm with inputs consisting of vast unlabelled data. The outpu...
m
da32dd2cb040e91aa133bda6e3c81a28
Writing (2.16) as {{formula:d7c07fdf-332f-43a5-8315-c80d4ae5fa1f}} , substituting {{formula:c2c97407-97f6-48da-ad73-802c41ff7aa7}} for {{formula:71cba5c5-0f09-4250-89f5-8cda04e55975}} , and using the {{formula:4ebad8d3-7e80-4285-81b3-23b38868b611}} -contact property: {{formula:57d36a01-d030-4abe-831c-e4c1e1ef1e68}} {...
r
8017ec225a9d45c1ed47a3c044083796
Under the above assumptions, it was pointed out in {{cite:a8bee4533f1c3495a41bdba8de15970923982c9f}} that the Cauchy problem of the compressible MHD equations (REF )-() has a global weak solution, which can be stated as follows (see also {{cite:cd6a8195552ab1665a60c1a2b3fb4959466185e8}}).
r
0b0e53a47e2f5bddd538011cbbabaafa
The favoured scenario of binary formation is the fragmentation during runaway collapse of cloud core {{cite:952631ff93ed58aa4cb50cb7978316fc1ae38394}}, {{cite:ca9425b524c464b92dd4324920606617e2ffd9a8}}, {{cite:a29ce606013b2e261a0bcbc8eaca848d157e9fab}}, {{cite:ec8cb4fdc794f8ae1ba9a2fe9f6294d9cdd49015}}, and the fragmen...
i
27226dcb73eedef15d5fc6049bf7ed10
Passive cooling allows the ground state to be reached while preserving the mechanical {{formula:1c7b4eb6-177a-4d47-b735-fca2d4a115d9}} . This potentially provides much longer mechanical coherence times, enabling unique sensitivities for force sensing to be attained {{cite:9e0f6eb47c75204bf72050b45772c27a1e28ddb8}}; the...
d
0a77465466e070d9cc603e8bdbdecac7
We trained and tested our proposed framework with both synthetic and real datasets, and then compared the performance with some related work. Most existing methods are however developed for static scenes {{cite:8fcf9d2c06eb2838e31fcc431b8acaebb2692f9a}}, {{cite:c513e080bdcf676f56ed6df3a2b44c336d64b22f}}, {{cite:fdb7224...
d
b9cae631c440a6f44646a9102998d1ce
for normal hierarchy (NH) and inverted hierarchy (IH), respectively. The case of only two HNL generations in comparison with the case of three generations has been analysed within the cosmological framework in {{cite:89b7312d2d7ad161c6cc3532307443c726b3e3a6}}. Significant differences from the case of {{formula:70f09ea8...
i
4fc96ba216a238cf4014037e26e0a8ee
Previous contributions on RIS are mainly focused on maximizing the spectral efficiency/achievable rate or minimizing the transmission power {{cite:040e23a07727f8c19a4a6148b74f01328b76b6a2}}, {{cite:9924b730deebd4f24e28bdd9245d2c599ec51c33}}, {{cite:996849ea0bb35b2b51152312940902d736063edf}}, {{cite:280499ef3d3d856d75f6...
i
86c459e7439584668b73c4641403a42a
There are special conditions for opening a wormhole {{cite:1945e2d9e80f4dc87ef4b8ca1479f26d79c7018d}}, {{cite:80ac4c7a4d60247b25913c7641f7d573991c65fd}} that result from the equations (REF )-(), called flare-out conditions. In our model a special monotonous case {{formula:4679a721-5ca9-4c9e-9d9b-bd4c45c7904b}} will be...
m
29cfddba6a303e897e6d13595200611a
The objective of this section is to give an analogue of the Skjelbred-Sund method for classifying nilpotent assosymmetric algebras. As other analogues of this method were carefully explained in, for example, {{cite:4f2668a1d49478c59158b5610c3bd4fb6e50f26b}}, {{cite:3a8023511b304cde3d0a3d4d5176324561511570}}, we will gi...
m
ccaf5fa1ae3db3bae0820898406b844f
The asymptotic behavior of the probability (REF ) has been studied by many authors, we refer to Lévy {{cite:02ac8f9652afd45c2b22b3ec8680553f6470a106}}, Borovkov {{cite:92ba3374f93e7399f7d50ab919ea386ec2159f47}}, {{cite:539cf2dac808ebed0dea7424999ebbc574968d8f}}, {{cite:ea88639158f98329b8cd73626dd8319ba35cb073}}, Felle...
i
6c78493814a1dff65a1ae34054723915
Theorem 1.2 (Kameko {{cite:bbce4f4d6aa24e395a14c879aaa57e183e2d9c17}}) Let {{formula:9338d7f7-ed49-42db-95e9-43a520dba492}} be a positive integer. If {{formula:1806a320-6f6a-48f0-ac6b-e0f3b7cdedd8}} , then {{formula:01bc7c35-77bc-4515-be86-2bce6a1967f7}} is an isomorphism of the {{formula:de660e1d-b1b1-4cf5-846f-0b7...
