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1402040 | Rate Your Music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rate%20Your%20Music | Rate Your Music
and RateYourMusic to find "a lot of cool, old, hidden treasures that way." In response to Swedish symphonic metal band Therion's album "Beloved Antichrist", "Stereogum"s Ian Chainey figured "extremely fickle user bases of Rate Your Music, Encyclopaedia Metallum, and Prog Archives all rate Therion’s albums highly."
Appraising Kairon; IRSE!'s album "Ruination", "Stereogum"s Doug Moore saw that the band "built a big following on Rate Your Music by combining the slightly heftier variants of prog and pysch (sic) with shoegaze." While detailing the history of the band Lightnin 3, "Stereogum"s Nick Patrin found "Rate Your Music, exhaustive as its user-built catalog is, comes up empty for the band | 17,400 |
1402040 | Rate Your Music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rate%20Your%20Music | Rate Your Music
and the label alike." Likewise, Patrin found Australian electroclash artist Dsico's entries on RYM and Allmusic are "incomplete ghost pages." In a piece concerning Mark E. Smith, Patrin declared "This Nation's Saving Grace" "the album that Rate Your Music still ranks as their best by a sliver as of less than 24 hours after Smith’s death." Commenting on the release of Retribution Body's album "Self Destruction", "Tiny Mix Tapes"s Lijah Fosl pointed out "a reminder that “dark ambient” is more than just a random rateyourmusic.com categorization. "Wired"s Andy Baio deemed it "quirky."
# See also.
- List of online music databases
# External links.
- ""Geek Attitude: RateYourMusic.com""; Daily-Rock | 17,401 |
1402040 | Rate Your Music | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rate%20Your%20Music | Rate Your Music
atrin found Australian electroclash artist Dsico's entries on RYM and Allmusic are "incomplete ghost pages." In a piece concerning Mark E. Smith, Patrin declared "This Nation's Saving Grace" "the album that Rate Your Music still ranks as their best by a sliver as of less than 24 hours after Smith’s death." Commenting on the release of Retribution Body's album "Self Destruction", "Tiny Mix Tapes"s Lijah Fosl pointed out "a reminder that “dark ambient” is more than just a random rateyourmusic.com categorization. "Wired"s Andy Baio deemed it "quirky."
# See also.
- List of online music databases
# External links.
- ""Geek Attitude: RateYourMusic.com""; Daily-Rock N°June 31, 2009 (in French) | 17,402 |
1402196 | Socialist Solidarity Committee for Czechoslovakia | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Socialist%20Solidarity%20Committee%20for%20Czechoslovakia | Socialist Solidarity Committee for Czechoslovakia
Socialist Solidarity Committee for Czechoslovakia
Socialist Solidarity Committee for Czechoslovakia (Socialistiska Solidaritetskommittén för Tjeckoslovakien), a group formed in Sweden in 1968 by socialists and communists protesting against the intervention of the Warsaw Pact countries against the 'Prague Spring'. The committee supported the January 1968 reform line of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia.
Chairman of the committee was Hjalmar Werner, secretary Nils Lalander and treasurer Hertta Fischer.
# Sources.
- Socialistiska Solidaritetskommittén för Tjeckoslovakien, "Charta 77 - Dokument om människorätt i Kafkas Prag", 1978 (). | 17,403 |
1402239 | Chaw | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chaw | Chaw
Chaw
Chaw may refer to:
- Gary Chaw (born 1979), singer
- Chaw (surname), a Cantonese romanization of the Chinese surname Cao
- "Chaw" (film), a 2009 Korean film
- Chewing tobacco, slang
- "Chaw" (album), a 2001 album by Chandrabindoo
- CHAW-FM, a country radio station based out of Little Current, Ontario | 17,404 |
1402193 | Hudson v. McMillian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson%20v.%20McMillian | Hudson v. McMillian
Hudson v. McMillian
Hudson v. McMillian, 503 U.S. 1 (1992), is a United States Supreme Court decision where the Court on a 7-2 vote held that the use of excessive physical force against a prisoner may constitute cruel and unusual punishment even though the inmate does not suffer serious injury.
# Opinion of the Court.
Justice Sandra Day O'Connor delivered the opinion of the Court, joined by Chief Justice Rehnquist and Justices White, Kennedy, and Souter. Justices Blackmun and Stevens separately concurred in the judgment. In the case, petitioner Hudson, a Louisiana prison inmate, testified that he suffered minor bruises, facial swelling, loosened teeth, and a cracked dental plate as a result | 17,405 |
1402193 | Hudson v. McMillian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson%20v.%20McMillian | Hudson v. McMillian
from a beating by respondent prison guards, McMillian and Woods, while he was handcuffed and shackled following an argument with McMillian, and that respondent Mezo, a supervisor on duty, allegedly watched the beating and told the officers "not to have too much fun." Hudson's injuries were "minor" and required no medical attention.
## Dissent.
Justices Scalia and Thomas dissented, with Justice Thomas writing that the beating did not cause sufficient harm to meet the constitutional standard; however, he left open the option of a criminal charge or a tort claim, stating:
In my view, a use of force that causes only insignificant harm to a prisoner may be immoral, it may be tortious, it may be | 17,406 |
1402193 | Hudson v. McMillian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson%20v.%20McMillian | Hudson v. McMillian
criminal, and it may even be remediable under other provisions of the Federal Constitution, but it is not "cruel and unusual punishment." In concluding to the contrary, the Court today goes far beyond our precedents.
Conceding some of the petitioners' arguments, Justice Thomas cited a classic line from a Seventh Circuit decision, "Williams v. Boles" by Frank Easterbrook:
Many things—beating with a rubber truncheon, water torture, electric shock, incessant noise, reruns of ""—may cause agony as they occur, yet leave no enduring injury. The state is not free to inflict such pains without cause just so long as it is careful to leave no marks.
According to historian David Garrow, Thomas's dissent | 17,407 |
1402193 | Hudson v. McMillian | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hudson%20v.%20McMillian | Hudson v. McMillian
mas's dissent in "Hudson" was a "classic call for federal judicial restraint, reminiscent of views that were held by Felix Frankfurter and John M. Harlan II a generation earlier, but editorial criticism rained down on him." Thomas would later respond to the accusation "that I supported the beating of prisoners in that case. Well, one must either be illiterate or fraught with malice to reach that conclusion ... no honest reading can reach such a conclusion."
# See also.
- List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 503
- List of United States Supreme Court cases
- Lists of United States Supreme Court cases by volume
- List of United States Supreme Court cases by the Rehnquist Court | 17,408 |
1402235 | Cassian of Imola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassian%20of%20Imola | Cassian of Imola
Cassian of Imola
Cassian, or Saint Cassian of Imola, or Cassius was a Christian saint of the 4th century. His feast day is August 13.
# Life.
Little is known about his life, although the traditional accounts converge on some of the details of his martyrdom. He was a schoolmaster at Imola, but rather than sacrifice to the Roman gods, as so ordered by the current emperor, Julian the Apostate, he was condemned to death and turned over to his own pupils. Since they were eager for revenge for the many punishments he had inflicted on them, they bound him to a stake and tortured him to death by stabbing him with their pointed iron styli, the devices then used to mark wooden or wax writing tablets. | 17,409 |
1402235 | Cassian of Imola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassian%20of%20Imola | Cassian of Imola
Cassian suffered in one of the persecutions of the third century, but in which cannot be assigned with any certainty.
He was interred by the Christians at Imola, where afterwards his relics were honoured with a rich mausolæum. His traditional date of martyrdom is August 13, 363, hence August 13 is his feast day on the Roman calendar. Cassian is the patron saint of Mexico City, Imola (Italy), Suko%C5%A1an (Croatia), and of parish clerks. Comacchio Cathedral is dedicated to him. He is also the patron saint of the localities of San Casciano in Val di Pesa (Italy) and Las Galletas (Tenerife, Spain). St Cassian's Centre is named for him.
# Cultural references.
There are at least two references | 17,410 |
1402235 | Cassian of Imola | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cassian%20of%20Imola | Cassian of Imola
is also the patron saint of the localities of San Casciano in Val di Pesa (Italy) and Las Galletas (Tenerife, Spain). St Cassian's Centre is named for him.
