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116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
race were 1.83% of the population.
There were 11,260 households out of which 28.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53.4% were married couples living together, 9.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 28.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 11.3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.43 and the average family size was 3.01.
In the city, the population was spread out with 22.1% under the age of 18, 6.5% from 18 to 24, 29.7% from 25 to 44, 25.1% from 45 to 64, and 16.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were | 10,800 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
90.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 86.9 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $49,390, and the median income for a family was $59,088. Males had a median income of $40,924 versus $30,428 for females. The per capita income for the city was $22,562. About 4.3% of families and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.7% of those under age 18 and 7.5% of those age 65 or over.
# Government.
Agawam is one of thirteen Massachusetts municipalities that have applied for, and been granted, city forms of government but wish to retain "The town of" in their official names. Agawam adopted a city form of government effective 1 January | 10,801 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
1973 comprising a 15-member city council and a town manager. Since May 1989 a mayor is the elected leader of the city. The current city council consists of eleven members elected at large by the voters and is the legislative branch of the town government.
The current mayor of Agawam is William Sapelli.
On the state level, Agawam is represented in the Massachusetts Senate by Donald F. Humason, Jr., and in the Massachusetts House of Representatives by Nicholas Boldyga. On the federal level, Agawam is part of Massachusetts's 1st congressional district, represented by Richard Neal; it is represented in the United States Senate by Ed Markey and Elizabeth Warren.
# Historical commercial operations.
1801 | 10,802 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
– E. Porter Peppermint distillery, later to become the "Agawam Gin" distillery.
1810 – A cotton mill was erected on the site of present-day Six Flags New England.
1812 – Agawam Woolen Mill was established on Elm Street. After a fire, the building was rebuilt in brick in 1889 and still exists. The Agawam Woolen Company folded in 1949.
Six Flags New England, formerly Riverside Amusement Park, began as a picnic grove as early as 1840. It became a full-fledged amusement park in 1940. Riverside Park Speedway, a NASCAR racing track, was part of Riverside park from 1948 to 2000. Riverside was sold to Six Flags in 1996.
1952 – Stacy Machine Co, came to a new plant located on Main St, is best known | 10,803 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
for producing specialized printing presses. Later known as Kidder-Stacy, the plant closed in the 1990s, but the Main St plant still stands.
1953 – WWLP an NBC affiliate television station began operation with studios and transmitting facilities on Provin Mountain in Feeding Hills.
# Library.
The Agawam Free Public Library was established in 1891. The first libraries were rooms in the Agawam and Feeding Hills town halls and the Mittenague School in North Agawam. After a 1904 fire destroyed the Mittenague School and all the books in it, Fred P. Halladay donated land and buildings in North Agawam to use as a library. In 1925, Minerva Porter Davis donated a building in Agawam Center to serve | 10,804 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
as the library in that section of town, replacing the Agawam Town Hall rooms.
The Feeding Hills branch moved to a building across the street from the Feeding Hills town hall when that structure was removed to make way for Granger school. In 1978 the libraries were consolidated in a new building adjacent to the High School on Cooper St.
In fiscal year 2008, the city of Agawam spent 1.39% ($923,113) of its budget on its public library—some $32 per person.
# Education.
- Benjamin J. Phelps Elementary School - built in 1939
- Clifford M. Granger Elementary School - built in 1946
- James Clark Elementary School
- Robinson Park Elementary School
- Roberta G. Doering Middle School – built in | 10,805 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
1922, was first used as the High School, then as the Junior High, now a Middle School
- Agawam Junior High School – built in 1973
- Agawam High School – built in 1955
# Points of interest.
- The Agawam Historical Association operates the Agawam Historical and Fire House Museum at 35 Elm Street and the historic Thomas Smith House at 251 North West Street in Feeding Hills.
- Anne Sullivan Memorial – marker and statue dedicated to Helen Keller's "Teacher", born in Feeding Hills. The memorial is on the corner of Springfield and South Westfield Streets.
- The Massachusetts Veteran's Memorial Cemetery is located off Main Street.
- A series of plaques with the names of Agawam citizens who died | 10,806 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
in the Vietnam War, World War II, World War I, the Revolutionary War, or the Spanish–American War is displayed at Benjamin J. Phelps Elementary School.
- The 110 mile Metacomet-Monadnock Trail (a hiking trail) traverses the ridgeline of Provin Mountain in western Agawam.
- Robinson State Park, a narrow, urban park, has its entrance on North St.
- Six Flags New England, the largest amusement park in New England, is located in Agawam.
- Agawam Funeral Home, the first funeral home in Agawam, opened in 1955 and is located at 184 Main Street in Agawam.
# Notable people.
- Creighton Abrams, who commanded military operations in Vietnam War
- Roger LeClerc, football player for the Chicago Bears
- | 10,807 |
116791 | Agawam, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Agawam,%20Massachusetts | Agawam, Massachusetts
rst funeral home in Agawam, opened in 1955 and is located at 184 Main Street in Agawam.
# Notable people.
- Creighton Abrams, who commanded military operations in Vietnam War
- Roger LeClerc, football player for the Chicago Bears
- Mike Martin, basketball head coach, Brown University
- Phil McGeoghan, football player for the Denver Broncos, assistant coach Los Angeles Chargers
- Carl Beane, voice of the Boston Red Sox.
- Earl Seibert, hockey player, Hockey Hall of Famer, former Springfield Indians coach
- Eddie Shore, hockey player, Hockey Hall of Famer, owner of the Springfield Indians
- Anne Sullivan, tutor of Helen Keller
# External links.
- Economic and Demographic Information | 10,808 |
511876 | Black Creek, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Creek,%20New%20York | Black Creek, New York
Black Creek, New York
Black Creek (also New Hudson Corners) is a hamlet in the town of New Hudson, in Allegany County, New York, United States. The name is derived from a stream that flows nearby. The community lies between Cuba and Belfast on Route 305. Black Creek has a large population of Amish citizens.
The United States Postal Service operates a post office in Black Creek with the ZIP code 14714. | 10,809 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
Monson, Massachusetts
Monson is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The census-designated place of Monson Center lies at the center of the town.
# History.
The first colonist to settle in present-day Monson was Richard Fellows, who in 1657 was granted of land by the Massachusetts General Court. He built a tavern along the Bay Path, which was the primary route from Springfield to Boston, and which ran through the northern part of Monson. It was the first house built between Springfield and Brookfield, but the tavern was short-lived; within a year or two, Fellows abandoned it for fear of attacks | 10,810 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
from local Native Americans.
The first permanent settlers arrived in 1715, and in 1735 the town of Brimfield was incorporated, and included present-day Monson within its boundaries. The western part of the town later separated, and was incorporated as the town of Monson in 1775. The town was named after Sir John Monson, president of the British Board of Trade and a friend of Massachusetts governor Thomas Pownall.
In the 19th century and early 20th century, mills were built along the Chicopee Brook, which runs south to north through the center of the town. One of the most successful industries during this time was the woolen mills, which were operated by industrialists such as Joseph L. Reynolds, | 10,811 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
Dwight W. Ellis, C. W. Holmes, and S. F. Cushman. In addition, Heiman & Lichten operated a successful straw and felt goods factory on Main Street.
Monson was also known for its granite quarries; the first quarry was opened in 1809, east of present-day Margaret Street. It was used for a short time by the federal government to supply stone for the Springfield Armory, and was later sold to Rufus Flynt, who opened a commercial quarry on the site in 1825 with five employees. By 1900, the quarry was operating under the name of W.N. Flynt Granite Co., and had expanded to almost 500 employees. The quarry continued in operation until about 1935.
