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621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
Cosmos] (1968) and "L'Ordre Vert" [The Green Order] (1969).
The theme was later developed as the Les Chevaliers de Lumière ("The Knights of Light") sub-series.
Guieu was granted his own imprint during 1979. At first, it reprinted rewritten, updated versions of his original novels, then it began publi... | 13,600 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
series "E.B.E." (for "Extraterrestrial Biological Entity") : "E.B.E. : Alerte rouge" (first part) (1990) and "E.B.E. : L'entité noire d'Andamooka" (second part) (1991).
# Works.
## Documentaries.
- "Les soucoupes volantes viennent d'un autre monde", Fleuve noir, 1954, 254 pages
- "Black-Out sur les... | 13,601 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
(unpublished, but has been divulgated on the Web), 1998
## Science fiction.
- "Le Pionnier de l'atome" (1952)
- "Au-delà de l'infini" (1952)
- "L'Invasion de la Terre" (1952)
- "Hantise sur le monde" (1953)
- "L'Univers vivant" (1953)
- "La dimension X" (1953)
- "Nous les martiens" (1954)
- "L... | 13,602 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
(1957)
- "Créatures des neiges" (1957)
- "Cité Noé 2" (1957)
- "Le rayon du cube" (1958)
- "Convulsions solaires" (1958)
- "Réseau dinosaure" (1958)
- "La force sans visage" (1958)
- "Expédition cosmique" (1959)
- "Les cristaux de Capella" (1959)
- "Piège dans l'espace" (1959)
- "Chasseurs d'... | 13,603 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
"Oniria" (1962)
- "Echec aux Végans" (1962)
- "Mission "T"" (1963)
- "Les forbans de l'espace" (1963)
- "Projet King" (1963)
- "Les destructeurs" (1963)
- "Les portes de Thulé" (1964)
- "Le retour des Dieux" (1967)
- "Les sept sceaux du cosmos" (1968)
- "Joklun-n'ghar la maudite" (1968)
- "La... | 13,604 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
"Les maîtres de la galaxie" (1972)
- "Les rescapés du néant" (1972)
- "La mission effacée" (1973)
- "Opération Neptune" (1973)
- "Les germes du chaos" (1973)
- "Les veilleurs de Poséïdon" (1974)
- "L'exilé de Xantar" (1974)
- "Le maître du temps" (1974)
- "Manipulations psi" (1974)
- "Les pièg... | 13,605 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
"La force noire" (1987)
- "Le pacte de Kannlor" (1987)
- "La terreur venue du néant" (1987)
- "Narkoum, finances rouges" (1987)
- "Plan d'extermination" (1988)
- "Réseau Alpha" (1988)
- "L'héritage de Noé" (1988)
- "Les sentiers invisibles" (1989)
- "L'empire des ténèbres" (1989)
- "Le piège d... | 13,606 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
Rh" (2010)
## Espionage/detective (co-writing with Georges Pierquin, and under the name Jimmy G. Quint).
- "Habanita n'y est pour rien" (1952)
- "Prisonnières des sadiques" (1954)
- "Destination cataclysme" (1960)
- "Vengez ma trahison" (1961)
- "Pouvoirs spéciaux" (1961)
- "Vipères sous roche" ... | 13,607 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
"Yolanda et les voluptés cosmiques" (1971)
- "Yolanda et la planète aux supplices" (1971)
- "Les esclaves de l'espace" (1972)
- "L'univers érotique" (1972)
- "Holocauste pour une momie" (1990)
- "Des nymphes pour le diable" (1991)
## Documentary films.
- "O.V.N.I. - E.B.E. - L'invasion a commenc... | 13,608 |
621279 | Henri René Guieu | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Henri%20René%20Guieu | Henri René Guieu
gouvernants secrets 2 - Nos maîtres : les extraterrestres" (1992)
- "Les gouvernants secrets 3 - Extraterrestres : les ambassadeurs" (1993)
- "Contacts espace-temps - Jean-Claude Pantel et ses étranges visiteurs" (1993)
- "OVNI - USA - Nouvelles révélations" (1993)
- "Les vortex - Les dimensions ca... | 13,609 |
621294 | RANDU | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RANDU | RANDU
RANDU
RANDU is a linear congruential pseudorandom number generator (LCG) of the Park–Miller type, which has been used since the 1960s. It is defined by the recurrence:
with the initial seed number, formula_2 as an odd number. It generates pseudorandom integers formula_3 which are uniformly distributed in the in... | 13,610 |
621294 | RANDU | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RANDU | RANDU
However, at least eight low-order bits are dropped when converted to single-precision (32 bit, 24 bit mantissa) floating-point.
