wikipedia_id stringlengths 2 8 | wikipedia_title stringlengths 1 243 | url stringlengths 44 370 | contents stringlengths 53 2.22k | id int64 0 6.14M |
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1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
Schrödinger's book "What Is Life?", in which the physicist pondered the physical nature of the gene and a “code” of life. This catalyzed Benzer's shift in interest to biology, and he moved into the area of bacteriophage genetics., spending two years as a postdoctoral fellow in Max Delbrück's laboratory a... | 14,500 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
to Benzer that this strain might have come from a cross between two different "rII" mutants (each having part of the "rII" gene intact) wherein a recombination event resulted in a normal "rII" sequence. Benzer realized that by generating many "r" mutants and recording the recombination frequency between ... | 14,501 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
believed, and that genes were linear. Benzer also proved that mutations were distributed in many different parts of a single gene, and the resolving power of his system allowed him to discern mutants that differ at the level of a single nucleotide. Based on his "rII" data, Benzer also proposed distinct c... | 14,502 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
phage that would later be used by Francis Crick and Sidney Brenner to establish the triplet code of DNA. In addition, Benzer's mapping technique was taken up by Richard Feynman.
In 1967, Benzer left the field of phage genetics and returned to the California Institute of Technology to work in behavioral ... | 14,503 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
level of single genes, Benzer advocated that animal behaviors were not too complex to be directed by a single gene. This translated to methodological differences in the two researchers' experiments with Drosophila that profoundly influenced the field of behavioral genetics. Hirsch artificially selected f... | 14,504 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
Research accomplishments.
Benzer used forward genetics to investigate the genetic basis of various behaviors such as phototaxis, circadian rhythms, and learning by inducing mutations in a Drosophila population and then screening individuals for altered phenotypes of interest. To better identify mutants,... | 14,505 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
function ("savoir-faire", "fruitless"), nerve and muscle function ("photoreceptor degeneration", "drop-dead"), and learning and memory ("rutabaga", "dunce").
Benzer and student Ron Konopka discovered the first circadian rhythm mutants. Three distinct mutant types—arrhythmic, shortened period, and length... | 14,506 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
to the X chromosome, zero centimorgans away from each other, indicating that the mutant phenotypes corresponded to alleles of the same gene, which Konopka named "period". This was the first of several seminal studies of single genes affecting behavior, studies that have been replicated in other animal mo... | 14,507 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
along with Drs. Michael W. Young and Jeffrey C. Hall, were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in recognition of their cloning of circadian rhythm genes, and the elucidation of the biochemical mechanisms by which the circadian rhythm protein products regulated behavior.
Benzer was at the f... | 14,508 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
Seroude published findings of a long-life mutant in "Drosophila", then named Methuselah. The mutant gene coded for a previously unknown member of the GPCR family. By testing against temperature stress, it is thought that these mutants have an increased ability to respond to stress and thus to live longer... | 14,509 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
breast cancer, and Seymour's friend, colleague, and mentor Max Delbrück was diagnosed with cancer. Consequently, Seymour Benzer took interest in cancer biology and attended several conferences on breast cancer.
Benzer later remarried with Carol Miller, a neuropathologist. Together, in the early 1980s, t... | 14,510 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
(1978)
- National Medal of Science (1982)
- Rosenstiel Award (1985)
- Thomas Hunt Morgan Medal (1986)
- Ralph W. Gerard Prize in Neuroscience (1989)
- Wolf Prize in Medicine (1991)
- Crafoord Prize (1993)
- Feltrinelli Prize (1994)
- International Prize for Biology (2000)
- NAS Award in the Neur... | 14,511 |
1214780 | Seymour Benzer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seymour%20Benzer | Seymour Benzer
of Sciences, the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, the American Philosophical Society and the Royal Society.
# Books.
Benzer is the subject of the 1999 book "Time, Love, Memory: A Great Biologist and His Quest for the Origins of Behavior" by Pulitzer laureate Jonathan Weiner, and "Reconceiving the Gen... | 14,512 |
1214822 | People's Action (Romania) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=People's%20Action%20(Romania) | People's Action (Romania)
People's Action (Romania)
The People's Action () was a minor Romanian right-wing political party, founded and led by former President Emil Constantinescu. It had no seats in the Parliament of Romania nor in the European Parliament. In April 2008, it merged into the National Liberal Party. | 14,513 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
Francis Kilvert
Robert Francis Kilvert (3 December 184023 September 1879), always known as Francis, or Frank, was an English clergyman whose diaries reflected rural life in the 1870s, and were published over fifty years after his death.
