wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
crisis in funding for science research and for the provision of adequate education, healthcare, transportation and communication infrastructure, and criminal justice and law enforcement.
Leon Lederman, a promoter and advocate from its early days, wrote his 1993 popular science book "" – ... | 12,300 |
512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
was cancelled, of tunnel and 17 shafts to the surface were already dug, and nearly two billion dollars had already been spent on the massive facility.
# Comparison to the Large Hadron Collider.
The SSC's planned collision energy of 2 x 20 = 40 TeV was roughly three times that of the 2 x... | 12,301 |
512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
buildout budget was only about ten percent of the total budgeted cost (1.1 billion dollars out of a total cost of 10 billion). The major cost item was the magnets, still in laboratory development phase, consequently with a higher level of uncertainty attached to the final cost.
The LHC's... | 12,302 |
512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
per year. The Large Hadron Collider became operational in August 2008.
# Current status of site.
After the project was cancelled, the main site was deeded to Ellis County, Texas, and the county tried numerous times to sell the property. The property was finally sold in August 2006 to an... | 12,303 |
512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
Super Collider.
# See also.
- DESY
- Large Hadron Collider
- UNK proton accelerator – a similar competing Soviet project discontinued at about the same time in Russia
- Future Circular Collider study - design project (as of 2017) including the concept of a circular collider with a ci... | 12,304 |
512286 | Superconducting Super Collider | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Superconducting%20Super%20Collider | Superconducting Super Collider
niverse Is the Answer, What Is the Question?". Delta. .
- Wouk, Herman (2004). "A Hole In Texas", fiction. Little, Brown. .
- Sterling, Bruce (July 1994). "The Dead Collider". "Fantasy & Science Fiction "Science column. Issue #13, 1994.
- Drell, Sidney D., Chair. (May 2004). "The Super... | 12,305 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( – ) was an Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure, as well as folklorist and ethnographer. His literary heritage is regarded to be the foundation of modern Ukrainian literature and, to a large extent, the modern Ukrainian language. S... | 12,306 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
youth.
Taras Shevchenko was born on in the village of Moryntsi, Zvenyhorodka county, Kiev Governorate, Russian Empire (today Zvenyhorodka Raion, Ukraine). He was the third child after his sister Kateryna and brother Mykyta, in family of serf peasants Hryhoriy Ivanovych Shevchenko (1782? – 1825) and Ka... | 12,307 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
normal social life for many years afterwards. Most of the local population were then enslaved and reduced to poverty.
In 1816 Shevchenko family moved back to the village of Kyrylivka (today Shevchenkove) in Zvenyhorodka county, where Taras' father, Hryhoriy Ivanovych, had been born. Taras spent his ch... | 12,308 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
with Hryhoriy Skovoroda's works. During 1822-1828 Shevchenko painted horses and soldiers.
On his older sister and nanny Kateryna married Anton Krasytskyi, a serf "from Zelena Dibrova". On Taras' hard working mother died. A month later on his father married a widow Oksana Tereshchenko, a native of Mory... | 12,309 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
became an orphan when, on , his father died as a serf in corvée. Soon his stepmother along with her children returned to Moryntsi.
Taras went to work for precentor (dyak) Bohorsky who had just arrived from Kiev in 1824. As an apprentice, Taras carried water, heated up a school, served the precentor, r... | 12,310 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
and Tarasivka). In 1827 Shevchenko was herding community sheep near his village. He then met Oksana Kovalenko, a childhood friend, whom Shevchenko mentions in his works on multiple occasions. He dedicated the introduction of his poem "Mariana, the Nun" to her.
As a hireling for the Kyrylivka priest Hr... | 12,311 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
Kyrylivka and all its people became a property of his son, Pavlo Engelhardt. Shevchenko was turned into a court servant of his new master at the Vilshana estates. On Pavlo Engelgardt caught Shevchenko at night painting a portrait of Cossack Matvii Platov, a hero of the Patriotic War of 1812. He boxed t... | 12,312 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
In the same city Shevchenko could also have witnessed the November Uprising of 1830. From those times Shevchenko's painting "Bust of a Woman" survived. It indicates almost professional handling of the pencil.