On June 1, 2011, an EF3 tornado crossed through the center | 10,812 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
of the town, causing $11.9 million in property damage, which included 238 damaged buildings, 77 of which were damaged beyond repair. Several town landmarks were damaged or destroyed: the First Church of Monson and the Unitarian Universalist Church buildings each lost their steeple, the historic 1900 Holmes Gymnasium, once part of Monson Academy, was destroyed, and the town office building, built in 1925 as the first Monson High School, was damaged beyond repair and demolished in 2013.
# Geography.
Monson is in eastern Hampden County, crossed by Massachusetts Route 32, which leads north from the center of town to Palmer and south to the Connecticut border. Springfield is to the west, Worcester | 10,813 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
is to the northeast, and Hartford, Connecticut, is to the southwest.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.45%, are water. The majority of the town (the center part) is drained to the north by Chicopee Brook, a tributary of the Quaboag River. Small areas of the northeastern part of town flow to Foskett Mill Stream, a tributary of the Quaboag. The Quaboag flows northwest to the Chicopee River, a west-flowing tributary of the Connecticut River. The northwestern portion of Monson drains to Twelvemile Brook, a tributary of the Chicopee River, and the southwest portion of town is drained by the Scantic River, which flows directly | 10,814 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
to the Connecticut in the state of Connecticut. The southernmost part of town is outside the Connecticut River watershed, draining south to the Middle River in Connecticut, which flows via the Willimantic and Shetucket rivers to the Thames River, reaching Long Island Sound at New London, Connecticut.
Monson is bordered on the north by Palmer, on the east by Brimfield and Wales, on the south by Stafford, Connecticut, and on the west by Hampden and Wilbraham. The Quaboag River forms the eastern half of the northern border of town, and U.S. Route 20 forms the western half of the northern border.
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 8,359 people, 3,095 households, and 2,203 families | 10,815 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
residing in the town. The population density was 188.8 people per square mile (72.9/km²). There were 3,213 housing units at an average density of 72.6 per square mile (28.0/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.69% White, 0.67% African American, 0.23% Native American, 0.31% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.23% from other races, and 0.86% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.
There were 3,095 households out of which 34.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 57.9% were married couples living together, 9.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.8% were non-families. 22.8% of all households were made up of individuals | 10,816 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
and 9.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.63 and the average family size was 3.12.
In the town, the population was spread out with 25.2% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 25.8% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $52,030, and the median income for a family was $58,607. Males had a median income of $41,373 versus $30,545 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,519. About 5.2% of families | 10,817 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
and 5.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 6.8% of those under age 18 and 3.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Education.
The town of Monson has three public schools: Quarry Hill Community School for grades preschool through fourth; Granite Valley Middle School for grades five through eight; and Monson High School for grades nine through twelve. As of the 2017-2018 school year, 929 students collectively are enrolled in the Monson Public Schools.
The town of Monson was formerly the site of Monson Academy, a private school that was founded in 1804 and opened in 1806. In 1847, the academy became the first American school to enroll Chinese students. Among its graduates were | 10,818 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
abolitionist and suffragist Lucy Stone, and two United States Supreme Court justices: William Strong and Henry Billings Brown. Notable faculty members included US Secretary of Labor Frances Perkins, and Louise Torrey Taft, the mother of President William Howard Taft. In 1971, the academy merged with Wilbraham Academy to form Wilbraham & Monson Academy.
# Transportation.
Two numbered highways pass through Monson: Massachusetts Route 32, which enters Monson from Connecticut, forms Main Street in the downtown area, and is the main north-south thoroughfare in the town. US Route 20 forms part of the northern border with Palmer, and also cuts across the extreme northeastern corner of the town.
The | 10,819 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
New England Central Railroad passes north-south through the town, roughly parallel to Route 32. No passenger service is available. The Boston & Albany Railroad line, now operated by CSX, travels across the northwestern part of the town.
# Notable people.
- Allan Bérubé (1946–2007), historian, activist, and author
- Samuel Robbins Brown (1810–1880), missionary
- George Stewart Miller (1884–1971), educator
- Effie Maud Aldrich Morrison, instigator for the plan of the first senior housing project
- Arthur D. Norcross (1848–1916), musician and politician
- Erasmus D. Peck (1808–1876), Congressman
- Albert G. Riddle (1816–1902), Congressman
- Sal Salvador (1928–1999), jazz musician
- Eliphalet | 10,820 |
116801 | Monson, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monson,%20Massachusetts | Monson, Massachusetts
08–1876), Congressman
- Albert G. Riddle (1816–1902), Congressman
- Sal Salvador (1928–1999), jazz musician
- Eliphalet Trask (1806-1890), Lieutenant Governor of Massachusetts
- Henry Martin Tupper (1831–1893), minister and educator
- William L. Utley (1814-1887), military officer and politician
# Notable places and mills.
- Conant Brook Dam
- First Church of Monson
- W.N. Flynt Granite Co.
- Memorial Town Hall
- Monson High School
- Peaked Mountain
- William Norcross House
- Omega Metal Processing
- S. F. Cushman Woolen Mill
- Tree House Brewing Company
- Monson Bellmen
# See also.
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
# External links.
- Town of Monson official website | 10,821 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Chicopee, Massachusetts
Chicopee ( ) is a city located on the Connecticut River in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States of America. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 55,298, making it the second-largest city in Western Massachusetts after Springfield. The current mayor is Richard Kos.
Chicopee uses the nickname "Crossroads of New England" as part of a business-development marketing campaign, a nickname that West Springfield also uses. The name reflects the city's convenient location among a number of metropolitan areas and its transportation network. Four highways run through its boundaries: | 10,822 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
I-90, I-91, I-291, and I-391. State routes such as Route 33, 116, and 141, are major providers of regional linkage.
The communities of Chicopee Center (Cabotville), Chicopee Falls, Willimansett, Fairview, Smith Highlands, Aldenville, Burnett Road, and Westover are located in the city.
# Name.
The city is named after the Chicopee River, a tributary that flows into the Connecticut River at the confluence on in its boundaries. "Chicopee" is derived from the Nipmuc language, probably from the words "chekee" ("violent") and "pe" ("waters") in most Algonquian dialects, with reference to rapids. The Nipmuc were the indigenous people who occupied this area before the arrival of European colonists.
Alternatively, | 10,823 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
"chikkuppee" ("of cedar") may be the adjective form of "chickkup" ("cedar").
# History.
## Nayasett (Cabotville and Chicopee Falls).
In 1636, William Pynchon purchased land from the Agawam Indians on the east side of the Connecticut River. He moved from the Town of Roxbury to Springfield to found the first settlement in the area that comprises the territory of today's Chicopee Center (Cabotville). Both Cabotville and the Falls were developed as manufacturing centers (villages).
According to local historian Charles J. Seaver, the area above the falls was first settled in 1660. The land purchased from the Indians was divided into districts. Nayasett (Nipmuc for "at the small point/angle") | 10,824 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
was the name given to the area of what are now Chicopee Center and Chicopee Falls. The settlement in the upper district was at Skipmuck (possibly based on Nipmuc "Skipmaug," meaning "chief fishing place" or "Shipmuck," meaning "big watery place"), a place above the falls on the south side of the river.
Colonists built a sawmill as the first industrial site along the river. The mill was built at "Skenungonuck" (Nipmuc for "green fields") Falls (now Chicopee Falls) in 1678 by Japhet Chapin, John Hitchcock and Nathaniel Foote.
In 1786, what was called Factory Village began to develop when two acres of land was leased to 10 local men, with the understanding that they would build an iron foundry | 10,825 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
within two years. This was accomplished and the business flourished.