i
dc08e136973e15ff84023721587333ac
In this section we empirically investigate our theoretical findings on different BNNs. We train a variety of BNNs on the MNIST and Fashion MNIST {{cite:56c33c606bce9d66f19e0048fb0ad58249818aff}} datasets, and evaluate their posterior distributions using HMC and VI approximate inference methods. In Section REF , we expe...
r
efe4402f10ffd7bdf34068bb9f118d62
In addition to Quasi-Newton methods, other commonly utilized derivative-free direct search methods worth mentioning include the Rosenbrock search method {{cite:171f3e7e1e3fd8725df09c57427242e905c6c4d9}}, the Hooke and Jeeves pattern search method {{cite:a0d6978f756b84ed0f0314cada737c0a9b5bf0de}}, Brent's method {{cite:...
m
84017866af50b8a2fd647ec8d419f03c
Using surrogate-gradients, the BPTT-gradient in the SRNNs can be computed using standard deep learning frameworks, where we used PyTorch {{cite:ba4675be846465ff98cb5a957ee4b56ac63dc225}}. With this approach, complicated architectures and spiking neuron models can be trained with state-of-the-art optimizers, regularizer...
d
83f191f43a4b4f678d04fb635fc669b4
[Note that EquationREF is obtained by equating {{formula:6a59b6d8-679f-4318-9819-99e18c06fb0b}} with {{formula:7698348f-6b48-4664-a5f9-eedac7bcc473}} where {{formula:a1dd7de0-e15b-49b3-ba9b-5815e95e5186}} is the solution of the fractional-order differential equation {{formula:2c377451-d4fb-4b3c-9369-dd1a7a4097ba}} ...
d
8ae8085a70c88cb745a564820f611ffb
As shown in  REF , 11 of 13 participating teams achieve an SRCC score higher than 0.75 on PIPAL, which significantly surpasses the highest performance of existing algorithms (0.65). The champion team achieves an SRCC score of 0.799 and a PLCC score of 0.790, refreshing the state-of-the-art performance on PIPAL. In orde...
r
29dc0c0a6989c3d806aa914c7b448ffe
We would like to emphasize that these results are achieved with only 500 networks trained using about 200 GPU-hours while the compared architecture search methods utilize much more computational resources to achieve their best results, such as {{cite:c06a7d5a35bea38611c6cd42c089e9b108ef0a6a}} that used 48,000 GPU-hours...
r
193cf77d3a5097238dcba3ea6897ec9a
which, together with the boundary conditions, implies that {{formula:39bf2fd8-1ef7-4a9f-97ff-ef316f26e201}} for some positive constant {{formula:189b50d7-6b59-426e-94e8-679ebecd8b90}} . Taking {{formula:5beccb38-0cc8-4a5e-932a-b4de6f948c37}} one recovers (REF ) for a suitable choice of parameters {{formula:509385d1-5...
r
9738476d77a5666d4b7a3b73b6c0b33c
A solution {{formula:15ecd055-a890-44c4-962a-cf365837bbf7}} of the problem (REF ) is called a {{formula:2cbbad30-9dec-48ab-8065-edb8ebe7e6dd}} -solution of the Hamiltonian systems. The problem (REF ) has relation with the closed geodesics on Riemannian manifold (cf.{{cite:092e618873169706a520b2a5ebd975f3051a6bce}}) an...
i
1d9814e76486ef07137830a54ea1240d
Finally from the result on {{formula:48751b4f-8ec0-4aae-bf35-96186cbbd166}} , using relation (REF ) and the measured value of {{formula:3ab4e831-d295-4184-ba46-a22bf0a58e1f}} {{cite:e7697036903914c3dd31371187209d1af78e8fbe}}, an upper limit for the branching ratio of the {{formula:5888420e-1dcb-4639-a3bb-f09b3b232078}...
r
84a919a16c53dadd209c4fde327c7f76
where {{formula:5ed61718-fa82-4c46-8748-2b6e53e6a08c}} is the constant step size, {{formula:1cc63517-3a92-4d3b-97da-99bc116643d8}} is the same constant as that in (REF ). The following convergence result on (REF ) has been established in the literature. ({{cite:a847ebcb9050f0438ede16c086801d571d0ed491}}, {{cite:29cdf...
m
03782425b8c29178904e217e3494f5b8
The zeros of the dispersion relation ({{formula:a5075f96-e639-4f16-bf8b-9aaddde4b525}} , equation ()) were explored within the complex {{formula:b14ba18d-eea3-40ac-a3bf-3e9067aab92e}} plane inside the region {{formula:8f746024-6658-414c-a930-a90df5725789}} and {{formula:49e7e60e-4610-4b14-9ae2-b83a7d0caccc}} . The fi...