# Life.
Kilvert was born on 3 December 1840 at The Rectory, Hard... | 14,514 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
and Hay on Wye.
Initially, from 1863 to 1864, he was curate to his father at Langley Burrell, and in 1865 he became curate of Clyro, Radnorshire. Kilvert started his diary on 1 January 1870 whilst incumbent at Clyro and, from his writings, seemed to have basked in his life within the Welsh countryside,... | 14,515 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
After receiving this rejection he wrote in his diary that "The sun seemed to have gone out of the sky". It was shortly after this, in 1872, that Kilvert resigned his position as curate of Clyro, and left the village forever returning to his father's parish of Langley Burrell. From 1876 to 1877 he was vi... | 14,516 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
diaries describing rural life. After his death, his diaries were edited and censored, possibly by his widow. Later they were passed on to William Plomer who transcribed the remaining diaries and edited and published a three-volume selection "Selections from the Diary of the Rev. Francis Kilvert" (Jonath... | 14,517 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
public when, in a period of bombing and rationing they provided an escapism back to the simpler and happier times of the mid Victorian era, still just within living memory.
A different selection from Plomer's original version was published as "Journal of a Country Curate: Selections from the Diary of F... | 14,518 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
it was found that the majority of the surviving diaries had been destroyed by their then owner; an elderly niece of Kilvert's, who claimed to have done so to protect "private family matters." This had occurred during a clear out of various personal papers, prior to moving into a residential care home. W... | 14,519 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
up until her death in 1964.
Francis Kilvert was also known to have privately published pleasant but conventional poetry.
The "Cornish Diary: Journal No.4, 1870—From 19 July to 6 August, Cornwall" was published by Alison Hodge in 1989. The National Library of Wales, which holds two of the three survivi... | 14,520 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
the morning before breakfast from a machine. Many people were openly stripping on the sands a little further on and running down into the sea and I would have done the same but I had brought down no towels of my own". However, next day Kilvert joins in the fun: "I was out early before breakfast this mor... | 14,521 |
1214815 | Francis Kilvert | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Francis%20Kilvert | Francis Kilvert
ere the waves were curling white with foam and the red morning sunshine glowing upon the naked limbs of the bathers".
# Relationships with girls.
Several modern writers have commented on passages in the diaries describing interactions with young girls which these days might raise suspicions of paedoph... | 14,522 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
DreamHack
DreamHack is a Swedish production company specializing in eSports tournaments and other gaming conventions. It is recognized by the Guinness Book of Records and Twin Galaxies as being the world's largest LAN party and computer festival with the world's fastest Internet connection, and the most gene... | 14,523 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
area network gathering with live concerts and competitions in digital art and eSports. The first DreamHack event was held in Malung, Sweden. DreamHack held several gaming events throughout Europe: in Stockholm and Jönköping, Sweden, Tours, France, Bucharest and Cluj, Romania, Valencia and Seville, Spain, Lond... | 14,524 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
activity around the clock, every day.
As of winter 2011, the event covers the entire Elmia Exhibition and Convention Centre as well as the neighbouring ice hockey arena and racket sports centre. The total number of participants were 27,000, of which ≈800 were crew.
Attendees' ages range from elementary scho... | 14,525 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
of about 800 volunteers, set up in "Crew Teams". They work in shifts to provide service for the visitors around the clock, like the support crew that have a helpdesk where the participants can address their technical problems. The organization also relies on local police and security officers who patrol the a... | 14,526 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
became the largest LAN party of Sweden and the third largest party in Scandinavia at the time. Furthermore, DreamHack 2001 and the upcoming events were held at the Elmia exhibition centre in Jönköping, where it has been since.
Starting the year 2002, DreamHack became a semiannual event with DreamHack Summer,... | 14,527 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
the local community.
In 2011, DreamHack AB went through a corporate reform, renewing the company administration. DreamHack Winter 2011 was host to the League of Legends Season 1 World Championship. The next year's League of Legends World Championship was held independently.