The reason for choosing these particular values is that with a 32-bit-integer word size, the arithmetic of mod 2 and formula_6 formula_7 calculations could be done quickly, using specia... | 13,611 |
621294 | RANDU | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RANDU | RANDU
the values of multiplier 65539 and modulus 2 chosen for RANDU, consider the following calculation where every term should be taken mod 2. Start by writing the recursive relation as:
which becomes, after expanding the quadratic factor:
and allows us to show the correlation between three points as:
As a result o... | 13,612 |
621294 | RANDU | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RANDU | RANDU
the quadratic factor:
and allows us to show the correlation between three points as:
As a result of this correlation, each point lies in one of a set of parallel planes 2 apart, 15 of which intersect the 2 x 2 x 2 cube containing the points. As a result of the wide use of RANDU in the early 1970s, many results ... | 13,613 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
Hexaplex trunculus
Hexaplex trunculus (also known as Murex trunculus, Phyllonotus trunculus, or the banded dye-murex) is a medium-sized sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex shells or rock snails.
This species is a group of opportunist predatory snails that are kn... | 13,614 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
important because its hypobranchial gland secretes a mucus used to create a distinctive purple-blue indigo dye. Ancient Mediterranean cultures, including the Minoans, Canaanites/Phoenicians, Hebrews, and classical Greeks created dyes from the snails. One of the dye's main chemical ingredients is red ... | 13,615 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
murex occurs in shallow, sublittoral waters.
# Shell description.
"Hexaplex trunculus" has a broadly conical shell about 4 to 10 cm long. It has a rather high spire with seven angulated whorls, and the shell is formed similar to the shape of a fish. The shell is variable in sculpture and coloring w... | 13,616 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
The Phoenician port cities on the coast of current-day Lebanon, exported the dye across the Mediterranean.
The ancient method for mass-producing purple-blue dye from "Hexaplex trunculus" has not been successfully reproduced; the purplish hue quickly degrades, resulting in blue only. Nonetheless, arc... | 13,617 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
highest ranking aristocracy.
A similar dye, "Tyrian purple", which is purple-red in color, was made from a related species of marine snail, "Murex brandaris". This dye (alternatively known as "imperial purple", see purple) was also prohibitively expensive.
Jews may have used the pigment from the sh... | 13,618 |
621288 | Hexaplex trunculus | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hexaplex%20trunculus | Hexaplex trunculus
en dipping the wool in it. This dye was lost to history until it was rediscovered by Professor Otto Elsner of the Shenkar College of Fibers in Haifa. Since then, it has been re-introduced as the authentic "tekhelet" and has once again been reenstated to the Jewish garment although only with limited a... | 13,619 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
Crediton
Crediton is a town and civil parish in the Mid Devon district of Devon in England. It stands on the A377 Exeter to Barnstaple road at the junction with the A3072 road to Tiverton, about north west of Exeter. It has a population of 6,837, increasing to 7,835 at the 2011 Census. Crediton has two electo... | 13,620 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
Crediton is the claim that Winfrith or Saint Boniface was born here in c. 672.
He propagated Christianity in the Frankish Empire during the 8th century and is the patron saint of both Germany and the Netherlands. In 909 a see was established here with Edwulf as the first bishop. Nine more bishops ruled here u... | 13,621 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
but its prosperity increased, and in 1269 each of the twelve prebends of the collegiate church had a house and farmland within the parish. The bishops, to whom the manor belonged until the Reformation, had difficulty in enforcing their warren and other rights; in 1351 Bishop Grandisson obtained an exemplificat... | 13,622 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
A borough seal dated 1469 is extant, but the corporation is not mentioned in the grant made by Edward VI of the church to twelve principal inhabitants. The borough and manor were granted by Elizabeth I to William Killigrew in 1595, but there is no indication of town organization then or in 1630, and in the 18t... | 13,623 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
18th century.