In 1823, Jonathan Dwight purchased the water privilege at Skenungonuck Falls in Chicopee. He built a textile mill and five years later, it operated 14,000 spindles and nearly 500 looms, making it the second-largest operation in the state. It processed cotton from the Deep South, becoming part of the extended slave economy and King Cotton. By 1831, settlers had developed two giant dams, two waterpower canals, and two manufacturing communities on the Chicopee River.
In 1848, Chicopee, which for more than two centuries had been a part of the Town of Springfield, was separated and organized as a distinct town. Political factions | 10,826 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
in Springfield wanted that jurisdiction to remain a town, rather than become a city and take on a mayoral form of government. By partitioning Chicopee, those political factions prevented Springfield from becoming a city until 1852. The result was that Springfield lost 2/5 of its land area and nearly half of its population when Chicopee was created.
Before and after the partition, eight Chicopee River companies gained product recognition around the globe: Ames, Belcher, Lamb, Dwight, Stevens, Spalding, Fisk, and Duryea. Below the falls, in the bend of the river at a place called Factory Village, an important chapter of the region's industrial history was played out.
## Various industries.
Chicopee | 10,827 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
adopted the motto ""Industriae Variae"," which means "Various Industries". Chicopee's industries included cotton mills, woolen mills, textiles, brass and iron foundries, paper making, footwear factories, for leather boots and shoes, the first lucifer matches, and ship building. In nearby South Hadley Canal, the firearms company Crescent-Davis specialized in producing double-barrel shotguns.
The Ames Manufacturing Company made many machines and bronze cannons, and more swords than any other American manufacturer at the time. Ames cast a number of bronze statues, including Thomas Ball's monumental equestrian statue of President George Washington, installed in Boston's Public Garden. Ames was | 10,828 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
a major provider of cannon to the Union army during the Civil War. The Stevens Arms plant (later Savage) was responsible for most of the No. 4 Enfields manufactured for the British under Lend-Lease. Chicopee was home to production of the first gasoline-powered automobile made in the United States, the Duryea.
### Bicycles.
During the late nineteenth century, Chicopee Falls became a major manufacturing center of bicycles. The town was the site of at least two bicycle factories: The Overman Wheel Company (1882 to about 1899), and the Spalding sporting goods company.
Albert H. Overman moved his bicycle production from Hartford, Connecticut to Chicopee Falls in 1883. The Overman company benefited | 10,829 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
from the surging popularity of the safety bicycle during the bicycle boom of the 1890s. At its height in 1894, Overman's factory employed over 1,200 workers. The boom eventually went bust, as overproduction drove the price of bicycles down. By 1901 the Overman firm was out of business.
## Library.
Chicopee was the first city west of Boston to form a publicly funded public library. The Chicopee Public Library was formed by a donation to the city by the Cabotville Institute.
# Neighborhoods.
## Willimansett.
In 1641, Willian Pynchon expanded his 1636 holdings by buying the land from the Chicopee River north to the Willimansett (Nipmuc for "good berries place" or "place of red earth") Brook. | 10,830 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Land sales in Chicopee were recorded in 1659, but apparently no homes were built immediately.
Winthrop McKinstry writes that the sons of Deacon Samuel Chapin appear to be the first home builders. Henry Chapin is believed to have constructed his at Exchange and West streets (lower Chicopee) in 1664, and Japhet Chapin north of what is now known as James Ferry Road (upper Chicopee) in 1673. It is apparent from McKinstry's book that the Chapin family dominated the area north of the Chicopee River for the settlement's first 70 years. Chicopee Street was part of the First Parish in Springfield.
By the 1750s, Quabbin Road (now McKinstry Avenue) allowed the farmers to access the meadows and fields | 10,831 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
on the plains at the top of the hill. The Chapins used the land in common for grazing livestock and built ice houses near several large ponds. The ponds were drained by several brooks which flowed into the Connecticut River.
At the end of the 19th century, the city voted to build the Willimansett Bridge, connecting Willimansett with Holyoke. The results were profound. Willimansett and Aldenville would develop close ties to Holyoke; even postal and telephone service were (and still are) tied to the "Paper City." The legislative act ordering the building of the bridge was passed in 1892. L.L. Johnson reports that the completion of the bridge was grandly celebrated.
By the 20th century, Willimansett | 10,832 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
village had developed into quintessential Americana with a high percentage of French Canadian inhabitants. In total, Chicopee became four distinct commercial and political sub-divisions, each with its own ethnic makeup representing its own special interests and, much too frequently, in conflict with each other.
Located between Fairview and Willimansett, the Smith Highlands section once had its own school (first and second grades), Holyoke Street Railway bus service from Ingham Street across Irene, Factory, and Prospect streets, and two locally owned markets. The former Robert's Pond swimming area was a popular summer attraction, and the fields where the current Bellamy Junior High School is | 10,833 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
located were a popular sledding and skiing location winters.
## Fairview.
Fairview is the northern-most neighborhood (village) in Chicopee and originally included the lands that are now part of Westover ARB. Primarily agricultural, Fairview was known for its tobacco farms. After 1939, Westover helped to rapidly develop the village into a residential and commercial district. Memorial Drive (Route 33) flows North-South connecting Chicopee Falls with South Hadley.
## Aldenville.
On August 18, 1870, Edward Monroe Alden purchased 600 acres of land just east of Willimansett for the sum of $9,000 with the intent to create a "little city on the hill," which would become Aldenville. In 1890, he began | 10,834 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
laying out streets which he named for family members and divided the land up into 60-by-170 feet lots. French-Canadian factory workers from Chicopee Falls, Cabotville (Chicopee Center), and Holyoke began to build up the community. Sold for a selling price of $150 with $10 down, the first house was bought and built by French-Canadian builder and carpenter Marcellin Croteau.
## Partition from Springfield and modern history.
The villages of Cabotville, Chicopee Falls, Willimansett, and Fairview (and the lands that would become Aldenville) remained a part of Springfield, Massachusetts, from 1636 until 1848, when they were partitioned to form the Town of Chicopee. Political factions in Springfield | 10,835 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
had wished to keep Springfield a "town," instead of becoming a "city," which would give it a mayoral form of government. To keep Springfield sufficiently unpopulated to subvert a state regulation that would have required it to become a city, they partitioned Chicopee, which contained approximately 2/5 of Springfield's land area, and nearly half of its population.
Regardless of the partition, Springfield became a city only four years after the partition of Chicopee. Both cities continued to flourish for over a century after the partition.
On April 18, 1890, the community was granted a charter as a city by the Massachusetts General Court. George Sylvester Taylor (1822–1910) became Chicopee's | 10,836 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
first mayor on January 5, 1891.
Westover Field was created by a war-readiness appropriation signed by president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1939. The site used to be tobacco crop fields east of and part of Fairview, east of Aldenview, and northern Willimansett. It was assigned to the United States Army Air Corps Northeast Air District. It was renamed Westover Air Force Base in 1948 after that Air Force's creation as a separate service. In 1974 SAC leadership turned the base over to the Air Force Reserve.
In 1991, St. Stanislaus Bishop and Martyr Church, located on Front Street, was proclaimed a minor basilica by Pope John Paul II.
# Geography.
Chicopee is located at (42.170159, -72.588630).
The | 10,837 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
city is made up of several neighborhoods; the result of the city's origin as a collection of four villages in the northernmost part of Springfield, which seceded from it in 1848. Chicopee Falls, Chicopee Center (Cabotville), Fairview, and Willimansett continued to develop. In the early 1900s, Aldenville developed as a distinct community. Since then, the city has filled in most of its open space resulting in a number of new neighborhoods. These neighborhoods include Chicomansett, Ferry Lane, Sandy Hill and the geographically isolated Burnett Road neighborhood.