It was announced on November 15, ... | 14,528 |
1214817 | DreamHack | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=DreamHack | DreamHack
f the North American and European eSports scene. This partnerships includes universal rankings, unified competition structures and more.
In 2013, the now fully featured corporation DreamHack AB also began arranging a third event during the late summer, in Stockholm. It was hosted at Globe Arenas in 2014.
In... | 14,529 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
Flight Unlimited
Flight Unlimited is a 1995 aerobatic flight simulator video game developed and published by Looking Glass Technologies. It allows players to pilot reproductions of real-world aircraft and to perform aerobatic maneuvers. They may fly freely, race through floating rings against a timer ... | 14,530 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
such as "Microsoft Flight Simulator". Project leader Seamus Blackley, a particle physicist and amateur pilot, conceived the game in 1992. He felt that other flight simulators failed to convey the experience of real flight, and he reacted by coding a simulated atmosphere for "Flight Unlimited" based on ... | 14,531 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
The game was followed by two sequels: "Flight Unlimited II" (1997) and "Flight Unlimited III" (1999). A combat-oriented successor, "Flight Combat", was released in 2002 as "Jane's Attack Squadron" after a series of setbacks. Soon after "Flight Unlimited"s completion, Blackley was fired from Looking Gla... | 14,532 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
at the fixed-base operator (FBO) interface—a traversable 3D room whose contents represent menu options. For example, the player interacts with a row of scale airplane models to select an aircraft, and with a world globe to change airfield locations. Six settings are available, including Sedona, Arizona... | 14,533 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
the first-person Three-Way View displays more information about the plane's position and speed than other angles. Certain camera angles, including the Three-Way View and 3-D Cockpit view, provide the player with simulated flight instruments such as an altimeter, airspeed indicator, accelerometer, vario... | 14,534 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
and advanced flight techniques, ranging from rudder turns to challenging aerobatic maneuvers. A simulated flight instructor offers real-time advice based on the player's performance. Certificates are earned by performing well during lessons. In Hoops courses, the player undertakes a time trial through ... | 14,535 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
attempts to use the direction of the wind, thermals—which realistically occur above areas that absorb more heat, such as plains and parking lots—and the orographic lift caused by slopes to stay airborne for as long as possible.
# Development.
## Origin.
The concept of "Flight Unlimited" originated f... | 14,536 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
that Lerner had placed on a bulletin board. At the company, Blackley programmed the physics modeling system for a racing game and designed a large number of standalone physics demonstrations. He became fascinated by physics programming. An amateur pilot and flight devotee, Blackley asked Lerner extensi... | 14,537 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
with "Ultima Underworld II" programmer Greg Travis, he created a thirty page concept document that outlined the game. His core idea was to recreate the "yummy, visceral, fluid feeling that you get when flying a real airplane". He wanted the project to bear more resemblance to a playground than to a vid... | 14,538 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
of the project produced disparate prototypes that demonstrated prospective features. The company committed to full development of the game in early 1993, and production commenced in March.
## Production.
Blackley's first objective was to code the game's simulated physics. He began by deciding on a pr... | 14,539 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
rather than by their enjoyability. Blackley researched physics programming in contemporary flight simulators, and he discovered that many used large databases of wind tunnel and plane sensory equipment information to dictate how aircraft would operate in prerecorded scenarios. Higher-end simulators use... | 14,540 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
acts as a fluid that automatically reacts to the shape of any object placed within it. Blackley gave the example that a lawn chair, if placed within the game's real-time CFDs model, would fall merely because of its shape. The game's planes fly because the interaction of their architecture with the atmo... | 14,541 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
possibly the first flight code designed for aerobatics. In constructing the CFDs model, Blackley and the team built from the Navier–Stokes equations of fluid motion, which Blackley described as "horrible, complicated partial differential equations". According to "Computer Gaming World", Blackley did no... | 14,542 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
constructed test models for a plane wing and fuselage. He eventually built a complete but dysfunctional plane by using data from "pinhead books". By reading aircraft design manuals, he discovered that the problems were caused by his plane's incorrect tail and center of gravity. Following this, he creat... | 14,543 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
which were built in 3D Studio. As reference material, the team photographed real planes at several airfields, and they received blueprints and datasheets from aircraft manufacturers. The game's Grob G103a Twin II sailplane was based directly on the one that Blackley owned at the time. The sophisticatio... | 14,544 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
flight realism; this necessitated a balance between performance and accuracy. To obtain audio for the planes, Greg LoPiccolo and Tom Streit—former bassist and road manager, respectively, of the band Tribe—visited a Florida importer of Russian aerobatic aircraft. The two placed microphones inside the co... | 14,545 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
by Tom Streit. It monitors the player's controller input during "each frame of animation". If a maneuver is attempted, the instructor "interpolates the initial control movements" and predicts which maneuver is being performed. The instructor then gives advice on how to complete the maneuver and offers ... | 14,546 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
was not implemented into the final game. The staff members also sought to include aerobatic competitions in which the player could participate, but the idea was dropped because of difficulties with realism. Problems with artificially intelligent judges were also a factor in the feature's removal.
