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906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
Shar (Forgotten Realms)
Shar ( ), also known as "Mistress of the Night", "Nightsinger", "Lady of Loss", or "The Darkness", is a fictional deity in the "Dungeons & Dragons" Forgotten Realms campaign setting. She is the evil counterpart to her twin sister Selûne, and presides over caverns, dark, ... | 19,400 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
border. Her divine realm in 2nd edition was the Palace of Loss on the Gray Waste; in 3rd edition the Palace of Loss was in the Plane of Shadow, and in 4th edition her realm is the Towers of Night.
# Publication history.
Ed Greenwood created Shar for his home "Dungeons & Dragons" game, set in G... | 19,401 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
goddess from the plane of Hades. According to this article, Shar "is said to be darkly beautiful. She is often worshipped by those made bitter by the loss of a loved one; in her dark embrace all forget, and although they forever feel loss, they become used to such pain until they consider it the... | 19,402 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
with Myrkul." Shar is commonly worshipped by neutral evil thieves and clerics.
Shar later officially appeared as one of the major deities for the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, in the "Forgotten Realms Campaign Set"s "Cyclopedia of the Realms" booklet (1987).
## "Advanced Dungeons & Dragon... | 19,403 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
was described in "On Hallowed Ground" (1996).
Shar's role in the ancient history of the Realms is described in "" (1996).
Her relationships with the nonhuman deities in the Forgotten Realms was covered in "Demihuman Deities" (1998).
## "Dungeons & Dragons" 3rd edition (2000–2007).
Shar appea... | 19,404 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
the cataclysmic events that led to the changes between the 3rd and 4th editions in the Forgotten Realms. Shar supplied Cyric with the power to finally slay Mystra in the hopes that both the Weave and the Shadow Weave would come under Shar's control. The plan backfired, as Mystra's death caused "... | 19,405 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
is still her sister, Selune.
## "Dungeons & Dragons" 5th edition (2014–).
In the 5th edition of the "Player's Handbook", Shar appears as part of the core pantheon of the Forgotten Realms setting and her suggested domains for clerics are death and trickery. She is more detailed in "Sword Coast ... | 19,406 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
who fled into the shadow plane before Karsus's folly). Shar holds power over all who use the Shadow Weave, a creation that has made her the eternal enemy of the goddess of magic Mystra. A terrible war brews between the two powerful deities. Shar's agents work to murder Selune's avatars whenever ... | 19,407 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
a priest of Shar has to have killed a priest of Selûne.
- Shar's secretive monastic order is referred to as the "Order of the Dark Moon". They tap into the Shadow Weave through their powers of sorcery.
- The Avatars of Shar, or the "Nightbringers" are the elite Sharran forces. They are spirits... | 19,408 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
of Forgotten Realms campaigns
- Unusual among other orders in the Church, the "Darkcloaks" were actually a compassionate group of oracles and care-givers who tended to those troubled souls who were emotionally damaged, often bringing the bliss of forgetfulness to soothe their pain. Their work d... | 19,409 |
906262 | Shar (Forgotten Realms) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shar%20(Forgotten%20Realms) | Shar (Forgotten Realms)
". It is about the worshippers of Shar.
- In the computer game "Baldur's Gate", a drow cleric named Viconia DeVir is a priestess of Shar. The character can join the party. Viconia also can join the party in the computer game "". She follows Shar as her personal deity after she renounced Lolth a... | 19,410 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
Lapsed Catholic
A lapsed Catholic is a baptized Catholic who is non-practicing. Such a person may still identify as a Catholic and remains a Catholic according to canon law.
# Interpretations.
The Merriam-Webster Dictionary definition of "lapsed" in relation to "lapsed Catholic" is "no longer believi... | 19,411 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
of practice of the Catholic religion rather than with rejection of its doctrine. Thus the Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary defines "lapsed", again in relation to "lapsed Catholic", as "no longer involved in an activity or organization", and the Oxford Dictionary speaks only of "no longer followin... | 19,412 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
teaching on membership in the Church.
According to Catholic belief, baptism "seals the Christian with the indelible spiritual mark of belonging to Christ. No sin can erase this mark, even if sin prevents baptism from bearing the fruits of salvation."
Even the form of censure known as excommunication d... | 19,413 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
repent and return to active participation in its life.
# History.
In the time of the persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire, many Christians, including clergy and even some bishops, were referred to as the "lapsi" (those who had slipped and fell) as opposed to the "stantes" (those who stood fir... | 19,414 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
of defection from the Catholic Church" was recognised in the Code of Canon Law, making defectors ineligible for the privileges of membership of the Church, such as marrying in church. This form of defection was removed from the Code in 2009, and it was no longer possible to defect formally from the Cath... | 19,415 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
an apostate, a heretic or a schismatic is automatically excommunicated, and, until the excommunication is lifted, is forbidden to have any ministerial part in the celebration of Mass or other worship ceremonies, to celebrate or receive the sacraments or to exercise any Church functions. This is an oblig... | 19,416 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
faith, a priest needs the permission of the ordinary and the same promises required by spouses in mixed marriages are also required. The Code of Canon Law lays down no particular penalty for a lapsing that consists of failure to fulfill the obligations to attend Sunday Mass and to receive Communion duri... | 19,417 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
Easter Only), CAPE Catholics (Christmas, Ash [Wednesday], Palm [Sunday], Easter), PACE Catholics (Palm [Sunday], Ash [Wednesday], Christmas, Easter), CASE Catholics (Christmas and Sometimes Easter), CMEs (Christmas, Mother's Day and Easter), or A&P Catholics (for Ash Wednesday and Palm Sunday).