After moving from Vilno to Saint Petersburg in 1831, Engelgardt took Shevchenko along with hi... | 12,313 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
In Saint Petersburg he also started writing his poems.
In 1833 Shevchenko painted a portrait of his master (National museum of Taras Shechenko).
In his novel "Artist" Shevchenko described that during the pre-academical period he painted such works as "Apollo Belvedere", "Fraklete", "Heraclitus", "Arc... | 12,314 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
other compatriots such as Yevhen Hrebinka and Vasyl Hryhorovych, and to Russian painter Alexey Venetsianov. Through these men Shevchenko also met famous painter and professor Karl Briullov, who donated his portrait of Russian poet Vasily Zhukovsky as a lottery prize. Its proceeds were used to buy Shevc... | 12,315 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
received the Silver Medal, this time for his first oil painting, "The Beggar Boy Giving Bread to a Dog".
Shevchenko began writing poetry while still being a serf, and in 1840 his first collection of poetry, "Kobzar", was published. According to Ivan Franko, a renowned Ukrainian poet in the generation ... | 12,316 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
In 1842, he released a part of the tragedy "Mykyta Haidai" and in 1843 he completed the drama "Nazar Stodolia".
While residing in Saint Petersburg, Shevchenko made three trips to Ukraine, in 1843, 1845, and 1846. The difficult conditions Ukrainians had made a profound impact on the poet-painter. Shevc... | 12,317 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
ruins and cultural monuments in an album of etchings, which he called "Picturesque Ukraine".
## Exile.
On 22 March 1845, the Council of the Academy of Arts granted Shevchenko the title of a non-classed artist. He again travelled to Ukraine where he met with historian Nikolay Kostomarov and other memb... | 12,318 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
of the major issues of the scandal.
Shevchenko was arrested along with other members of the society on 5 April 1847. Tsar Nicholas read Shevchenko's poem, "Dream". Vissarion Belinsky wrote in his memoirs that, Nicholas I, knowing Ukrainian very well, laughed and chuckled whilst reading the section abo... | 12,319 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
report of Orlov Shevchenko was accused in using "Little-Russian language" (archaic Russian name for Ukrainian language) of outrageous content instead of being grateful to be redeemed out of serfdom. In the report Orlov claimed that Shevchenko was expressing a cry over alleged enslavement and disaster o... | 12,320 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
as a private to the Russian military garrison in Orenburg at Orsk, near the Ural Mountains. Tsar Nicholas I, confirming his sentence, added to it, "Under the strictest surveillance, without the right to write or paint."
He was subsequently sent on a forced march from Saint Petersburg to Orenburg where... | 12,321 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
expedition of the Aral Sea on the ship "Konstantin", under the command of Lieutenant Butakov. Although officially a common sailor, Shevchenko was tasked to sketch various landscapes around the coast of the Aral Sea, including the local Kazakhs nomads, and was effectively treated as an equal by the othe... | 12,322 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
sent to one of the worst penal settlements, the remote fortress of Novopetrovsk in the mouth of the Syr Darya, where he spent six terrible years of mental and physical torment.
In 1857 Shevchenko finally returned from exile after receiving amnesty, though he was not permitted to return to St. Petersbu... | 12,323 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
well as editing his older works, however after difficult years in exile his illnesses took too much. Shevchenko died in Saint Petersburg on 10 March 1861, the day after his 47th birthday.
He was first buried at the Smolensk Cemetery in Saint Petersburg. However, fulfilling Shevchenko's wish, expressed... | 12,324 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
by terrible misfortune in love and life, the poet died seven days before the Emancipation of Serfs was announced. His works and life are revered by Ukrainians throughout the world and his impact on Ukrainian literature is immense.
# Artwork.
835 works survived into modern times in original form and p... | 12,325 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
are - portraits, compositions on mythological, historical and household themes, architectural landscapes and scenery. The techniques used for that were oil painting on canvas, watercolor, sepia, inking, lead pencil, as well as etching on separate sheets of white, colored and tinted paper of different s... | 12,326 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
"Testament", ("Zapovit", 1845), has been translated into more than 150 languages and set to music in the 1870s by H. Hladky. The poem enjoys a status second only to Ukraine's national anthem.