m
789c44c5a028786972bf424edc6c9560
Our definition is simpler and easier to work with. To summarize, we define unbiasedness based on individual relevance estimates because it is easier to work with and is interchangeable with the unbiased definition based on system performance in previous work. While unbiasedness has been the main focus of most click-ba...
m
4df5b3e6f476c47f8caa70c5239d7f33
Role of Prediction Head: A deeper prediction head results in a student with higher representational capacity and thus a model that better matches the teacher representations. Table REF shows results for models with a common MobileNet-v2 {{cite:e4df4cb4ff77ff791a9b0995df4bde1f4d6b3b03}} backbone and different predictio...
r
40448fc46730a57a779f0fec17f5a2a1
where {{formula:81fe112c-7f28-4430-930d-83cb35a5af59}} is the “exchange-only” version of Eq. (REF ).Note that in standard text books, e.g., Ref. {{cite:d8015fa229165e700a646398535f490e870d8998}}, {{cite:73501553f7965904535eec968a2cc7326da3f131}} the occupations are usually neglected, since they are fixed. We explicit...
m
68889593b28e5335adaa2925fb5da22d
We suggest trying a wider range of hyperparameters and design choices for SplitMixer, such as strong data augmentation (e.g. Mixup, Cutmix), deeper models, larger patch sizes, overlapped image patches, label smoothing {{cite:e17ed177bb25684e55c513be5824c2689293c7ee}}, and stochastic depth {{cite:cf0b60346bf7eefa8a9cad...
d
91d863e8d66b4eb2336b600895710ca1
Definition 4.6 (Left-point method {{cite:07afa5d7f2146d85b104f484b6f9b3ca70d6cd9d}}, {{cite:1feab0e8708424868a24c712677c8f1eb6db748e}}, {{cite:1febefc07cdafdb3818d70c6e12510a7a06b98c0}}) We define a numerical solution {{formula:7c3d972a-6006-46fd-be14-2b4d0293b9d1}} for the SDE (REF ) by setting {{formula:41172120-4e...
m
feaa7fb460cc20426dea1cb37e561de7
In the past two decades, both traditional {{cite:d37c6d539865a223cd6734f67cbeea4ca91f10ed}}, {{cite:ce2704a7872ae61083b86d6cba88583da866b97d}}, {{cite:47ab273f0ff3ec3c61ca65ea371b4baa1ccfeb2b}}, {{cite:0dfea6f628c727b03d2ffe0782ec64711d98628b}}, {{cite:7c4afb08062c0244f1ac37b9745a9eb1e0f7729c}} and deep learning-based ...
i
7db032f6c669bf429c36ab9df376faa2
We conducted a metalinguistic experiment (vs. a processing task testing implicit knowledge) where participants used a web interface to assess the relatedness of WordNet senses in a two-dimensional spatial arrangement task. We then obtained BERT embeddings for word types in the Semcor corpus {{cite:963649f536f65f41a9af1...
m
bf49c65b2ec7181204aa173a994c5e49
Normalized Mutual Information. We quantify the echo-chamber effect by measuring the extent to which users from different retweet communities share the same sources of information, as a proxy for the information siloing in an echo-chamber. To do this, we employ Normalized Mutual Information (NMI) to gauge the similarity...
m
c48c4c8c0fb846e57114e98f5e769533
Approaches REF (or REF ) and REF are similar with respect to their implementation. That is, approach REF can be implemented using GP regression {{cite:21083b9c4a98b24441d87ad60ac15b7013088bdd}}. Therefore, the essential difference between REF and REF is that the former explicitly introduces mechanistic knowledge. ...
i
ce57c6be916e54a908cd3bcd469a008e
The primordial black holes (PBHs) are the one of the type of black hole that produced in the early Universe {{cite:959c64368f602218d25e14e138c789ca84c42dbe}}, {{cite:4cc5a8824aaae681891bfbfd0ae1661b4da5814f}}, {{cite:0e1376b412d6b2986b01e08c15294b3824e0f401}}, {{cite:1c1888f286e972ab4d41d2f91c1f327b639e8bec}}. The PBHs...
i
3d8aec873e1c6ac644b4607812e005a2
Let us first recall a classical version of van der Corput's lemma (cf. Corollary to Proposition 2 in {{cite:b093c61bfbdf9e4233eb2436670b2493a36858c5}}).
r
c66331cf1675c72577d8522b970bec63
However, a proximity parameter can in principle be found, so that its cubic partition be the better choice for a given simulation. In fact, N-body simulations and the friends-of-friends algorithm have been used to calibrate these kind of codes to obtain values of linking length parameter, so that it makes the best iden...
d
088549023ba6624d95a29f6679e52534
Other experiments considered different data sources including characters (written on a tablet), and other features including physical properties such as speed and acceleration. In these tasks, other methods sometimes showed better performance, specifically a KNN classifier using edit distance with real penalties {{cite...
