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512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
in 1969 at a cost of $4,000,000 and is the location of the college union. Seymour Union holds the Barnes & Noble bookstore, a commuter's cafeteria, study areas, the BSG (Brockport Student Government) Offices, the WBSU campus radio station, the ballroom, campus event box office, automated teller machine, Women's Center and other clubs, and the Stylus newspaper.
The Seymour College Union was named after the Seymour brothers, James and William. James was co-founder of Brockport and William was a well-known inventor of agricultural machinery and a member of the Board of Trustees. As a young man, James moved from Connecticut to Pompey, New York where he served an apprenticeship under his first cousin, | 12,500 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Henry Seymour. James moved to Rochester when the newly organized county of Monroe appointed him Sheriff in 1820. He later moved to Michigan.
His brother William, who had been employed by James in Clarkson and Brockport, continued the family mercantile business until 1844. Thereafter, he became involved in an iron foundry and agricultural machine manufacturing until his retirement in 1877.
Smith Hall
Smith Hall was built in 1967 and is a science building, housing Physics and Chemistry.
Smith Hall was named after David Eugene Smith, who headed the school from 1898 to 1901. He succeeded McLean as President, having been selected from a long list of possible candidates. He was born and raised | 12,501 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
in Cortland, New York and received his Doctorate of Philosophy degree at Syracuse University in 1887. He wanted to establish a close working relationship between the alumni, faculty and students. Dr. Smith studied law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He chose to be a professor of mathematics at Ypsilanti instead. Dr. Smith produced 500 publications, including over 50 textbooks. He arrived in Brockport in 1898 and stayed until 1901. Smith pushed for the expansion of the practice school and fought many a battle with the state over what he saw as inadequate funding. Frustrated by the lack of state support, he left to take a position at Columbia.
Thompson Hall
Thompson | 12,502 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Hall was built in 1958 and is home to freshmen, graduate, adult, and international students. The building also contains a conference center for the occasional meeting.
It was named after Alfred Thomspon, principal of the school from 1910 to 1936. Thompson was born in Norwich, Connecticut in 1867 and was educated at Yale University. He was superintendent of schools in Auburn, NY before coming to the Brockport Normal School in 1910. Thompson was a well-respected and highly honored member of the faculty and more than 2,000 graduates received their diplomas from his hands.
Tower Fine Arts Center
The Tower Fine Arts Center was built in 1968 and is the location for the Art, Art History, and Theater | 12,503 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
departments. The Tower has many art studios, galleries, classrooms, photography laboratories, and a theater for student productions. There is a unique permanent exhibit currently under construction that is to house the largest collection of E. E. Cummings paintings and artwork.
This building was named after Donald Tower, President of the college from 1944 to 1964. Dr. Tower was interested in drama, and wrote a series of drama workbooks.
Tuttle Complex
Tuttle was built in two stages, in 1962 and 1973 and named after Ernest Tuttle, the first director of the Physical Education and Health program, started here in 1945. The Tuttle Complex holds an ice hockey rink, several gymnasiums, classrooms, | 12,504 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
offices, pools, exercise facilities, and racquetball courts.
Ernest Tuttle was a graduate of Springfield College and had an M.A. from the University of Rochester. He originally taught at Brockport Central High School for four years, before coming to the Normal school in 1937. He taught Physical Education classes and eventually became the Director of the Department in 1945. Tuttle retained that position until his resignation for health reasons in 1964.
# Notable faculty.
- Garth Fagan ("emeritus"), Founder of Garth Fagan Dance
- Anne Panning, writer, winner of the 2006 Flannery O'Connor Award and 2009 NY Professor of the Year
- Albert Paley, Professor Emeritus, American sculptor
- Mary | 12,505 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
Mortimer, "preceptress," i.e. head, of the "female department," 1841-1844. A pioneer of higher education for women, assisted Catherine Beecher in starting the Milwaukee Female Seminary.
# Notable alumni.
- John Faso, (B.A. Political Science and History, 1974) Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives, from New York's 19th district
- Joseph Griffo, (B.A. Political Science, 1978) New York State Senator, former mayor of Rome, NY, and former county executive of Oneida County, New York
- James Howard Kunstler, author and social critic
- Gene Spafford (B.A. Mathematics and Computer Science, 1979), computer scientist
- Dave Trembley (B.A. Physical Education, 1973, M.A.), former manager | 12,506 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
of the Baltimore Orioles
- Stan Van Gundy (B.A. English/B.S. Physical Education, 1981), head coach and president of the NBA's Detroit Pistons
- Joe Torres (B.S. Communications) news anchor WABC-TV
- William Fichtner (B.A. Criminal Justice, 1978), actor, well known for his roles in "Prison Break" and "The Dark Knight"
- Oliver North, later attended the United States Naval Academy, known for Iran-Contra Affair
- Yendi Phillipps, Jamaican TV Host, model and beauty queen
- George Boley, Liberian ex-warlord, former leader of the Liberian Peace Council
- Ryan Nobles, CNN Correspondent
# Special Olympics and Brockport.
During the summers of 1975 and 1976, The College at Brockport hosted the | 12,507 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
New York State Special Olympic Games. Soon after, the college was chosen to be the site of the 1979 fifth International Special Olympic Games.
Famous Supporters
- Julius Erving – Basketball
- Mrs. Rosalynn Carter, spouse of President Jimmy Carter – Honorary Chair Person
- Frank Gifford – Assistant Head Coach
- Pelé – Soccer
- Wilma Rudolph – Track & Field
It is estimated that between 45–50 celebrities participated in this Special Olympics.
Attendees included: Phil Donahue, Marlo Thomas, Sally Struthers, Susan Saint James, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Christopher Reeve and the Kennedy Family.
Famous athletes who participated included: Muhammad Ali, Bobby Orr, Phil Esposito, Rafer Johnson, | 12,508 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
and Hank Aaron.
Post-Olympic Events
On October 8, 1982 The College at Brockport held a dedication ceremony for the new Special Olympics Park. The park contains a bronze sculpture and fountain created by Zurab Tsereteli entitled Happiness to the Children of the World for the purposes of celebrating the Special Olympics and the International Year of the Child. Tsereteli was a visiting professor at The College at Brockport and sought to bring further understanding between the people of the Soviet Union and the United States. The world-renowned Georgian-Russian architect, artist, and sculptor also donated the bronze statue "Prometheus" which depicts the Titan stealing fire from Zeus to give to | 12,509 |
512315 | The College at Brockport, State University of New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The%20College%20at%20Brockport,%20State%20University%20of%20New%20York | The College at Brockport, State University of New York
ics Park. The park contains a bronze sculpture and fountain created by Zurab Tsereteli entitled Happiness to the Children of the World for the purposes of celebrating the Special Olympics and the International Year of the Child. Tsereteli was a visiting professor at The College at Brockport and sought to bring further understanding between the people of the Soviet Union and the United States. The world-renowned Georgian-Russian architect, artist, and sculptor also donated the bronze statue "Prometheus" which depicts the Titan stealing fire from Zeus to give to mortals. The flame from "Prometheus" later became the symbol of the college.
# External links.
- The College at Brockport's website | 12,510 |
620917 | HMS Southampton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Southampton | HMS Southampton
HMS Southampton
Six Royal Navy ships have borne the name HMS "Southampton". All were named after Southampton, a port on the south coast of England.
- was a 48-gun fourth rate launched in 1693. The ship was rebuilt in 1700, hulked at Jamaica in 1728 and finally broken up in 1771.
- was a 32-gun fifth rate launched in 1757, and wrecked in 1812.
- was a 60-gun fourth rate launched in 1820. In 1867 the ship was lent to the Hull Committee, finally being sold in 1912.
- was a cruiser, launched in 1912 and sold in 1926. She fought at the Battle of Jutland.
- was a cruiser, launched in 1936 and sunk off Malta on 11 January 1941.
- was a Type 42 destroyer, launched in 1979 and decommissioned in | 12,511 |
620917 | HMS Southampton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Southampton | HMS Southampton
in 1812.
- was a 60-gun fourth rate launched in 1820. In 1867 the ship was lent to the Hull Committee, finally being sold in 1912.
- was a cruiser, launched in 1912 and sold in 1926. She fought at the Battle of Jutland.