# Cultural references.
There are at least two references in modern literature to Cassian. In the novel "A Confederacy of Dunces" by John Kennedy Toole, protagonist Ignatius Reilly informs one of his professors that "St. Cassian of Imola was stabbed to death by his students with their styli." (Grove Press edition, p. 128). Annie Dillard also makes a reference to him in her 1992 novel "The Living." Bethel College had a "Cassianus Lounge" in the faculty offices area.
# External links.
- A Patron Saint of Teachers
- San Cassiano di Imola | 17,411 |
1402379 | Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuban-Black%20Sea%20Soviet%20Republic | Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic
The Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic (May 30 – July 6, 1918) was part of the Russian SFSR. Its capital was Yekaterinodar.
It was created by merging the Black Sea Soviet Republic and Kuban Soviet Republic. Later, it was itself merged into the North Caucasian Soviet Republic. The leader of the republic was Avran Rubin. | 17,412 |
1402302 | Black Sea Soviet Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Black%20Sea%20Soviet%20Republic | Black Sea Soviet Republic
Black Sea Soviet Republic
The Black Sea Soviet Republic (March–May 1918) was a republic of the Russian SFSR within the territory that corresponded to Black Sea Governorate in the Russian Empire. Its seat was Novorossiysk.
It was merged into the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic. | 17,413 |
1402261 | Daniel Jenifer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Jenifer | Daniel Jenifer
Daniel Jenifer
Daniel Jenifer (April 15, 1791 – December 18, 1855) was an American lawyer and statesman from Charles County, Maryland. He was also the nephew of Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer. He graduated from Charlotte Hall Military Academy. He represented Maryland's 1st Congressional district in the U.S. Congress in 1831–1833 and the 7th district from 1835–1841. From 1841–1845 he served as U.S. Minister to the Austrian Empire.
His uncle, Daniel of St. Thomas Jenifer, was a signer of the United States Constitution. His family home was known as Retreat and is located in Port Tobacco, Maryland.
# Career.
Daniel Jenifer was born in Charles County, Maryland. He was a nephew of Daniel of St. Thomas | 17,414 |
1402261 | Daniel Jenifer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Jenifer | Daniel Jenifer
Jenifer (1723-1790), one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence, and the son-in-law of Congressman John Campbell (1765-1828). He attended public schools and then studied law. In the early 1830s, he began a political career as a member of the short-lived National Republican Party. After the dissolution of his party in the mid-1830s, he became a member of the Whigs.
In the congressional elections of 1830 Jenifer was elected in the first constituency of Maryland in the US House of Representatives in Washington, DC, where he succeeded on 4 March 1831, the successor to Clement Dorsey. Since he was not re-elected in 1832, he was initially only able to complete only one term in Congress | 17,415 |
1402261 | Daniel Jenifer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Jenifer | Daniel Jenifer
until March 3, 1833. This was marked by discussions about the policies of President Andrew Jackson. In these years, the Nullification Crisis reached its peak with the state of South Carolina. In 1834 Jenifer was re-elected to Congress in the seventh district of his state, where he was able to complete three more legislative periods between March 4, 1835 and March 3, 1841. There he experienced until 1837 the final phase of the term of President Jackson.
After the end of his time in the US House of Representatives Daniel Jenifer was appointed by President John Tyler as successor to Henry Muhlenberg, the ambassador to Vienna. In this capacity he served until 1845. Then he was replaced by the former | 17,416 |
1402261 | Daniel Jenifer | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Daniel%20Jenifer | Daniel Jenifer
a. In 1834 Jenifer was re-elected to Congress in the seventh district of his state, where he was able to complete three more legislative periods between March 4, 1835 and March 3, 1841. There he experienced until 1837 the final phase of the term of President Jackson.
After the end of his time in the US House of Representatives Daniel Jenifer was appointed by President John Tyler as successor to Henry Muhlenberg, the ambassador to Vienna. In this capacity he served until 1845. Then he was replaced by the former congressman from Georgia, William Henry Stiles. Between 1845 and 1851, Daniel Jenifer was a notary for wills in Charles County. He died on December 18, 1855 near Port Tobacco Village. | 17,417 |
1402274 | Faustini (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustini%20(crater) | Faustini (crater)
Faustini (crater)
Faustini is a lunar impact crater that lies near the south pole of the Moon. It is located nearly due south of the much larger crater Amundsen, and is almost attached to Shoemaker to the southwest. About one crater diameter due south is the smaller crater Shackleton at the south pole. A small crater is attached to the eastern rim of Faustini.
Due to its location, sunlight reaches the rim of this crater at a very low angle, leaving the interior in permanent darkness. As a result, the crater floor has never been observed by orbiting spacecraft, although it has been roughly mapped by radar. The lack of illumination by the Sun, the interior remains at a permanent temperature below | 17,418 |
1402274 | Faustini (crater) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Faustini%20(crater) | Faustini (crater)
he interior in permanent darkness. As a result, the crater floor has never been observed by orbiting spacecraft, although it has been roughly mapped by radar. The lack of illumination by the Sun, the interior remains at a permanent temperature below 100 kelvins, cold enough to trap any water vapor that reaches the crater following comet impacts on the Moon.
The Lunar Prospector spacecraft carried a neutron spectrometer that could be used to detect the presence of large concentrations of hydrogen. The cold trap within Faustini was identified as having a high concentration of hydrogen, relative to the norm for the lunar surface. However, radar observations of this crater failed to detect ice. | 17,419 |
1402404 | Secession (art) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secession%20(art) | Secession (art)
Secession (art)
Secession () refers to a number of modernist artist groups that separated from the support of official academic art and its administrations in the late 19th and early 20th century.
The first secession from the official politics occurred in France, when, in 1890, the "Salon au Champs-de-Mars" was established, headed by Meissonnier and Puvis de Chavannes. In the years following artists in various European countries took up this impulse, primarily in Germany, Austria–Hungary, and Belgium, which 'seceded' from traditional art movements and embraced progressive styles. The first secession outside France formed in Munich in 1892, followed by the Vienna Secession formed 5 years later | 17,420 |
1402404 | Secession (art) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secession%20(art) | Secession (art)
in 1897.
The best-known secession movement was the Vienna Secession formed in 1897, and included Gustav Klimt, who favored the ornate Art Nouveau style over the prevailing styles of the time. The style of these artists, as practiced in Austria is known as "Sezessionstil", or "Secession style".
Georg Hirth, the editor and publisher of "Jugend" () from 1896 until his death in 1916, coined the term "Secession" to represent the spirit of the various modern and reactionary movements of the era. This idea was later revisited in the published thesis by Hans-Ulrich Simon ("Sezessionismus. Kunstgewerbe in literarischer und bildender Kunst", 1976), who argues that the series of secessions in late 19th | 17,421 |
1402404 | Secession (art) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Secession%20(art) | Secession (art)
1976), who argues that the series of secessions in late 19th and early 20th century Europe together form a movement of "Secessionism" () that was manifested in both the art and literature of the era.
# Major secessions in the visual arts.
- Paris: Société Nationale des Beaux-Arts, established in 1890
- Munich: Munich Secession: established in 1892
- Vienna: Vienna Secession: established in 1897
- Berlin: Berliner Secession, established in 1898
- Cologne: Sonderbund westdeutscher Kunstfreunde und Künstler, established in 1909
# Bibliography.
- Simon, Hans-Ulrich: "Sezessionismus. Kunstgewerbe in literarischer und bildender Kunst", J. B. Metzlersche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1976 | 17,422 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
Residence Act
The Residence Act of 1790, officially titled An Act for establishing the temporary and permanent seat of the Government of the United States (), was a United States federal statute adopted during the second session of the First United States Congress, and signed into law by President George Washington on July 16, 1790. The Act provided for a national capital and permanent seat of government to be established at a site along the Potomac River and empowered President Washington to appoint commissioners to oversee the project. It also set a deadline of December 1800 for the capital to be ready, and designated Philadelphia as the nation's temporary capital while the new seat of government | 17,423 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
was being built. At the time, the federal government was operating out of New York City.