d
03093e32340c20b48e4c5806933896c9
Selvaraju et al. use datasets with manually annotated bounding boxes on objects in the image to compare the saliency map and human annotation using Intersection over Union to determine the quality of their explanations. Muddamsetty et al.{{cite:a079f4e77cc83d489b0435e4046be2ce0021569f}} also create a dataset comprising...
d
2a4cadf25fbebdff37e3553bb047467a
Usually AM methods are only compared to a few others and only on vanilla ImageNet-trained CNNs {{cite:3142ea881778ab09d8406724be592319d3b4595d}}, {{cite:0536914cbefb39d066f203b0b085846955dec8ee}}, {{cite:8a39e84c5f9422470010b7a9e7b6e03e297c4b2e}}, {{cite:6597519704128b610e216ed3cf4be8dd95c969a3}}, {{cite:8c89231cf4a24c...
m
8bd6dfe6504a34393b91217eb2a29df7
It has been well known that the low energy chaotic behaviour of large{{formula:263dc24a-f4f4-4ef7-8bef-539c1646d6cf}} holographic systems is captured by the near horizon dynamics and effective theory of black holes. The JT theory of gravity has been shown to reproduce the near extremal thermodynamics of wide class of ...
d
d37b06228afe1588f63955800385acc6
Annotation-Efficient Segmentation: Developing an encouraging performance segmentation model always requires many high-quality annotations, but labeling the abdominal multi-organ is very expensive and time-consuming, each volume around takes 1.2-2.6 hours. To reduce the label costs, annotation-efficient learning has att...
d
53406b6efa1418447e4954a15370b018
conducted a more comprehensive evaluation with all combinations of KGE models and sampling strategies totalling 648 data points (324 for each prediction model). The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section introduces essential concepts to the subsequent sections. Section introduces the use case where the k...
i
806549b0df80967ab4b27e348752a46b
AttMask can be incorporated into different methods to either replace the block-wise strategy of BEiT {{cite:37c498c6398aa8b527b67d37da1eab5f222e5526}} or introduce masking. For iBOT {{cite:42fa89fd85bd8a832bc798db5a1297bbcdf673a9}}, we use {{formula:1111b213-5377-4c4e-af33-1a3c587277ae}} in {{formula:890a3a43-304c-45d...
m
029882e4a972de8db4406caa01d29a3b
Meanwhile, delineation of anatomical structures relies on multi-modal medical images, such as Computed Tomography (CT) and T1- and T2-weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). CT is required by radiotherapy dose computation as it can measure the density of different structures. It can show dense structures like bones ...
i
3446182e425bebda9fb42a58ee1cbb22
In the outburst, the accretion rate of the ADAF at {{formula:1adc567a-765b-4143-a527-be847ef68935}} rises in the thermal timescale {{formula:ea1227a6-4961-4aa7-9660-9455635275db}} when the heating front is approaching the outer radius of the ADAF {{cite:a247901545350ba27fa58897707174940e32a3b9}}, which is roughly at ...
d
cb2d51188b65b502ca0f7dfff2d2e733
Simulations were performed using the Quantum-Espresso code, which is an efficient, open-source implementation of density functional theory (DFT) in periodic boundary conditions {{cite:63b578c5e9cfa1255dd9e395faca3016ae90a2f2}}, {{cite:946896357a97ddab61da7d7deb57fbe5fe9c337c}}. The standard package was modified to carr...
m
1ecbc0315ae995e9fefbad9461e13e53
With the advent of deep learning, a great number of state-of-the-art methods have been developed for low-light image enhancement. LLNet {{cite:4953d8d3d329faf1025e88c8e862f76bb64f95fa}} is a deep auto-encoder model for enhancing lightness and denoising simultaneously. LLCNN {{cite:cb81372c1228549fa81b0658dfe1b291ec9160...
m
57e70879d3582415114442ce837f8d68
However, as we often see in practice, the information assimilated in each gradient can vary widely. After the first few training epochs, the gradients of specific data points lose their value. {{cite:1bf7f51380ed7b0dc18ede33c42190264aff85d2}}. We could select data points randomly or by batching the entire training set ...
i
e831fa9f8e7972ced40fd75c9153fa2a
The axial-vector anomaly by Adler {{cite:fb7c0c278de741fc49be2a479e7a3b200bb330a2}} and Bell and Jackiw {{cite:cc75c3ed7fa5a8fe0100447c78eb017c5e54239f}} states that parallel electric and magnetic field cause a divergence of the axial current. In units of the flux quantum {{formula:e98bd467-c606-4829-9936-7ddf324c3a92}...