# Family.
Shevchenko never married. He had six siblings and at least three step-siblings, of whom only Stepan... | 12,327 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
(1811–1870?)
- 1. Iryna Kovtun (Shevchenko)
- 2. Prokop Shevchenko
- 3. Petro Shevchenko (1847–1944?)
- 3. Maria Hryhorivna Shevchenko (1814?–unknown) (His twin sister)
- 4. Yaryna Hryhorivna Boiko (Shevchenko) (1816–1865) married Fedir Kondratievych Boiko (1811–1850)
- 1. Maryna Boiko
- 2. Usty... | 12,328 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
(20 September 1843–unknown)
# Heritage and legacy.
## Impact.
Taras Shevchenko's writings formed the foundation for the modern Ukrainian literature to a degree that he is also considered the founder of the modern written Ukrainian language (although Ivan Kotlyarevsky pioneered the literary work in w... | 12,329 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
ideas germane to Ukraine and his personal vision of its past and future.
In view of his literary importance, the impact of his artistic work is often missed, although his contemporaries valued his artistic work no less, or perhaps even more, than his literary work. A great number of his pictures, draw... | 12,330 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
has been so immense, that even during Soviet times, the official position was to downplay strong Ukrainian nationalism expressed in his poetry, suppressing any mention of it, and to put an emphasis on the social and anti-Tsarist aspects of his legacy, the Class struggle within the Russian Empire. Shevc... | 12,331 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
in modern independent Ukraine, where he is now viewed as almost an iconic figure with unmatched significance for the Ukrainian nation, a view that has been mostly shared all along by the Ukrainian diaspora that has always revered Shevchenko.
He inspired some of the protestors during the Euromaidan.
#... | 12,332 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
in the center of Kiev, just across from the Kiev University that bears his name. The Kiev Metro station, Tarasa Shevchenka, is also dedicated to Shevchenko. Among other notable monuments to the poet located throughout Ukraine are the ones in Kharkiv (in front of Shevchenko Park), Lviv, Luhansk and many... | 12,333 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
materials. The concrete statue in Romny also began to decay, but was remade in bronze and re-unveiled in 1982. The original Romny statue is currently located in Kiev's Andriyivskyy Descent.
After Ukraine gained its independence in the wake of the 1991 Soviet Collapse, some Ukrainian cities replaced th... | 12,334 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
Ukrainian diasporas. There are several memorial societies and monuments to him throughout Canada and the United States, most notably the monument in Washington, D.C., near Dupont Circle. The granite monument was carved by Vincent Illuzzi of Barre, Vermont. There is also a monument in Soyuzivka in New Y... | 12,335 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
21, 2015.
There is also a statue of Taras Shevchenko in the central park near the St. Krikor Lusavorich Cathedral in Yerevan, Armenia.
# See also.
- Legacy of Taras Shevchenko
- List of things named after Taras Shevchenko
- Taras Shevchenko Place, a street in New York City
- Izbornyk, contains co... | 12,336 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
see text of a "free-to-go" document from 22 April 1838: «»). During Shevchenko's lifetime in Ukrainian texts were used two variants: «» (see the letter of Hryhory Kvitka-Osnovyanenko from October 23, 1840: «») and «» (the letter of same author from April 29, 1842: «»). In Russian it is accepted to writ... | 12,337 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
in his book "Taras Shevchenko-Hrushivsky" claiming that the first who told the story of "iron pillars" was .
d. Metric book of village Moryntsi for 1823, note #16. Preserved at the Shevchenko National Museum in Kiev.
e. see article on Oksana Antonivna Tereshchenko in the Shevchenko dictionary.