- was a cruiser, launched in 1936 and sunk off Malta on 11 January 1941.
- was a Type 42 destroyer, launched in 1979 and decommissioned in 2009.
# Honours.
- "Emeraude" 1757
- Belle Isle 1761
- The Glorious First of June 1794
- St Vincent 1797
- Heligoland 1914
- Dogger Bank 1915
- Jutland 1916
- Norway 1940
- Spartivento 1940
- Malta Convoys 1941
# References.
- Gossett, William Patrick (1986) "The lost ships of the Royal Navy, 1793-1900". (London: Mansell). | 12,512 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
Faustina the Elder
Annia Galeria Faustina, sometimes referred to as Faustina I (Latin: Faustina Major; born on February 16 around 100 CE; died in October or November of 140 CE), was a Roman empress and wife of the Roman emperor Antoninus Pius. The emperor Marcus Aurelius was her nephew and later became her adopted son, along with Emperor Lucius Verus. She died early in the principate of Antoninus Pius, but continued to be prominently commemorated as a "diva", posthumously playing a prominent symbolic role during his reign.
# Early life.
Faustina was the only known daughter of consul and prefect Marcus Annius Verus and Rupilia Faustina. Her brothers were consul Marcus Annius Libo and praetor | 12,513 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
Marcus Annius Verus. Her maternal aunts were Roman Empress Vibia Sabina and Matidia Minor. Her paternal grandfather was named Marcus Annius Verus, like her father, while her maternal grandparents were Salonia Matidia (niece of Roman Emperor Trajan) and suffect consul Lucius Scribonius Libo Rupilius Frugi Bonus. Faustina was born and raised in Rome.
While a private citizen, she married Antoninus Pius between 110 and 115 CE. Faustina bore four children with Pius: two sons and two daughters. These were:
- Marcus Aurelius Fulvius Antoninus (died before 138); his sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome.
- Marcus Galerius Aurelius Antoninus (died before 138); his | 12,514 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
sepulchral inscription has been found at the Mausoleum of Hadrian in Rome. He is commemorated by a high-quality series of bronze coins, possibly struck at Rome, though their language is Greek.
- Aurelia Fadilla (died in 135); she married Aelius Lamia Silvanus or Syllanus. She appears to have had no children with her husband and her sepulchral inscription has been found in Italy.
- Annia Galeria Faustina Minor or Faustina the Younger (between 125-130 to 175), a future Roman Empress; she married her maternal cousin, future Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius. She was the only child who survived to see Antoninus and Faustina elevated to the imperial rank.
According to the unreliable "Historia Augusta", | 12,515 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
there were rumours while Antoninus was proconsul of Asia that Faustina conducted herself with "excessive frankness and levity".
# Empress.
On July 10, 138, her uncle, the emperor Hadrian, died and her husband became the new emperor, as Antoninus was Hadrian's adopted son and heir. Faustina became Roman Empress and the Senate accorded her the title of "Augusta". As empress, Faustina was well respected and was renowned for her beauty and wisdom. Throughout her life, as a private citizen and as empress, Faustina was involved in assisting charities for the poor and sponsoring and assisting in the education of Roman children, particularly girls. A letter between Fronto and Antoninus Pius has sometimes | 12,516 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
been taken as an index of the latter's devotion to her.
After Antoninus Pius' accession to the principate, the couple never left Italy; instead, they divided their time between Rome, Antoninus' favourite estate at Lorium, and other properties at Lanuvium, Tusculum, and Signia.
Faustina's personal style was evidently much admired and emulated. Her distinctive hairstyle, consisting of braids pulled back in a bun behind or on top of her head, was imitated for two or three generations in the Roman world.
Several provincial groups chose to honour her while she was empress: a company of couriers in Ephesus named themselves after her, while a company of clapper-players in Puteoli dedicated an altar | 12,517 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
to her in her own lifetime.
# Death and legacy.
Faustina died near Rome in 140, perhaps at Antoninus Pius' estate at Lorium. Antoninus was devastated at Faustina's death and took several steps to honor her memory. He had the Senate deify her (her "apotheosis" was portrayed on an honorary column) and dedicate the Temple of Faustina to her in the Roman Forum. The Senate authorized gold and silver statues of her, including an image to appear in the circus, where it might be displayed in a "carpentum" (a kind of covered waggon) or "currus elephantorum" (a cart drawn by elephants). Antoninus also ordered various coins with her portrait struck, inscribed ("Divine Faustina") and elaborately decorated. | 12,518 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
He also established a charity called "Puellae Faustinianae" ("Girls of Faustina") to assist orphaned Roman girls and created a new "alimenta" (see Grain supply to the city of Rome). Her remains were interred in the Mausoleum of Hadrian. Certain cities struck coin issues in honour of the "divine Faustina" (); the most notable such cities were Delphi, Alexandria, Bostra, and Nicopolis. Martin Beckmann suggests that the coins of Nicopolis might have been minted at Rome and given out as imperial largesse at the Actian Games. The coins issued in the wake of Faustina's funeral illustrate her elaborate funeral pyre, which may have influenced the design of later private mausolea; the deities Pietas | 12,519 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
and Aeternitas, among others; and an eagle (or less often a winged genius) bearing a figure aloft, with the legend (i.e. Faustina's ascension into heaven). Coins of Faustina were sometimes incorporated into jewellery and worn as amulets.
The posthumous cult of Faustina was exceptionally widespread, and Faustina's image continued to be omnipresent throughout Antoninus Pius' principate. A colossal marble head, believed to be that of Faustina and discovered in 2008, figured as one of several monumental imperial statues at the ancient site of Sagalassos in today's Turkey. In Olympia, Herodes Atticus dedicated a nymphaeum that displayed statues of Faustina and other Antonines as well as his own | 12,520 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
ancestors. Faustina also appears on the at Ephesus commemorating members of the imperial family. Bergmann and Watson have characterized the commemoration of Faustina as central to Antoninus Pius' political persona. One larger-than-life statue, discovered "in situ" near the Termini railway station at Rome, appears to depict Faustina as Concordia, with a patera and cornucopia; it would have been displayed alongside statues of Diana Lucifera and Apollo-Sol in baths privately owned but available to the public.
Antoninus and Faustina were officially held up as such exemplars of conjugal harmony that newlyweds were directed to pray at an altar of Antoninus and Faustina that they might live up to | 12,521 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
their example. This was evidently the case in Ostia, and probably so in Rome.
The Temple of Faustina is thought to have been dedicated in 144 CE. It is a grand hexastyle structure with Corinthian columns, possibly designed originally to be a temple of Ceres. Depictions on coins appear to show a cult image of Faustina seated on a throne and holding a tall staff in her left hand. Faustina's portrait on coins from this period is often crowned as well as veiled, which may also recall a feature of Faustina's cult image from the temple.
The deified Faustina was associated particularly closely with Ceres, who featured prominently on coins of Faustina; for some years, the torch-bearing Ceres was the | 12,522 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
dominant motif in her gold coinage. Herodes Atticus venerated Faustina as the “new Demeter” (the Greek equivalent of Ceres) at a private sanctuary he established outside Rome, now the church of Sant'Urbano. In addition to Ceres, Vesta and Juno feature prominently in Faustina's coinage. She was also associated with the Magna Mater and at Cyrene with Isis; at Sardis she was worshipped conjointly with Artemis.
Ten years after Faustina's death, a new commemorative coinage was introduced, featuring the legend Aeternitas ('eternity'); such coins may have been introduced to be distributed at a public ceremony in her memory.
After Antoninus Pius' death, his adoptive sons and successors Marcus Aurelius | 12,523 |
512302 | Faustina the Elder | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustina%20the%20Elder | Faustina the Elder
ustina's coinage. She was also associated with the Magna Mater and at Cyrene with Isis; at Sardis she was worshipped conjointly with Artemis.
Ten years after Faustina's death, a new commemorative coinage was introduced, featuring the legend Aeternitas ('eternity'); such coins may have been introduced to be distributed at a public ceremony in her memory.
After Antoninus Pius' death, his adoptive sons and successors Marcus Aurelius and Lucius Verus erected the Column of Antoninus Pius, which dramatically depicted Antoninus and Faustina being elevated heavenward together on the back of a winged figure.