The city is bordered by Holyoke to the northwest, West Springfield to the southwest, Springfield to the south, Ludlow to the east, Granby | 10,838 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
to the northeast and South Hadley to the north. Chicopee is located away from Hartford, away from Boston, from Albany and from New York City.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , of which is land and (4.31%) is water. The Chicopee River flows through the south part of the city, emptying into the Connecticut River. Many ponds, lakes, and streams are part of the Chicopee River or Connecticut River watersheds.
Willimansett, and portions of the Center and Falls are on low land, with Aldenville, Fairview, Westover, and the Burnett Road neighborhoods on an elevated plateau. At 288 feet, the highest elevation in the city is on Old Lyman Road, in the Fairview | 10,839 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
section.
# Culture.
## Events.
- The Great New England Air Show is an annual two-day air show held at Westover Air Reserve Base. 300,000 visitors attended in 2008 to a show that featured the USAF Thunderbirds. Approximately 210,000 attended the highly anticipated 2012 show, Although no major jet team headlined the show, military demonstrations by the F/A-18F Super Hornet, F-15C Eagles, V-22 Osprey, B-2 Spirit Stealth Bomber, and a locally based C-5 Galaxy along with civilian aerobatics and warbirds kept spectators entertained; over 60 aircraft were on static display making it the biggest airshow to take place at that location since 1974. The next air show is scheduled for July 14 and 15, | 10,840 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
2018 celebrating the 78th anniversary of Westover ARB with the US Navy's Blue Angels headlining in their first appearance at the base.
- The Sword Game is an annual football game that began in 1964 after the founding of Chicopee's second high school, Chicopee Comprehensive High School. It is held every fall between Chicopee High School and Chicopee Comprehensive High School. The city's mayor presents the winning team with the Mayor's Sword, a sword that was manufactured in the 1890s by Ames Manufacturing Company in Cabotville.
- The World Kielbasa Festival is a four-day fair featuring Polish food, polka dancing, games, and rides. The original K-Fest was held by the Chicopee Chamber of Commerce's | 10,841 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Fireball Club and ran from 1974 until 1997. It was dormant for years, and then revived and held at Szot Park in May 2015. In May 2016, Chicopee's Kielbasa Festival became part of a larger cultural event when it was moved to the Big E grounds in West Springfield.
## Sites.
- Ames Tower in Cabotville, part of the Ames Manufacturing facilities and is now part of the Ames Privilege Apartment complex.
- Frank J. Szot Memorial Park, a focal point for community events in the city with accommodations for baseball, basketball, and picnicking. The stadium is typically used for local and regional soccer and football games. Features include a pond, one WWII and one Cold War era tank, several war monuments, | 10,842 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
and a fountain.
- Chicopee Memorial State Park, located in the Burnett Road neighborhood and used to be known as the Cooley Brook Reservoir and Watershed, the park has been developed into a high use active recreation area. The total area is including two ponds. Activities include swimming, fishing, picnicking, jogging and biking.
- The Basilica of Saint Stanislaus, located on Front Street, is a 1908 brownstone, cathedral-like church built in the Baroque Revival Style of architecture. It is regarded as one of the most imposing churches in the area. The interior of the church can accommodate approximately 800 worshipers in the main and two side naves. A pipe organ was installed in the choir | 10,843 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
loft in 1920. During the parish's 1991 centennial, Pope John Paul II designated it a Minor Basilica.
- The Cabotville Historic Sycamore Trees, trees that were present when Chicopee became a town in 1848, matured when it became a city in 1890. They were designated Heritage Trees in 1999 by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
- The Chicopee Canal Walk, dedicated on May 21, 2010, is a pedestrian walkway and mini park that follows the canal from the Cabotville Historic Sycamore Trees to Grape Street. The path follows a portion of a former industrial railway. Plans are to extend the path to the Deady Bridge, creating a bicycle and pedestrian route connecting Cabotville and Chicopee Falls.
- The | 10,844 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Chicopee City Hall, built in 1871 in the Romanesque style. It was added to the National Register of Historic Place on July 30, 1974.
- The Chicopee War Memorial, located off of the intersection of Bonneville Avenue and Front Street. It is home to several statues and monuments to World War II veterans and Vietnam War veterans.
- The Edward Bellamy House, a National Historic Landmark at 91–93 Church Street in Chicopee Falls, Massachusetts. The house was built in 1852 and was the home of journalist Edward Bellamy. The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places and designated a National Historic Landmark in 1971.
- The Emerson Gaylord Mansion, a historic mansion is located at | 10,845 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
the north edge of the Elms College campus on the corner of Springfield and Fairview Streets (199 Springfield Street). It is described by Kristin O'Connell ("The Architectural Heritage of Chicopee") as a less pure example of the French Second Empire style, because of its asymmetrical exterior and its unusually high steep roof.
- The Facemate Tower, a historic tower on the Chicopee River in Chicopee Falls. It used to be a part of the Facemate Industrial Complex.
- The Polish Center of Discovery and Learning, a local history museum celebrating contributions made to the economy, arts, and sciences by immigrant Poles and their ancestors in Western New England. The museum also sponsors regular workshops, | 10,846 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
exhibits, concerts, conferences, seminars, films, plays, and lectures regarding the cultural traditions, contributions, and history of Poland, the Polish people, and the Polish diaspora.
- The Uniroyal Office Building, a historic building in Chicopee Falls that was part of the Uniroyal Industrial Complex.
- The Willimansett Dike, an elevated, artificial levee in Willimansett, built after the destructive Willimansett flood caused by The Great New England Hurricane of 1938. It stretches from Nash Field, following the Connecticut River south to I-90 bridge adjacent to the Chicopee boat ramp.
- Westover Air Reserve Base, built here in 1940. Originally an Army Air Corps and later Army Air Forces | 10,847 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
installation known as Westover Field, it became Westover Air Force Base when the Air Force became an independent service in 1947. From 1955 until 1974, it was a Strategic Air Command (SAC) installation. Transferred to the Air Force Reserve in 1974, it was renamed Westover Air Reserve Base and is now the home of the 439th Airlift Wing, flying the C-5 Galaxy aircraft. Westover has one of the largest runways on the east coast at 11,597 x and is the largest Air Force Reserve base in the United States. A joint civil-military facility, it is also home to Westover Metropolitan Airport. Two military-minded youth programs, the Young Marines and the Westover Composite Squadron of the Civil Air Patrol | 10,848 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
are also located at Westover.
# Economy.
Chicopee is mostly a service economy with a mixture of small, local businesses and national chains. Reflecting the city's history, many businesses are Polish-American and include the Chicopee Provision Company, a major producer of Polish sausage kielbasa under the Blue Seal brand, and Millie's Pierogi, a producer of traditional Polish dumplings called pierogi.
Despite changes in the global economy, Chicopee does remain home to manufacturers including Callaway Golf which produces more than 5 million golfballs a year at its Willamansett production plant. Since 2013, Chicopee has been home to the headquarters of the Chemex Corporation, makers of the Chemex | 10,849 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
pour-over coffeemaker, which has been produced with the same design since 1941. Chicopee also hosts the Buxton Company, which "designs, manufactures, and markets personal leather goods, travel kits, and gifts collections for men and women." Founded as L.A.W. Novelty Co. in 1898, the firm changed its name to Buxton Co., LLC in 1921.
Chicopee is home to a handful of financial businesses as well including Alden Credit Union, The Polish National Credit Union and Chicopee Savings Bank. Chicopee Savings Bank is run by Chicopee Bancorp, which operates trades as CBNK on the NASDAQ exchange.
The Chicopee River Business Park and Westover Business Park are within the city's boundaries.