During the English Civil War the Earl of Essex passed through the town on 20 July 1644 on his way towards Cornwall, and evidently left the town and surrounding countryside in some disarray. He was closely followed by Charles I who arrived in the town on 27 July to review the army gathered there ... | 13,624 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
29 March 1646 after success both at the Battle of Torrington and in overturning the siege of Plymouth.
On Sunday 14 August 1743, a great fire started, completely destroying High Street and buildings in the "West Town". At that period of time it was the second largest fire in the country, second only to the Gr... | 13,625 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
and the manufacture of confectionery and cider had superseded the former large woollen and serge industries.
The creamery and dairy in Crediton has always been located next to the church, but to enable its product to be distributed further, the company ran a transport depot that was located in the goods yard ... | 13,626 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
Meadow and Fordton, a dairy and a small collection of units at Westward Business Park. It is the centre for shopping and business for the surrounding area, and has industries such as graphics and pharmaceuticals.
Bristow's of Devon, founded in 1932 was one of the town's main employers but was closed in 2011 a... | 13,627 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
18 had been completed, resolved, or begun.
Pubs include the "Crediton Inn" on Mill Street, the "General Sir Redvers Buller" (a Wetherspoon's), the "Three Little Pigs", "The Ship", the "White Swan" on High Street, the "Plymouth Inn" on Dean Street and "The Mitre" on High Street.
# Sport and leisure.
Crediton... | 13,628 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
then opened by the North Devon Railway on 1 August 1854. After 1 November 1865 additional London and South Western Railway trains ran through the station going towards Okehampton. It is the currently junction of the Tarka and Dartmoor lines, though the two lines run parallel until Coleford Junction. Crediton i... | 13,629 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
for a through service to Plymouth.
On the night of 4 February 2014, amid high winds and extremely rough seas, part of the sea wall at Dawlish was breached washing away around of the wall and the ballast under the railway immediately behind. The line was closed. Network Rail began repair work and the line reop... | 13,630 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
by Edward VI and refounded by Elizabeth I, is today a state run, part boarding school, and an academy, named for Queen Elizabeth I which gets good GCSE and A level results. There are two primary schools: Hayward's Primary School and Landscore Primary School. Nearby in the village of the same name is Sandford S... | 13,631 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
whose family were lords of the manor of Crediton.
- The northwest side of the town had a great wall built in 1276 and it is still partly remaining today, although now it looks no different from a normal garden wall.
# Cultural references.
Bernard Cornwell mentions Crediton as "Cridianton" in his books "The ... | 13,632 |
621234 | Crediton | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Crediton | Crediton
anor of Crediton.
- The northwest side of the town had a great wall built in 1276 and it is still partly remaining today, although now it looks no different from a normal garden wall.
# Cultural references.
Bernard Cornwell mentions Crediton as "Cridianton" in his books "The Pale Horseman" and "The Last Kin... | 13,633 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Existence of God
The existence of God is a subject of debate in the philosophy of religion and popular culture.
A wide variety of arguments for and against the existence of God can be categorized as metaphysical, logical, empirical, or subjective. In philosophical terms, the question of the existence... | 13,634 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Other arguments for the existence of God have been proposed by St. Anselm, who formulated the first ontological argument; Ibn Rushd (Averroes) and Thomas Aquinas, who presented their own versions of the cosmological argument (the "kalam" argument and the first way, respectively); René Descartes, who sa... | 13,635 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
discussed by scientists such as Stephen Hawking, Francis Collins, Lawrence M. Krauss, Richard Dawkins, Carl Sagan, Neil deGrasse Tyson, John Lennox and Sam Harris, as well as philosophers including Richard Swinburne, Alvin Plantinga, William Lane Craig, Rebecca Goldstein, A. C. Grayling, Daniel Dennett... | 13,636 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Catholic Church maintains that knowledge of the existence of God is the "natural light of human reason". Fideists maintain that belief in God's existence may not be amenable to demonstration or refutation, but rests on faith alone.
