wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
cooling system.
- Direct Chill - In a standard direct chill system, water is passed through a stainless steel coil that is in contact with a copper evaporator that circulates refrigerant gas. The refrigeration system is attached outside of the coil and the cold transfers through the pipe walls to chill... | 12,600 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
the water to get cold more quickly again at the expense of having a lower volume of cold water available.
- Ice-bank Cooling System - A pressurized stainless steel coil and a copper coil is immersed in a reservoir full of pre-chilled water. The copper coil containing the refrigerant gas freezes the wat... | 12,601 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
pairs of semiconductors enclosed by ceramic wafers. Thermoelectric coolers use direct current power rather than refrigerant gas and a compressor and have no moving parts or complex assemblies.
## Heating.
Some versions also have a second dispenser that delivers room-temperature water or even heated wa... | 12,602 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
features.
## Bottle Filler.
Newer variants of water coolers include an additional dispenser designed to fill water bottles directly on wall-mounted units. This is increasingly common in public water coolers as they have also been spotted in public places such as airports and railway stations. These bo... | 12,603 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
over sweetened carbonated beverages. This works with the addition of a mixer tank filled with compressed CO located inside the cooling tank. This brings the temperature of the CO gas down to the temperature of the cooling tank. As carbonated water is dispensed, the mixer tank is automatically refilled w... | 12,604 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
citric acid can be used for this cleaning process.
Heating tanks will require cleaning when normal hot water flow appears to be restricted or when noisy heating cycles can be heard during operation. Additional symptoms include water coming from the cooling tank is very warm as well as a change of taste... | 12,605 |
620957 | Water dispenser | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Water%20dispenser | Water dispenser
tank is very warm as well as a change of taste in the water resulting from mineral build-up.
# Water cooler effect.
A water cooler effect is a phenomenon, occurring when employees at a workplace gather around the office water cooler and chat. It is a synonym for gathering and connecting people in a ce... | 12,606 |
620962 | Oatlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Oatlands | Oatlands
Oatlands
Oatlands may refer to the following places:
# Australia.
- Oatlands, New South Wales, a suburb of Sydney
- Oatlands, Tasmania
- Oatlands Primary School, Narre Warren, Victoria
# Ireland.
- Oatlands College
# United Kingdom.
- Oatlands, Glasgow, Scotland
- Oatlands, North Yorkshire, England
... | 12,607 |
620965 | Unleashed Memories | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unleashed%20Memories | Unleashed Memories
Unleashed Memories
Unleashed Memories is the second studio album by Italian gothic metal band Lacuna Coil. The album was released 20 March 2001 through Century Media Records and is the first release to feature the classic lineup as Marco Biazzi joined the band. American releases append the "Halflife... | 12,608 |
620965 | Unleashed Memories | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unleashed%20Memories | Unleashed Memories
ia Records and is the first release to feature the classic lineup as Marco Biazzi joined the band. American releases append the "Halflife" EP to this album.
# Track listing.
## Reissue Enhanced CD content.
- 1. Photo gallery and Wallpapers
# Personnel.
## Band members.
- Andrea Ferro - male voc... | 12,609 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
Seattle Metropolitans
The Seattle Metropolitans were a professional ice hockey team based in Seattle, Washington which played in the Pacific Coast Hockey Association from 1915 to 1924. They won the Stanley Cup in 1917, becoming the first American team to do so, eleven years before the NHL's Ameri... | 12,610 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
(NHA). The Blueshirts had won the Stanley Cup in 1914 and this provided Seattle with an immediately competitive squad. The Blueshirts' players who moved to Seattle were Eddie Carpenter, Frank Foyston, Hap Holmes, Jack Walker and Cully Wilson. The name was derived from the Metropolitan Building Com... | 12,611 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
PCHA rules, i.e., seven players per side, forward passing in the neutral zone, and no substitution for penalized players. Games two and four were played under NHA rules, i.e., six players per side, no forward passing, substitutions allowed.