# Demographics.
As | 10,850 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
of the census of 2010, Chicopee was 3.1% black, 1.6% Asian, 18.5% Hispanic or Latino of any race, 75% white
As of the census of 2000, there were 54,653 people, 23,117 households, and 14,147 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,389.7 people per square mile (922.7/km²). There were 24,424 housing units at an average density of 1,067.9 per square mile (412.3/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 89.82% White, 2.28% African American, 0.20% Native American, 0.87% Asian, 0.10% Pacific Islander, 4.90% from other races, and 1.84% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 8.76% of the population (12.8% Puerto Rican, 0.5% Dominican, 0.4% Mexican, 0.2% Colombian). | 10,851 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Chicopee is the second largest municipality in Western Massachusetts, after Springfield (defining Western Massachusetts as Hampden, Hampshire, Franklin, and Berkshire counties).
There were 23,117 households out of which 26.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 42.6% were married couples living together, 14.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.8% were non-families. 32.7% of all households were made up of individuals and 14.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.32 and the average family size was 2.96.
In the city, the population was spread out with 22.6% under the age of 18, 8.5% from 18 to 24, 28.8% | 10,852 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 17.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 90.7 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $35,672, and the median income for a family was $44,136. Males had a median income of $35,585 versus $25,975 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,646. About 9.6% of families and 12.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 19.5% of those under age 18 and 9.3% of those age 65 or over.
# Education.
## College of Our Lady of the Elms.
The College of Our Lady of the Elms is a four-year liberal | 10,853 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
arts college offering thirty-three academic majors. It was first founded in 1897 as a girls' preparatory academy in Pittsfield, the Academy of Our Lady of the Elms. In 1899, it moved to Chicopee as St. Joseph's Normal College. A charter for the school to operate as a women's liberal arts college was approved in 1928, and the name was changed to the College of Our Lady of the Elms. It began admitting men in 1998.
## Private elementary.
Chicopee has a multitude of Catholic schools that are operated under the Diocese of Springfield. These schools include: Saint Joan of Arc School which serves Saint Rose de Lima Church on Grattan Street; and Saint Stanislaus School which serves the St. Stanislaus | 10,854 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Bishop & Martyr's Parish Bishop and Martyr on Front Street.
Within the past decade, a number of private elementary schools and their associated parishes have closed. These include Assumption School which served the former Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary parish, Saint Patrick's School which served the former Saint Patrick's parish (closure of this parish is currently in dispute), Holy Name School which served Holy Name of Jesus parish, Mount Carmel School which served the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary parish, and Saint George School which served Saint George's parish that merged with Saint Rose de Lima / Saint Joan of Arc School.
## Private secondary.
Holyoke Catholic High School | 10,855 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
was founded in 1963 at the campus of the former Saint Jerome High School in Holyoke. In 2002 it relocated to the campus of Saint Hyacinth Seminary in Granby. It moved to its current location in September 2008.
# Notable people.
- Scott Barnes, pitcher for Major League Baseball's Toronto Blue Jays
- Fred Belcher, American Race Car Driver, ran in the inaugural Indianapolis 500
- Edward Bellamy, author, most known for 1888's "Looking Backward"
- Teddy Charles, musician
- Duryea brothers, Charles Duryea (1861–1938) and Frank Duryea (1869–1967), were the first to build an automobile in the United States
- Damien Fahey, television and radio personality, former host of MTV's TRL
- Ray Fitzgerald, | 10,856 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
Major League Baseball player
- George S. Irving, actor and singer
- Joe Jackson, gridiron football player
- Philip Labonte, musician, vocalist for All That Remains
- Arthur MacArthur Jr., Army General
- Victoria Principal, attended Chicopee Comprehensive High School through her junior year, 1968
- George D. Robinson, Former Massachusetts Governor and defense counsel of Lizzie Borden
- Garry St. Jean, former NBA basketball coach for the Sacramento Kings
# See also.
- Al's Diner
- Ames Manufacturing Company
- Cabotville Common Historic District
- Carreau Block
- Chicopee Falls Dam
- Dwight Manufacturing Company Housing District
- Overman Wheel Company
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
- | 10,857 |
116795 | Chicopee, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chicopee,%20Massachusetts | Chicopee, Massachusetts
ht Manufacturing Company Housing District
- Overman Wheel Company
- List of mill towns in Massachusetts
- Polish Cathedral style
- Polish National Home
- Springfield Street Historic District
- Belcher Lodge
- Valentine School
- Westover Metropolitan Airport
- Willimansett Bridge
# Further reading.
- Shlakman. Vera. "Economic History of a Factory Town: A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts" (1935)
- Kessler-Harris, Alice. "Vera Shlakman, Economic History of a Factory Town, A Study of Chicopee, Massachusetts (1935)", "International Labor & Working-Class History" Spring 2006, Issue 69, pp. 195–200
# External links.
- Chicopee local news and community events
- Chicopee Public Library | 10,858 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
Lake Edward
Lake Edward, Rutanzige or Edward Nyanza is the smallest of the African Great Lakes. It is located in the Albertine Rift, the western branch of the East African Rift, on the border between the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) and Uganda, with its northern shore a few kilometres south of the equator.
# History.
Henry Morton Stanley first saw the lake in 1888, during the Emin Pasha Relief Expedition. The lake was named in honour of Prince Albert Edward, The Prince of Wales, son of then British-monarch Queen Victoria, and later to become King Edward VII.
In 1973, Uganda and Zaire (DRC) renamed it Lake Idi Amin or Lake Idi Amin Dada after Ugandan dictator Idi Amin. After his | 10,859 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
overthrow in 1979, it recovered its former name.
In 2014, the lake was the center of an oil dispute. SOCO international entered the premises of the Virunga National Park wherethe lake is situated to prospect for oil. However villagers and workers who attempted to stop the oil company from entering the area were beaten up and even kidnapped and tortured. Plans to redraw the lines of Virunga’s boundaries and exclude the lake were taken into consideration. However, since the Park is a world heritage site and the lake is part of it such plans naturally go against the World Heritage Convention.
# Geography.
## Topography and drainage.
Lake Edward lies at an elevation of , is long by wide at its | 10,860 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
maximum points, and covers a total surface area of , making it the 15th-largest on the continent. The lake is fed by the Nyamugasani River, the Ishasha River, the Rutshuru River, the Ntungwe River, and the Rwindi River. Lake George to the northeast empties into it via the Kazinga Channel. Lake Edward empties to the north via the Semliki River into Lake Albert.
The western escarpment of the Great Rift Valley towers up to above the western shore of the lake. The southern and eastern shores are flat lava plains. The Ruwenzori Mountains are north of the lake.
## Volcanism.
The region shows much evidence of volcanic activity over the last 5000 years. The Katwe-Kikorongo and Bunyaruguru Volcanic | 10,861 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
Fields, with extensive cones and craters, lie either side of the Kazinga Channel on the northwest shore of the lake. It is thought that Lakes George and Edward used to be joined as one larger lake, but lava from these fields flowed in and divided it, leaving only the Kazinga Channel as the remnant of the past union. To the south lies the May-ya-Moto thermally active volcano away, and the Nyamuragira volcano in the western Virunga Mountains lies south, but its lava flows have reached the lake in the past.
The Katwe-Kikorongo field features dozens of large craters and cones covering an area of by between lakes Edward and George, and includes seven crater lakes. The largest of these, the long | 10,862 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
Lake Katwe, occupies a crater across and is separated from Lake Edward by just of land. The crater is about deep, and Lake Katwe's surface is about lower than Lake Edward's. It is remarkable that the volcanic origin of this area southeast of the Ruwenzoris was not known until it was reported by G. F. Scott Elliot in 1894. Stanley visited Lake Katwe in 1889 and noted the deep depression, the salinity of the lake, and a spring of sulphurous water nearby, but he failed to connect this to volcanism.