"Fli... | 14,547 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
tucked away in a dark corner". From the contrasting images, the computer generated a terrain "data blanket" with 3D height variations. While the team had considered using satellite or surveillance aircraft images to create the game's terrain graphics, they found that the resolution was inadequate. Mate... | 14,548 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
Because of the game's flight code, Goulian was able to execute aerobatic maneuvers within less than three minutes of playing the game; and he later performed his "entire basic aerobatic routine". Blackley told "PC Gamer US" that, while Goulian disliked flight simulators, "When he flew "Flight Unlimited... | 14,549 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
need to rework the game's physics code. However, Goulian phoned a colleague—a Russian pilot—who told them to compensate for the plane's abnormally large ailerons. Using his advice on flying the real-world plane, the team found that the maneuver worked correctly. Goulian endorsed "Flight Unlimited" and ... | 14,550 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
performance by disabling certain parts of the code—such as the physics calculations—to isolate which parts used the most memory. By 1994, Blackley's physics code took up only 1% of CPU time, with the rest allocated to the terrain renderer. Blackley optimized his code by converting the mathematical calc... | 14,551 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
and programmer Greg Travis noted that debugging the terrain cache system was a "nightmare".
While leading the team, Blackley adopted a loose style of supervision. According to "Opening the Xbox" author Dean Takahashi, "Blackley [was not] ultra-organized. His idea of good management was to invite someo... | 14,552 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
the game's elements separately. For example, Blackley programmed the game's physics, while Eric Twietmeyer and Tim Day created the terrain renderer. However, Doug Church later said that, while "the team [did] a bunch of very cool stuff, the FBO, the flight model, the instructor, the renderer, so on", t... | 14,553 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
coalesced by the end.
## Publication.
"Flight Unlimited" was self-published by Looking Glass Technologies. Their previous games had been developed for other video game publishers, and had generated $90 million total earnings for those companies. However, Ronald Rosenberg of "The Boston Globe" reporte... | 14,554 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
including Matrix Partners and Institutional Venture Partners, had provided the company with $3.8 million. The sum was intended to fund the development and self-publication of "Flight Unlimited". According to Michael Humphreys of Matrix Partners and Ruthann Quindlen of Institutional Venture Partners, th... | 14,555 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
revenues to $10 million that year, up from $1.5 million in 1994. Jeffrey A. Kalowski, the company's vice president of finance and administration, expected that the game would recoup its development costs and make a return before the end of the year. He predicted that, over the following 12 to 18 months... | 14,556 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
from the company's management.
"Flight Unlimited" was placed in direct competition with several major flight simulator franchises. Before the game's release, Shelby Bateman of "Next Generation Magazine" wrote, "1995 is going to be a real dogfight in the flight-sim and aerial-combat categories, and Loo... | 14,557 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
Unlimited"." Doug Church explained that, because the game did not feature combat and bore little resemblance to "Microsoft Flight Simulator", the team spent "many late nights" on marketing strategies. However, he noted that the game had a wide appeal among those who tested it during development, which ... | 14,558 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
March 1995, the "Boston Globe" reported that the team was performing "11th hour checks" of the game to prepare it for shipment to a Midwestern United States Compact Disc manufacturer. According to the newspaper, Looking Glass planned to begin by shipping 100,000 units to retailers in Canada and the Uni... | 14,559 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
international partners". Versions for Macintosh and Windows 95 were later released; the former was shown at the Macworld Expo in April 1996.