Atheists view arguments for the existence of God as insufficient, mist... | 13,637 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
with the rise of monotheism, God—since the dawn of human history. Bronze Age texts such as the Vedas present various arguments against the deities, such as the problem of evil and the Ultimate Boeing 747 gambit, as well as arguments for the deities, such as argument from morality and Pascal's wager, wi... | 13,638 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
about God is trite and pointless.
# Positions.
Positions on the existence of God can be divided along numerous axes, producing a variety of orthogonal classifications. Theism and atheism are positions of belief (or lack of it), while gnosticism and agnosticism are positions of knowledge (or the lack ... | 13,639 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Very high probability but short of 100%. "I don't know for certain, but I strongly believe in God and live my life on the assumption that he is there."
- 3. Leaning towards theism. Higher than 50% but not very high. "I am very uncertain, but I am inclined to believe in God."
- 4. Completely impartial... | 13,640 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
7. Strong atheist. "I know there is no God, with the same conviction as Jung knows there is one."
## Theism.
The Catholic Church, following the teachings of Paul the Apostle, Thomas Aquinas, and the First Vatican Council, affirms that God's existence "can be known with certainty from the created worl... | 13,641 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
do not believe that God can be completely defined. They believe it would contradict the transcendent nature of God for mere humans to define him. Robert Barron explains by analogy that it seems impossible for a two-dimensional object to conceive of three-dimensional humans.
In modern Western societies... | 13,642 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
describe specific historical events caused by the God in question or communications from God (whether in direct speech or via dreams or omens). Some traditions also believe that God is the entity which is currently answering prayers for intervention or information or opinions.
Many Islamic scholars ha... | 13,643 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
argues that the Earth's weather patterns are conditioned to support human life; thus, if the planet is so finely-tuned to maintain life, then it suggests a fine tuner - God. The Sun and the Moon are not just random objects floating in the Milky Way, rather they serve us day and night, and the way natur... | 13,644 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
with defining God first, like many others do. Rather, he used the description of the earth and the universe to prove the existence of God. He talked about the Heavenly bodies and how they are committed to eternal motion. Maimonides argued that because every physical object is finite, it can only contai... | 13,645 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
this argument gives us a ground to believe that God is, not an idea of what God is. He believed that God cannot be understood or be compared.
### Non-personal definitions of God.
In pantheism, God and the universe are considered to be the same thing. In this view, the natural sciences are essentially... | 13,646 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
of the universe, including communicating with humans personally. The notion that God never intervenes or communicates with the universe, or may have evolved into the universe (as in pandeism), makes it difficult, if not by definition impossible, to distinguish between a universe with God and one withou... | 13,647 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
that cannot be proven or reached by reason alone and presuppose the truths of the preambles, e.g., the Holy Trinity, is not demonstrable and presupposes the existence of God.
The argument that the existence of God can be known to all, even prior to exposure to any divine revelation, predates Christian... | 13,648 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
apologetical school of thought, including Dutch and American Reformed thinkers (such as Abraham Kuyper, Benjamin Warfield, Herman Dooyeweerd), emerged in the late 1920s. This school was instituted by Cornelius Van Til, and came to be popularly called presuppositional apologetics (though Van Til himself... | 13,649 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
that the existence of God can be proven by appeal to raw, uninterpreted, or "brute" facts, which have the same (theoretical) meaning to people with fundamentally different worldviews, because they deny that such a condition is even possible. They claim that the only possible proof for the existence of ... | 13,650 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
this school utilizes what have come to be known as transcendental arguments. In these arguments they claim to demonstrate that all human experience and action (even the condition of unbelief, itself) is a proof for the existence of God, because God's existence is the necessary condition of their intell... | 13,651 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
not whether a "most perfect being" or an "uncaused first cause" exist. The real question is whether Jehovah, Zeus, Ra, Krishna, or any gods of any religion exist, and if so, which gods? On the other hand, many theists equate all monotheistic or henotheistic "most perfect Beings", no matter what name is... | 13,652 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
the Christian faith teaches "salvation is by faith", and that faith is reliance upon the faithfulness of God. The most extreme example of this position is called fideism, which holds that faith is simply the will to believe, and argues that if God's existence were rationally demonstrable, faith in its ... | 13,653 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
should not attempt to prove the existence of God. Since he believes all such proofs are fundamentally unsound, believers should not place their confidence in them, much less resort to them in discussions with non-believers; rather, they should accept the content of revelation by faith. Reymond's positi... | 13,654 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
confused with the Van Tillian variety.