Congress passed the Residence Act as part of a compromise brokered among James Madison, Thomas Jefferson, and Alexander Hamilton. Madison and Jefferson favored a southerly site for the capital on the Potomac River, but they lacked a majority to pass the measure through Congress. Meanwhile, Hamilton was pushing for Congress to pass the Assumption Bill, to allow the Federal government to assume debts accumulated by the states during the American Revolutionary War. With the compromise, Hamilton was able to muster support from the New York State congressional delegation for the Potomac site, while four delegates | 17,424 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
(all from districts bordering the Potomac) switched from opposition to support for the Assumption Bill.
# Background.
At the outset of the Revolutionary War, the Second Continental Congress was meeting in Philadelphia at the Pennsylvania State House. On account of British military actions, the Congress was forced to relocate to Baltimore, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and then York, Pennsylvania for a time before returning to Philadelphia. Upon gaining independence, the Congress of the Confederation was formed, and Philadelphia became the new nation's first seat of government. Congress did not remain in the city long however, for in June 1783, a mob of angry soldiers converged upon Independence | 17,425 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
Hall demanding payment for their service during the war. Congress requested that John Dickinson, the governor of Pennsylvania, call up the militia to defend Congress from attacks by the protesters. In what became known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, Dickinson sympathized with the protesters and refused to remove them from Philadelphia. As a result, Congress was forced to flee to Princeton, New Jersey on June 21, 1783, and met in Annapolis and then Trenton, before ending up in New York.
During the mid-1780s, numerous locations were offered by the states to serve as the nation's capital, but the Continental Congress could never agree on a site due to regional loyalties and tensions. Proposed | 17,426 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
sites included: Kingston, New York; Nottingham Township in New Jersey; Annapolis; Williamsburg, Virginia; Wilmington, Delaware; Reading, Pennsylvania; Germantown, Pennsylvania; Lancaster, Pennsylvania; New York City; Philadelphia; and Princeton; among others. The Southern states refused to accept a capital in the North, and vice versa. Another suggestion was for there to be two capitals, one in the North and one in the South.
The United States Congress was established in 1789, after ratification of the United States Constitution, and New York City remained the temporary capital. The new Constitution—through —authorized Congress to create a federal district outside of the state structure as | 17,427 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
the nation's permanent seat of government, and granted Congress exclusive governing jurisdiction over it. The choice of a site was left for the new Congress to decide. During the debate, two sites became serious contenders: one site on the Potomac River near Georgetown; and another site on the Susquehanna River near Wrights Ferry (now Columbia, Pennsylvania). The Susquehanna River site was approved by the House in September 1789, while the Senate bill specified a site on the Delaware River near Germantown, Pennsylvania. The House and Senate were not able to reconcile their two bills.
# Compromise and adoption.
The selection of a location for the capital resurfaced in the summer of 1790. At | 17,428 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
the same time, Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton was pushing for Congress to pass a financial plan. A key provision of Hamilton's plan involved the Federal government assuming states' debts incurred during the American Revolutionary War. Northern states had accumulated a huge amount of debt during the war, amounting to 21.5 million dollars, and wanted the federal government to assume their burden. The Southern states, whose citizens would effectively be forced to pay a portion of this debt if the Federal Government assumed it, balked at this proposal. Some states, including Virginia, had paid almost half of their debts, and felt that their taxpayers should not be assessed again to | 17,429 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
bail out the less provident. Further, they argued that the plan exceeded the scope of the new Constitutional government. James Madison, then a representative from Virginia, led a group of legislators from the south in blocking the provision and preventing the plan from gaining approval.
When Jefferson ran into Hamilton at President Washington's residence in New York City in late June 1790, Jefferson offered to host a dinner to bring Madison and Hamilton together. Subsequently, a compromise was reached, in which the northern delegates would agree to the southerly Potomac River site, and in return, the federal government would assume debts accumulated by the states during the American Revolutionary | 17,430 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
War. Jefferson wrote a letter to James Monroe explaining the compromise.
Congress agreed to the compromise, which narrowly passed as the Residence Act. Jefferson was able to get the Virginia delegates to support the bill, with the debt provisions, while Hamilton convinced the New York delegates to agree to the Potomac site for the capital. The bill was approved by the Senate by a vote of 14 to 12 on July 1, 1790, and by the House of Representatives by a vote of 31 to 29 on July 9, 1790. Washington signed the Act into law one week later on July 16. The Assumption Bill narrowly passed the Senate on July 16, 1790, followed by passage in the House on July 26.
The Residence Act specified that the | 17,431 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
capital be located along the Potomac River between the Eastern Branch (the Anacostia River) and the Connogochegue (near Williamsport and Hagerstown, Maryland), and encompass an area of no more than "ten miles square" ( on a side, for a maximum area of ).
The Act gave President George Washington the authority to decide the exact location and hire a surveyor. The President was required to have suitable buildings ready for Congress and other government offices by the first Monday in December 1800 (Monday, December 1, 1800). The federal government would provide financing for all public buildings.
The Act specified that the laws of the state from which the area was ceded would apply in the federal | 17,432 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
district, meaning that Maryland laws applied on the eastern side of the Potomac while Virginia laws applied on the western side in the District of Columbia until the government officially took residence. Upon assuming control of the federal district in 1800, Congress would have full authority over local matters within the District of Columbia.
In order to garner enough votes to pass the Assumption Bill, Hamilton also needed votes from the Pennsylvania delegates. This led to the decision to designate Philadelphia as the temporary capital city of the United States federal government for a period of ten years, until the permanent capital was ready. Congress reconvened in Philadelphia on December | 17,433 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
6, 1790 at Congress Hall.
# Implementation.
Soon after signing the act, Washington began work on the project. He, along with Thomas Jefferson, personally oversaw the process as plans were developed and implemented. Even as the project began to move forward, some held out hope that it would fail, and that the capital would remain permanently in Philadelphia. Pennsylvania's congressional delegation attempted to undermine the plan by introducing legislation allocating funds for federal buildings and a house for the president in Philadelphia.
Although the legislation did not specify an exact location, it was assumed that Georgetown would be the capital. Washington began scouting the area to the | 17,434 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
southeast of Georgetown, near the Anacostia River (Eastern Branch). Some of the property owners expressed to the President that they were willing to sell land for the capital. Washington also looked at other sites along the Potomac. He decided that a few sites should be surveyed to provide specific details about the land and its ownership. Washington returned to Philadelphia in late November 1790 to meet with Jefferson. At this time, the decision was reached to locate the capital at or adjacent to Georgetown, which was a short distance below the Fall Line and the farthest inland point for navigation.
In January 1791, the President proceeded to appoint, in accordance with the Residence Act, | 17,435 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
a three-member commission, consisting of Daniel Carroll, Thomas Johnson, and David Stuart, to oversee the surveying of the federal district, and appointed Andrew Ellicott as surveyor. Washington informed Congress of the site selection on January 24, and suggested that Congress amend the Act to allow the capital to encompass areas to the south of the Eastern Branch, including Alexandria, Virginia. Congress agreed with this suggestion, passing an amendment to the Act that Washington approved on March 3, 1791. However, consistent with language in the original Act, the amendment specifically prohibited the "erection of the public buildings otherwise than on the Maryland side of the river Potomac".
On | 17,436 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
March 30, 1791, Washington issued a presidential proclamation that established "Jones's point, the upper cape of Hunting Creek in Virginia" as the starting point for the federal district's boundary survey and the method by which the survey should determine the district's boundaries.
During the early spring of 1791, Pierre (Peter) Charles L'Enfant began working on a plan for the capital city that identified the future sites of the "Congress House" (the United States Capitol) and the "President's House" (the White House). Design competitions were then held to solicit designs for each of those structures. Architect James Hoban was selected to design the President's House, while no satisfactory | 17,437 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
drawings were submitted for the Capitol. A late submission by William Thornton was selected for the Capitol. Stephen Hallet was hired to oversee construction, which got underway in September 1793. Hallet proceeded to make alterations to the design, against the wishes of Washington and Jefferson, and was subsequently dismissed. George Hadfield was hired in October 1795 as superintendent of construction, but resigned three years later in May 1798, due to dissatisfaction with Thornton's plan and quality of work done thus far.