# Fur... | 12,338 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
Victor Pogadaev. Taras Shevchenko: Jubli ke-200. - in: Pentas, Jil. 9, Bil. 1 - Mac 2014. Kuala Lumpur: Istana Budaya, 45-49 (in Malay)
- Shevchenko, T. Kobzar (The Complete English Edition with Illustrations). London: Glagoslav Publications, 2013. ,
- Zinaida Tulub. The Exile (Biographical fiction a... | 12,339 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
Shevchenko in various languages including English
- Poems by Taras Shevchenko for reading online in Ukrainian
- The Ukrainian poet Shevchenko T.G. (Ural marble 0,38x0,35x1,38) is Author, known sculptor Shmat'ko
- Infoukes.com – Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada
- Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada —... | 12,340 |
512244 | Taras Shevchenko | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Taras%20Shevchenko | Taras Shevchenko
– Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada
- Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada — Detailed biography
- Taras Shevchenko Museum of Canada — English Translations of the Poetry of Taras Shevchenko
- Self portraits of Taras Shevchenko
- Shevchenko's paintings and Ukrainian art songs by Ukrainian composers on S... | 12,341 |
512301 | Karl Davydov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20Davydov | Karl Davydov
Karl Davydov
Karl Yulievich Davydov (; ) was a Russian cellist of great renown during his time, and described by Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky as the "czar of cellists". He was also a composer, mainly for the cello.
# Biography.
Davydov was the son of a physician from Courland Governorate. His elder brother ... | 12,342 |
512301 | Karl Davydov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20Davydov | Karl Davydov
He later became head of the St Petersburg Conservatory. He had many students, including Aleksandr Verzhbilovich.
In 1870 Count Wilhorsky, a patron of the arts, presented Davydov with a Stradivarius cello constructed in 1712. This cello, now known as the "Davidov Stradivarius", was owned by Jacqueline du P... | 12,343 |
512301 | Karl Davydov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20Davydov | Karl Davydov
Tchaikovsky's sister Alexandra married. Davydov died in Moscow on 26 February 1889. Anton Arensky dedicated his first piano trio to Davydov's memory.
# Cello Transcriptions.
Davydov (also appeared in different spellings: Davidoff / Davidov) transcribed and arranged Chopin's solo piano works for violoncel... | 12,344 |
512301 | Karl Davydov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20Davydov | Karl Davydov
7, Fantasie from a Russian folk song for cello and orchestra
- Opus 11, Concert Allegro in A minor for cello and orchestra or cello and piano
- Opus 14, Cello Concerto No. 2 in A minor (1863)(1860?)
- Opus 16, 3 Salon pieces ("Mondnacht", "Lied", "Märchen") for cello and piano
- Opus 17, "Souvenirs d'O... | 12,345 |
512301 | Karl Davydov | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Karl%20Davydov | Karl Davydov
pus 11, Concert Allegro in A minor for cello and orchestra or cello and piano
- Opus 14, Cello Concerto No. 2 in A minor (1863)(1860?)
- Opus 16, 3 Salon pieces ("Mondnacht", "Lied", "Märchen") for cello and piano
- Opus 17, "Souvenirs d'Oranienbaum" (Adian – Barcarolle)
- Opus 18, Cello Concerto No. 3... | 12,346 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
Disorders of calcium metabolism
Disorders of calcium metabolism occur when the body has too little or too much calcium. The serum level of calcium is closely regulated within a fairly limited range in the human body. In a healthy physiology, extracellular calcium levels are maintained w... | 12,347 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
can be parathyroid related or vitamin D related. Parathyroid related hypocalcemia includes post-surgical hypoparathyroidism, inherited hypoparathyroidism, pseudohypoparathyroidism, and pseudo-pseudohypoparathyroidism. Post-surgical hypoparathyroidism is the most common form, and can be t... | 12,348 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
display normal parathyroid hormone action in the kidney, but exhibit altered parathyroid hormone action in the bone.