The similarly-sized Bunyaruguru field on the other side of the Kazinga Channel contains about 30 crater lakes, some of which are larger than Katwe.
## Settlements.
Lake Edward lies completely within | 10,863 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
the Virunga National Park (Congo) and the Queen Elizabeth National Park (Uganda) and does not have extensive human habitation on its shores, except at Ishango (DRC) in the north, home to a park ranger training facility. About two-thirds of its waters are in the DRC and one third in Uganda. Apart from Ishango, the main Congolese settlement in the south is Vitshumbi, while the Ugandan settlements are Mweya and Katwe in the northeast, near the crater lake of that name, which is the chief producer of salt for Uganda. The nearest cities are Kasese in Uganda to the northeast and Butembo in the DRC to the northwest, which are respectively about and distant by road.
# Ecology.
Lake Edward is home | 10,864 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
to many species of fish, including populations of "Bagrus docmak", "Oreochromis niloticus", "Oreochromis leucostictus", and over 50 species of "Haplochromis" and other haplochromine species, of which only 25 are formally described. Fishing is an important activity among local residents. Fauna living on the banks of the lake – including chimpanzees, elephants, crocodiles, and lions – are protected by the national parks. The area is also home to many perennial and migratory bird species.
# 2018 Lake Edward Skirmish.
On July 6, 2018 there was a naval skirmish between the two nations of Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo on Lake Edward. This skirmish began as a result of Congolese naval | 10,865 |
511863 | Lake Edward | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lake%20Edward | Lake Edward
o nations of Uganda and Democratic Republic of the Congo on Lake Edward. This skirmish began as a result of Congolese naval vessels being sent to investigate reports of the Ugandan navy apprehending several Congolese fishing vessels, and civilians. This clash resulted in the deaths of one person, and the wounding of three others.
Early reports by local Congolese officials claim that seven were killed in the clash, however, this has not been backed up by either national government. On July 9, North Kivu official Muhindo Kyakwa claimed twelve Congolese fishermen had been killed in the clashes.
# External links.
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
- World Lake Database | 10,866 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
Granville, Massachusetts
Granville is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 1,566 at the 2010 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The town is named for John Carteret, 2nd Earl Granville.
# History and description.
Granville was first settled by English colonists in 1736 and was officially incorporated in 1754, after the end of the Indian wars in 1750. Early settlers could get a lot for free, providing they built a house and "put four acres in English hay". Perhaps the most famous resident of that era was Oliver Phelps, whose purchase of in western New York (the Phelps and Gorham Purchase) following the American | 10,867 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
Revolutionary War remains the largest real estate purchase in US history. The population in Granville expanded quickly, peaking at 2,100 in 1810, when it rivaled Springfield. However, likely due to the rocky soil in New England, many settlers eventually migrated west, some establishing the town of Granville, Ohio.
Many historic homes dot Route 57, the main road through town. The village center, the old center, and West Granville center are all designated as historic districts listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Historic buildings include Granville's Old Meeting House (superb acoustics), the Stevenson house to its west, the West Granville Academy, and the West Granville Church. | 10,868 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
The village center features an old-fashioned country store, known for its cellar-aged cheese.
In addition to period architecture, Granville is the watershed for three reservoirs: Barkhamsted, the main source for the Hartford metropolitan district; Cobble Mountain, the main source for the city of Springfield; and Westfield, the main source for the city of Westfield, Massachusetts. Much of the land in town is owned by the various water districts. Granville also has a number of active apple orchards.
# Geography.
Granville is in southwestern Hampden County, west of Springfield, southwest of Westfield, and east of Great Barrington. Massachusetts Route 57 is the main east-west route through the | 10,869 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
town, and Massachusetts Route 189 leads south from the town center to the Connecticut border. Hartford, Connecticut, is to the south via Route 189.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town of Granville has a total area of , of which are land and , or 1.87%, are water.
Granville is bordered on the north by Blandford and Russell, on the northeast by Westfield, on the east by Southwick, on the south by Granby, Connecticut, and Hartland, Connecticut, and on the west by Tolland.
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,521 people, 556 households, and 409 families residing in the town. The population density was 36.0 people per square mile (13.9/km²). There were 595 | 10,870 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
housing units at an average density of 14.1 per square mile (5.4/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.69% White, 0.26% African American, 0.20% Asian, 0.39% from other races, and 0.46% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.66% of the population.
There were 556 households out of which 36.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.7% were married couples living together, 6.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26.3% were non-families. Of all households 20.9% were made up of individuals and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.73 and the average family size was 3.19.
In the | 10,871 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
town, the population was spread out with 27.6% under the age of 18, 4.9% from 18 to 24, 31.1% from 25 to 44, 25.4% from 45 to 64, and 10.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $53,148, and the median income for a family was $59,219. Males had a median income of $42,273 versus $30,380 for females. The per capita income for the town was $22,315. About 1.8% of families and 3.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 1.0% of those under age 18 and 9.8% of those age 65 or over.
# Library.
The | 10,872 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
Granville public library began in 1894. In fiscal year 2008, the town of Granville spent 0.68% ($31,979) of its budget on its public library—some $18 per person.
# Points of interest.
- Granville State Forest
- Granville Center Historic District
- Granville Village Historic District
- Nobel & Cooley Drum Factory
- West Granville Historic District
- Wild Cat Aqueduct
# Notable people.
- Israel Barlow (1806–1883), Mormon pioneer, co-founder of Nauvoo, Illinois
- Samuel L. M. Barlow, Sr. (1826-1889), politician
- Isaac Chapman Bates (1779–1845), politician
- Lemuel Haynes (1753–1833), African American religious leader
- Daniel Penfield (1759–1840), merchant, soldier, town founder
- | 10,873 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
Oliver Phelps (1749–1809), merchant and politician
- Austin Scott (1848–1922), historian and college president
- Seward Smith (1830–1886?), lawyer, politician, and judge
- Sabrina Tavernise (b. 1971), journalist
# Annual events.
## Granville Harvest Fair.
Running through Columbus Day weekend in October, Granville's Harvest Fair attracts vendors and people from all over New England. The fair stretches along Route 57 from the Granville Village School to the Granville Town Hall (1.4 miles) and has shops lining the streets with a majority of the fair centered at the school, town hall and the town green. A busing system would travel between these three points, however, as of 2012 the fair removed | 10,874 |
116797 | Granville, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Granville,%20Massachusetts | Granville, Massachusetts
Village School to the Granville Town Hall (1.4 miles) and has shops lining the streets with a majority of the fair centered at the school, town hall and the town green. A busing system would travel between these three points, however, as of 2012 the fair removed the town hall from being the last stop in exchange for the Nobel and Cooley Drum Factory located on Water St. This reduced the overall travel length of the buses in half from 1.4 miles to 0.7 mile. The fair itself is primarily a crafts fair with most vendors selling handmade goods.
# External links.
- Town of Granville official website
- "MHC Survey Reconnaissance Town Report: Granville" Massachusetts Historical Commission, 1982. | 10,875 |
116808 | Tolland, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tolland,%20Massachusetts | Tolland, Massachusetts
Tolland, Massachusetts
Tolland is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area. The population was 485 at the 2010 census, making it the smallest town in Hampden County by population.
# History.
Tolland was first settled in 1750 when it was part of neighboring Granville. Tolland was officially incorporated in 1810.