The original intention of the Residence Act was to use proceeds from selling lots in the District to cover costs of constructing federal buildings in the capital. However, | 17,438 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
few were interested in purchasing lots. A shortage of funds further contributed to the delays and problems in building the Capitol and other federal buildings in Washington.
President John Adams made his first official visit to Washington in early June 1800, which lasted for several days. Amid the "raw and unfinished" cityscape, the president found the public buildings "in a much greater forwardness of completion than expected." The Senate (north) wing of the Capitol was nearly completed, as was the White House. The president moved into the White House, on November 1. First Lady Abigail Adams arrived a few weeks later. The Senate of the Sixth Congress met in the Capitol for the first time on | 17,439 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
November 17, and on November 22, Adams delivered his fourth State of the Union Address to a joint session of Congress in the Senate chamber. The House (south) wing was not completed until 1811. Nonetheless, the House of Representatives began meeting there in 1807.
In February 1801, Congress approved the District of Columbia Organic Act, which officially organized the District of Columbia. Congress at that time became the district's exclusive governing authority.
# Retrocession.
In 1846, based on a petition to Congress by the residents of the Virginia portion of the District (Alexandria County) and the City of Alexandria, the area of which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving of territory | 17,440 |
1402190 | Residence Act | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Residence%20Act | Residence Act
began meeting there in 1807.
In February 1801, Congress approved the District of Columbia Organic Act, which officially organized the District of Columbia. Congress at that time became the district's exclusive governing authority.
# Retrocession.
In 1846, based on a petition to Congress by the residents of the Virginia portion of the District (Alexandria County) and the City of Alexandria, the area of which was ceded by Virginia was returned, leaving of territory originally ceded by Maryland as the current area of the District in its entirety.
# See also.
- District of Columbia home rule
- Index of Washington, D.C.-related articles
- Outline of Washington, D.C.
# References.
那就这样了。 | 17,441 |
1402472 | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuck%20(Stacie%20Orrico%20song) | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song)
Stuck (Stacie Orrico song)
"Stuck" is a song by Stacie Orrico, released in 2003. It can be found on her self-titled second album. It was used in the Disney Channel Original Movie "Stuck in the Suburbs". It was the official theme song of the 2004 Copa América tournament.
"Stuck" was the first taste of chart success in the mainstream that Orrico received and worldwide. The single peaked at No. 52 in the US while in the likes of Australia and New Zealand, the single peaked in the top 3 and in the UK the single bucked chart trends at the time by climbing inside the top 10 in its second week, peaking at No. 9. In Japan it peaked at No. 1 on some radio stations' airplay charts.
The music video was | 17,442 |
1402472 | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuck%20(Stacie%20Orrico%20song) | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song)
directed by Diane Martel. The video shows her on and off relationship with her boyfriend during high school. The boyfriend was played by her cousin, actor Trevor Wright.
# Track listings.
US CD single
- 1. "Stuck" (album version) - 3:42
- 2. "Stuck" (rhythmic mix) - 3:46
- 3. "Stuck" (Thunderpuss radio version) - 3:04
- 4. "More To Life" (snippet) - 0:57
- 5. "I Promise" (snippet) - 0:58
UK CD single
- 1. "Stuck" (album version) – 3:42
- 2. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox club remix) – 8:25
- 3. "Until I Find You" – 3:01
- 4. "Stuck" (video)
European CD single
- 1. "Stuck" (album version) – 3:42
- 2. "Bounce Back" – 3:01
12" maxi
- 1. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox club | 17,443 |
1402472 | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stuck%20(Stacie%20Orrico%20song) | Stuck (Stacie Orrico song)
. "Stuck" (Thunderpuss radio version) - 3:04
- 4. "More To Life" (snippet) - 0:57
- 5. "I Promise" (snippet) - 0:58
UK CD single
- 1. "Stuck" (album version) – 3:42
- 2. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox club remix) – 8:25
- 3. "Until I Find You" – 3:01
- 4. "Stuck" (video)
European CD single
- 1. "Stuck" (album version) – 3:42
- 2. "Bounce Back" – 3:01
12" maxi
- 1. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox club remix) – 8:25
- 2. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox radio remix) – 3:05
- 3. "Stuck" (Barry Harris & Chris Cox dub) – 10:05
- 4. "Stuck" (rhythmic mix) – 3:45
# Official versions.
- Main Version
- Thunderpuss Club Mix
- Thunderpuss Radio Mix
- Thunderdub
- Rhythmic Mix | 17,444 |
1402397 | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kursk%20Magnetic%20Anomaly | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
Kursk Magnetic Anomaly () is a territory rich in iron ores located within the Kursk, Belgorod, and Voronezh oblasts in Russia, and constitutes a significant part of the Central Chernozyom Region. The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly is recognized as the largest magnetic anomaly on Earth.
The Kursk Magnetic Anomaly (KMA) was first discovered in 1773 by the Russian astronomer and academic Pyotr Inokhodtsev while preparing the maps of the General Land Survey () at the behest of the Russian government. It was not investigated again until 1874 when I. N. Smirnov conducted the first geomagnetic survey of European Russia. In 1883, N. D. Pilchikov, an assistant professor at Kharkiv University, | 17,445 |
1402397 | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kursk%20Magnetic%20Anomaly | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
conducted a series of 71 observations of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly. These revealed a much larger extent than previously measured and for the first time attributed the anomaly to the presence of iron ore. In 1884, on the basis of this discovery, Pilchikov was awarded the silver medal of the Russian Geographical Society.
Serious investigation of the economic potential of the anomaly occurred under the leadership of Ivan Gubkin in 1920-1925, originally based upon the possibilities for oil. Rich ores were discovered in the region of the anomaly about 1931. The ores are spread over an area estimated at 120,000 km² and are magnetite quartzites disseminated throughout metamorphic rocks and Pre-Cambrian | 17,446 |
1402397 | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kursk%20Magnetic%20Anomaly | Kursk Magnetic Anomaly
aly occurred under the leadership of Ivan Gubkin in 1920-1925, originally based upon the possibilities for oil. Rich ores were discovered in the region of the anomaly about 1931. The ores are spread over an area estimated at 120,000 km² and are magnetite quartzites disseminated throughout metamorphic rocks and Pre-Cambrian granitoids. Surveyed ore reserves of ferrous quartzite are presently estimated at more than 25 billion tonnes of 32-37% Fe and more than 30 billion tonnes of 52-66% Fe. The open pit method is used to mine this ore at the Stoylenskoye, Lebedinskoye, and Mikhailovskoye deposits. Underground mining methods are used for the Korobkovskoye deposit.
# See also.
- Stoilensky GOK | 17,447 |
1402468 | Kuban Soviet Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kuban%20Soviet%20Republic | Kuban Soviet Republic
Kuban Soviet Republic
The Kuban Soviet Republic (April 13 – May 30, 1918) was part of the Russian Soviet Federated Socialist Republic within the general territory of the Kuban. Its capital was Yekaterinodar.
It was merged into the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic on May 30, 1918. | 17,448 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
Joel David Moore
Joel David Moore (born September 25, 1977) is an American character actor and director. Born and raised in Portland, Oregon, Moore studied acting in college before relocating to Los Angeles to pursue a film career. His first major role was as Owen Dittman in the 2004 comedy "", followed by roles in the comedy "Grandma's Boy" (2006), Terry Zwigoff's "Art School Confidential" (2006), and the independent slasher film "Hatchet" (2006).
In 2008, he was cast in the role of Colin Fisher on the Fox series "Bones", a guest role he portrayed in sixteen episodes until the series' conclusion in 2017. In 2009, he was cast as Dr. Norm Spellman in James Cameron's "Avatar" (2009), a role he | 17,449 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
will reprise for the film's upcoming sequels, "Avatar 2" (2021) and "Avatar 3" (2023).