Vitamin D related hypocalcemia may be associated with a lack of vitamin D in the diet, a lack of sufficient UV exposure, or disturbances in renal function. Low vitamin D ... | 12,349 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
hypercalcemia can be non-severe and present with no symptoms, or it may be severe, with life-threatening symptoms. Hypercalcemia is most commonly caused by hyperparathyroidism and by malignancy, and less commonly by vitamin D intoxication, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia and by sarc... | 12,350 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
myeloma, and colon cancer. It may be caused by secretion of parathyroid hormone-related peptide by the tumor (which has the same action as parathyroid hormone), or may be a result of direct invasion of the bone, causing calcium release.
Symptoms of hypercalcemia include anorexia, nausea... | 12,351 |
512310 | Disorders of calcium metabolism | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Disorders%20of%20calcium%20metabolism | Disorders of calcium metabolism
lcium varies with the level of serum albumin, a protein to which calcium is bound, and therefore levels of "ionized calcium" are better measures than a "total calcium"; however, one can correct a "total calcium" if the albumin level is known.
- A normal "ionized calcium" is 1.12-1.45 mm... | 12,352 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
Rick Mears
Rick Ravon Mears (born December 3, 1951 in Wichita, Kansas), also known by the nickname "Rocket Rick", is a retired American race car driver. He is one of three men to win the Indianapolis 500 four times (1979, 1984, 1988, 1991), and is the current record-holder for pole positions in the race wit... | 12,353 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
attracted the attention of Roger Penske. Although at the time Penske Racing had the services of Mario Andretti and Tom Sneva, Andretti was also racing in Formula One with Lotus, and Penske wanted another young driver who would focus exclusively on American racing. For 1978, Mears was offered a part-time ride... | 12,354 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
not lead a lap and retired at 104 laps with a blown engine. He ended up sharing "Rookie of the Year" honors with Larry Rice. Two weeks later, at the Rex Mays 150, he won his first race. He added another win a month later at Atlanta and rounded off the year with his first road course win at Brands Hatch.
## ... | 12,355 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
second heat.
## 1980.
In 1980 the ground effect Chaparral was technologically more advanced than the other chassis, and Johnny Rutherford drove it to his 3rd Indianapolis 500 win, going on to dominate the season. Mears finished in fourth place in the points with one win, scored at Mexico City.
In 1980 Mea... | 12,356 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
Indy win. With less than 20 laps to go, during Mears' final pit stop, the crew filled the entire tank rather than giving him only the amount he needed to finish. The delay left him more than 11 seconds behind Gordon Johncock. Mears made up the difference when Johncock suffered handling problems, but failed t... | 12,357 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
pace.
## 1983–1984.
For 1983 the Penske team would acquire the Pennzoil sponsorship with its yellow paint scheme. Teammate Al Unser took that year's title. The team switched to the March chassis for the 1984 Indianapolis 500 after the Penske chassis proved unsuccessful in the first two races of the year. M... | 12,358 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
the remainder of his career. Over the next three seasons, he won only two races. He completed a comeback from his injuries by winning the 1985 Pocono 500. In 1986, he won the pole position for the Indy 500, but finished only 3rd. He also won the 1987 Pocono 500.
## 1988–1990.
In 1988, after several years u... | 12,359 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
winning that race. Also, that last race of 1989 set Mears apart from all other Indycar racers as he broke a tie with Bobby Rahal for race wins and became the most successful Indycar racer of the 1980s. In his winner's circle interview, when asked about breaking his road course dry spell when his specialty ha... | 12,360 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
during a practice session Mears hit the wall at Indianapolis for the first time in his career. The next day, he climbed into his backup car and claimed his record 6th career pole position. Twenty laps from the end of the 500, it looked like Mears was set to be the runner-up behind Michael Andretti. However, ... | 12,361 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
three individuals to do so. In August 1991, at Michigan, he won his last race. At the 1992 Indy 500 Mears broke a wrist in a crash during practice and then crashed out of the race for the first time in his career as he could not avoid Jim Crawford's spinning car in turn 1. He raced only four more times in 19... | 12,362 |
512299 | Rick Mears | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rick%20Mears | Rick Mears
41 years old.
As of 2016, Rick Mears continues to work as a consultant and spotter for Hélio Castroneves and Penske Racing, the team with which he won all of his Indycar races.