## Later years in PCHA.
After winning the 1917 Stanley ... | 12,612 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
declaring a tie and another by Frank Foyston, who scored 8 goals in the first 4 games of the series.
During the 1920 Stanley Cup finals, the Ottawa Senators would don solid white Jerseys to avoid confusion with Seattle's barber pole style of green, red and white (Ottawa traditionally wore black r... | 12,613 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
League (WCHL) counted in the PCHA standings. This allowed Seattle to have a losing record yet still win the league regular season championship in 1924. In 1924, the Seattle team folded and the PCHA ceased to operate. In its final season, the team had an average of 1000 fans per game in attendance.... | 12,614 |
620963 | Seattle Metropolitans | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle%20Metropolitans | Seattle Metropolitans
etropolitans Night" to celebrate 100 years of Seattle hockey. During the game, the team wore replicas of the original Metropolitans jersey and temporarily changed the team name to the Seattle Metropolitans. The final score was a 3-2 Metropolitans win over the Tri-City Americans.
# Season-by-seaso... | 12,615 |
620980 | Lewis Powell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lewis%20Powell | Lewis Powell
Lewis Powell
Lewis Powell may refer to:
- Lewis F. Powell Jr. (1907–1998), Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States
- Lewis Powell (conspirator) (1844–1865), conspirator with John Wilkes Booth
- Lewis Powell (MP) (1576–1636), Welsh politician
- Lewis W. Powell (1882–1942), American ... | 12,616 |
620991 | Plummer model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plummer%20model | Plummer model
Plummer model
The Plummer model or Plummer sphere is a density law that was first used by H. C. Plummer to fit observations of globular clusters. It is now often used as toy model in N-body simulations of stellar systems.
# Description of the model.
The Plummer 3-dimensional density profile is given by... | 12,617 |
620991 | Plummer model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plummer%20model | Plummer model
formula_8 is given by
Many other properties of the Plummer model are described in Herwig Dejonghe's comprehensive paper.
Core radius formula_10, where the surface density drops to half its central value, is at formula_11.
Half-mass radius is formula_12
Virial radius is formula_13
The radial turning p... | 12,618 |
620991 | Plummer model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plummer%20model | Plummer model
formula_22 can be calculated from single real root of the discriminant of the cubic equation which is itself another cubic equation
where underlined parameters are dimensionless in Henon units defined as formula_24, formula_25, and formula_26.
# Applications.
The Plummer model comes closest to represen... | 12,619 |
620991 | Plummer model | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Plummer%20model | Plummer model
h is itself another cubic equation
where underlined parameters are dimensionless in Henon units defined as formula_24, formula_25, and formula_26.
# Applications.
The Plummer model comes closest to representing the observed density profiles of star clusters, although the rapid falloff of the density at... | 12,620 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
Doppelmayr USA
Doppelmayr USA, Inc is an aerial lift manufacturer based in Salt Lake City, Utah, and a subsidiary of the worldwide Doppelmayr Garaventa Group. The United States company was formed in 2002 after the merger of Garaventa of Goldau, Switzerland, and Doppelmayr of Wolfurt, Austria. Between 20... | 12,621 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
1971 and 1977. By 1977, Thiokol had decided to stop producing ski lifts and sold their designs to two employees, Jan Leonard and Mark Ballantyne.
CTEC's first lift produced as an independent manufacturer was at Seven Springs Mountain Resort, Pennsylvania, in 1978. Leonard oversaw engineering at the comp... | 12,622 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
used detachable grips built by the Swiss company Garaventa. In 1992, CTEC and Garaventa merged and the new company was named Garaventa CTEC. Prior to the merger, Garaventa had built only a few lifts in North America, including Aerial Trams at Snowbird, Utah, and Squaw Valley Ski Resort, California. The c... | 12,623 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
Ski Resort and Vail Ski Resort, and Steamboat Springs Ski Resort in Colorado, and Deer Valley, Utah. In 1999, Ballantyne left the company to form a window and door distribution company but Leonard remained president.