## Atheism.
The atheistic conclusion is that the arguments and evidence both indicate there is insufficient reason to believe that any gods exist, and that personal subjective religious experiences say something about the human experience rather than the nature ... | 13,655 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
other than positive, wherein a person does not believe in the existence of any deities, but does not explicitly assert there to be none.
## Agnosticism.
Agnosticism is the view that the truth value of certain claims—especially claims about the existence of any deity, but also other religious and meta... | 13,656 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
is unknown but not necessarily unknowable.
### Agnostic theism.
Agnostic theism is the philosophical view that encompasses both theism and agnosticism. An agnostic theist believes in the existence of a god or God, but regards the basis of this proposition as "unknown or inherently unknowable". Agnost... | 13,657 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
or currently unknown in fact.
The theologian Robert Flint explains:
## Apatheism.
An apatheist is someone who is not interested in accepting or denying any claims that gods exist or do not exist. An apatheist lives as if there are no gods and explains natural phenomena without reference to any deiti... | 13,658 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Ignosticism or igtheism is the theological position that every other theological position (including agnosticism and atheism) assumes too much about the concept of God and many other theological concepts. It can be defined as encompassing two related views about the existence of God. The view that a co... | 13,659 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
meaningless. The second view is synonymous with theological noncognitivism, and skips the step of first asking "What is meant by 'God'?" before proclaiming the original question "Does God exist?" as meaningless.
Some philosophers have seen ignosticism as a variation of agnosticism or atheism, while ot... | 13,660 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Philosophical issues.
## The problem of the supernatural.
One problem posed by the question of the existence of God is that traditional beliefs usually ascribe to God various supernatural powers. Supernatural beings may be able to conceal and reveal themselves for their own purposes, as for example i... | 13,661 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
God's place as originator of nature (see also Monadology).
In Karl Popper's philosophy of science, belief in a supernatural God is outside the natural domain of scientific investigation because all scientific hypotheses must be falsifiable in the natural world. The non-overlapping magisteria view prop... | 13,662 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
are deemed to be without meaning, because such statements do not have any clear verification criteria. As the Christian biologist Scott C. Todd put it "Even if all the data pointed to an intelligent designer, such a hypothesis is excluded from science because it is not naturalistic." This argument limi... | 13,663 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
existence of God to the question of the existence of other minds, claiming both are notoriously impossible to "prove" against a determined skeptic.
One approach, suggested by writers such as Stephen D. Unwin, is to treat (particular versions of) theism and naturalism as though they were two hypotheses... | 13,664 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
arguments that they are irrefutable, merely that they make one worldview seem significantly more likely than the other. However, since an assessment of the weight of evidence depends on the prior probability that is assigned to each worldview, arguments that a theist finds convincing may seem thin to a... | 13,665 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
"A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowledge" of 1710, he argued that a "naked thought" cannot exist, and that a perception is a thought; therefore only minds can be proven to exist, since all else is merely an idea conveyed by a perception. From this Berkeley argued that the universe is ba... | 13,666 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
desires have a natural object. One thirsts, and there exists water to quench this thirst; One hungers, and there exists food to satisfy this hunger. He then argued that the human desire for perfect justice, perfect peace, perfect happiness, and other intangibles strongly implies the existence of such t... | 13,667 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
as possibly misleading due to preconceived or superimposed ideas. But though all object-cognition can be doubted, the existence of the doubter remains a fact even in "nastika" traditions of "mayavada" schools following Adi Shankara. The five eternal principles to be discussed under ontology, beginning ... | 13,668 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
of Krishna's form, i.e., "eternal existence" or "", related to the "brahman" aspect; "knowledge" or chit, to the "paramatman"; and "bliss" or "ananda" in Sanskrit, to "bhagavan".