# Geography.
Tolland occupies the southwest corner of Hampden County and is bordered on the north by Otis and Blandford, on the east by Granville, on the south by Hartland and Colebrook, Connecticut, and on the west by Sandisfield. Massachusetts Route 57 crosses the center of the town, leading | 10,876 |
116808 | Tolland, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tolland,%20Massachusetts | Tolland, Massachusetts
east to Agawam and west New Marlborough. The West Branch of the Farmington River forms most of the western boundary of the town. The southern end of Otis Reservoir is in the northern part of town. The eastern part of town is drained by tributaries of the Hubbard River, which flows southeast to the East Branch of the Farmington River. The northeast corner of the town is drained by Ripley Brook, which flows east via the Little River to the Westfield River. The entire town is part of the Connecticut River watershed.
According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which are land and , or 3.77%, are water.
Tolland State Forest and Granville State Forest protect a part of | 10,877 |
116808 | Tolland, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tolland,%20Massachusetts | Tolland, Massachusetts
the town's area.
# Demographics.
As of the census of 2000, there were 426 people, 169 households, and 114 families residing in the town. The population density was 13.5 people per square mile (5.2/km²). There were 478 housing units at an average density of 15.1 per square mile (5.8/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 97.42% White, 0.94% African American, 1.17% Native American, 0.23% Asian, and 0.23% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.17% of the population.
There were 169 households out of which 26.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66.3% were married couples living together, 1.2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.0% | 10,878 |
116808 | Tolland, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tolland,%20Massachusetts | Tolland, Massachusetts
were non-families. Of all households 28.4% were made up of individuals and 13.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.52 and the average family size was 3.06.
In the town, the population was spread out with 23.9% under the age of 18, 3.3% from 18 to 24, 31.0% from 25 to 44, 28.9% from 45 to 64, and 12.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 41 years. For every 100 females, there were 114.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.9 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $53,125, and the median income for a family was $65,417. Males had a median income of $41,094 versus $35,278 for | 10,879 |
116808 | Tolland, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tolland,%20Massachusetts | Tolland, Massachusetts
median income for a household in the town was $53,125, and the median income for a family was $65,417. Males had a median income of $41,094 versus $35,278 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,126. About 2.3% of families and 4.2% of the population were below the poverty line, including none of those under age 18 and 17.7% of those age 65 or over.
# Library.
The Tolland Public Library was established in 1892. In fiscal year 2008, the town of Tolland spent 0.97% ($10,271) of its budget on its public library—some $22 per person.
# External links.
- Town of Tolland official website
- "MHC Survey Reconnaissance Town Report: Tolland"—Massachusetts Historical Commission, 1982 | 10,880 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
Klein, Texas
Klein is an unincorporated community in the extraterritorial jurisdiction of Houston within north Harris County, Texas, United States, roughly bordering Texas State Highway 99 to the north, Texas State Highway 249 to the west, Interstate 45 to the east, and the city of Houston to the south. It includes the entire area of Klein ISD. Residents of the zip codes 77066, 77069, 77086, 77379, 77388, 77389 and 77391 can use Klein as their postal city.
It is named after Adam Klein, a German immigrant whose best-known great-great-grandson is singer Lyle Lovett. Other famous sons and daughters of the Klein community include actor Jim Parsons, actor Lee Pace, actor Matthew Bomer, actress Lynn | 10,881 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
Collins, actress Sherry Stringfield, singer/songwriter Derek Webb, songwriter Aaron Tate, singer/songwriter Chase Hamblin, actor Ben Rappaport, Major League Baseball players David Murphy and Josh Barfield, NFL players Randy Bullock, Ashton Youboty, Mike Green (running back), and Olympic gold medalists Laura Wilkinson and Chad Hedrick as well as Kevin M. Klein chef and restaurateur
Klein is served by David Wayne Hooks Memorial Airport, one of just a few privately owned airports in the U.S. to have a Federal Aviation Administration control tower, and home to Civil Air Patrol's Delta Composite Squadron.
Klein has a Humid subtropical climate. The area is susceptible to flooding and hurricanes.
# | 10,882 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
Government and infrastructure.
## Local government.
The Klein Volunteer Fire Department, headquartered at 16810 Sqyures and operates with eight stations, serves areas considered to be Klein. KVFD stations in areas with Klein postal addresses. Klein FD is funded by Harris County ESD 16.
Klein FD is operated under a Fire Chief, Deputy Fire Chief, 2 District Chiefs and 3 Safety Officers.
Klein FD station locations.
Station 31 at 18337 Stuebner-Airline Road. Engine 31, Tower 31, Tanker 31. Reserve Engine 39
Station 32 is at Gladebrook and West FM 1960. Engine 32, Ladder 32, Utility 32
Station 33 at 9755 Landry Boulevard Engine 33, Rescue 33, Tanker 33
Station 34 at 16810 Squyres Road. Engine | 10,883 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
34, Rescue 34, Squad 34, Reserve Engine 38
Station 35 at Boudreaux near Miramar Lake Blvd. Engine 35, Rehab 35, Booster 35
Station 36 at N. Eldridge Parkway at North Point Blvd. Engine 36, Ladder 36, Booster 36
Station 37 at 5518 Winding Ridge Drive. Engine 37, Equipment 37, Utility 37
## County, state, and federal representation.
Klein is within Harris County Precinct 4. As of 2015, R. Jack Cagle is the Precinct 4 County Commissioner.
The community is served by the Harris County Sheriff's Office District I Patrol, headquartered from the Cypresswood Substation at 6831 Cypresswood Drive.
Ted Poe is the U.S. Representative for the 2nd Congressional District serving Klein, Texas. State Representative | 10,884 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
Debbie Riddle represents the 150th legislative district.
The United States Postal Service operates the Klein Post Office at 7717 Louetta Road.
# Education.
The Klein community is primarily served by the Klein Independent School District, established by the Texas Legislature in 1977. The Klein ISD area joined the North Harris Montgomery Community College District (now Lone Star College) in 1998.
# Demographics.
The 2016 estimate for the Klein area was 200,805 people. The racial makeup of the town was 48.3 percent White, 30.4 percent Black, 0.6 percent Native American, 14.8 percent Asian, 0.1 percent Pacific Islander, 5.8 percent from other races. Persons of Hispanic origin, regardless of | 10,885 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
race, accounted for 28.9 percent of the population. About 27.7% of families live below the poverty line.
# Parks and recreation.
Harris County Precinct 4 Commissioner operates the Klein Park. The park has four lighted athletic ball fields and toilet facilities.
Meyer Park, a 40-acre park, which straddles Cypresswood Road has 38 multiple-sized soccer fields for different age groups. The park also has 4 baseball fields, a playground, a dog park, toilet facilities, and pavilions.
# External links.
- Hooks Airport Web Site
- Delta Composite Squadron, Civil Air Patrol
- Klein Volunteer Fire Department
- Cypress Creek EMS
- Klein Independent School District
- Story about Lyle Lovett's connection | 10,886 |
511848 | Klein, Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Klein,%20Texas | Klein, Texas
or 28.9 percent of the population. About 27.7% of families live below the poverty line.
# Parks and recreation.
Harris County Precinct 4 Commissioner operates the Klein Park. The park has four lighted athletic ball fields and toilet facilities.
Meyer Park, a 40-acre park, which straddles Cypresswood Road has 38 multiple-sized soccer fields for different age groups. The park also has 4 baseball fields, a playground, a dog park, toilet facilities, and pavilions.
# External links.
- Hooks Airport Web Site
- Delta Composite Squadron, Civil Air Patrol
- Klein Volunteer Fire Department
- Cypress Creek EMS
- Klein Independent School District
- Story about Lyle Lovett's connection to Klein | 10,887 |
511881 | The Power of Darkness | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Power%20of%20Darkness | The Power of Darkness
The Power of Darkness
The Power of Darkness (, Vlast' t'my) is a five-act drama by Leo Tolstoy. Written in 1886, the play's production was forbidden in Russia until 1902, mainly through the influence of Konstantin Pobedonostsev. In spite of the ban, the play was unofficially produced and read numerous times.