# Reception.
"Flight Unlimited" was a commercial success. It debuted in twelfth place on a June 1995 sales chart compiled by NPD Group, while "Microsoft Flight ... | 14,560 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
in a computerized cockpit". Frank Vizard of "Popular Mechanics" hailed it as "the new top gun of flight simulators", and Doug Bailey of "The Boston Globe" considered it to be the "first real serious challenge to Microsoft's dominance of the genre". "The Record"s David Noack believed that the game's phy... | 14,561 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
all others will be judged." It was named the best simulation of 1995 by "Computer Games Strategy Plus" (tied with "Apache"), and the best of 1996 by "Macworld", whose editor Steven Levy wrote that it "puts you in touch with what makes flying special." Inside Mac Games and "PC Gamer" both nominated "Fli... | 14,562 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
staff commented that it makes "planes behave more like real aircraft than any simulator we have seen". Bob and John Nolan called the game's physics programming "groundbreaking", and Chris Ware of the "Lexington Herald-Leader" found the game to be the most accurate simulation of flight beyond "those mul... | 14,563 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
simulation", and listed the game's sophisticated physics model as #5 on its list of "the 15 best ways to die in computer gaming".
Ware found "Flight Unlimited" approachable and noted its "simplicity of use and depth of instruction". Buchanan hailed the lesson mode as "a dream come true for any budding... | 14,564 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
the thrills of stunt flying." He found its control scheme simple to understand. By contrast, Bailey found the game difficult and initially "frustrating": he complained that he had to play the lesson mode before even taking off. Denny Atkin of "Computer Gaming World" characterized the game's learning cu... | 14,565 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
Gaudiosi, dedicated players will learn "all about aerodynamics and stunt flying"; he considered the latter to be "hard stuff, even with green hoops guiding you". Similarly, Buchanan characterized the Hoops courses as "incredibly demanding", and Atkin cited that mode's Trick difficulty level as "amazing... | 14,566 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
will "be too busy choreographing aerial ballets, pulling off death-defying aerobatic stunts, or just enjoying a quiet soar down the ridge line to miss that stuff". Likewise, Ware called the non-violent gameplay "refreshing", and Buchanan wrote, "If [you are] a battle-weary veteran of air combat sims, "... | 14,567 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
show off piece for your new Pentium", thanks to "unbelievable" graphics superior to those of any other computer game. Gaudiosi concurred: he characterized the visuals as "photo-sharp" and "better than any I have seen". "PC Magazine"s staff found the graphics "impressive" and "even more stunning than th... | 14,568 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
convincing" sound effects. Atkin praised the instructor as "one of the best uses of voice ever in a multimedia title".
Bailey wrote that the game needs "a real beefy machine" to run properly; Atkin stated that the "massive horsepower requirement will restrict many gamers to lower resolutions and detai... | 14,569 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
computer hardware on the market to be enjoyed, "Flight Unlimited" rewards gamers with some of the most stunning scenery ever seen in a flight sim."
# Aftermath.
"Flight Unlimited" was the first of three self-published titles released by Looking Glass Technologies. However, the next two products, "" (... | 14,570 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
company had been "overreaching itself" with the venture, and that it was "being a little overambitious and a little cocky".