# Arguments for the existence of God.
## Empirical arguments.
### Argument from beauty.
One form of the argument from be... | 13,669 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
by the physical mechanisms of the human body and brain, therefore, asserting that there must be non-physical aspects to human consciousness. This is held as indirect evidence of God, given that notions about souls and the afterlife in Christianity and Islam would be consistent with such a claim. Critic... | 13,670 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
and emotion as physical processes although the experience of consciousness still remains poorly understood. The hard problem of consciousness remains as to whether different people subjectively experience the world in the same way — for example, that the color blue looks the same inside the minds of di... | 13,671 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
for his work in the history of ideas that features the (rational) warrant: a statement that connects the premises to a conclusion.
Joseph Hinman applied Toulmin's approach in his argument for the existence of God, particularly in his book "The Trace of God: A Rational Warrant for Belief". Instead of a... | 13,672 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
major points to his argument. First, the people who have these experiences not only do not exhibit traditional signs of mental illness but, often, are in better mental and physical health than the general population due to the experience. Second, the experiences work. In other words, they provide a fra... | 13,673 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
the existence of God. If there is no need to prove, Hinman argues, and the Trace of God (for instance, the impact of mystical experiences on them), belief in God is rationally warranted.
### Inductive arguments.
Some have put forward arguments for the existence of God based on inductive reasoning. Fo... | 13,674 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
set forth in this work were adopted in France by Ferdinand Brunetière, the editor of the "Revue des deux Mondes". Many orthodox Protestants express themselves in the same manner, as, for instance, Dr. E. Dennert, President of the Kepler Society, in his work "Ist Gott tot?"
## Logical arguments.
### A... | 13,675 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
his Five Ways as a first stage, which he built upon later in his work. Aquinas' Five Ways argued from the unmoved mover, first cause, necessary being, argument from degree, and the .
- The unmoved mover argument asserts that, from our experience of motion in the universe (motion being the transition f... | 13,676 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
for there to be an infinite chain of causes, which would result in infinite regress. Therefore, there must be a first cause, itself uncaused.
- The argument from necessary being asserts that all beings are contingent, meaning that it is possible for them not to exist. Aquinas argued that if everything... | 13,677 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
causes all goodness.
- The argument from final cause asserts the view that non-intelligent objects are ordered towards a purpose. Aquinas argued that these objects cannot be ordered unless they are done so by an intelligent being, which means that there must be an intelligent being to move objects to ... | 13,678 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
1. Whatever begins to exist has a cause.
- 2. The Universe began to exist.
- 3. Therefore, the Universe had a cause.
### Ontological argument.
The ontological argument has been formulated by philosophers including St. Anselm and René Descartes. The argument proposes that God's existence is self-evi... | 13,679 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
is equivocation, based on the ambiguity of the word God. Kant also challenged the argument's assumption that existence is a predicate (of perfection) because it does not add anything to the essence of a being. If existence is not a predicate, then it is not necessarily true that the greatest possible b... | 13,680 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
the correct formulation of an understanding of God, is a real predicate, thus according to Plantinga Kant's argument is refuted.
## Subjective arguments.
### Arguments from historical events or personages.
- The sincere seeker's argument, espoused by Muslim Sufis of the Tasawwuf tradition, posits th... | 13,681 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Al-Ghazali in such notable works as "Deliverance from Error" and "The Alchemy of Happiness," in Arabic "Kimiya-yi sa'adat". The path includes following the golden rule of no harm to others and treating others with compassion, silence or minimal speech, seclusion, daily fasting or minimalist diet of wat... | 13,682 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
demonstrating his existence.
- Christological arguments assert that certain events of the Christian New Testament are historically accurate, and prove God's existence, namely:
- The Resurrection of Jesus (an argument from miracles)
- The claims of Jesus, as a morally upstanding person, to be the son... | 13,683 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
appearance of God, Jesus Christ, and angels to Joseph Smith and others and subsequent finding and translation of the Book of Mormon establishes the existence of God. The whole Latter Day Saint movement makes the same claim for example Community of Christ, Church of Christ (Temple Lot), Church of Jesus ... | 13,684 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
the existence of God.