# Doppelmayr USA before merger.
Doppelmayr was a world-renowned Austrian ropeway manuf... | 12,624 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
built the world's first detachable high speed quad chairlift in 1981 at Breckenridge Ski Resort in Colorado. As detachable lifts became increasingly popular, Doppelmayr's market share and reputation increased.
In 1996, Doppelmayr's European holding company purchased the ropeway department of Von Roll, a... | 12,625 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
Doppelmayr of Austria, forming the world's largest aerial lift manufacturer. The new company would be known as the Doppelmayr Garaventa Group in Europe and Doppelmayr CTEC in North America. Consolidation resulted in the closure of CTEC's Sacramento manufacturing facility and Doppelmayr's Golden, Colorado... | 12,626 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
Many of CTEC's fixed grip designs were kept. Today, manufacturing of fixed grip chairlift terminals and all tower tubes and chairs is done at Doppelmayr CTEC's Salt Lake City factory, while all line equipment and detachable terminals are made in the Quebec plant. Jan Leonard, president of Garaventa CTEC ... | 12,627 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
company purchased Partek, a small chairlift manufacturer based in Pine Island, New York. Also included in the purchase were Partek's rights to Borvig lifts.
Jan Leonard stepped down as president of the company in October 2007 to start a new company, Skytrac Lifts. He was replaced by VP Mark Bee.
In 200... | 12,628 |
620976 | Doppelmayr USA | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Doppelmayr%20USA | Doppelmayr USA
notable lifts at Jackson Hole, Wyoming, and Whistler Blackcomb, British Columbia. The new tram at Jackson Hole cost $31 million and replaced the iconic original Jackson Hole Tram. Whistler-Blackcomb's Peak 2 Peak Gondola is the largest lift of its kind in the world, breaking multiple world records and co... | 12,629 |
621008 | Air cooling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air%20cooling | Air cooling
Air cooling
Air cooling is a method of dissipating heat. It works by expanding the surface area or increasing the flow of air over the object to be cooled, or both. An example of the former is to add cooling fins to the surface of the object, either by making them integral or by attaching them tightly to t... | 12,630 |
621008 | Air cooling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air%20cooling | Air cooling
is due to the second law of thermodynamics, which states that heat will only move spontaneously from a hot reservoir (the heat sink) to a cold reservoir (the air).
# Derating at high altitude.
When operating in an environment with lower air pressure like high altitude or airplane cabins, the cooling capac... | 12,631 |
621008 | Air cooling | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Air%20cooling | Air cooling
cooling
- Computer fan
- Deep water air cooling
- Evaporative cooling
- Water cooling
- Oil cooling
- Heat pipe cooling
- Peltier cooling
- Heater core
# References.
- P V Lamarque, "The design of cooling fins for Motorcycle Engines", Report of the Automobile Research Committee, Institution of Aut... | 12,632 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
Kaija Saariaho
Kaija Anneli Saariaho (; née "Laakkonen", born 14 October 1952) is a Finnish composer based in Paris, France.
Saariaho studied composition in Helsinki, Freiburg, and Paris, where she has lived since 1982. Her research at the Institute for Research and Coordination in Acoustics/Music (IRC... | 12,633 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
the Salzburg Music Festival, the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, and the Finnish National Opera, among others.
# Life and work.
Saariaho was born in Helsinki, Finland. She studied at the Sibelius Academy under Paavo Heininen. After attending the Darmstadt Summer Courses, she moved to Germany to study at ... | 12,634 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
in Saariaho's artistic direction. These experiences guided her decision to attend courses in computer music that were being given by IRCAM, the computer music research institute in Paris, by David Wessel, Jean-Baptiste Barrière, and Marc Battier.