# Personal life.
Mears is the brother of Roger Mears, father of off-road and open-wheel racer Clint Mears, and the uncle of forme... | 12,363 |
512305 | Linaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linaria | Linaria
Linaria
Linaria is a genus of 150 species of flowering plants, one of several related groups commonly called toadflax. They are annuals and herbaceous perennials, and the largest genus in the Antirrhineae tribe of the plantain family Plantaginaceae.
# Taxonomy.
"Linaria" was traditionally placed in the famil... | 12,364 |
512305 | Linaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linaria | Linaria
"L. maroccana" (Moroccan toadflax), "L. purpurea" (purple toadflax) and "L. vulgaris" (common toadflax).
## Species.
Some of the more familiar "Linaria" include:
- Common toadflax or butter-and-eggs ("Linaria vulgaris"), a European species which is widely introduced elsewhere and grows as a common weed in so... | 12,365 |
512305 | Linaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linaria | Linaria
similar to "L. purpurea", but with paler flowers.
## Etymology.
The members of this genus are known in English as toadflax, a name shared with several related genera. The 'toad' in toadflax may relate to the plants having historically been used to treat bubonic plague, a false link having been drawn between t... | 12,366 |
512305 | Linaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linaria | Linaria
are likely toxic to livestock, but ruminants generally avoid them.
# Uses.
Toadflaxes are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the mouse moth ("Amphipyra tragopoginis") and the common buckeye ("Junonia coenia").
"L. vulgaris" has been used as a medicinal herb for the treat... | 12,367 |
512305 | Linaria | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Linaria | Linaria
s an astringent, an emollient and a laxative.
# Bibliography.
- A Phylogeny of Toadflaxes (Linaria Mill.) Based on Nuclear Internal Transcribed Spacer Sequences: Systematic and Evolutionary Consequences. Mario Fernández-Mazuecos, José Luis Blanco-Pastor, and Pablo Vargas. "International Journal of Plant Scien... | 12,368 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
The Jammu & Kashmir National Conference (JKNC) is a state political party in the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir. Founded as the "All Jammu and Kashmir Muslim Conference" by Sheikh Abdullah and Chaudhry Ghulam Abbas in 1932 in the princely s... | 12,369 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
form or another till 2002, and again between 2009–2015. It implemented land reforms in the state, ensured the state's autonomy under the Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, and formulated a separate Constitution of Jammu and Kashmir in 1957. Sheikh Abdullah's son Farooq Abdullah ... | 12,370 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
was affiliated to the All India States Peoples Conference. Sheikh Abdullah was elected its president in 1947. In 1946, the National Conference launched an intensive agitation against the state government. It was directed against the Maharaja of Jammu and Kashmir Hari Singh. The sloga... | 12,371 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
was arrested on 9 August 1953.
In 1965 the National Conference merged with the Indian National Congress (INC) and became the Jammu and Kashmir branch of the Indian National Congress. Sheikh Abdullah was again arrested in 1965 until 1968 for conspiracy against the state. Sheikh Abdul... | 12,372 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
In June 1983 elections, the JKNC led by Farooq Abdullah again won a comfortable majority. In July 1984 Farooq's brother-in-law Ghulam Mohammad Shah split the party. Acting on the behest of the central government, the Governor dismissed Farooq as a Chief Minister and installed Ghulam ... | 12,373 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Union Government and President's rule was imposed in the state. In 1991 the state elections were cancelled due to a revolt by the people.
## 1996 onwards.
In Jammu and Kashmir state assembly elections in 1996, the JKNC led by Abdullah was awarded the election yet again winning 57 s... | 12,374 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
no single party was able to get the majority. The JKNC led by Farooq's son Omar Abdullah emerged as a single largest party, winning 28 seats. After the elections, on 30 December 2008 the JKNC formed an alliance with the INC which had won 17 seats. Omar Abdullah became the Chief Minis... | 12,375 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
government in 2010 when approximately 100 protesters (one as young as 11) were killed as the result of live ammunition being fired by state paramilitary forces. A torture scandal was exposed by the WikiLeaks, revelations which were subsequently aired on Channel 4.