i
7bd03923537c3935efac5ac4beb47280
Meanwhile, analytical {{cite:d29fba447d308e4d2b538326d611efc2638c2975}}, wavelet {{cite:f631f51371262e9fec50c737984a9ba96d9d6625}}, fractal {{cite:045af4cb30a470c6516ff4b5be97c8e16afbfbcf}}, fuzzy system {{cite:ea58533f6a9b26875e741c32291120c19cefcfe2}}, Kalman filter {{cite:f97497b21f5cab3606dcaf7e3cb4c854070ce73b}}, ...
m
282132ea8163ecc1f3bf8c6490fb743a
BERT {{cite:b982552ab597feb170573f729fc2f6d567e661e3}}: This is the BERTbase model from publicly available checkpoint. ASP: Inline with ASP practices{{cite:a92fca70f4ac28516c5669a7746677ae6c0aeaaa}}, we perform one-shot magnitude-based masked pruning on the pretrained model. This baseline is considered best practices...
r
c8dd3d731a1e972183c2f19f7c736c1e
The main results on CIFAR-10 using PreAct-ResNet-110 are summarized in Table REF . We experiment with different constructions and different {{formula:7e561c78-a23d-4a73-bf3a-1d16f315109f}} s. 1xSkip is our reimplementation of the ResNet-110 with pre-activation and outperforms the reported result in {{cite:aa74cfed303fd...
r
52de72c90fc3211c0005fe2211b343e2
Our model is of interest for the following reasons. First, we predict the luminosity of these planets will be low even at early times, plausibly between the luminosity of Earth and Neptune or less, and should be initially rather insensitive to the planetary system's age for hundreds of millions to billions of years. Th...
d
5fedc6f22a22a8af2f0675a4af51608c
The ALA can in principle be applied to any model, but one expects it to work best when the log-likelihood is concave or at least locally concave around {{formula:720b993d-cd74-4e45-936d-8a965c32e82a}} , e.g. models satisfying local asymptotic normality. Yet another avenue is to apply ALA to conditionally concave settin...
d
3e853e67cbf2ac319cab69f9f3d4ce42
The Carrollian limit of Einstein gravity arose initially as the “strong coupling limit” {{cite:239c110f23defd65c3b3317b8ded347fd2e7355e}} or “zero signature limit” {{cite:db1d73b358ac615180c7c78c8736714d99c4aa30}}, {{cite:f98ce1c56a277b814f94f66ddee187e6e4933c53}} of general relativity. It is relevant to the descriptio...
i
01d80a7f1d8859cbe56e76526b523428
Random Forest (RF) {{cite:c0cb3dc5c86bdb8def9e2b4cac4b3aee1793f118}} and a transformer (TF) {{cite:d2222ce551dd5249e04a7cd9e4018c4c2b700d97}} were used for the supervised crop type classification task in this study. Overall Accuracy (OA) was used as a measure to evaluate the experiments.
m
b856da9ed997e11d9e93a30b6fdf2093
We presented a method to reduce duality gaps in the Lagrangian relaxation of the MAP-inference problem in a continuous MRF taking a nonlinear optimization-driven approach. Our theoretical contribution identifies extremality of the lifting as a key component, as it leads to convexifications which do not discard any info...
d
588e038c0cd781ff7c36cb842ef6b7dd
One of the earlier {{formula:5ebb72d0-9c7f-46ca-8df5-899365e9d7ad}} studies in 2HDMs following the discovery of the light Higgs boson was the work of Broggio et al. {{cite:9a5bf93ad5c32c8b221a836d89614e80f25c08f6}}. They restricted their analysis to the “alignment limit" ({{formula:a163b5c6-a3d9-42bd-933a-d9e85cda7e3b...
i
ad5bead9bb30e8dc934fa373b207d351
We compare LaSS to three types of knowledge graph completion methods: shallow structure embedding, deep structure embedding, and language semantic embedding.We refer the readers to {{cite:ef6c579de31a32e1190b4d69119941d80c1760e2}} for a more comprehensive review of the knowledge graph completion methods.
m
25ac5e8495a5e0dad1eabd79c4b0e9e3
Additionally, both details and context information are crucial for occluded person Re-ID, they have their own advantages in different situations. As illustrated in Fig. REF (c), we can simply identify ID1 and ID2 by local details while finding it hard to distinguish them based on their outward appearance. {{cite:75321...
i
1800861b14ee0ac1c6962d010b32ec99
The continuous transition between replica symmetry broken and unbroken solutions studied in Section  should be contrasted with the discontinuous transition between two similar large-{{formula:f07a3776-c65f-4141-9bc7-f8cdd79d4d64}} solutions in the unitary time evolution of Rényi entropy {{cite:9abe4186cebddf764212ed08...
d
481af291ee3f7a000726eb64a17ce7a2
There is other evidence that the X-rays we observe along our line of sight are not representative of the 4{{formula:88fef051-f19f-4cd2-bd94-3a1a6ba95f38}} emission: Optical reverberation mapping {{cite:a75a920ed04ca088baf1864f94552970b68edece}} has shown that the Balmer line H{{formula:75498794-b740-4da6-a513-d211cccd...