# Overview.
The central character is a peasant, Nikita, who seduces and abandons a young orphan girl Marinka; then the lovely Anisija murders her own husband to marry Nikita. He impregnates his new stepdaughter, then, under his wife's influence, murders the baby. On the day of his stepdaughter's marriage, he surrenders himself and confesses to the police.
# Production history.
Constantin | 10,888 |
511881 | The Power of Darkness | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Power%20of%20Darkness | The Power of Darkness
Stanislavski, the Russian theatre practitioner, had wanted to stage the play in 1895; he had persuaded Tolstoy to rewrite act four along lines that Stanislavski had suggested, but the production did not materialise. He eventually staged it with his Moscow Art Theatre in 1902. That production opened on 5 December and enjoyed some success. Stanislavski, however, was scathingly critical, particularly of his own performance as Mitrich. Years later, in his autobiography "My Life in Art", he wrote:
Actor Jacob Adler had a New York hit in 1904 with his own Yiddish translation—the first successful production of a Tolstoy play in the United States.
In 1923, the German epic theatre director Erwin Piscator | 10,889 |
511881 | The Power of Darkness | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Power%20of%20Darkness | The Power of Darkness
staged the play at his "proletarian Volksbühne" (a rival to the Volksbühne), in Berlin. "Our intention," Piscator writes, "was to move toward a political message from a broad artistic base." The production opened on 19 January at the Central-Theater on the Alte Jakob Strasse. Having aimed for "the greatest possible realism in acting and decor," Piscator described his production as "thoroughly naturalistic." Herbert Ihering approved of its attempt to bring serious drama at low ticket-prices to working-class audiences, though he thought that its attention to naturalistic detail distracted from the core meaning of the play.
# Works cited.
- Adler, Jacob. 1999. "A Life on the Stage: A Memoir". | 10,890 |
511881 | The Power of Darkness | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20Power%20of%20Darkness | The Power of Darkness
tic detail distracted from the core meaning of the play.
# Works cited.
- Adler, Jacob. 1999. "A Life on the Stage: A Memoir". Translated by Lulla Rosenfeld. New York: Knopf. .
- Benedetti, Jean. 1999. "Stanislavski: His Life and Art". Revised edition. Original edition published in 1988. London: Methuen. .
- Piscator, Erwin. 1980. "The Political Theatre." Trans. Hugh Rorrison. London: Methuen. . Originally published in 1929; revised edition 1963.
- Rorrison, Hugh. 1980. Editorial notes. In Piscator (1980).
- Willett, John. 1978. "The Theatre of Erwin Piscator: Half a Century of Politics in the Theatre". London: Methuen. .
# External links.
- The Power of Darkness at Project Gutenberg | 10,891 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
Southwick, Massachusetts
Southwick is a town in Hampden County, Massachusetts, United States. The population was 9,502 at the 2010 census, up from 8,835 at the 2000 census. It is part of the Springfield, Massachusetts Metropolitan Statistical Area.
# History.
Southwick was originally inhabited by either the Matitacooke, Mayawaug or Woronoake Native American tribes.
## Early history.
In the mid-17th century, pioneering English explorers moving up the Connecticut River Valley, seeking fertile farmlands and game, discovered the area and settled Southwick. It became a farming community, defined as the Southern "(South-)" village "(-wick)" part of the town of Westfield, Massachusetts. Early on, | 10,892 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
it was nicknamed "Poverty Plains" because the land was thought to be infertile. Its first residential home was built by Samuel Fowler and his wife Naomi Noble on what is now College Highway (US 202 and MA 10), about a quarter mile north of the current town center.
In colonial times, church attendance was mandatory. The 800 Christian residents of Southwick in the 1760–70s were required to travel to Westfield to congregate. Only by establishing their own church community could they establish their own parish, as they desired. On November 7, 1770, Southwick was incorporated as a separate district of Westfield. The area of Southwick became somewhat smaller in 1770. The southernmost portion of Southwick | 10,893 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
joined Suffield, Connecticut, as the result of a simultaneous secession of citizens in that part of the village.
## Independence.
Ultimately, Southwick became a fully independent town in 1770. The town remained divided until 1793, when Massachusetts claimed the area (known as the "jog"). A border dispute continued until 1804, when the current boundary was established through a compromise between Connecticut and Massachusetts. As a result of this border resolution, Southwick is the southernmost town in western Massachusetts.
## Early 1800s.
In the early 19th century, the Farmington Canal and Hampshire and Hampden Canal were built to link New Haven, Connecticut, to Northampton, Massachusetts, | 10,894 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
through Southwick. Irish immigrants came to the area to labor on this project. Developers spoke of Southwick's potential, calling it the "Port of the World". Farmers worried that the canal would drain the area's lakes. It was reported that citizens would kick in the banks to damage the canal. Traces of the canal can still be found in the Great Brook and Congamond Lakes area. Due to winter freezings, summer drought and wildlife impact (beaver dams, etc.), the canal was phased out in favor of the railroad.
Completed in the late 1840s, the New Haven and Northampton Company's railroad was built alongside the canal (more or less) as a revolutionary mode of travel to and through Southwick. With the | 10,895 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
railroad came the ice industry and the tourist resorts around the Congamond Lakes (which were named "Wenekeiamaug" by the previous Native peoples). Several ornate hotels and dance halls were built, as well as a small amusement park. During the Industrial Era, summer vacationers and daytrippers would escape the hot and dirty cities connected by the Northeast Railroad Corridor from New York City, Albany, Boston, Worcester, Hartford and especially Springfield. There was a special stop near the lakes where visitors would disembark to swim and/or pile into canopied pleasure boats.
During the First and Second World Wars, trains loaded with soldiers would pass through town. It has been noted that | 10,896 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
local girls would gather letters thrown by the soldiers from the train – and forward them to the intended recipients at the post office. The last train to pass along these tracks was around 1976. As of 2008, the old railway is in the process of being converted into a rail trail leading to Granby, Connecticut.
All of Southwick's grand hotels and ornate train stations have since been torn down. Babb's Roller Skating Rink (on the Suffield side of Congamond Lakes) is all that remains of the amusement park.
# Industry.
## Tobacco farming.
The fertile soils in the farmlands of Southwick grow tobacco as a lucrative cash crop.
## Ice harvesting.
Ice collected from the Congamond Lakes was once | 10,897 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
stored in massive ice houses in blocks and delivered via railway for food storage from New York City to Boston before electric refrigerators were available for public purchase.
# Town center.
The original town center was located adjacent the Old Cemetery on College Highway at Klaus Anderson Road. With the town border being redefined, the townspeople once considered the current Gillette's Corner (where the McDonald's and Big Y Market currently sit) as the center. Commerce and practicality led to the development of the current town center, as seen today, in a group of Colonial and Greek Revival buildings, including the landmark Congregational church and town square (at the intersection of Granville | 10,898 |
116805 | Southwick, Massachusetts | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Southwick,%20Massachusetts | Southwick, Massachusetts
Road, Depot Street, and College Highway).
## Remains of the original town green.
At the busy intersection of College Highway (U.S. Route 202) at Granville Road (Massachusetts Route 57 west) and Depot Street there was a town green. Basic markets of trade, communication, medical and grooming services, barns and utilitarian outbuildings served the traveling public and their horses as well as Southwick's own. A growing collection of homes and civic buildings reflected the period in which they were built. A space for civic gatherings formed. Notably, a village meeting hall was built on the west side of College Highway across from where the Congregational church still stands. The library found its | 10,899 |
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