Moore has also starred in several music videos, and directed films: His directorial debut was the psychological thriller "Spiral" (2007), followed by the drama "Youth in Oregon" (2016), and "Killing Winston Jones" (2018).
# Early life.
Moore was born September 25, 1977 in Portland, Oregon, the son of Missy (née Irvine) and John Moore. Moore was raised in Portland, where his family resided in the Mount Tabor neighborhood. He graduated from Benson Polytechnic High School in 1995.
After high school, Moore attended Mt. Hood Community College in Gresham, Oregon, for two years. In 1998, he transferred to Southern | 17,450 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
Oregon University in Ashland, Oregon, where he earned his Bachelor of Fine Arts degree in 2001 and performed for two summers at the Oregon Shakespeare Festival.
# Career.
### Early roles.
Before relocating to Hollywood, Joel starred with Gretchen Stouts and Nina Smidt in Tom Monson's "Drug Wars, The High Times" (1999), a video about underage binge drinking.
In 2000, he moved to Los Angeles, California, and appeared in several television commercials, including ones for eBay, Cingular Wireless, and Best Buy. Moore shot an international campaign for a branch of Siemens cell phones, XELIBRI, which won a Lion Award.
Moore's first major film role was in 2004's "". Between 2004 and 2005, he appeared | 17,451 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
in a recurring guest role on the NBC series "LAX". This was followed by roles in the films "Grandma's Boy", and as a jaded art student in Terry Zwigoff's "Art School Confidential" (both 2006). The same year, he also had a lead role in the independent slasher film "Hatchet", a bit part in "The Shaggy Dog", and a supporting role in "El Muerto", based on the eponymous comic book series. Also in 2007, Moore made directorial debut with the psychological thriller "Spiral", which he filmed in his hometown of Portland, and co-starred in with Amber Tamblyn.
### Acting and directing.
In 2008, he was cast in the supporting role of Dr. Norm Spellman in James Cameron's "Avatar" (2009). The same year, | 17,452 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
he was cast as Colin Fisher on the Fox series "Bones", a guest role he would portray across sixteen episodes until the series' conclusion in 2017. Moore also had a supporting role in "Beyond a Reasonable Doubt" (2009), a remake of the 1956 film of the same name. He also starred alongside Katy Perry in her music video for "Waking Up in Vegas" in 2009.
Other film roles included a supporting part in 2012's "Savages", directed by Oliver Stone, and in the crime-thriller "Gone" (2012), opposite Amanda Seyfried. Moore directed "Killing Winston Jones" in the fall of 2012 in Savannah, Georgia, which starred Danny Glover, Jon Heder, and Richard Dreyfuss.
He would also reprise his role with a cameo appearance | 17,453 |
1402228 | Joel David Moore | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Joel%20David%20Moore | Joel David Moore
, opposite Amanda Seyfried. Moore directed "Killing Winston Jones" in the fall of 2012 in Savannah, Georgia, which starred Danny Glover, Jon Heder, and Richard Dreyfuss.
He would also reprise his role with a cameo appearance in "Hatchet III" (2013). during 2014-2015 he played a supporting role in the series "Forever", and also had film roles in the thriller "The Guest" (2014), and played Joey Ramone in the historical film "CBGB" (2013).
In 2016, he directed his second feature, "Youth in Oregon", starring Frank Langella, Christina Applegate, and Billy Crudup. In 2017, it was reported that Moore had signed on to appear in both of the "Avatar" sequels, "Avatar 2" (2020) and "Avatar 3" (2021). | 17,454 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
Eric Norelius
Eric Norelius (26 October 1833 – 15 March 1916) was a Swedish-American Lutheran minister, church leader, and author.
# Background.
Eric Norelius was born on 26 October 1833 in Norrbäck, Hassela parish, in Nordanstig Municipality, Gävleborg County, Sweden. He received his early education at Hudiksvall's general school. In 1850, at the age of 17, Norelius emigrated to the United States. In May 1851, he accompanied Lars Paul Esbjörn on a visit to William Morton Reynolds, president of the newly renamed Capital University at Columbus, Ohio, and stayed on to become a student there, with assistance from Esbjörn. After four years of studying, Norelius was ordained in 1855.
# Career.
Norelius | 17,455 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
moved to the newly formed congregations in Red Wing and Vasa, Minnesota in 1856. In 1858, he was called to serve the Swedish Lutheran congregation in Attica, Indiana. In 1863, he was called back to the Vasa and Red Wing congregations in Goodhue County.
Lutheran Social Service of Minnesota traces its history to 1865 when Eric Norelius and his congregation took in four orphaned immigrant children and later opened Vasa Lutheran Home for Children. The Vasa Children’s Home was the first orphan home established by Swedish Lutherans in Minnesota.
Norelius was one of the founders of the Augustana Synod, and he served as its president between 1870–1881 and 1901-1910. Norelius was also the founder and | 17,456 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
often president of the Lutheran Minnesota Conference of Augustana Synod, and he initiated Minnesota Elementar Skola, a predecessor of Gustavus Adolphus College.
Norelius was also active in the publishing field and began the publishing of "Minnesota Posten", from 1857-58 which merged with "Hemlandet". Norelius jointly published and edited "Svensk Luthersk Tidskrift", which became "Skaffaren" after the first year of existence. He edited "Missionären" from 1870-71. Norelius was listed as editor-in-chief of "Skaffaren" until 1882. He was also the editor of "Augustana" for a brief period of time and the synod calendar "Korsbaneret". From 1899 until 1909, he was editor or co-editor of "Tidskrift | 17,457 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
för svensk evangelisk luthersk kyrkohistoria i Amerika", later called "The Augustana Theological Quarterly".
The last years of his life were spent researching and writing the history of the synod and the Swedish migration to and settlement in America. He published "Vasa illustrata" (1905) on the history of his congregation in Vasa, "The history of the Swedish Lutheran congregations and the Swedish-Americans" (1890) (Swedish: "De svenska lutherska församlingarnas och svensk-amerikanernas historia"). He also wrote a biography of Tuve Hasselquist (1900). Eric Norelius' papers are contained in the Swenson Swedish Immigration Research Center located on the campus of Augustana College in Rock Island, | 17,458 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
Illinois and in the College and Lutheran Church Archives at Gustavus Adolphus College in Saint Peter, Minnesota.
# Legacy.
Gustavus Adolphus College honors the role of Eric Norelius in the foundation of the college. The four narthexes of Christ Chapel honor the first four college presidents, including Eric Norelius, founder of the College. Norelius Hall is named for him. The Eric Norelius Award for the Outstanding Administrative Employee is awarded annually by Gustavus Adolphus College. A commemorative bronze statue of Norelius was erected in 2015 in Lindström, Minnesota, alongside two additional statues of influential Swedish Immigrants Joris-Pelle Per Anderson and Daniel Lindström. All three | 17,459 |
1402413 | Eric Norelius | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Eric%20Norelius | Eric Norelius
ström, Minnesota, alongside two additional statues of influential Swedish Immigrants Joris-Pelle Per Anderson and Daniel Lindström. All three Swedes immigrated between 1851 and 1853 and are honored for their significant contributions to the city of Lindström and the State of Minnesota.
# Further reading.
- Johnson, Emeroy "The Journals of Eric Norelius, a Swedish missionary on the American frontier" (Augustana Book Concern. 1934)
- Ravenhill, Leonard "Eric Norelius, Pioneer Midwest Pastor and Churchman" (Augustana Book Concern. 1954)
- Peterson, Florence M. Turner "Erik Norelius letters in the Gustavus Adolphus College Archives: Arranged chronologically" (Gustavus Adolphus College. 1958) | 17,460 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
Baby colic
Baby colic, also known as infantile colic, is defined as episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week, for three weeks in an otherwise healthy child. Often crying occurs in the evening. It typically does not result in long-term problems. The crying can result in frustration of the parents, depression following delivery, excess visits to the doctor, and child abuse.
The cause of colic is unknown. Some believe it is due to gastrointestinal discomfort like intestinal cramping. Diagnosis requires ruling out other possible causes. Concerning findings include a fever, poor activity, or a swollen abdomen. Fewer than 5% of infants with excess crying | 17,461 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
have an underlying organic disease.