## Sequels.
"Flight Unlimited" was intended to be followed by a combat-oriented sequel, which was developed under the working title "Flight Combat". In 1995, Seamus Blackley tol... | 14,571 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
style, instead demanded that Blackley create a direct sequel to "Flight Unlimited". The two argued regularly, and Blackley later accused the manager of "ripp[ing] the guts out of Looking Glass". In response to Blackley's refusal to create "Flight Unlimited II", the manager fired him. Blackley left the ... | 14,572 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
to Hantzopoulos, it was "all black box spaghetti code from Seamus". The aerobatics focus of its predecessor was dropped in favor of general civilian aviation. The development of "Flight Combat" was hinted at during the production of "Flight Unlimited II". A third game, "Flight Unlimited III", was publi... | 14,573 |
1214676 | Flight Unlimited | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flight%20Unlimited | Flight Unlimited
development of "Flight Combat" was hinted at during the production of "Flight Unlimited II". A third game, "Flight Unlimited III", was published by Electronic Arts in 1999; and it continued the focus on general aviation. That year, "Flight Combat" was officially announced as the World War II-themed, El... | 14,574 |
1214825 | Chaand Raat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaand%20Raat | Chaand Raat
Chaand Raat
Chaand Raat (Bengali: চাঁদ রাত, , Hindi: चाँद रात; literally "Night of the moon") is a Bengali, Urdu and Hindi locution used in Bangladesh, Pakistan and India for the eve of the Muslim festival of Eid ul-Fitr; it can also mean a night with a new moon for the new Islamic month shawwal. Chaand Ra... | 14,575 |
1214825 | Chaand Raat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaand%20Raat | Chaand Raat
their hands with mehndi (henna), and people prepare desserts for the next day of Eid and do last rounds of shopping. City streets have a festive look, and brightly decorated malls and markets remain open late into the night. "Chaand Raat" is celebrated festively and passionately by Muslims (and occasionally... | 14,576 |
1214825 | Chaand Raat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaand%20Raat | Chaand Raat
of the lunar crescent and thus the month of Ramadan can be of either 29 or 30 days. The new moon is announced by the Ruet-e-Hilal Committee and Chaand Raat occurs on the same evening (on which first lunar crescent of the month of Shawwal is observed). As the exact day of Eid ul-Fitr is dependent on the moon... | 14,577 |
1214825 | Chaand Raat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaand%20Raat | Chaand Raat
head out towards the local bazaars, markets and shopping malls. Women usually purchase items such as Shalwar Kameez, bangles, jewellery and bags while men mostly concentrate on shoes. Gifts and sweets are brought for friends while toys are brought for children. Barbar shops and beauty parlors are also heavi... | 14,578 |
1214825 | Chaand Raat | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaand%20Raat | Chaand Raat
ems such as Shalwar Kameez, bangles, jewellery and bags while men mostly concentrate on shoes. Gifts and sweets are brought for friends while toys are brought for children. Barbar shops and beauty parlors are also heavily visited in the evening in preparation for the following day. Women and girls decorate ... | 14,579 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Whitehaven R.L.F.C. is a professional rugby league club playing in Whitehaven in west Cumbria. They play in Kingstone Press League 1. Their stadium is called the Recreation Ground (known locally as the Recre).
Their nicknames are 'Haven' or the 'Marras' (a local dialect word fo... | 14,580 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
20th century.
"Whitehaven RLFC" was formed at a meeting held in the Miners' Welfare Club at Kells from the Whitehaven Miners' Welfare team in 1948 and shortly afterwards were admitted into the Northern Rugby Football Union by just three votes. Whitehaven took over the Miners' Welfare lease at the R... | 14,581 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
picked itself up. Billy Little came to the Recreation Ground in 1950 as coach at a time when the fledgling Haven club were struggling to compete in the professional league. His tenure as coach signalled an era of progress and improvement. In 1951, the first of a long line of players from Australasia... | 14,582 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
crowd at the Odsal Stadium, featuring players such as the legendary Dick Huddart and full back John McKeown. The end of that season saw Emery return home to be replaced by Edward Gibson, who rebuilt the team, and in 1959/60 the club finished 6th in the league their highest ever position.
## 1960s a... | 14,583 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
spell. Under the coaching of Sol Roper they topped the league table for part of the 1969/70 season. Once again the club defeated the game's top clubs like St. Helens, Wigan and Bradford Northern at the Recreation Ground.
Jeff Bawden in 1971/72, his first season as head coach, was able to take White... | 14,584 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
came in the 1980s, and during this period the club produced a batch of internationals in scrum half Arnold 'Boxer' Walker, forward Vince Fox and centre Vince Gribbin. Kitchen was sacked in 1981 and Arnold Walker became player-coach before also being sacked as coach.
By the end of the 1980s the club... | 14,585 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
be based at Workington, that would take part in the new summer competition. This was successfully resisted.
Whitehaven Warriors ended 1996 one place above the relegation positions. The appointment of Kiwi coaches Kurt Sorensen and Stan Martin brought about a revival at the club with Haven finishing... | 14,586 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
of survival. However, the board of directors rejected a merger proposal with Workington Town and then resigned en masse.