- Various sects that have broken from the Church of Christ (Temple Lot) (such as Church of Christ "With the Elijah Message" and Church of Christ (Assured Way)) claim that the message brought by John the Baptist, One Mighty and Strong, to Otto Fetting and W. A. Draves in The Word ... | 13,685 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
witness argument gives credibility to personal witnesses, contemporary and throughout the ages. A variation of this is the argument from miracles (also referred to as "the priest stories") which relies on testimony of supernatural events to establish the existence of God.
- The majority argument argue... | 13,686 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
conviction in the existence of God and specifically in the monotheistic tenets and laws of Islam. This apparent natural law for guidance and belief could only be consistent if the formula and supplication were being answered by the same Divine entity being addressed, as claimed in Islamic revelations. ... | 13,687 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
supplication towards "the Creator of the Universe" for guidance.
- The Argument from a proper basis argues that belief in God is "properly basic"; that it is similar to statements like "I see a chair" or "I feel pain". Such beliefs are non-falsifiable and, thus, neither provable nor disprovable; they ... | 13,688 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
to a person's consciousness and unites them to one another. God's existence, then, cannot be proven (Jacobi, like Immanuel Kant, rejected the absolute value of the principle of causality), it must be felt by the mind.
- The same theory was advocated in Germany by Friedrich Schleiermacher, who assumed ... | 13,689 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
school of Vedanta argues that one of the proofs of the existence of God is the law of karma. In a commentary to Brahma Sutras (III, 2, 38, and 41), Adi Sankara argues that the original karmic actions themselves cannot bring about the proper results at some future time; neither can super sensuous, non-i... | 13,690 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
of providing humans with the cognitive apparatus necessary for their knowledge to have positive epistemic status.
- An argument from belief in God being properly basic as presented by Alvin Plantinga.
- Argument from Personal Identity.
- Argument from the "divine attributes of scientific law".
# Ar... | 13,691 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
to yield their conclusions.
### Arguments from inadequate revelations.
The argument from inconsistent revelations contests the existence of the deity called God as described in scriptures—such as the Hindu Vedas, the Jewish Tanakh, the Christian Bible, the Muslim Qur'an, the Book of Mormon or the Bah... | 13,692 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
may be dismissed unless otherwise proven to be required to explain the phenomenon.
The argument from "historical induction" concludes that since most theistic religions throughout history (e.g. ancient Egyptian religion, ancient Greek religion) and their gods ultimately come to be regarded as untrue o... | 13,693 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
other possible gods, you will understand why I dismiss yours.
The argument from nonbelief contests the existence of an omnipotent God who wants humans to believe in him by arguing that such a god would do a better job of gathering believers.
### Arguments from the poor design of the universe.
The pr... | 13,694 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
Carrier has argued that the universe itself seems to be very ill-designed for life, because the vast majority of the space in the universe is utterly hostile to it. This is arguably unexpected on the hypothesis that the universe was designed by a god, especially a personal god. Carrier contends that su... | 13,695 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
we would most "likely" expect to see if such a god existed. He finally argues that, unlike theism, our observations about the nature of the universe are strongly expected on the hypothesis of atheism, since the universe would have to be vast, very old, and almost completely devoid of life if life were ... | 13,696 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
of who created God. Both authors claim that it is possible to answer these questions purely within the realm of science, and without invoking any divine beings. Christian mathematicians and scientists, most notably Leonhard Euler, Bernard d'Espagnat and John Lennox, disagree with that kind of skeptical... | 13,697 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
(or life) is too complex "not" to have been designed by someone, who theists call God. Dawkin's counter-argument is that such a God would himself be complex — the "Ultimate" Boeing 747 — and therefore require a designer.
- Theological noncognitivism is the argument that religious language – specifical... | 13,698 |
621169 | Existence of God | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Existence%20of%20God | Existence of God
conceptions of God as being omniscient, omnipotent, and morally perfect.
- The omnipotence paradox suggests that the concept of an omnipotent entity is logically contradictory by considering questions such as "Can God create a rock so big that He cannot move it?" or "If God is all powerful, could God ... | 13,699 |
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