In 1982, she began work at IRCAM researching computer ana... | 12,635 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
"Jardin secret I" (1985), "Jardin secret II" (1986), and "Nymphea (Jardin secret III)" (1987). Her works with electronics were developed in collaboration with Jean-Baptiste Barrière, a composer, multimedia artist, and computer scientist who directed the IRCAM's department of musical research from 1984 to... | 12,636 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
it is from loud to quiet. "Verblendungen" also uses a pair of visual ideas as its basis: a brush stroke which starts as a dense mark on the page and thins out into individual strands, and the word "verblendungen" itself, which means "dazzlements".
Her work in the 1980s and 1990s was marked by an emphasi... | 12,637 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
process, Saariaho said:
Saariaho has often talked about having a kind of synaesthesia, one that involves all of the senses, saying:
Another example is "Six Japanese Gardens" (1994), a percussion piece accompanied by a prerecorded electronic layer of the Japanese nature, traditional instruments, and cha... | 12,638 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
She said:
In her book on Saariaho, musicologist Pirkko Moisala writes about the indeterminate nature of this composition:
On 1 December 2016, the Metropolitan Opera gave its first performance of "L'Amour de loin", the first opera by a female composer to be staged by the company since 1903, and the seco... | 12,639 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
Ferienkurse
- 1988 – Prix Italia for "Stilleben"
- 1989 – Prix Ars Electronica for "Stilleben" and "Io"; one-year residency at the University of San Diego
- 2000 - Nordic Council Music Prize for "Lonh"
- 2003 – Doctor of Philosophy "honoris causa" by the Faculty of Arts, University of Turku
- 2003 –... | 12,640 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
composer after Sofia Gubaidulina.
- 2011 – Léonie Sonning Music Prize
- 2011 – Grammy Award for Best Opera Recording ("L'amour de loin")
- 2013 – Polar Music Prize
- 2017 – BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award in Contemporary Music
# Selected works.
- "Verblendungen" (1984; orchestra, elect... | 12,641 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
théâtre" (1994; violin, orchestra)
- "Oltra Mar" (1999; chorus and orchestra)
- "L'Amour de loin" (2000; opera)
- "Orion" (2002; orchestra)
- "Adriana Mater" (2005; opera)
- "Asteroid 4179: Toutatis" (2005; orchestra)
- "La Passion de Simone" (2006; oratorio/opera)
- "Adriana Mater" (2006; opera, ... | 12,642 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
"Only The Sound Remains" ("Always Strong" and "Feather Mantle")
# Selected recordings.
- "Graal Théâtre" – Gidon Kremer; BBC Symphony Orchestra; Esa-Pekka Salonen – Sony SK60817
- "L'Amour de loin" – Gerald Finley; Dawn Upshaw; Finnish National Opera; Esa-Pekka Salonen – Deutsche Grammophon DVD 00440 ... | 12,643 |
620970 | Kaija Saariaho | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kaija%20Saariaho | Kaija Saariaho
Today – Saariaho article and review of works
- Kaija Saariaho – Virtual International Philharmonic
- 2003 – Kaija Saariaho. Grawemeyer Foundation page on Kaija Saariaho.
- 2003 honorary degree recipients at University of Turku
- English language biography of Jean-Baptiste Barrière
- Iitti, Sanna: "K... | 12,644 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Exploitation film
An exploitation film is a film that attempts to succeed financially by exploiting current trends, niche genres, or lurid content. Exploitation films are generally low-quality "B movies". They sometimes attract critical attention and cult followings. Some of these films, such as "Nig... | 12,645 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
cinematic taboos in the U.S. and Europe. The Motion Picture Association of America (and the Motion Picture Producers and Distributors of America before it) cooperated with censorship boards and grassroots organizations in the hope of preserving the image of a "clean" Hollywood, but the distributors of... | 12,646 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
of the film than with the film's actual content. Titillating material and artistic content often coexist, as demonstrated by the fact that art films that failed to pass the Hays Code were often shown in the same grindhouses as exploitation films. Exploitation films share the fearlessness of acclaimed ... | 12,647 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
of the modern splatter film. It has been suggested that if "Carnival of Souls" had been made in Europe, it would be considered an art film, while if "Eyes Without a Face" had been made in the U.S., it would have been categorized as a low-budget horror film. The audiences of art and exploitation film a... | 12,648 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
in films like "Reefer Madness" (1936), attracted audiences that major film studios would usually avoid in order to keep their respectable, mainstream reputations. With enough incentive, however, major studios might become involved, as Warner Bros. did in their 1969 anti-LSD, anti-counterculture film "... | 12,649 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
from a very conservative moral viewpoint to avoid censorship, as movies then were not considered to enjoy First Amendment protection.