Treatment is generally conservative, with little to no role for either medications or alternative therapies. Extra support for the parents may be useful. Tentative evidence supports certain probiotics for the baby and a low-allergen diet by the mother in those who are breastfed. Hydrolyzed formula may be useful in those who are bottlefed.
Colic affects 10–40% of children. It is most common at six weeks of age and typically goes away by six months of age. It rarely lasts up to one year of age. It occurs at the same rate in boys and in girls. The first detailed medical description of the problem occurred in 1954.
# Signs and symptoms.
Colic is defined as | 17,462 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
episodes of crying for more than three hours a day, for more than three days a week for at least a three-week duration in an otherwise healthy child. It is most common around six weeks of age and gets better by six months of age. By contrast, infants normally cry an average of just over two hours a day, with the duration peaking at six weeks. With colic, periods of crying most commonly happen in the evening and for no obvious reason. Associated symptoms may include legs pulled up to the stomach, a flushed face, clenched hands, and a wrinkled brow. The cry is often high pitched (piercing).
## Effect on the family.
An infant with colic may affect family stability and be a cause of short-term | 17,463 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
anxiety or depression in the father and mother. It may also contribute to exhaustion and stress in the parents.
Persistent infant crying has been associated with severe marital discord, postpartum depression, early termination of breastfeeding, frequent visits to doctors, and a quadrupling of excessive laboratory tests and prescription of medication for acid reflux. Babies with colic may be exposed to abuse, especially shaken baby syndrome.
# Causes.
The cause of colic is generally unknown. Fewer than 5% of infants who cry excessively turn out to have an underlying organic disease, such as constipation, gastroesophageal reflux disease, lactose intolerance, anal fissures, subdural hematomas, | 17,464 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
or infantile migraine. Babies fed cow's milk have been shown to develop antibody responses to the bovine protein, causing colic. Studies performed showed conflicting evidence about the role of cow's milk allergy. While previously believed to be related to gas pains, this does not appear to be the case. Another theory holds that colic is related to hyperperistalsis of the digestive tube (increased level of activity of contraction and relaxation). The evidence that the use of anticholinergic agents improve colic symptoms supports this hypothesis.
Psychological and social factors have been proposed as a cause, but there is no evidence. Studies performed don't support the theory that maternal (or | 17,465 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
paternal) personality or anxiety causes colic, nor that it is a consequence of a difficult temperament of the baby, but families with colicky children may eventually develop anxiety, fatigue and problems with family functioning as a result. There is some evidence that cigarette smoke may increase the risk. It seems unrelated to breast or bottle feeding with rates similar in both groups. Reflux does not appear to be related to colic.
# Diagnosis.
Colic is diagnosed after other potential causes of crying are excluded. This can typically be done via a history and physical exam, and in most cases tests such as X-rays or blood tests are not needed. Babies who cry may simply be hungry, uncomfortable, | 17,466 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
or ill. Less than 10% of babies who would meet the definition of colic based on the amount they cry have an identifiable underlying disease.
Cause for concern include: an elevated temperature, a history of breathing problems or a child who is not appropriately gaining weight.
"Red flag" indicating that further investigations may be needed include:
- Vomiting (vomit that is green or yellow, bloody or occurring more than five times a day)
- Change in stool (constipation or diarrhea, especially with blood or mucous)
- Abnormal temperature (a rectal temperature less than or over
- Irritability (crying all day with few calm periods in between)
- Lethargy (excess sleepiness, lack of smiles | 17,467 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
or interested gaze, weak sucking lasting over six hours)
- Poor weight gain (gaining less than 15 grams a day)
Problems to consider when the above are present include:
- Infections (e.g. ear infection, urine infection, meningitis, appendicitis)
- Intestinal pain (e.g. food allergy, acid reflux, constipation, intestinal blockage)
- Trouble breathing (e.g. from a cold, excessive dust, congenital nasal blockage, oversized tongue)
- Increased brain pressure (e.g., hematoma, hydrocephalus)
- Skin pain (e.g. a loose diaper pin, irritated rash, a hair wrapped around a toe)
- Mouth pain (e.g. yeast infection)
- Kidney pain (e.g. blockage of the urinary system)
- Eye pain (e.g. scratched cornea, | 17,468 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
glaucoma)
- Overdose (e.g. excessive Vitamin D, excessive sodium)
- Others (e.g. migraine headache, heart failure, hyperthyroidism)
Persistently fussy babies with poor weight gain, vomiting more than five times a day, or other significant feeding problems should be evaluated for other illnesses (e.g. urinary infection, intestinal obstruction, acid reflux).
# Treatment.
Management of colic is generally conservative and involves the reassurance of parents. Calming measures may be used and include soothing motions, limiting stimulation, pacifier use, and carrying the baby around in a carrier. Although it is not entirely clear if these actions have any effect beyond placebo. Swaddling does | 17,469 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
not appear to help.
## Medication.
No medications have been found to be both safe and effective. Simethicone is safe but does not work, while dicyclomine works but is not safe. Evidence does not support the use of cimetropium bromide, and there is little evidence for alternative medications or techniques. While medications to treat reflux are common, there is no evidence that they are useful.
## Diet.
Dietary changes by infants are generally not needed. In mothers who are breastfeeding, a hypoallergenic diet by the mother—not eating milk and dairy products, eggs, wheat, and nuts—may improve matters, while elimination of only cow's milk does not seem to produce any improvement. In formula-fed | 17,470 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
infants, switching to a soy-based or hydrolyzed protein formula may help. Evidence of benefit is greater for hydrolyzed protein formula with the benefit from soy based formula being disputed. Both these formulas have greater cost and are not as palatable. Supplementation with fiber has not been shown to have any benefit.
## Alternative medicine.
No clear beneficial effect from spinal manipulation or massage has been shown. Further, as there is no evidence of safety for cervical manipulation for baby colic, it is not advised. There is a case of a three-month-old dying following manipulation of the neck area.
Little clinical evidence supports the efficacy of "gripe water" and caution in use | 17,471 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
is needed, especially in formulations that include alcohol or sugar. Evidence does not support lactase supplementation. The use of the probiotic "Lactobacillus reuteri" in babies who are breastfed has tentative evidence of value.
# Prognosis.
Infants who are colicky do just as well as their non colicky peers with respect to temperament at one year of age.
# Epidemiology.
Colic affects 10–40% of children. occurring at the same rate in boys and in girls.
# History.
The word "colic" is derived from the ancient Greek word for intestine (sharing the same root as the word "colon").
It has been an age-old practice to drug crying infants. During the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen | 17,472 |
1402262 | Baby colic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Baby%20colic | Baby colic
word for intestine (sharing the same root as the word "colon").
It has been an age-old practice to drug crying infants. During the second century AD, the Greek physician Galen prescribed opium to calm fussy babies, and during the Middle Ages in Europe, mothers and wet nurses smeared their nipples with opium lotions before each feeding. Alcohol was also commonly given to infants.
In past decades, doctors recommended treating colicky babies with sedative medications (e.g. phenobarbital, Valium, alcohol), analgesics (e.g. opium) or anti-spasm drugs (e.g. scopolamine, Donnatal, dicyclomine), but all of these are no longer recommended because of potential serious side-effects, including death. | 17,473 |
1402270 | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated%20Press%20NFL%20Defensive%20Player%20of%20the%20Year%20Award | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
The Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award (DPOY) is given by the Associated Press (AP) to the league's most outstanding defensive player at the end of every National Football League (NFL) season. It has been rewarded since 1971. The winner is decided by votes from a panel of 50 AP sportswriters who regularly cover the NFL. Since 2011, the award has been presented at the annual NFL Honors ceremony the day before the Super Bowl, along with other AP awards, such as the AP NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award, AP NFL Most Valuable Player Award, and AP NFL Rookie of the Year Award.