d
1ca103ce552f96790eabdbf8f624e344
for its expansion at {{formula:f6ac8166-97cc-43e3-8a9e-17182a7189df}} . For simplicity we assume that {{formula:36a50ce3-c1b4-4ea4-b9b7-4b090abfe5de}} According to {{cite:c08be08c64ecd4bf88b17d2030caaa21f0c39c43}}, the {{formula:a83a4387-9ff2-4349-9f88-8f0c265eec74}} -th Fourier coefficient of {{formula:deb0cfd3-f190-...
r
4eacb7cdbc8a7c5b69819c37ec97e0c6
Despite the fact that the natural evolution of the platforms considered here (and also of those ones not considered) will impact the viability of the proposed network, in both its constituents and design, useful observations can be made from its current form. Probably the most striking of those is the balance between h...
d
39896a45f5227ef2083bbfca5cc0d0ba
where {{formula:8e9b191a-dd87-4c46-bceb-35257db16a26}} is the sound (or thermal) velocity of protons. Since the ratio of {{formula:90fc3ad2-ec97-4348-ad81-a2db8deb8101}} is usually less than unity, the plasma is strongly magnetized ({{formula:9960f9aa-3b99-437e-b81e-3b76ecdf8e04}} ) at the end of the magnetic field g...
d
77dfa201789023d97b60cfe866d621d1
While things may still take turn in favor of the dark matter hypothesis, the current situation is serious enough to consider the possibility that the popular paradigm might need to be amended in some way if not replaced altogether. The present paper seeks such a modification. Unlike other ideas such as Milgrom's MOND {...
i
323f6f63fe85d7a023bdfabce4a92551
The historic detection of gravitational waves (GWs) {{cite:5c89e105590e1e5c3691b967bc4642c0ce8ca282}} paved the way for precision GW astrophysics and black hole (BH) spectroscopy to develop at an unprecedented rate. The increase in sensitivity of ground-based interferometers, as well as the arrival of next generation s...
i
63d06e12898fdc07e0ac3d9d3cc89590
where {{formula:895a73fa-24e8-4fff-a05e-3d351f7d75e9}} and {{formula:7e072ea7-6de9-44a2-b560-45ca5f5646ed}} . For {{formula:6a9f8a74-6129-439e-8797-64062dc9f619}} , we present {{formula:8ec32d6b-eac0-4f3d-aed0-ce27b78c0b12}} in Table REF , where {{formula:53f3e613-cb79-4bea-b370-1813b945993d}} and {{formula:e977170e...
r
dd4d81408c7bac4f86cc55a4e02ea245
{{formula:957b96b4-6bc9-43ab-bf6f-bea21b4cc6b8}} violation plays an important role for the test of the Standard Model (SM) and extractions of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa (CKM) matrix. The processes of nonleptonic decays of {{formula:26d3caab-2e8e-40af-ac6b-eafa16acd8bb}} mesons provide us with opportunities for exp...
i
233a36fab3abd5273b6405616b74fe1c
As in the previous works ({{cite:3673c46511ab37dcd3b8238ca6ada9a253991363}} and {{cite:31aafa44fcaa6f4148c43bd2212ed269aa82cab2}}), we clearly see in Figure REF that the observed radio luminosity of the low luminous AGNs and microquasars can be explained by the magnetic power released by fast reconnection in the core ...
d
dc6805be706ba69648f54c767cba45c8
By Silvestre's strong maximum principle (see {{cite:714f23c9632937d5cd4a4b67f97af794303bfd51}}), we get {{formula:d5a92529-e704-43cd-8a01-c66c6d1c4eac}} in {{formula:16eee1b2-9f84-4134-912f-2e89969e7a10}} . Therefore, {{formula:1dfc6b96-a3b1-439c-80fb-75311efe83fc}}
r
5cd7d3ad3a9eb7bef817eb1f2aa96545
where we use the superscript {{formula:aa407890-3668-46a8-a3b0-b3ae6617c4a1}} to denote the weights associated with the {{formula:61549cb5-b1b3-4abc-bc36-cd9ac1005f0d}}th layer, {{formula:7486e06a-baeb-4932-9f4e-0ca2371b1c7b}} represents the layernorm {{cite:e8ed2203389ea747595dd734a018f50cb0b1f40c}}.
m
8a10d7770ee786bfb5e568f1942c80d7
Bayesian methods have been recognized as a powerful paradigm for quantum state tomography {{cite:93ac2b0ae64438e0dcb45ec3674f42138b666bb0}}, that deal with uncertainty in meaningful and informative ways and are the most accurate approach with respect to the expected error (operational divergence) even with finite sampl...
i
2f3380612b7ccd553edeb23f83343474
A major limitation of the framework of linear transition core MDP is the assumption of known feature maps {{formula:48aa089c-213d-4fec-b124-5f9d81f6ef15}} and {{formula:5aa42ea4-7c0a-4b01-800e-ede10d82e521}} . This allows studying the usefulness of meta learning for rapid learning in a newly encountered task. In empir...