Faustina continued to be commemorated in certain Renaissance depictions as a “model wife”. | 12,524 |
620920 | Glock-guitar | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Glock-guitar | Glock-guitar
Glock-guitar
A glock-guitar () is a percussion instrument in the idiophone instrument family. The glock-guitar is composed of a large, flat wooden board with a smaller handle known as the "akkordboard". The akkordboard usually has four round peg holes for attaching three-chime chord block sets, often making a four-note partial scale of A-minor, E, D-minor, and D. The glock-guitar can be played with several different-sized mallets or with the hand like a guitar, while the instrument is related to the glockenspiel, thus its portmanteau name in both Swedish and English.
# External links.
- Image at Auris.se store | 12,525 |
620925 | Monroe's motivated sequence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monroe's%20motivated%20sequence | Monroe's motivated sequence
Monroe's motivated sequence
Monroe's motivated sequence is a technique for organizing persuasive speeches that inspire people to take action. It was developed in the mid-1930s by Alan H. Monroe at Purdue University.
# Steps.
Monroe's motivated sequence states that on the first step is to state the problem the customer is having, then explain it if one cannot solidify the need and give a representation of the situation that may occur.
- Attention: Get the attention of your audience using a detailed story, shocking example, dramatic statistic, quotations, etc.
- Need: Show how the topic applies to the psychological need of the audience members. The premise here is that audience needs are what | 12,526 |
620925 | Monroe's motivated sequence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monroe's%20motivated%20sequence | Monroe's motivated sequence
motivates action. Go beyond establishing that there is a significant problem. There are many problems that are not particularly relevant to your audience. Show that the need will not go away by itself. Use statistics, examples, etc. Convince your audience that they each have a personal need to take action.
- Satisfaction: You need to solve the issue. Provide specific and viable solutions that individuals or communities can implement to solve the problem.
- Visualization: Tell the audience what will happen if the solution is implemented or does not take place. Be visual and detailed.
- Action: Tell the audience what action they can take personally to solve the problem.
There are many descriptions | 12,527 |
620925 | Monroe's motivated sequence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monroe's%20motivated%20sequence | Monroe's motivated sequence
of Monroe's motivated sequence. Here is an example description by Dominic Spencer, an instructor at the University of Central Florida in 2011:
- 1. Attention: Hey! Listen to me, you have a PROBLEM!
- 2. Need: Let me EXPLAIN the problem.
- 3. Satisfaction: But, I have a SOLUTION!
- 4. Visualization: If we IMPLEMENT my solution, this is what will happen. Or, if we don't implement my solution, this is what will happen.
- 5. Action: You can help me in this specific way. Will you help me?
# Benefits.
The advantage of Monroe's motivated sequence is that it emphasizes what the audience can do. Too often the audience feels like a situation is hopeless; Monroe's motivated sequence emphasizes the | 12,528 |
620925 | Monroe's motivated sequence | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monroe's%20motivated%20sequence | Monroe's motivated sequence
Listen to me, you have a PROBLEM!
- 2. Need: Let me EXPLAIN the problem.
- 3. Satisfaction: But, I have a SOLUTION!
- 4. Visualization: If we IMPLEMENT my solution, this is what will happen. Or, if we don't implement my solution, this is what will happen.
- 5. Action: You can help me in this specific way. Will you help me?
# Benefits.
The advantage of Monroe's motivated sequence is that it emphasizes what the audience can do. Too often the audience feels like a situation is hopeless; Monroe's motivated sequence emphasizes the action the audience can take. It also helps the audience feel like the speaker knows the problem at hand and is listening to them instead of just tuning them out. | 12,529 |
620936 | Ian Smith (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(disambiguation) | Ian Smith (disambiguation)
Ian Smith (disambiguation)
Ian Smith (1919–2007) was the Prime Minister of Rhodesia from 1964 to 1979.
Ian Smith or Iain Smith may also refer to:
# Sportspeople.
## Cricket.
- Ian Smith (South African cricketer) (1925–2015), South African test cricketer
- Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer) (born 1957), former New Zealand cricket player turned sporting commentator
- Ian Smith (English cricketer) (born 1967), English cricketer, played for Glamorgan and Durham
## Football.
- Ian Smith (footballer, born 1952), Scottish football forward for Queens Park, Birmingham City, Hearts and Queen of the South
- Ian Smith (footballer, born 1957), English football fullback for Tottenham Hotspur and Rotherham | 12,530 |
620936 | Ian Smith (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(disambiguation) | Ian Smith (disambiguation)
United
- Ian Paul Smith (born 1976), English footballer for Burnley, Oldham Athletic, Hartlepool United and Sheffield Wednesday
- Ian Smith (footballer, born 1998), Costa Rican footballer
## Rugby.
- Ian Smith (Scottish rugby player born 1903) (1903–1972)
- Ian Smith (New Zealand rugby player) (1941–2017)
- Ian "Dosser" Smith (born 1957), English rugby player/coach
- Ian Smith (rugby league) (born 1965), Super League referee
- Ian Smith (Scottish rugby player born 1965)
# Politicians.
- Ian Smith (Australian politician) (born 1939), Liberal Party of Australia politician
- Iain Duncan Smith (born 1954), British Conservative politician
- Iain Smith (Scottish politician) (born 1960), | 12,531 |
620936 | Ian Smith (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(disambiguation) | Ian Smith (disambiguation)
Scottish Liberal Democrat politician, and Member of the Scottish Parliament for North East Fife
# Others.
- Iain Crichton Smith (1928–1998), Scottish poet and critic
- Ian William Murison Smith (1937–2016), professor of chemistry, University of Birmingham
- Ian Smith (actor) (born 1938), Australian actor
- Ian Smith (photographer), Scottish photographer
- Iain R. Smith (born 1939), reader in history at the University of Warwick
- Iain Smith (producer) (born 1949), Scottish film producer
- Ian K. Smith (born 1969), American doctor & journalist
- Ian Michael Smith (born 1987), American actor
- Ian Smith (comedian) (born 1988), English comedian
- Iain Campbell Smith, Australian diplomat, | 12,532 |
620936 | Ian Smith (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(disambiguation) | Ian Smith (disambiguation)
–2016), professor of chemistry, University of Birmingham
- Ian Smith (actor) (born 1938), Australian actor
- Ian Smith (photographer), Scottish photographer
- Iain R. Smith (born 1939), reader in history at the University of Warwick
- Iain Smith (producer) (born 1949), Scottish film producer
- Ian K. Smith (born 1969), American doctor & journalist
- Ian Michael Smith (born 1987), American actor
- Ian Smith (comedian) (born 1988), English comedian
- Iain Campbell Smith, Australian diplomat, singer/songwriter and comedian
- Ian Smith (lobbyist), Australian businessman, corporate advisor and former journalist
- Ian T. Smith, professor of employment law at the University of East Anglia | 12,533 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
London After Midnight (band)
London After Midnight is a project formed in the 1990s by songwriter and instrumentalist Sean Brennan.
London After Midnight has a following worldwide, with a large fan base in the goth subculture. However, in interviews Brennan has shunned the use of this label and others to describe his music, calling it "artistically limiting".
# Ideology and themes.
Brennan is known for his support of animal rights, pro-environmental and human rights issues, anti-corporate control of media, and progressive and liberal politics. He voices this support through London After Midnight Internet outlets, such as their official website and music.
# History.
London After Midnight | 12,534 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
formed in Los Angeles, California and played at several clubs in the area starting in late 1990, with a debut concert at Los Angeles gothic rock club, Helter Skelter.
In the early days London After Midnight had various temporary members who joined Brennan when performing live, but did not perform on the albums. Tamlyn is credited on the first cassette recordings, co-authored the opening track "This Paradise" on 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', contributed an instrumental called "Ice" for the 1998 release of "Oddities" at Brennan's request, and an instrumental entitled "Perversion" on the 93' Ruins demo tape released as a preview of what was to become their second album, "Psycho | 12,535 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
Magnet".
# Early performance line-ups.
After garnering a fanbase aided by the release of a self-titled demo, London After Midnight released their debut album "Selected Scenes from the End of the World" in 1991. Special effects artist Nick Benson played bass guitar in an early lineup of the band, and participated in songwriting. In 1992 bassist Michael Areklett joined the line-up after the resignation of live bassist Rob Podzunas. Like Tamlyn, Michael Areklett appeared live as a recurring member, rather than a guest. Around this period, Douglas Avery also joined, replacing live drummer Ian Haas. Eddie Hawkins was part of the original live line up, but was replaced in 1990. John Koviak performed | 12,536 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
live on bass from 1990-1992.