Lawrence Taylor and J. J. Watt are the | 17,474 |
1402270 | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated%20Press%20NFL%20Defensive%20Player%20of%20the%20Year%20Award | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
only three-time winners of the award. Joe Greene, Mike Singletary, Bruce Smith, Reggie White, Ray Lewis, and Aaron Donald have each won it twice. Taylor is the only player to win the award as a rookie, doing so in 1981. In 2008, James Harrison became the only undrafted free agent to win the award. White is the only player to win the award with two different teams, winning in 1987 with the Philadelphia Eagles and again with the Green Bay Packers in 1998. Watt is the only player to win the award unanimously, receiving 50 out of 50 first place votes in 2014. He was also a near-unanimous winner in 2012 as he earned 49 out of 50 votes.
As of the end of the 2018 NFL season, linebackers have won the | 17,475 |
1402270 | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated%20Press%20NFL%20Defensive%20Player%20of%20the%20Year%20Award | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
award 16 times, more than any other position. A defensive end has won thirteen times, followed by nine defensive tackles, five cornerbacks, and five safeties. Only two winners of the AP Defensive Player of the Year Award have also won the AP's Most Valuable Player Award for the same season: defensive tackle Alan Page in 1971 for the Minnesota Vikings and linebacker Lawrence Taylor in 1986 for the New York Giants. Aaron Donald is the incumbent holder of the award, winning it for the second consecutive year following the 2018 NFL season.
# See also.
- National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award for an overview of similar awards by other organizations
- Newspaper Enterprise Association | 17,476 |
1402270 | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Associated%20Press%20NFL%20Defensive%20Player%20of%20the%20Year%20Award | Associated Press NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
: defensive tackle Alan Page in 1971 for the Minnesota Vikings and linebacker Lawrence Taylor in 1986 for the New York Giants. Aaron Donald is the incumbent holder of the award, winning it for the second consecutive year following the 2018 NFL season.
# See also.
- National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award for an overview of similar awards by other organizations
- Newspaper Enterprise Association NFL Defensive Player of the Year Award
- Pro Football Writers Association NFL Defensive Player of the Year
- Kansas City Committee of 101 AFC and NFC Defensive Players of the Year
- Associated Press NFL Offensive Player of the Year Award
# References.
- General
- Footnotes | 17,477 |
1402488 | North Caucasian Soviet Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Caucasian%20Soviet%20Republic | North Caucasian Soviet Republic
North Caucasian Soviet Republic
North Caucasian Soviet Republic (, "Severo-Kavkazskaya Sovetskaya Respublika") (July 7–December, 1918) was a territory in the North Caucasus established to consolidate Soviet power during the Russian Civil War. A republic of the Russian SFSR, it was created by merging the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, the Stavropol Soviet Republic, and the Terek Soviet Republic. Its capital was Yekaterinodar; however, on August 17, 1918 Yekaterinodar was taken by Denikin's Volunteer Army, and the capital was moved to Pyatigorsk.
By the end of 1918, when the majority of the republic's territory was captured by the White Army, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee abolished | 17,478 |
1402488 | North Caucasian Soviet Republic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North%20Caucasian%20Soviet%20Republic | North Caucasian Soviet Republic
skaya Sovetskaya Respublika") (July 7–December, 1918) was a territory in the North Caucasus established to consolidate Soviet power during the Russian Civil War. A republic of the Russian SFSR, it was created by merging the Kuban-Black Sea Soviet Republic, the Stavropol Soviet Republic, and the Terek Soviet Republic. Its capital was Yekaterinodar; however, on August 17, 1918 Yekaterinodar was taken by Denikin's Volunteer Army, and the capital was moved to Pyatigorsk.
By the end of 1918, when the majority of the republic's territory was captured by the White Army, the All-Russian Central Executive Committee abolished the republic.
# See also.
- Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus | 17,479 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
MSN Groups
MSN Groups was a website part of the MSN network which hosted online communities, and which contained Web pages, hosted images, and contained a message board. MSN Groups was shut down on February 21, 2009 as part of a migration of online applications and services to the Windows Live brand. Windows Live Groups, a part of the Windows Live branding, was never marketed as, or intended to be a replacement for MSN groups.
# History.
Since 1995, there were various communities on MSN, all run by MSN, featuring real newsgroups and IRC chat rooms. They were not easily updatable as only MSN Communities staff members could update the one page that each "community" had. There was one for every | 17,480 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
generic interest. Around 1998–99, MSN created the home pages, which were real Web sites much like Tripod or GeoCities. These had no message boards or chat rooms attached. MSN did away with these home pages around 2001–02, not too long after they introduced the Custom Pages and File cab (later referred to as Documents) in MSN Communities, which were later called Groups.
Besides the general content and community that many of these groups provided, they would compete for the top ten rankings. Some of the largest groups in the site, often rising to the number 1 spot, included Debate, Critical Thinking and Philosophy, The Meaning of Life, ChristianTeen777, Community Feedback for Dummies and others. | 17,481 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
(Needs others listed.)
The "make your own group" feature came along in summer of 1999, when MSN did away with the real newsgroups IRC chat rooms. Message boards, chat rooms, one customizable home page and photo albums were added. Gradually, the list pages, custom pages and documents pages were added. Some groups had icons displayed next to the name. Official groups by MSN had the MSN "butterfly", groups considered "cool" had "sunglasses", private groups had a "padlock" and Mature groups had the "smoking pipe". Previously, "Adult" groups had their own icon too.
The famous Doctor Who Tardis building fan group started on MSN Groups in 2002 before moving to Proboards and then to their own website.
In | 17,482 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
2005, all "Adult" groups were transferred to the World Groups web site. Creating or changing a group to "Adult" is no longer possible in MSN. The removal of all "Adult" groups was processed on November 28, 2005 On October 16, 2006, the chats on every MSN Group were removed during the cancellation of the MSN Chat service. MSN Groups Chat rooms were removed from the CMS because MSN Subscription Chat was no longer profitable, and because of security and safety issues for children.
# Features.
- Members of MSN Groups can use and contribute to message boards, document folders, photo albums and list pages. Some areas may only be accessible to administrators/managers.
- A custom web page gives the | 17,483 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
user the choice to use the WYSIWYG interface or HTML. MSN limits some HTML code from being used and JavaScript cannot be put onto any page due to security concerns. In the WYSIWYG interface there are tools to add pictures, select background and text colours, create tables, emoticons, fonts, paragraphs, text sizes etc.
- Each group created comes with a default message board called "General". Other message boards can be created for other topics. Members can participate in the group by adding messages and replying using the same interface as used for creating a custom web page. Alternatively, an e-mail can be sent to the group's e-mail address and the message will appear on the General message | 17,484 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
board. To reduce spam only e-mails from members can be sent. So, even if a member from a group sends a message he or she will need to use the e-mail address specified in their profile. Some groups discourage members from disclosing their e-mail address due to spoofing. The group may have certain guidelines to tell members not to have their e-mail on display in their profile. There is also a separate e-mail address which can be used to contact administrators only.
- All groups are expected to comply with MSN's, and have various guidelines for membership of the individual groups. Members who do not comply with group rules may have their membership cancelled or be permanently banned. MSN provides | 17,485 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
a Contact Form to report abuse.
- Documents folders are for storage and can be made accessible to members or just administrators but not non-members. In adding a file to a documents folder this contributes to the member's storage limit. A photo album can also be created for storing photos and images for the site. These images can be put on a custom web page and on the message boards. Adding images also contributes to the storage limit. Uploading images and documents requires the ActiveX control to be installed. The storage limit is 3 MB across all groups and can be upgraded to 30 MB if the person upgrades to MSN Hotmail Plus (fee). However, on MSN Spaces an unlimited amount of images can be | 17,486 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
added without the need of paying. So, images can be hotlinked as they are on the MSN domain.
- Organizing events for the group can be done by using the Calendar page. This embeds the calendar as used in MSN Hotmail. Depending on the settings members may be able to contribute to it. Special pages can also be created for lists and links. Again, depending on the settings members may or may not be able to add it.
- If a group is placed in a specific category (such as Xbox or MSN Messenger) then a theme is automatically applied. Instead of the default violet-colored bar at the top it will be a themed bar and message boards will contain different colored buttons. Some themes are restricted to groups | 17,487 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
created in the United States, although there is a workaround to pass this restriction.