d
d4ebcf7a4348112e95ab37c301195dc5
The slow-roll correction can also make the masses of the intermediate states time dependent, and thereby generates signals with scale-dependent frequencies and scale-dependent magnitudes {{cite:0c64657b26bc8854e58e31d94401be0f8056d952}}, {{cite:f02786a904a23c78007352e03a2671aaaaf22c3b}}. The phases in such scenarios ca...
d
fe5418ffbd20b0d1fa96738b9d470ee1
Approximate error (REF ) converges with the same {{formula:45df78a2-445f-49c9-bf39-309b830741d3}} p{{formula:e4912593-4a33-4005-a533-e2bfe2b6e6ff}} K12 (u - un) 0,{{formula:38f138c3-b1d6-4abf-a455-c1fa8bc3fe7e}} As stabilizations for the primal and mixed formulation, we use those defined in (REF ) and (REF ), respectiv...
r
e9e7815e886a6344f594b87f5f953f7e
In order to highlight the potential of our method, it is necessary to compare our results with those obtained in the previous works. Traditionally, the angular diameter distances are derived from SZ effect of galaxy clusters {{cite:0838c330699944710c2a8f0b774cf3c4511608ad}}, {{cite:b5a59ba7de316d045e67457a4b41326272d9b...
r
f0f5c586b812fd58275019ed6b3c1d3f
The understanding that nonlocality can arise at different scales, leads to an even more challenging scenario that is the possibility for nonlocal interactions to occur and interact across dissimilar scales. It is immediate to see how this latter scenario involves the simultaneous presence of nonlocal and multiscale ela...
i
7ccb4fc3f5d99c4bfff53c9c1662ebf4
We performed extensive experiments on the proposed algorithm. We compared the performance with the classical techniques such as NLM {{cite:07a8ff3dfdc2f8f4a88f03ca3fc968becb7b3dfa}}, BM3D {{cite:075b1dfc2675c2b56996483cee829c8ae4722633}}, K-SVD {{cite:bc4a11c06c2f1b9d3b0342f040688d8b4e1ab020}}, and the CoFiB {{cite:798...
r
f9af770da1d3bd3db95ac60f0d514873
Finally, in Table REF we show the resulting Information Transfer Rate (ITR) for the MFF, the EMF. The ITR measures the efficiency of the system, and it measured as bits/trial. It is computed using the following formulas {{cite:bf2cdfb00c4a9b86311edc4eb36e7258db726c50}}: {{formula:607c05e5-b27e-416d-864b-f95b6f1cb184}}...
r
65a763935fc8e18f95eb3066b2e75a39
Regarding saliency, each existing method mainly focuses on one of the following tasks – i.e., eye-fixation prediction, image-based salient object detection and objectness estimation. Among them, image-based salient object detection {{cite:d07c575e078378dd52974af876399b46d21c441e}}, {{cite:b5cd0aefd5e8d873df25202169c7cf...
i
d5334314e29d726f8630dd520a839be9
About Eq. (REF ), we refer the reader to Section-4.3.1 of Ref. {{cite:94229619c89fb0b192093b27ab36abe453be06f6}} for further details.
r
409e3cd74449027e8369dd89be46cffb
Deepwalk exploits local information obtained from truncated random walks to learn latent representations of vertices in a network by treating walks as the equivalent of sentences. LINE optimizes a novel objective function that involves both the local and global network structures, and employs an edge-sampling algorit...
m
2fcccecee49641a4afd687bf1000293f
While our results and those of {{cite:00f636671b556f96f135e05ca2ea9039caff3864}} represent a step toward understanding the plausibility of such an algorithm, many questions remain, including how performance is affected in networks without weight sharing {{cite:39fe71b3c2201e2f81abaf3b0093b2d142551596}} and how to incor...
d
5edb61ebfee39474482ca21d0f772353
By matching the AD model to the H{{formula:0ecbd616-7f9f-4f95-a702-94017c78b0dc}} broad emission line profile, we determine the inclination, inner and outer radii and additional ring radii. The inner radius is defined by matching the far red and blue wings of the observed line profile to the red wing of AD model line ...
m
286f68ecd4693242680765381d3a8d75
Initially demonstrated in {{cite:5fa2643c91325b42a9776a62316029fd66d5acec}}, {{cite:2b9b2c9265a80912cf7d91eff5541e8305705dd8}}, quantum accelerometers based on cold atom interferometry generate high precision measurements with extremely low drift over a long time period {{cite:00675a461216b8e7d4a1bffdd49b38f7e3867729}}...