Several war films were made about the Winter War in Finland, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War before the major studios showed interest. When Orson Welles' radio pro... | 12,650 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
allows them to take advantage of publicity attached to major studio films. For example, Edward L. Alperson produced William Cameron Menzies' film "Invaders from Mars" to beat Paramount Pictures' production of director George Pal's "The War of the Worlds" to the cinemas, and Pal's "The Time Machine" wa... | 12,651 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
used to be on the bill. In the 1960s these theaters were put to new use as venues for exploitation films, a trend that continued strongly throughout the 1970s in New York City and other urban centers, mainly in North America, but began a long decline during the 1980s with the advent of home video.
As... | 12,652 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
films out. Many of them were violent action films that some called "drive-in" films.
# Subgenres.
Exploitation films may adopt the subject matter and styling of regular film genres, particularly horror films and documentary films, and their themes are sometimes influenced by other so-called exploita... | 12,653 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
exploitation films of the 1930s and 1940s evaded the strict censorship and scrutiny of the era by claiming to be educational. They were generally cautionary tales about the alleged dangers of premarital sexual intercourse and the use of recreational drugs. Examples include "Marihuana" (1936), "Reefer ... | 12,654 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
followed in the 1950s. The success of American International Pictures' "The Wild Angels" in 1966 ignited a more robust trend that continued into the early 1970s. Other biker films include "Motorpsycho" (1965), "Hells Angels on Wheels" (1967), "The Born Losers" (1967), "Angels from Hell" (1968), "Easy ... | 12,655 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
was African Americans overcoming hostile authority ("The Man") through cunning and violence. The first examples of this subgenre were "Shaft" and Melvin Van Peebles' "Sweet Sweetback's Baadasssss Song". Others are "Black Caesar", "Black Devil Doll", "Blacula", "Black Shampoo", "Boss Nigger", "Coffy", ... | 12,656 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
"Live and Let Die" uses blaxploitation themes.
## Cannibal films.
Cannibal films are graphic, gory movies from the early 1970s to the late 1980s, primarily made by Italian and Spanish moviemakers. They focus on cannibalism by tribes deep in the South American or Asian rainforests. This cannibalism i... | 12,657 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Jungle of Death", "The Mountain of the Cannibal God", "Last Cannibal World", and the first film of the genre, "The Man From Deep River". Famous directors in this genre include Umberto Lenzi, Ruggero Deodato, Jesús Franco, and Joe D'Amato.
"The Green Inferno" (2013) is a modern homage to the genre.
#... | 12,658 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
"tax-shelter era".
The phenomenon emerged in 1974, when the government of Canada introduced new regulations to jumpstart the then-underdeveloped Canadian film industry, increasing the Capital Cost Allowance tax credit from 60 per cent to 100 per cent. While some important and noteworthy films were ma... | 12,659 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
of low-budget horror and genre films, intended as pure tax shelters since they were designed not to turn a conventional profit. Many of the films, in fact, were made by American filmmakers whose projects had been rejected by the Hollywood studio system as not commercially viable, giving rise to the Ho... | 12,660 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Night", "Happy Birthday to Me", "Scanners", "Ghostkeeper", "Visiting Hours", "Highpoint", "Humongous", "Deadly Eyes", "Class of 1984", "Videodrome", "Curtains", "Self Defense", "Spasms", and "Def-Con 4".