Paul Cullen arrived as coach in September 2000 taking over from Kevin Tamati. This heralded upward progression for Whitehaven. The club made steady progress and earned a place in... | 14,587 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Leigh Centurions. They also narrowly lost out on promotion to Super League after losing 32–16 in extra time to Leigh in the NL1 grand final. The following year despite Castleford being red hot favourites for promotion Whitehaven managed to win their first piece of silverware when he took the Nationa... | 14,588 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
were knocked out of the Northern Rail Cup at the quarter-final stage by Hull Kingston Rovers who would eventually be promoted to the Engage Super League that season.
In late 2006 they became the first ever winners of the pre-season "Ike Southward Trophy", beating neighbours Workington Town 18–6 at ... | 14,589 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
the play-offs during his first season in charge. However a disastrous 13-game losing streak saw the club relegated to Championship 1 at the end of the 2010 season. Following relegation Haven went into administration and re-formed under the name 'Whitehaven 2010' as a consequence Haven were deducted ... | 14,590 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Haven appointed Don Gailer from the North Devils in Australia as new head coach, with the remit being promotion to the Championship. Haven finished 4th, thus securing the final promotion berth after Doncaster, Barrow and local rivals Workington Town. Gailer was sacked just two weeks after securing p... | 14,591 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Ade Gardner, Paul Clough, Tommy Makinson, Carl Forster, Jordan Hand, Joe Greenwood, Anthony Walker and Adam Swift would turn out for the club with Swift in particular impressing from fullback. Haven started well, winning the opening two games before losing at home to Leigh Centurions in front of the... | 14,592 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
for personal reasons a week before the first game of the season and player Brett Seymour took temporary charge. James Coyle was then appointed as player-coach on a caretaker basis with Brett Seymour.
# Past coaches.
- Billy Little 1950
- Neville Emery 1951-56
- Edward Gibson 1956–?
- Sol Roper
... | 14,593 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
Paul Crarey ?-2008
- Gerard Stokes 2008–10
- David Seeds 2011
- Don Gailer 2012
- Dave Woods 2013–2015
- Steve Deakin 2015
- James Coyles 2015-2016
# 2019 transfers.
Losses
# Club records.
## Team.
- Highest score: 86–6 vs Highfield 1995
- Heaviest defeat: 106–8 vs Wigan 12 May 2008
- R... | 14,594 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
a match: 13 Lee Anderson (v Highfield 25 January 1995)
- Points in a career: 2,133 John McKeown (1948–61)
- Points in a season: 400 Mick Nanyn (2004)
- Points in a match: 32 Mick Nanyn (vs Batley 22 August 2004) & Greg McNally (vs Featherstone Rovers 22 March 2009)
- Appearances in a career: 417... | 14,595 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
won caps for "Great Britain" while at Whitehaven in 1964 against France, in 1965 against France, New Zealand (3 matches), while at Hull Kingston Rovers in 1966 against France, France (sub), in 1967 against Australia (3 matches). Bill Holliday captained Great Britain in 1967 against Australia (3 matc... | 14,596 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
(2 matches), Australia (3 matches), New Zealand (2 matches), in 1963 against Australia
- Lee Kiddie won a cap for "Scotland" while at Whitehaven in 2003
- Phil Kitchin won a cap for "Great Britain" while at Whitehaven in 1965 against New Zealand
- John J. McKeown won a cap for "Great Britain" whi... | 14,597 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
'Boxer' Walker won a cap for "England" while at Whitehaven in 1981 against France, and won a cap for "Great Britain" while at Whitehaven in 1980 against New Zealand
# Other notable players.
- 1940s
- Jeff Bawden
- 1950s
- Billy Banks (No. 7)
- John 'Trackie' McVay circa-1956
- xLes Moore (No.... | 14,598 |
1214782 | Whitehaven R.L.F.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Whitehaven%20R.L.F.C. | Whitehaven R.L.F.C.
match 2003)
- 2000s
- Garry Purdham (1999–2004)
- Brett McDermott
# Haven immortals ("Hall of Fame").
1. John McKeown circa-1950s
2. Bill Smith (No. 2) circa-1950s
3. Vince Gribbin
4. Eppie Gibson
5. Syd Lowdon (No. 5) circa-1950s
6. Phil Kitchin circa-1956-65
7. Arnold 'Boxer' Walker
8.... | 14,599 |
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