## Touring and releases.
In the earliest days the live band played mainly on the West Coast of the United States. Following the release of the self-titled debut, LAM gradually expanded their Californian fan base, eventually traveling to Mexico in 1994 (something few alternative acts were doing at the time) and progressing to tour the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Italy, South America and further in the United States.
Brennan then expanded on the original demo release and recorded more songs for "Selected Scenes from the End of the World" released in late 1992.
Coinciding with the release of the follow-up album "Psycho Magnet" in 1996, London After Midnight | 12,537 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
headlined the Whitby Gothic Weekend in England, among other concerts in the UK, Europe, Mexico and the US. At this time, Brennan had begun to expand musically. The project continued on with a third album titled Oddities released in 1998, featuring a cover of a track named "Sally's Song" from the film "The Nightmare Before Christmas". This CD was different from other releases in that it featured acoustic and ethereal alternative mixes of songs, along with a few new tracks.
Around this time London After Midnight was garnering international press and was featured on the covers of many magazines, while co-headlining major concert festivals like the Zillo summer festival, with The Cure and Green | 12,538 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
Day. LAM has since toured the world extensively playing alongside other popular bands such as Green Day, HIM (who have cited LAM as an influence), Rammstein, Soft Cell, and others, headlining and co-headlining to crowds of over 30,000 in Latin America, the US and Europe.
# Recent times.
The last London After Midnight album, "Violent Acts of Beauty", was released in 2007. LAM has, however, re-released (in 2003) two of the past three releases in Europe and the Russian Federation, (which charted on the Deutsche Alternative Charts) adding previously unreleased bonus tracks.
In 2006 a new London After Midnight song was released on the "Saw II" motion picture soundtrack.
In February 2007 a teaser | 12,539 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
trailer for London After Midnight's fourth studio album "Violent Acts of Beauty" was released on the band's official website and LAM's YouTube page. The trailer stated that the album was due for a Spring/Summer 2007 release. The album itself was released in Fall 2007 (North America).
# Live members.
## Current live band members.
- Sean Brennan – founder, songwriting, musician on all albums, vocals, guitar, bass, cello, violin, keyboards, programming, drums (1989–present)
- Pete Pace – live drums (2008–present)
- Matthew Setzer – live guitar (2008–present)
- Michael Areklett – live bass (2018–present)
## Former live members.
- Tamlyn – keyboards, sounds, samplers, recorded on 'London | 12,540 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
After Midnight' demo, 1991, 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (1&2)(1989–2003)
- Joe S. - drums (live and recorded for Violent Acts of Beauty & Saw II Soundtrack) (2001–2008)
- Trouble Valli – live guitar (one concert only) (2008)
- Eddie Hawkins – live guitar (1989–1990, 2001–2008)
- Ian Haas – live drums (1988–1992)
- John Koviak – live bass/guitar (1989–1992)
- Douglas Avery – live drums, recorded on 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (1&2) (1992–1999)
- Rob Podzunas – live bass (1992–1992)
- Stacy – live guitar and recorded on 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (2) (1991-1994)
- Michael Areklett – live bass, recorded on 'Selected Scenes | 12,541 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
From The End Of The World', 1994 (1&2) (1992–2005)Rejoined on bass 2018-current
- William Skye – live guitar, recorded on 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (1) (1992–1999)
# Discography.
## Albums.
- "Selected Scenes from the End of the World" (1992) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
- "Psycho Magnet" (1996) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
- "Oddities" (1998) (re-release 2008)
- "Violent Acts of Beauty" (2007)
## EPs.
- "Kiss" (1995)
# Demos.
- "London After Midnight" (1991)
- "Ruins" (1993)
# Videography.
- "Innocence Lost..." (1993), then re-released in 1998 with 2 new songs and extra footage.
# External links.
- Official London After | 12,542 |
620914 | London After Midnight (band) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=London%20After%20Midnight%20(band) | London After Midnight (band)
he World', 1994 (1&2) (1992–2005)Rejoined on bass 2018-current
- William Skye – live guitar, recorded on 'Selected Scenes From The End Of The World', 1994 (1) (1992–1999)
# Discography.
## Albums.
- "Selected Scenes from the End of the World" (1992) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
- "Psycho Magnet" (1996) (re-release with bonus tracks 2003 and 2008)
- "Oddities" (1998) (re-release 2008)
- "Violent Acts of Beauty" (2007)
## EPs.
- "Kiss" (1995)
# Demos.
- "London After Midnight" (1991)
- "Ruins" (1993)
# Videography.
- "Innocence Lost..." (1993), then re-released in 1998 with 2 new songs and extra footage.
# External links.
- Official London After Midnight website | 12,543 |
620929 | Pierre Nord Alexis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre%20Nord%20Alexis | Pierre Nord Alexis
Pierre Nord Alexis
Pierre Nord Alexis (2 August 1820 – 1 May 1910) was President of Haiti from 21 December 1902 to 2 December 1908.
# Early life.
He was the son of a high-ranking official in the regime of Henri Christophe, and Blézine Georges, Christophe's illegitimate daughter. Alexis joined the army in the 1830s, serving President Jean-Louis Pierrot, his father-in-law, as an aide-de-camp.
# Career.
In the ensuing years, he had a tumultuous career: he was exiled in 1874 but was allowed to return to Haiti a few years later by President Pierre Théoma Boisrond-Canal. During the presidency of Lysius Salomon, he was a vocal leader of the opposition, enduring several jail sentences before Salomon | 12,544 |
620929 | Pierre Nord Alexis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre%20Nord%20Alexis | Pierre Nord Alexis
was finally ousted in a revolt. The new president, Florvil Hyppolite, gave him an important military position in the north, but when President Tirésias Simon Sam resigned, he joined Anténor Firmin in a march on Port-au-Prince in an effort to seize control of the government.
The new president, however, was his old ally, Boisrond-Canal, who had returned him from exile some twenty years earlier. Canal defused the tension by appointing Alexis Minister of War, driving a wedge between him and Firmin. Troops loyal to Firmin were finally defeated in Port-au-Prince, leaving only two strongholds, Saint-Marc and Gonaïves, opposed to the new government of Canal and Alexis. Alexis took advantage of the | 12,545 |
620929 | Pierre Nord Alexis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre%20Nord%20Alexis | Pierre Nord Alexis
situation by negotiating with the United States and declaring himself in support of American interests in the Caribbean. The U.S. responded by imposing a naval blockade on the two centers still loyal to Firmin, paving the way for Alexis to seize control of the government for himself.
# Presidency.
At the age of 82, he became President on 21 December 1902 by leading troops loyal to him into the country's Chamber of Deputies. Alexis managed to hold on to power for the next six years, though his regime was plagued by rebellion. During his presidency, he took to justice all statesmen accused of corruption in 1904: " le proces de la consolidation" . All who stole the state's money were judged and | 12,546 |
620929 | Pierre Nord Alexis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre%20Nord%20Alexis | Pierre Nord Alexis
condemned. In January 1908, Alexis, already in his eighties, decided to have himself proclaimed President for Life. This reunited the supporters of Firmin, who launched a new revolt against Alexis. While the revolt was crushed, it exacerbated the country's existing economic problems. A famine in the south that same year led to violent food riots and a new rebellion, this time from the south, led by General François Antoine Simon.
# Exile.
Ousted from power on 2 December 1908, Alexis went into exile in Jamaica and later relocated to New Orleans with his family, where he died on 1 May 1910. He is buried in St. Louis Cemetery #2 in New Orleans.
# Family.
Alexis was married to Princess Marie-Louise-Amelie-Celestina | 12,547 |
620929 | Pierre Nord Alexis | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pierre%20Nord%20Alexis | Pierre Nord Alexis
iots and a new rebellion, this time from the south, led by General François Antoine Simon.
# Exile.
Ousted from power on 2 December 1908, Alexis went into exile in Jamaica and later relocated to New Orleans with his family, where he died on 1 May 1910. He is buried in St. Louis Cemetery #2 in New Orleans.