# Closure.
In October 2008, Microsoft announced the MSN Groups Service would close down on February 21, 2009. Users would still be able to retain their information even with the closure. Users had the option of migrating their data to the social website Multiply, MSN's partner for online groups. MSN Groups would not become Windows Live Groups, as the tools that could be possibly utilized differed from that of the MSN Groups features. Windows Live Groups were not being launched as or marketed as a replacement for MSN Groups. MSN groups were decommissioned as part of the dismantling of the services side of | 17,488 |
1402491 | MSN Groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MSN%20Groups | MSN Groups
lacement for MSN Groups. MSN groups were decommissioned as part of the dismantling of the services side of MSN. The only official option Groups were given was the opportunity to migrate to Multiply. Windows Live Groups were integrated into Windows Live Messenger and Windows Live Spaces and do not have the capacity to accommodate the large memberships of MSN groups.
In 2012, those who migrated their groups to Multiply were informed that the site was switching focus to e-commerce and would no longer host personal websites.
# See also.
- Yahoo! Groups
- Google Groups
- GroupSpaces
- Windows Live Groups
# External links.
- MSN Groups Homepage (now a closure statement)
- Multiply Closing | 17,489 |
1402435 | Makronisos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makronisos | Makronisos
Makronisos
Makronisos (, lit. "Long Island"), or Makronisi, is an island in the Aegean sea, in Greece, notorious as the site of a political prison from the 1940s to the 1970s. It is located close to the coast of Attica, facing the port of Lavrio. The island has an elongated shape, north to south, around east to west, and its terrain is arid and rocky. It is the largest uninhabited Greek island.
It is part of the Kea-Kythnos regional unit and in the municipality of Kea.
# History.
In ancient times the island was called Helena (), and was situated so as to protect the harbours of Thoricus and Sunium. It was also called Macris (Μάκρις), from its length. Strabo describes it as 60 stadia in length; | 17,490 |
1402435 | Makronisos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makronisos | Makronisos
but its real length is seven geographical miles (12 km). It was uninhabited in antiquity, as it is at the present day; and it was probably only used then for the pasture of cattle. Both Strabo and Pausanias derive its name from Helen of Troy, the wife of Menelaus: the latter writer supposes that it was so called because Helen landed here after the capture of Troy; but Strabo identifies it with the Homeric Cranae, to which Paris fled with Helen, and supposes that its name was hence changed into Helena. There cannot, however, be any doubt that the Homeric Cranaë was opposite Gythium in Laconia.
The Kea Channel between Makronisos and neighbouring Kea was the site of the sinking, in 1916, of HMHS | 17,491 |
1402435 | Makronisos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makronisos | Makronisos
"Britannic", sister ship of the RMS "Titanic".
## Prison camp.
Makronisos was used as a military prison island from the time of the Greek Civil War until the restoration of democracy, following the collapse of the Regime of the Colonels in 1974. Because of its history, it is considered as a monument of the civil war era; therefore the island and the original structures on it are protected from alteration.
Among the prisoners of Makronisos were Apostolos Santas, Nikos Koundouros, Mikis Theodorakis, Leonidas Kyrkos and Thanasis Vengos.
# Films.
- "Le Nouveau Parthénon" (1975) by Kostas Chronopoulos and Giogos Chryssovitsianos.
- "Happy Day" (1976) by Pantelís Voúlgaris.
- "Makronissos" | 17,492 |
1402435 | Makronisos | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Makronisos | Makronisos
from alteration.
Among the prisoners of Makronisos were Apostolos Santas, Nikos Koundouros, Mikis Theodorakis, Leonidas Kyrkos and Thanasis Vengos.
# Films.
- "Le Nouveau Parthénon" (1975) by Kostas Chronopoulos and Giogos Chryssovitsianos.
- "Happy Day" (1976) by Pantelís Voúlgaris.
- "Makronissos" (2008), by Ilias Giannakakis and Evi Karabatsou.
- "Like Stone lions at the gateway into night" (2012), by Olivier Zuchuat
# References.
- Hamilakis, Yannis, "The Other 'Parthenon': Antiquity and National Memory at Makronisos", "Journal of Modern Greek Studies" 20:2 (October 2002), pp. 307–338.
# External links.
- Segeln bei Makronisos
- http://www.abettergreece.com/Makronissos_en.html | 17,493 |
1402463 | Hydroinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroinformatics | Hydroinformatics
Hydroinformatics
Hydroinformatics is a branch of informatics which concentrates on the application of information and communications technologies (ICTs) in addressing the increasingly serious problems of the equitable and efficient use of water for many different purposes. Growing out of the earlier discipline of computational hydraulics, the numerical simulation of water flows and related processes remains a mainstay of hydroinformatics, which encourages a focus not only on the technology but on its application in a social context.
On the technical side, in addition to computational hydraulics, hydroinformatics has a strong interest in the use of techniques originating in the so-called artificial | 17,494 |
1402463 | Hydroinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroinformatics | Hydroinformatics
intelligence community, such as artificial neural networks or recently support vector machines and genetic programming. These might be used with large collections of observed data for the purpose of data mining for knowledge discovery, or with data generated from an existing, physically based model in order to generate a computationally efficient emulator of that model for some purpose.
Hydroinformatics recognises the inherently social nature of the problems of water management and of decision making processes, and strives to understand the social processes by which technologies are brought into use. Since the problems of water management are most severe in the majority world, while the resources | 17,495 |
1402463 | Hydroinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroinformatics | Hydroinformatics
to obtain and develop technological solutions are concentrated in the hands of the minority, the need to examine these social processes are particularly acute.
Hydroinformatics draws on and integrates hydraulics, hydrology, environmental engineering and many other disciplines. It sees application at all points in the water cycle from atmosphere to ocean, and in artificial interventions in that cycle such as urban drainage and water supply systems. It provides support for decision making at all levels from governance and policy through management to operations.
Hydroinformatics has a growing world-wide community of researchers and practitioners, and postgraduate programmes in Hydroinformatics | 17,496 |
1402463 | Hydroinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroinformatics | Hydroinformatics
are offered by many leading institutions. The Journal of Hydroinformatics provides a specific outlet for Hydroinformatics research, and the community gathers to exchange ideas at the biennial conferences. These activities are coordinated by the joint IAHR, IWA, IAHS Hydroinformatics Section.
There is a growing need for professionals and managers to appreciate and work with these new technologies and tools.
# External links.
- Hydroinformatics Lab at the University of Iowa - Research and Community Platform.
- IHE Delft MSc / PhD in Hydroinformatics.
- EuroAquae - European master course of Hydroinformatics and Water Management.
- Hydroinformatics MSc at Newcastle University.
- The Consortium | 17,497 |
1402463 | Hydroinformatics | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hydroinformatics | Hydroinformatics
oinformatics research, and the community gathers to exchange ideas at the biennial conferences. These activities are coordinated by the joint IAHR, IWA, IAHS Hydroinformatics Section.
There is a growing need for professionals and managers to appreciate and work with these new technologies and tools.
# External links.
- Hydroinformatics Lab at the University of Iowa - Research and Community Platform.
- IHE Delft MSc / PhD in Hydroinformatics.
- EuroAquae - European master course of Hydroinformatics and Water Management.
- Hydroinformatics MSc at Newcastle University.
- The Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc. (CUAHSI) Hydrologic Information System. | 17,498 |
1402490 | Arrival and Departure | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Arrival%20and%20Departure | Arrival and Departure
Arrival and Departure
Arrival and Departure (1943) is the third novel of Arthur Koestler's trilogy concerning the conflict between morality and expedience (as described in the postscript to the novel's 1966 Danube Edition). The first volume, "The Gladiators", is about the subversion of the Spartacus revolt, and the second, "Darkness at Noon", is the celebrated novel about the Soviet Show trials. "Arrival and Departure" was Koestler's first full-length work in English, "The Gladiators" and "Darkness at Noon" were originally written in German. It is often considered to be the weakest of the three. Reviewing the novel in December 1943 George Orwell called it notable "for what must be one of the | 17,499 |
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