The period ended in 1982, when the Capital Cost Allowance was reduced to 50 per cent, although fi... | 12,661 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
cars, and car wrecks that were popular in the 1970s and 1980s. They were produced mainly in the United States and Australia. The quintessential film of this genre is "Vanishing Point" (1971). Others include "Two-Lane Blacktop" (1971), "The Cars That Ate Paris" (1974), "Dirty Mary, Crazy Larry" (1974),... | 12,662 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
a revisionist, non-traditional style of samurai film achieved some popularity in Japan. It became known as "chambara", an onomatopoeia describing the clash of swords. Its origins can be traced as far back as Akira Kurosawa, whose films feature moral grayness and exaggerated violence, but the genre is ... | 12,663 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
"Sex & Fury".
## Giallo films.
Giallo films are Italian-made slasher films that focus on cruel murders and the subsequent search for the killers. They are named for the Italian word for yellow, "giallo", the background color featured on the covers of the pulp novels by which these movies were inspir... | 12,664 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Fulci, and Mario Bava are the best-known directors of this genre.
## Mockbusters.
Mockbusters, sometimes called "remakesploitation films", are copycat movies that try to cash in on the advertising of heavily promoted films from major studios. Production company the Asylum, which prefers to call them... | 12,665 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
attention from major Hollywood studios, who served the Asylum with a cease and desist order to try to prevent them from releasing "The Day the Earth Stopped" to video stores in advance of the release of "The Day the Earth Stood Still" to theaters.
The term "mockbuster" was used as early as the 1950s ... | 12,666 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
films about sensationalized topics like exotic customs from around the world or gruesome death footage. The goal of mondo films, as of shock exploitation, is to shock the audience by dealing with taboo subject matter. The first mondo film is "Mondo Cane" ("A Dog's World"). Others include "Shocking Asi... | 12,667 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
popular. These were typically either giant prehistoric creatures awakened by atomic explosions or ordinary animals mutated by radiation. Among them were "Godzilla", "Them!", and "Tarantula". The trend was revived in the 1970s as awareness of pollution increased and corporate greed and military irrespo... | 12,668 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
the Deep", "Monster Shark", "Orca", "The Pack", "Piranha", "Prophecy", "Razorback", "Blood Feast", "Tentacles", and "Tintorera". Roger Corman was a major producer of these films in both decades. The genre has experienced a revival in recent years, as films like "Mulberry Street" and Larry Fessenden's ... | 12,669 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
focus on Nazis torturing prisoners in death camps and brothels during World War II. The tortures are often sexual, and the prisoners, who are often female, are nude. The progenitor of this subgenre was "Love Camp 7" (1969). The archetype of the genre, which established its popularity and its typical t... | 12,670 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
("Gestapo's Last Orgy", or "Last Orgy of The Third Reich", or "Caligula Reincarnated as Hitler"), "Salon Kitty" and "SS Experiment Camp". Many nazisploitation films were influenced by art films such as Pier Paolo Pasolini's famous "Salò o le 120 giornate di Sodoma" ("Salò or The 120 Days of Sodom") an... | 12,671 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
of "Excelsior Pictures vs. New York Board of Regents" that onscreen nudity is not obscene. This opened the door to more open depictions of nudity, starting with Russ Meyer's 1959 "The Immoral Mr. Teas", which has been credited as the first film to place its exploitation elements unapologetically at th... | 12,672 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
and the "roughie", which included nudity and violent, antisocial behavior.
Nudist films were marked by self-contradictory qualities. They presented themselves as educational films, but exploited their subject matter by focusing mainly on the nudist camps' most beautiful female residents, while denyin... | 12,673 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
equating body shame with the upper class, and nudism with social equality. One scene in "The Unashamed" makes a point about the artificiality of clothing and its related values through a mocking portrayal of a group of nude artists who paint fully clothed subjects.