# Family.
Alexis was married to Princess Marie-Louise-Amelie-Celestina Pierrot, daughter of President Jean-Louis Pierrot (a general and later Prince under Henri I). From this marriage, he had a son who bore the name of Henri Nord Alexis, also known as Henri Alexis. His great-great-grandson Jacques-Edouard Alexis was Prime Minister of Haiti twice: from 1999 to 2001 and from 2006 to 2008. | 12,548 |
620937 | Blood pheasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood%20pheasant | Blood pheasant
Blood pheasant
The blood pheasant ("Ithaginis cruentus") is the only species in genus "Ithaginis" of the pheasant family. This relatively small, short-tailed pheasant is widespread and fairly common in eastern Himalayas, ranging across India, Nepal, Bhutan, China and northern Myanmar. Since the trend of the population appears to be slowly decreasing, the species has been evaluated as Least Concern by IUCN in 2009.
The blood pheasant was the national bird of the former Kingdom of Sikkim, and remains Sikkim's state bird.
# Description.
Blood pheasants have the size of a small fowl, about in length with a short convex, very strong black bill, feathered between bill and eye, and a small crest | 12,549 |
620937 | Blood pheasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood%20pheasant | Blood pheasant
of various coloured feathers. The colour of the plumage above is dark ash, with white shafts, the coverts of the wings various tinged with green, with broad strokes of white through the length of each feather, the feathers of the chin deep crimson; on the breast, belly and sides feathers are lance-shaped, of various length, the tips green with crimson margins, collectively resembling dashes of blood scattered on the breast and belly. The tail consists of twelve sub-equal feathers, shafts white, rounded, the ends whitish, the coverts a rich crimson red.
Both males and females have red feet and a distinct ring of bare skin around the eye that typically is crimson colored, but is orange in a few | 12,550 |
620937 | Blood pheasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood%20pheasant | Blood pheasant
subspecies. Females are more uniformly colored, being overall dull brown and often with some gray to the nape. Although some of the subspecies that have been described are highly distinctive, others are not, and some variation appears to be clinal. Consequently, the number of valid subspecies is disputed, with various authorities recognizing between 11 and 15. They mainly vary in the plumage of the males, especially the amount of red or black to the throat, forehead, neck, chest and tail, and the presence or absence of rufous in the wings.
# Taxonomy.
## Subspecies.
There are twelve recognized subspecies:
- "I. c. affinis" - Sikkim region in India
- "I. c. beicki" - Beick's blood pheasant | 12,551 |
620937 | Blood pheasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood%20pheasant | Blood pheasant
- north central China
- "I. c. berezowskii" - Berezovski's blood pheasant - mountains of central China
- "I. c. clarkei" - Clarke's blood pheasant - southwest China
- "I. c. cruentus" - Himalayan blood pheasant - northern Nepal to northwestern Bhutan
- "I. c. geoffroyi" - Geoffroy's blood pheasant - western China and southeast Tibet
- "I. c. kuseri" - Kuser's blood pheasant - upper Assam in India and southeast Tibet
- "I. c. marionae" - Mrs. Vernay's blood pheasant - mountains of southwest China and northeast Myanmar
- "I. c. michaelis" - Bianchi's blood pheasant - north central China
- "I. c. rocki" - Rock's blood pheasant - southwestern China
- "I. c. sinensis" - David's blood pheasant | 12,552 |
620937 | Blood pheasant | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Blood%20pheasant | Blood pheasant
a and northeast Myanmar
- "I. c. michaelis" - Bianchi's blood pheasant - north central China
- "I. c. rocki" - Rock's blood pheasant - southwestern China
- "I. c. sinensis" - David's blood pheasant - central China
- "I. c. tibetanus" - Tibetan blood pheasant - eastern Bhutan and southern Tibet
# Distribution and habitat.
Blood pheasants live in the mountains of Nepal, Sikkim, northern Myanmar, Tibet, and central and south-central China, where they prefer coniferous or mixed forests and scrub areas near the snowline. They move their range depending on the seasons, and are found at higher elevations during the summer. With snow increasing in fall and winter they move to lower elevations. | 12,553 |
620938 | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(New%20Zealand%20cricketer) | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)
Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)
Ian David Stockley Smith (born 28 February 1957) is a New Zealand cricket commentator and former cricketer. He played as a wicket-keeper for New Zealand throughout the 1980s and part of the 1990s.
# International career.
Smith has one of the highest ever strike rates as a batsman for One Day Internationals – 99 runs per 100 balls faced. He also holds the record for the highest score in Tests for a batsman coming in at number nine, which is 173 off 136 balls, scored against India at Eden Park in 1990. During the innings, he became joint holder of the record for most runs scored off a six-ball Test over, striking 24 runs off Atul Wassan.
# Legacy.
In the 1994 | 12,554 |
620938 | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(New%20Zealand%20cricketer) | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)
New Year Honours, Smith was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, for services to cricket.
# After cricket.
Currently Smith works a radio announcer on Radio Live SPORT as a breakfast host and is also a commentator for SKY Sport (in New Zealand, commentating on both rugby union and cricket). As a cricket commentator he has also worked on television commentary at numerous ICC tournaments including the World Twenty20 and Cricket World Cup. He has also appeared as a guest commentator on Sky Sports and Test Match Special in the UK during New Zealand tours of England.
Smith took an active role in presenting the Rugby World Cup on Sky in New Zealand.
His son Jarrod Smith is a football | 12,555 |
620938 | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ian%20Smith%20(New%20Zealand%20cricketer) | Ian Smith (New Zealand cricketer)
British Empire, for services to cricket.
# After cricket.
Currently Smith works a radio announcer on Radio Live SPORT as a breakfast host and is also a commentator for SKY Sport (in New Zealand, commentating on both rugby union and cricket). As a cricket commentator he has also worked on television commentary at numerous ICC tournaments including the World Twenty20 and Cricket World Cup. He has also appeared as a guest commentator on Sky Sports and Test Match Special in the UK during New Zealand tours of England.
Smith took an active role in presenting the Rugby World Cup on Sky in New Zealand.
His son Jarrod Smith is a football player who has appeared for the New Zealand national team. | 12,556 |
620950 | Robert L. Mills | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20L.%20Mills | Robert L. Mills
Robert L. Mills
Robert Lee Mills (November 13, 1916 – January 16, 2006) was an American educator who was the longest-serving president of Georgetown College in Georgetown, Kentucky.
Dr. Mills served for 19 years, from 1959 to 1978, as president of Georgetown College. During his presidency, the Asher Science Center, the Cralle Student Center and most of the south campus were built. He was a native of Erlanger, Kentucky and earned his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees at the University of Kentucky. He received an honorary degree from William Jewell College. Before his presidency at Georgetown College, Mr. Mills worked for the Kentucky Department of Education, and served as registrar and | 12,557 |
620950 | Robert L. Mills | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Robert%20L.%20Mills | Robert L. Mills
e. During his presidency, the Asher Science Center, the Cralle Student Center and most of the south campus were built. He was a native of Erlanger, Kentucky and earned his bachelor's, master's and doctoral degrees at the University of Kentucky. He received an honorary degree from William Jewell College. Before his presidency at Georgetown College, Mr. Mills worked for the Kentucky Department of Education, and served as registrar and dean of admissions at the University of Kentucky and chairman of the Department of Educational Administration at the University of Texas at Austin.
Mills' undergraduate degree was from the University of Kentucky where he was a member of Phi Kappa Tau Fraternity. | 12,558 |
620952 | Queenscliff | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Queenscliff | Queenscliff
Queenscliff
Queenscliff may refer to:
- Queenscliff, New South Wales
- Queenscliff, Victoria | 12,559 |
620941 | Hapkeite | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hapkeite | Hapkeite
Hapkeite
Hapkeite is a mineral discovered in the Dhofar 280 meteorite found in 2000 in Oman on the Arabian peninsula. The meteorite is believed to originate from the Moon; specifically, it appears to be a fragment of lunar highland breccia. Hapkeite's composition is of silicon and iron, and it is similar to other silicon-iron minerals found on Earth. An impact on the Moon is thought to have launched the partially molten or vaporized material into orbit.
Due to its 1:2 composition of silicon-iron, hapkeite was given the chemical formula FeSi. It occurs as opaque, yellowish to silvery microscopic isometric crystals.