In the 2014 genera... | 12,376 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
party in the assembly followed by BJP winning 25 seats. Omar Abdullah resigned as a chief minister on 24 December 2014.
# Heads of Government.
- Minister of Jammu and Kashmir
- Sheikh Abdullah
- First term (5 March 1948 – 9 August 1953).
- Bakshi Ghulam Mohammad
- First term (9... | 12,377 |
512306 | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jammu%20&%20Kashmir%20National%20Conference | Jammu & Kashmir National Conference
Sheikh Abdullah
- First term (25 February 1975 – 26 March 1977).
- Second term (9 July 1977 – 8 September 1982)
- Farooq Abdullah
- First term (8 September 1982 – 2 July 1984).
- Second term (7 November 1986 – 19 January 1990).
- Third term (9 October 1996 – 18 October 2002).
... | 12,378 |
620909 | Man, Economy, and State | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Man,%20Economy,%20and%20State | Man, Economy, and State
Man, Economy, and State
Man, Economy, and State: A Treatise on Economic Principles is a 1962 book of Austrian School economics by Murray Rothbard.
When originally published in 1962, the final eight chapters were removed by the publisher; these were later published as "Power and Market" in 1970... | 12,379 |
620909 | Man, Economy, and State | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Man,%20Economy,%20and%20State | Man, Economy, and State
Institute. 1993. One volume in softcover. 987 pages. .
- New York, N.Y.: Institute for Humane Studies New York University Press. 1981. hardcover. . Also: softcover.
- Princeton, N.J.: D. Van Nostrand Company with the William Volker Fund. 1962. Two volumes in hardcover.
## Japanese.
- Tokyo, ... | 12,380 |
620911 | Pet Your Friends | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pet%20Your%20Friends | Pet Your Friends
Pet Your Friends
Pet Your Friends is the debut album by American alternative rock band Dishwalla. It was released in 1995 on A&M Records. The album produced the hit single "Counting Blue Cars" (the third single off the album and only one to gain widespread success), which was a Top 40 favorite. Howeve... | 12,381 |
620911 | Pet Your Friends | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pet%20Your%20Friends | Pet Your Friends
taken from the August 23, 1948 "Life Magazine" cover. The cover story talks about a seventeen-year-old girl who became friends with a friend's pet deer while swimming one day.
# Personnel.
- Dishwalla
- J.R. Richards – lead vocals, keyboards, piano, organ, Hammond Organ, Roland Juno 60
- Rodney Bro... | 12,382 |
620911 | Pet Your Friends | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pet%20Your%20Friends | Pet Your Friends
tar, backing vocals
- Scott Alexander – bass, backing vocals, tabla, bells, Roland Juno 60
- George Pendergast – drums, percussion, backing vocals
- Additional personnel
- Ian Cross - Asst Engineer
- Andy Kravitz - Programming, Additional Production, Engineer
- Bob Ludwig - Mastering
- Phil Nico... | 12,383 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia
Hypercalcaemia, also spelled hypercalcemia, is a high calcium (Ca) level in the blood serum. The normal range is 2.1–2.6 mmol/L (8.8–10.7 mg/dL, 4.3–5.2 mEq/L), with levels greater than 2.6 mmol/L defined as hypercalcemia. Those with a mild increase that has developed slowly typically hav... | 12,384 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
hypocalciuric hypercalcaemia and certain medications such as lithium and hydrochlorothiazide. Diagnosis should generally include either a corrected calcium or ionized calcium level and be confirmed after a week. Specific changes, such as a shortened QT interval and prolonged PR interval, may be seen on a... | 12,385 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
useful. Hypercalcemia is relatively common. Primary hyperparathyroidism occurs in 1–7 per 1,000 people, and hypercalcaemia occurs in about 2.7% of those with cancer.