## Ozploitation.
The term "Ozploit... | 12,674 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
and desert scenes feature in many Ozploitation films, but the term has been used for a variety of Australian films of the era that relied on shocking or titilating their audiences. A documentary about the genre was "". Such films address themes concerning Australian society, particularly in respect of... | 12,675 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
ambitions and activities and their attempts to subdue it.
Notable examples include "Mad Max", "Alvin Purple", "Patrick", "Turkey Shoot", "Road Games", "Wolf Creek", "The Man from Hong Kong", "Scobie Malone", "Wake in Fright", "The Adventures of Barry McKenzie", "Long Weekend", "Dark Age", "Dying Bree... | 12,676 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
man from the country. The genre has drawn praise from feminists such as Carol J. Clover, whose 1992 book "Men, Women, and Chainsaws: Gender in the Modern Horror Film" examines the implications of its reversals of cinema's traditional gender roles. This type of film can be seen as an offshoot of the vi... | 12,677 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
the genre, the original version of "The Last House on the Left", was an uncredited remake of Ingmar Bergman's "The Virgin Spring", recast as a horror film featuring extreme violence. "Deliverance", in which the rape is perpetrated on a man, has been credited as the originator of the genre. Clover, who... | 12,678 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
genre concerns Native American characters almost always played by white actors, usually exacting their revenge on their white tormentors. Examples are "Billy Jack", "The Ransom", The "Thunder Warrior" Trilogy, "The Manitou", "Prophecy", Avenged (aka "Savaged"), "Scalps" and "Clearcut".
## Sexploitati... | 12,679 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
comedies, features love interests and flirtation akin to romance films, over-the-top direction, like cheeky homages, fan service and caricatures, and broad performances that may contain sleazy teasing and alluding to foreplay or kink. Extending the sequences or showing full frontal nudity are typical ... | 12,680 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Sexploitation may contain sex shows to shock or tantalize their audiences.
## Slasher films.
Slasher films focus on a psychopath stalking and violently killing a sequence of victims. Victims are often teenagers or young adults. Alfred Hitchcock's "Psycho (1960)" is often credited with creating the b... | 12,681 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
one strong hero or heroine, the protagonists being isolated or stranded in precarious locations or situations, and either the protagonists or antagonists - or possibly both - experiencing warped family lives or values were all tropes largely founded in "Halloween".
The genre continued into and peaked... | 12,682 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
experienced a mainstream revival in the 1990s with the success of "Scream", which both mocked and paid homage to traditional slasher conventions. Slasher films often prove popular and spawn sequels, prequels and remakes that continue to the present day. Adam Green's "Hatchet" and Ryan Nicholson's "Gut... | 12,683 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
which were primarily for consumption by conservative, mainstream American audiences.
Examples of the genre include "Death Rides a Horse", "Django", "The Good, the Bad and the Ugly", "Navajo Joe", "The Grand Duel", "The Great Silence", "For a Few Dollars More", "The Big Gundown", "Day of Anger", "Face... | 12,684 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
most famous films include "Blood Feast" (1963), "Two Thousand Maniacs!" (1964), "Color Me Blood Red" (1965), "The Gruesome Twosome" (1967) and "The Wizard of Gore" (1970).
The first splatter film to popularize the subgenre was George A. Romero's "Night of the Living Dead" (1968), the director's attem... | 12,685 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Romero coined the term "splatter cinema" to describe his film "Dawn of the Dead".
Later splatter films, such as Sam Raimi's "Evil Dead" series, Peter Jackson's "Bad Taste" and "Braindead" (released as "Dead Alive" in North America) featured such excessive and unrealistic gore that they crossed the li... | 12,686 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Wire Dolls", Bruno Mattei's "Women's Prison Massacre", Pete Walker's "House of Whipcord", Tom DeSimone's "Reform School Girls", and Jonathan Demme's "Caged Heat".