It is named after Bruce Hapke, who predicted the presence and importance of | 12,560 |
620941 | Hapkeite | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hapkeite | Hapkeite
molten or vaporized material into orbit.
Due to its 1:2 composition of silicon-iron, hapkeite was given the chemical formula FeSi. It occurs as opaque, yellowish to silvery microscopic isometric crystals.
It is named after Bruce Hapke, who predicted the presence and importance of vapor-deposited coatings on lunar soil grains (space weathering).
Beside hapkeite, other natural iron silicide minerals include gupeiite, naqite, linzhiite, luobusaite, suessite, xifengite, and zangboite.
# See also.
- Glossary of meteoritics
- List of minerals
- List of minerals named after people
# References.
- Space weathering on airless planetary bodies: Clues from the lunar mineral hapkeite 2004 PNAS | 12,561 |
620951 | HMS Gurkha (F122) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Gurkha%20(F122) | HMS Gurkha (F122)
HMS Gurkha (F122)
HMS "Gurkha" was a of the Royal Navy. She was named after an ethnic group located in Nepal, and who continue to serve in the British Army.
# Royal Navy service.
"Gurkha" was built by John I. Thornycroft & Company, of Woolston, Hampshire, at a cost of £4,865,000 She was launched on 11 July 1960 and commissioned on 13 February 1963, joining the 9th Frigate Squadron in the Middle East. In 1965 she was present at Portsmouth Navy Days, and again deployed to the Middle East with the 9th Frigate Squadron. On 14 January 1967 she commenced her third commission, leaving British waters on 24 July. She served on the Beira Patrol and during the withdrawal of British forces from Aden before | 12,562 |
620951 | HMS Gurkha (F122) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Gurkha%20(F122) | HMS Gurkha (F122)
carrying out patrol operations in the Persian Gulf, returning to Rosyth on 14 May 1968.
In 1975, "Gurkha" deployed to the West Indies, where the ship performed various duties. In 1976, "Gurkha" supported Royal Navy efforts against Iceland during the Third Cod War. She sustained superficial damage on 7 May when the patrol ship attempted to force the ship towards the British trawler "Ross Ramilles", during which "Óðinn" collided with "Gurkha". In that collision "Óðinn"s port propeller was damaged by "Gurkha"s starboard stabiliser, forcing her to return to port for repairs.
"Gurkha" was present at the 1977 Spithead Fleet Review, held in honour of Queen Elizabeth II's Silver Jubilee. At this time | 12,563 |
620951 | HMS Gurkha (F122) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Gurkha%20(F122) | HMS Gurkha (F122)
she was part of the 1st Frigate Squadron.
Gurkha was reduced to the reserve in 1980, being placed in the Standby Squadron. Although she had been put on the disposal list, "Gurkha" was removed from the reserve during the Falklands War and prepared for active service. "Gurkha" remained in home waters, fulfilling duties in the absence of ships that were operating in the South Atlantic. The following year, "Gurkha" became Gibraltar Guardship.
# Indonesian Navy service.
After being decommissioned in 1984, "Gurkha" was sold to Indonesia. She was renamed "Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes" for the national hero Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes after a radiologist and specialist in X-ray technology. The frigate | 12,564 |
620951 | HMS Gurkha (F122) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=HMS%20Gurkha%20(F122) | HMS Gurkha (F122)
the Standby Squadron. Although she had been put on the disposal list, "Gurkha" was removed from the reserve during the Falklands War and prepared for active service. "Gurkha" remained in home waters, fulfilling duties in the absence of ships that were operating in the South Atlantic. The following year, "Gurkha" became Gibraltar Guardship.
# Indonesian Navy service.
After being decommissioned in 1984, "Gurkha" was sold to Indonesia. She was renamed "Wilhelmus Zakarias Yohannes" for the national hero Wilhelmus Zakaria Johannes after a radiologist and specialist in X-ray technology. The frigate was withdrawn from service in 1999 and remains laid up at Surabaya Naval Base to await scrapping. | 12,565 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
Mystery!
Mystery! (also written MYSTERY!) is a television anthology series produced by WGBH Boston for PBS in the United States.
The series was created as a mystery, police and crime drama spin-off of the already established PBS show "Masterpiece Theatre". From 1980-2006, "Mystery!" aired mostly British crime series purchased from or co-produced with the BBC or ITV and adapted from British mystery fiction. In 2002, due to pressure to include more American material, a series based on the novels of US mystery writer Tony Hillerman was produced, but the vast majority of "Mystery!" programming has always been and continues to be British literary adaptations co-produced with UK-based production | 12,566 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
companies.
In 2008 PBS combined "Mystery!" with its predecessor "Masterpiece Theatre" under the umbrella title "Masterpiece", which includes the sub-brands "Masterpiece Classic", "Masterpiece Mystery!", and "Masterpiece Contemporary".
# Edward Gorey, Derek Lamb, and the "Mystery!" opening sequence.
"Mystery!" is noted for its animated opening and closing title sequences with original drawings created by cartoonist Edward Gorey and animated by Eugene Federenko, Derek Lamb, and Janet Perlman, with music by Normand Roger. A PBS veteran, animator Lamb had also created programming for series like "Sesame Street", "The Electric Company", and "The American Dream Machine".
Gorey’s first attempt | 12,567 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
at creating a storyboard of the opening was estimated to run 10 minutes. Because executive producer Joan Wilson was looking for a 75-second sequence, Gorey was eventually asked to hand over the drawings and allow animators to use his work as inspiration. Gorey, known for his eccentric and stubborn nature, recounted:
The Lamb/Gorey sequence has changed several times since 1980. It consisted of a non-linear series of animated period country house tableaux. The scenes include a formal ball, a crowd of umbrella-toting funeral attendants, three investigators, a croquet game in the rain, and a moaning damsel in various scenes of distress. Over time, the sequence became more streamlined, shorter, | 12,568 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
and slightly more colorful. For the Hillerman episodes, the American flag was worked into the opening title sequence.
Today, the "Masterpiece" opening sequence is almost identical across the sub-brands. Each opening fades in and out of scenes of popular characters from each series. The "Mystery!" version still features the Gorey/Lamb characters.
# Inception and early history.
"Mystery!" was the second British anthology to come to WGBH Boston after "Masterpiece Theatre". In 1979 Mobil Oil head of corporate affairs Herb Schmertz offered the idea of an all-British crime series show to WGBH manager Henry Becton. Mobil Oil was already the underwriter for "Masterpiece Theater" and had seen success | 12,569 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
with high-profile British series, including "The Six Wives of Henry VIII" and "Elizabeth R". By 1979, WGBH was bringing in a diverse array of British programming, to the point that Mobil saw an advantage to creating a unique time slot for the crime/police drama genre.Mobil spent 2.3 million in 1979 and 3.2 million in 1980 toward the shows it sponsored on PBS, including for the kickoff of "Mystery!" Not everyone was especially enthusiastic over the genre division between "Masterpiece Theater" and "Mystery!" Then "Masterpiece Theater" host Alistair Cooke initially bemoaned the loss of the crime genre:
One of "Mystery!"'s early successes was "Rumpole of the Bailey". Other noted successes include | 12,570 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
"The Adventures of Sherlock Holmes" starring Jeremy Brett in the title role, "Inspector Morse" with John Thaw, "Brother Cadfael" starring Derek Jacobi, and "Prime Suspect" starring Helen Mirren. Agatha Christie sleuths Hercule Poirot (David Suchet) and Miss Marple (at various times Joan Hickson, Geraldine McEwan and Julia McKenzie) have also been featured.
"Mystery!" won both the 1988 Anthony Award and the 1991 Anthony Award for "Best Television Show".
# Hosts.
The first host of the show in 1980 was Gene Shalit. In the first broadcast, February 5, 1980, Shalit opened with the introduction: “Good evening. We’re about to set out on a series of entertaining mysteries—15 weeks of suspenseful, | 12,571 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
sophisticated, crafty conundrums that are darkly diabolical or amusing adventures with introductions that suddenly seem alarmingly alliterative.” Shalit left the show in 1981.
Vincent Price took the reins in "Mystery!"’s second year. Price’s introductions included haunted house gags, including walking through cobwebs and ducking under spiders and bats. He came to Boston twice a year to tape openings and closings for the show. Actress Katherine Emory called Price “the sweetest scary man I ever met". Price was in his seventies when he hosted the show, and eventually had to step down due to failing health in 1989.