i
2c10ee7815e543f94e0dac5cada0ed8b
Deep learning models are both useful and challenging. Their utility is reflected in their increasing contributions to sophisticated tasks such as natural language processing {{cite:a24fb5da1ac024866602700d5f888531fddd3cb7}}, {{cite:42dca16e641a2cb1106658e26824f83c2b51ead9}}, computer vision {{cite:6e2424f0c5dff14288e4b...
i
dc7c5e10e761991c839cfb37bd6a6b41
In this section, we present the details of the numerical method employed to solve the relativistic Boltzmann equation in the Anderson-Witting relaxation time approximation {{cite:05da43eacc1132b8b0595fa0f598784fb9462d39}}, {{cite:4a1c8178495afaaf61766afd5c562844a0ed31f0}}. The method is inspired by the finite differenc...
m
a2910b0053568bb39759bc85f630efff
In these years, the Hermitian higher-order topological insulator (HOTI){{cite:1c931ca5066e424e0287b287175483517c6e0664}}, {{cite:32952aac01c7b4793426e13076949b0c357afa99}}, {{cite:30ee01e0452f1f1fc147ed0df1abcdbf1827c061}}, {{cite:9c2e973906a0207c3812bd636d13971b78692e31}}, {{cite:cf2dc6a646a73d1d6f6ede21e247b211cf6948...
i
ca36021b5fb4ac7c8c4900785493d1e6
To solve a SDE problem, we apply the standard multilevel Monte Carlo method and regard the Taylor-Itô scheme as the discretization subroutine {{cite:b17d77b9e238eb083d44bed2956bfc49d2a951c3}}, {{cite:747f7e92cc50147e88d9a43ee7632b4aee262f34}}.
m
ee73bea696eb237fc5221db5c3b18f00
The anomalous Hall effect in ferromagnetic conductor is considered to come from three different contributions, and the AHC can be expressed as {{formula:42a3e5d6-d287-44ef-bda7-cd5969decbba}} , where {{formula:79b09a6a-6ad4-473e-b7f6-4dc9efadc3c7}} is the intrinsic contribution, and {{formula:754e08d8-2c9a-46a9-91c3-b...
r
085cf31b290bbb0c1133966f21823170
In this paper, we have shown an extension of the QGT for curved spaces in which the metric may depend on the parameters of the system. The derivation of the QMT was done in two different manners: One in a geometrical way extending the work of Provost and Vallee {{cite:a134bd1047e4a1ab3b1ca0d6840fa189d134a988}}, and the...
d
1798fee7e2b75f0fdf674086b1ac2c34
where the sum of true positives and true negatives is divided by the sum of true positives, true negatives, false positives and false negatives. True positives (TP) are positive examples labeled correctly as positives. True negatives (TN) are negative examples labeled correctly as negative. False positives (FP) are neg...
r
24e211fabc38cde270fc9c0fdc860e8e
We compare DOTIN with previous pooling-based methods in Table REF . Here, we further clarify the connection and differences with similar methods gPool {{cite:ab5487ee34a5c9099140896b34b132f37840a39e}} and SAGPool {{cite:140f68d10db3994e914d6b303f1922bc2b4f9e08}}. Connection: All the three methods use attention methods...
m
289a8d0ed14ee4c528ac8ef8252655ed
Nekrasov's conjecture states that these partition functions give deformations of the Seiberg-Witten prepotentials for four-dimensional (4d) {{formula:cbcd3e65-5d60-4c2d-bbdc-26315592f42d}} supersymmetric gauge theories. This conjecture is proven in Braverman-Etingof {{cite:5903b3df0f0d1de1bf80ff72a134e99c2411a5be}}, N...
i
f819fca1052b8073473a67707409bfdc
Regarding the FreeSolv dataset, as the results shown in Table REF , in the training dataset our M_RMSE is worse than the one obtained from GC+BHO, however, in the results on validation and test datasets, our method are slightly better than GC+BHO. It should be noted that in terms of validation, these two results are ve...
r
8525e9ae9f0f63927939b1863ae5974e
where {{formula:73e56d49-c6cc-427e-ace0-0d9bae4492f9}} is the batch size, {{formula:1f8cdac0-83b1-4164-9c85-bf967f641045}} when the {{formula:a86cd609-3e94-4a8c-89c9-80629cd5b97d}} graph (protein) is an enzyme and {{formula:36bcf92e-d019-41b4-a78b-5d27e1688cc1}} otherwise, {{formula:09421191-2af3-45ad-b301-54595975...
m
72b23b53d0e1fecb8c2a4865e39b630b
where {{formula:01e9d7d3-f1d5-4ea6-91c7-a39e62b06885}} is the magnitude of the pion three-momentum in the rest-frame of the {{formula:2e0c6be4-afc7-4f0c-b634-ec196433e47f}} . The lifetime of the {{formula:4085c69c-e6a7-4bc7-b021-9773adc20011}} is chosen as {{formula:6c56f1cf-bf6e-4449-a941-5031e1de8a6a}} , the Wilso...
r
34729dc21ec63296e5ba5414a3dbb7b3