## Minor subgenres.
- Actionploitation: Parody of 70s action films, usually a high-octane power fantasy, macho pride, low-brow humor, cri... | 12,687 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
as Megaforce, Full Contact, Deathstone, Crank and Rage to Kill. Recently Samurai Cop 2 and Kung Fury is restoring 80s actionsploitation to the small screen and big screen.
- Britsploitation: exploitation films set in Great Britain, sometimes in homage to the Hammer Horror range of films. Examples are... | 12,688 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
18 years or older, named after the age certificates they would receive in Hong Kong. These films are estimated to make up 25% of Hong Kong's film industry, and as in exploitation film itself, every genre of filmmaking is represented. Films made in the west, such as "Wild Things" and "Eyes Wide Shut", ... | 12,689 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Chopsocky: Martial arts movies made primarily in Hong Kong and Taiwan during the 1960s and 1970s, such as "Hand of Death", "Master of the Flying Guillotine", "Five Deadly Venoms" and "Legend of Shaolin Temple".
- Christploitation: Exploitation films with overtly Christian themes. Whereas films such a... | 12,690 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
have achieved wider viewership. Modern examples include the sequels to "God's Not Dead" and the Nichols Cage remake of "Left Behind".
- Gothsploitation: A small number of films generally from the year 2000 onwards featuring members of the Alternative or Goth subcultures of the UK, usually London, suc... | 12,691 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
and "Wild in the Streets".
- Martial arts films: action films or historical dramas that are characterized by extensive fighting scenes employing martial arts. The genre was originally associated with Asia but gained international popularity owing to Bruce Lee. Examples include "The Street Fighter" an... | 12,692 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
language game called "albures" (comparable to "playing the dozens" in English), and their sexual tone was considered "risque," though they weren't always particularly explicit.
- Mexploitation: films about Mexican culture and portrayals of Mexican life, often dealing with crime, drug trafficking, mon... | 12,693 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
by splicing stock ninja fight footage with footage from unrelated film projects.
- Nunsploitation: films featuring nuns in dangerous or erotic situations, such as "The Devils", "Killer Nun", "School of the Holy Beast", "The Sinful Nuns of Saint Valentine", and "Nude Nuns with Big Guns".
- Pinku eiga... | 12,694 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
developed mainly in tropical environments and the cabaret. His main stars were the actresses and dancers known as "Rumberas" (Afro-Caribbean rhythms dancers).
- Sharksploitation films: a subgenre about sharks. The most popular film in this genre is "Jaws", and the subsequent Jaws (franchise) but many... | 12,695 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
to the worldwide decline of sharks
- Stoner film or Stonersploitation: a subgenre that features the explicit use of marijuana, typically in a comical and positive light. Cheech & Chong collaborations are a good example; a more recent series in this genre is Harold & Kumar. Other movies in this genre ... | 12,696 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
The Swimmer.
- Teensploitation: the exploitation of teenagers by the producers of teen-oriented films, with plots involving drugs, sex, alcohol and crime. The word "teensploitation" first appeared in a show business publication in 1982 and was included in "Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary" for... | 12,697 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
Turksploitation: Turksploitation is a tongue-in-cheek label given to a great number of unauthorized Turkish film adaptations of best-selling Hollywood movies and television series, produced mainly in the 1970s and 1980s. Filmed on a shoestring budget with often comically simple special effects and no ... | 12,698 |
620905 | Exploitation film | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Exploitation%20film | Exploitation film
and music from many sci-fi films; or "Ayşecik ve Sihirli Cüceler Rüyalar Ülkesinde" ("Little Ayşe and the Magic Dwarves in the Land of Dreams", 1971), based on "The Wizard of Oz".
- Vigilante films: films in which a person breaks the law to exact justice. These films were rooted in 1970s unease over ... | 12,699 |
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