# Signs and symptoms.
The neuromuscular symptoms of hypercalcaemia are caused by a negative bathmotropic effect due to the increased inte... | 12,386 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
and Psychiatric Overtones"
- Stones (kidney or biliary) (see calculus)
- Bones (bone pain)
- Groans (abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting)
- Moans (other non-specific symptoms)
- Thrones (polyuria) resulting in dehydration due to nephrogenic diabetes insipidus from nephrocalcinosis
- Muscle tone (hy... | 12,387 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
and polydipsia. Psychiatric manifestation can include emotional instability, confusion, delirium, psychosis, & stupor. Limbus sign seen in eye due to hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia can result in an increase in heart rate and a positive inotropic effect (increase in contractility).
Symptoms are more commo... | 12,388 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
the fatigue, muscle weakness, low tone and sluggish reflexes in muscle groups. The sluggish nerves also explain drowsiness, confusion, hallucinations, stupor and / or coma. In the gut this causes constipation. Hypocalcaemia causes the opposite by the same mechanism.
# Causes.
Primary hyperparathyroidis... | 12,389 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
Solid tumour with metastasis (e.g. breast cancer or classically squamous cell carcinoma, which can be PTHrP-mediated)
- Solid tumour with humoral mediation of hypercalcaemia (e.g. lung cancer, most commonly non-small cell lung cancer or kidney cancer, phaeochromocytoma)
- Haematologic cancers (multiple... | 12,390 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
rates.
- Hyperthyroidism
- Multiple myeloma
- Prolonged immobilization
- Paget's disease
- Thiazide use
- Vitamin A intoxication
## Kidney failure.
- Severe secondary hyperparathyroidism
- Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
- Aluminium intoxication
- Milk-alkali syndrome
## Other.
- Adrenal insuff... | 12,391 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
of therapy is to treat the hypercalcaemia first and subsequently effort is directed to treat the underlying cause.
## Fluids and diuretics.
Initial therapy:
- hydration, increasing salt intake, and forced diuresis.
- hydration is needed because many patients are dehydrated due to vomiting or kidney d... | 12,392 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
oedema. In addition, loop diuretics tend to depress calcium reabsorption by the kidney thereby helping to lower blood calcium levels
- can usually decrease serum calcium by 1–3 mg/dL within 24 hours
- caution must be taken to prevent potassium or magnesium depletion
## Bisphosphonates and calcitonin.
... | 12,393 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
with cancer-associated hypercalcaemia should receive treatment with bisphosphonates since the 'first line' therapy (above) cannot be continued indefinitely nor is it without risk. Further, even if the 'first line' therapy has been effective, it is a virtual certainty that the hypercalcaemia will recur in... | 12,394 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
by inhibiting calcium reabsorption by the kidney
- Usually used in life-threatening hypercalcaemia along with rehydration, diuresis, and bisphosphonates
- Helps prevent recurrence of hypercalcaemia
- Dose is 4 international units per kilogram via subcutaneous or intramuscular route every 12 hours, usu... | 12,395 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
no effect on calcium level in normal or primary hyperparathyroidism
- effective in hypercalcaemia due to osteolytic malignancies (multiple myeloma, leukaemia, Hodgkin's lymphoma, carcinoma of the breast) due to antitumour properties
- also effective in hypervitaminosis D and sarcoidosis
- dialysis usu... | 12,396 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
main symptoms of a hypercalcaemic crisis are oliguria or anuria, as well as somnolence or coma. After recognition, primary hyperparathyroidism should be proved or excluded.
In extreme cases of primary hyperparathyroidism, removal of the parathyroid gland after surgical neck exploration is the only way t... | 12,397 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
Often the causes of hypercalcemia have a correlation to the environment in which the organisms live. Hypercalcemia in house pets is typically due to disease, but other cases can be due to accidental ingestion of plants or chemicals in the home. Outdoor animals commonly develop hypercalcemia through vitam... | 12,398 |
512274 | Hypercalcaemia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hypercalcaemia | Hypercalcaemia
unique to indoor pets. Ingestion of small amounts of calcipotriene found in psoriasis cream can be fatal to a pet. Calcipotriene causes a rapid rise in calcium ion levels. Calcium ion levels can remain high for weeks if untreated and lead to an array of medical issues. There are also cases of hypercalcem... | 12,399 |
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