Diana Rigg took over as host in 1989, and had the opportunity to introduce two | 12,572 |
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mystery series in which she was the star: "Mother Love" and "The Mrs Bradley Mysteries". Rigg had previously won a BAFTA Award for her work on "Masterpiece Theater"’s 1985 "Bleak House" adaptation. She left "Mystery!" in 2003.
Beginning in 2004, "Mystery!" aired without a host. When the show was re-branded under the "Masterpiece" umbrella in 2008, actor Alan Cumming became the host.
## 1996-2007.
In the summer of 1995, Mobil announced that it would stop funding "Mystery!" at the end of the season. Its underwritten series "Masterpiece Theater" and "Mystery!" had been losing audiences for some time.
"Many times, over the years, we've watched our best mini-series debut with a flourish … only | 12,573 |
620933 | Mystery! | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mystery! | Mystery!
to see the audience gently or not so gently erode over the weeks," executive producer Rebecca Eaton said, citing last year's "Middlemarch" as an example.".
Although Mobil had been experiencing restructuring, cutting 1,250 employees, the company refused to blame its actions on cost cutting. The company announced that it would stay with "Masterpiece Theater" at least through 1999 though it didn’t leave as underwriter until 2004. After the ExxonMobil merger in 1999, the company reoriented its philanthropic mission to support public health and environmental causes, dropping its commitment to public television. PBS had avoided adding 30-second advertisements before programming blocks, despite underwriters’ | 12,574 |
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requests for more robust representation on the channel. Mobil swore that the decision had nothing to do with PBS’s hesitancy in implementing 30-second advertising sports for its underwriters. Since 1980, Mobil had covered the entire cost of acquiring, repackaging and promoting British dramas for PBS, which had typically cost the company around $10 million a year. Without Mobil, "Masterpiece Theater" and "Mystery!" were left without consistent support until 2011.
As a result of Mobil's initial break from "Mystery!", Eaton and her staff began looking for newer, more “relevant” stories to tell in both shows. They also looked to past successes for help. "Prime Suspect" had gained a strong following | 12,575 |
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in the U.S. as well as England, so PBS re-ran Series 4 on "Masterpiece Theater" during the 1995-1996 season.
PBS shifted "Mystery!" in 2002 from its Thursday prime-time slot during the regular American TV season to Sunday nights in the summer. "Mystery!" continued as a summer series from 2002 to 2004 with shows like "The Inspector Lynley Mysteries", "Hetty Wainthropp Investigates" and "Foyle's War".
# 2008 format change.
In 2008, the series was absorbed into "Masterpiece" (the former "Masterpiece Theatre") and began using the banner Masterpiece Mystery! In addition, its theme music was changed. It now carries a signature theme based on its sister program's former theme. This version is hosted | 12,576 |
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by Alan Cumming.
Rebecca Eaton reflected on the 2008 changes in an interview with Diane Rehm, citing Mobil’s departure, a competitive media landscape, and trouble branding "Masterpiece Theater" and "Mystery!" to new audiences. Eaton said:
“I realized that this ship of whom I was the captain was at risk of going down, and that I had to do something. And I truly did not know what to do and had no money to do anything anyway. But we got a grant from the Corporation for Public Broadcasting and PBS which we were pretty much allowed to do anything with...we spent it on doing some research into how people perceived Masterpiece. And discovered that they used to watch it, they loved it, they regarded | 12,577 |
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it very highly. They weren't watching it so much anymore. They thought it was too hard to find...And a lot of people were put off by the title. They thought, oh it sounds like it will be very challenging. It sounds like homework...We didn't change the content because we realized whenever anybody, particularly younger viewers watched it, watched Madame Bovary or Sense and Sensibility or Bleak House, they loved it. It was just sort of getting past the rather forbidding title of "Masterpiece Theater" and the confusing anthology nature.”
# Mystery! in popular culture.
- "Mystery!" was parodied by "Sesame Street"'s "Mysterious Theatre" sketches in the early 1990s, hosted by Vincent Twice (whose | 12,578 |
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name was always said twice), a pastiche of Vincent Price.
- The 1990s "Mystery!" opening was parodied on a 1998 episode of fellow WGBH program "Arthur" entitled "Binky Rules."
# American Mystery! Specials.
The American Mystery! Specials featured three stories set in the United States. They were based on Tony Hillerman's Navajo Tribal Police stories featuring Joe Leaphorn, played by Wes Studi, and Jim Chee, portrayed by Adam Beach:
- "Skinwalkers" 2002 (1)
- "Coyote Waits" 2003 (1)
- "A Thief of Time" 2004 (1)
# References.
## Bibliography.
- Eaton, Rebecca (2013). "Making Masterpiece: 25 Years Behind the Scenes at Masterpiece Theatre and Mystery! at PBS," Viking Adult.
- Hilmes, Michele | 12,579 |
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(2012). "Network Nations: A Transnational History of British and American Broadcasting." Routledge.
- Knox, Simone (2012). “Masterpiece Theatre and British Drama Imports on US Television: Discourses of Tension.” "Critical Studies in Television" 7:1 (29-48).
- Miller, Ron (1996). "MYSTERY!: A Celebration", WGBH Educational Foundation, 1996. .
- Neves, Sheron (2013). “Running a Brothel from Inside a Monastery: Drama Co-Productions at the BBC and the Trade Relationship with America from the 1970s to the 1990s,” PhD dissertation, University of London-Birkbeck.
- Weissmann, Elke (2012). "Transnational Television Drama: Special Relations and Mutual Influence Between the US and the UK". Palgrave | 12,580 |
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American Broadcasting." Routledge.
- Knox, Simone (2012). “Masterpiece Theatre and British Drama Imports on US Television: Discourses of Tension.” "Critical Studies in Television" 7:1 (29-48).
- Miller, Ron (1996). "MYSTERY!: A Celebration", WGBH Educational Foundation, 1996. .
- Neves, Sheron (2013). “Running a Brothel from Inside a Monastery: Drama Co-Productions at the BBC and the Trade Relationship with America from the 1970s to the 1990s,” PhD dissertation, University of London-Birkbeck.
- Weissmann, Elke (2012). "Transnational Television Drama: Special Relations and Mutual Influence Between the US and the UK". Palgrave Macmillan.
# External links.
- Official "Masterpiece" website | 12,581 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
Water dispenser
A water dispenser, known as water cooler (if used for cooling only), is a machine that cools and dispenses water with a refrigeration unit. It is commonly located near the restroom due to closer access to plumbing. A drain line is also provided from the water cooler into the sewer system.
Water coolers come in a variety of form factors, ranging from wall-mounted to bottle filler water cooler combination units, to bi-level units and other formats. They are generally broken up in two categories: point-of-use (POU) water coolers and bottled water coolers. POU Water coolers are connected to a water supply, while bottled water coolers require delivery (or self-pick-up) of water in | 12,582 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
large bottles from vendors. Bottled water coolers can be top-mounted or bottom-loaded, depending on the design of the model.
Bottled water coolers typically use 5 or 10-gallon dispensers commonly found on top of the unit. Pressure coolers are a subcategory of water coolers encompassing water fountains and direct-piping water dispensers. Water cooler may also refer to a primitive device for keeping water cool.
Water coolers are a common metonym referring to workplace socialization.
# Dispenser types.
## Wall-mounted / recessed.
The wall-mounted type is connected to the building's water supply for a continuous supply of water and electricity to run a refrigeration unit to cool the incoming | 12,583 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
water, and to the building's waste disposal system to dispose of unused water. Wall-mounted water coolers are frequently used in commercial buildings like hospitals, schools, businesses, and other facilities where a facility manager is present to monitor its installation and maintenance.
In the standard wall-mounted cooler, also commonly referred to as a water fountain or drinking fountain, a small tank in the machine holds chilled water so the user does not have to wait for chilled water. Water is delivered by turning or pressing a button on a spring-loaded valve located on the top of the unit, that turns off the water when released. Some devices also offer a large button on the front or side. | 12,584 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
Newer machines may not have a button at all; instead, a sensor that detects when someone is near and activates the water. Water is delivered in a stream that arches up, allowing the user to drink directly from the top of the stream of water. These devices usually dispense water directly from the municipal water supply, without treatment or filtering.
Wall mount water coolers come in a wide variety of styles, from recessed models to splash resistant, contoured basins protruding out from the wall, traditional rounded square edge designs, bottle filler and water cooler combination units, bi-level designs, and other features and options.
## Bottom-load water dispenser.
Water dispensers commonly | 12,585 |
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have the water supply vessel mounted at the top of the unit. Bottom-load water dispensers have the vessel mounted at the bottom of the unit to make loading easier.
## Tabletop water dispenser.
There are also smaller versions of the water dispensers where the dispenser can be placed directly on top of a table. These dispensers are commonly classified as household appliances and can often be found in household kitchens and office pantries.
## Direct-piping water dispenser (POU).
Water dispensers can be directly connected to the in-house water source for continuous dispensing of hot and cold drinking water.
It is commonly referred to as POU (Point of Use) water dispensers. POU units are generally | 12,586 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
more hygienic than bottled water coolers, provided the end user has access to clean water sources.
## Freestanding.
A freestanding design generally involves bottles of water placed spout-down into the dispensing machine.
Tabletop or kitchen worktop versions are available which utilize readily available five-liter water bottles from supermarkets. These coolers use air pumps to push the water into the cooling chamber and Peltier devices to chill the water.
New development within the water cooler market is the advent of countertop appliances which are connected to the mains and provide an instant supply of not only chilled water but also hot and boiling water. This is often visible in the horeca | 12,587 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
industry.
Water will flow faster when the handle is in the upright position. The water is aerated which allows the water to come through the spout at a faster rate.
# Water source.
Water dispensed from water coolers may originate from many different sources, but are often classified into two major categories, namely natural mineral and spring water, and purified water.
## Natural mineral and spring water.
Natural mineral and spring water are waters emanating from underground geological rock formations collected from boreholes or emerging springs. Legislation in each respective country further differentiates between these two types of water and stipulates strict naming and labeling criteria | 12,588 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
based on natural source protection, total dissolved solids, and the amount of processing the water may undergo prior to bottling.
## Purified water.
Purified water is water from groundwater or municipal water supply and is produced by any one of several methods of purification including reverse osmosis, distillation, deionization, and filtration. The water is often treated by ultraviolet light or ozone for antimicrobial reasons and re-mineralized by injection of soluble inorganic salts.
# Water delivery.
The delivery of water in a water cooler comes in two main forms, namely bottled variants, or plumbed directly from the main water supply. The water is normally pumped into a water tank to | 12,589 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
be heated or chilled, depending on the model of the water Modern versions include hybrid models that are able to utilize both methods.
## Bottled water coolers.
To install the bottle, the bottle is tipped upside down and set onto the dispenser; a probe punctures the cap of the bottle
and allows the water to flow into the machine's internal reservoir.
These gravity-powered systems have a device to dispense water in a controlled manner.
These machines come in different sizes and vary from table units, intended for occasional use to floor-mounted units intended for heavier use. Bottled water is normally delivered to households or businesses on a regular basis, where empty returnable polycarbonate | 12,590 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
bottles are exchanged for full ones. In developing markets, PET is often used for large bottles despite shrinkage and lower washing temperature will lead to making it a more challenging material to use.
The bottle size varies with the size of the unit, with the larger versions in the US using bottles. This is also the most common size elsewhere, labeled as 18.9 liters in countries that use the metric system. Originally, these bottles were manufactured at 3,5 or 6 US gallon capacity (11.4, 18.9 or 22.7 liters) and supplied to rented water cooler units. These units usually do not have a place to dump excess water, only offering a small basin to catch minor spills. On the front, a lever or pushbutton | 12,591 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
dispenses the water into a cup held beneath the spigot. When the water container is empty, it is lifted off the top of the dispenser, and automatically seals to prevent any excess water still in the bottle from leaking.
### Material.
For many years and throughout the 20th century, glass was the main material used for bottling until the evolution of thermoplastics following World War II. PVC evolved as a multi-purpose plastic material and gained mass adoption as an ideal mass production material. Only dark green glass bottles were retained for packaging carbonated waters. The 1980s saw the re-development of PVC bottles due to cost reduction. Advances in manufacturing and materials technology | 12,592 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
such as new blow and injection molding techniques have reduced the wall thickness and weight of bottles while improving durability and increasing service life.
## Direct plumbed.
Directly plumbed water coolers use tap water and therefore do not need bottles due to their use of the main water supply. Usually, some method of purification is used. Log reduction (i.e. 6-log reduction or 99.9999% effective) is used as a measure on the effectiveness of sanitization and disinfection.
# Purification.
## Filtration.
Filtration methods include reverse osmosis, ion exchange, and activated carbon. Reverse osmosis works differently from chemical or ultraviolet protection, using a membrane that has fine | 12,593 |
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pores, passing HO while preventing larger molecules such as salts, carbonates, and other micro-organisms from passing through it. If there is insufficient energy to naturally force the water through the membrane, a powerful pump is required, resulting in potential high energy costs. In addition, RO units are capable of softening water. Some living micro-organisms, including viruses, are capable of passing through an RO unit filter.
Deionizers or demineralizers use resins exchange to remove ions from the stream of water and are most commonly twin-bed or mixed-bed deionizers. It is often used in sterile manufacturing environments such as computer chips, where deionized water is a poor conductor | 12,594 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
of electricity.
Inactivated carbon, raw materials such as lignite, coal, bone charcoal, coconut shells, and wood charcoal are used, developing pores during activation when partly burning away carbon layers. In most cases, activated carbon is a single-use material as regeneration is often not possible on-site. Granular activated carbon (GAC) is most commonly used in the filtration of the water cooler. Regular sanitization using hot water and steam is required to limit bacterial growth.
## Sanitization & disinfection.
The sanitization of water is defined by the reduction of the number of micro-organisms to a safe level. According to the AOAC suspension test method, a sanitizer should be capable | 12,595 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
of killing 99.999% of a specific bacterial test population within 30 seconds at 25°C (77°F). Sanitizers may or may not necessarily destroy pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria. The sanitizer used must comply with regulations applicable in the geographic location. In the US, sanitizers are regulated by the EPA and FDA, and must pass the AOAC test in the reduction of microbial activity of two standard test organisms ("staphylococcus aureus" and "Escherichia coli") from a designated microbial load by a 5-log reduction.
The main difference between a sanitizer and a disinfectant is that at a specific use dilution, the disinfectant must have a higher kill capability for pathogenic bacteria than | 12,596 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
that of a sanitizer. If these micro-organisms are not destroyed, the bottled water being produced may be contaminated.
UVGI (Ultraviolet Germicidal Irradiation) is a commonly used disinfection method to kill or inactivate micro-organisms and leaving them unable to perform vital cellular functions. Drawbacks to UV light water purifiers include turbidity. If the fluid is unclear, the UV light will not pass through completely, leaving the stream partially sterilized.
# Cooling and heating methods.
## Cooling.
Most modern units offer a refrigeration function to chill the water, using Vapor compression refrigeration or Thermoelectric cooling.
### Vapor compression refrigeration.
Water coolers | 12,597 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
using vapor compression refrigeration come in one of the following systems:
- Reservoir System - A tank where water is held, to be used for cooling or heating and is fitted with a float mechanism to prevent overflowing.
- Removable Reservoir - a removable reservoir is an open-end tank with cooling coils that come into contact with the external tank surface. It operates on the basis of a modular system, allowing one to easily detach and refill water instead of keeping it in a closed system. One of the advantages in using a removable reservoir is the ease of sanitization. This allows end users to replace the reservoir completely rather than sending an entire water cooler back for servicing. | 12,598 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
A similar technology can be found in many modern water dispensers and coffee machines.
- Stainless Steel - open end tank with cooling coils that come into contact with the external tank surface
- Pressure Vessel Direct Chill System - The combination of a pressure vessel, which protects the water in the tank from air-borne contamination, and a direct chill system which cools water coming from the mains quickly.
- Pressure Vessel - A sealed pressure vessel is filled at a lower pressure within the water cooler. As such, the water does not come into contact with the atmosphere, allowing a larger amount of cold water (depending on the size of the tank) to be dispensed at the expense of a slower | 12,599 |
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