"Cultur... | 19,418 |
906281 | Lapsed Catholic | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lapsed%20Catholic | Lapsed Catholic
(Christmas and Sometimes Easter), CMEs (Christmas, Mother's Day and Easter), or A&P Catholics (for Ash Wednesday and Palm Sunday).
"Cultural Catholic" is also used to refer to a non-religious member of a historically Catholic ethnic group, such as Austrian, Belgian, Bavarians, Croat, French, French Can... | 19,419 |
906308 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20individual%20medley | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley
The men's 400 metre individual medley event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on A... | 19,420 |
906308 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20individual%20medley | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre individual medley
s contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 14.
U.S. swimmer Michael Phelps broke a new world record of 4:08.26 to claim his first ever Olympic gold medal. Phelps' teammate Erik Vendt... | 19,421 |
906321 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%204%20×%20100%20metre%20freestyle%20relay | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
The men's 4×100 metre freestyle relay took place on 15 August at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece.
The South African te... | 19,422 |
906321 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%204%20×%20100%20metre%20freestyle%20relay | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 4 × 100 metre freestyle relay
team (Roland Mark Schoeman, Lyndon Ferns, Darian Townsend, and Ryk Neethling) set a new world record of 3:13.17 to solidify their country's triumph with a gold medal in the event. Defending Olympic champion Pieter van den Hoogenband swam a faste... | 19,423 |
906303 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20freestyle | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
The men's 400 metre freestyle event at the 2004 Olympic Games was contested at the Olympic Aquatic Centre of the Athens Olympic Sports Complex in Athens, Greece on August 14.
Australia's I... | 19,424 |
906303 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20freestyle | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
Larsen Jensen finished outside the medals in fourth place, but came home in a lifetime best of 3:46.08, holding off Italy's Massimiliano Rosolino by 0.17 seconds.
# Records.
Prior to this competition, the existing world and Olympic records were as follo... | 19,425 |
906303 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20freestyle | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
of selecting the first and second place getters, with Prime Minister of Australia John Howard describing the situation as a "tragedy". Despite the intense media spotlight, Thorpe managed to win the 100 m and 200 m freestyle events in times of 48.83s and 1... | 19,426 |
906303 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20freestyle | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
coupled with the media pressure, resulted in speculation that he was vulnerable to Hackett in the 400 m event. Thorpe safely qualified for the 400 m final behind Hackett in the heats.
# Results.
## Final.
There was a slow start in the final, with Thorp... | 19,427 |
906303 | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Swimming%20at%20the%202004%20Summer%20Olympics%20–%20Men's%20400%20metre%20freestyle | Swimming at the 2004 Summer Olympics – Men's 400 metre freestyle
performance at irregular pace, Thorpe was passed by Klete Keller by the 150 m mark before accelerating again to reclaim the lead by the 200 m mark. Thorpe kept Hackett and Keller at around half a body length up to the 300 m mark, before breaking to a body... | 19,428 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Battle of Cedar Creek
The Battle of Cedar Creek, or Battle of Belle Grove, fought October 19, 1864, was the culminating battle of the Valley Campaigns of 1864 during the American Civil War. Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early launched a surprise attack against the encamped army of Union Maj. Gen. Ph... | 19,429 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
that afternoon routed Early's army.
At the conclusion of this battle, the final Confederate invasion of the North was effectively ended. The Confederacy was never again able to threaten Washington, D.C. through the Shenandoah Valley, nor protect one of its key economic bases in Virginia. The stun... | 19,430 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Maj. Gen. William Tecumseh Sherman in command of most of the western armies. Grant understood the concept of total war and believed, along with Sherman and President Lincoln, that only the utter defeat of Confederate forces and their economic base would bring an end to the war. Therefore, scorched... | 19,431 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
final coordinated offensive was to be conducted by Maj. Gen. Franz Sigel through the Shenandoah Valley. During the Civil War, the Valley was one of the most important geographic features of Virginia. The watershed of the Shenandoah River passed between the Blue Ridge Mountains on the east and the ... | 19,432 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
of the Shenandoah River, Massanutten Mountain soared and separated the Valley into two halves for about , from Strasburg to Harrisonburg. During the 19th century, there was but a single road that crossed over the mountain, from New Market to Luray.
The Valley offered two strategic advantages to t... | 19,433 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
route taken by Lee to invade the North in the Gettysburg Campaign of 1863. In contrast, the orientation of the Valley offered little advantage to a Northern army headed toward Richmond. But denying the Valley to the Confederacy would be a significant blow. It was an agriculturally rich area—the 2.... | 19,434 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
of the Valley has been overstated. The Union wanted to control it to close the invasion route to the North and to deny the use of its supplies to guerrillas operating in the area. If the Federals could capture Staunton in the upper Valley, they would threaten the vital Virginia and Tennessee Railr... | 19,435 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
to Strasburg and was replaced by Maj. Gen. David Hunter. Hunter resumed the Union offensive and defeated Brig. Gen. William E. "Grumble" Jones, who was killed in the Battle of Piedmont on June 6. Hunter occupied Staunton and joined with Brig. Gen. George Crook. His force of 20,000 men, ordered by ... | 19,436 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
to menace Washington, D.C., hoping to compel Grant to dilute his forces around Petersburg. Early was operating in the shadow of Thomas J. "Stonewall" Jackson, whose 1862 Valley Campaign against superior forces was fabled in Confederate history.
Early got off to a good start. He drove down the Val... | 19,437 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
of the defenses of Washington. Early attempted some tentative attacks against Fort Stevens (July 11–12) on the northern outskirts of Washington, but then withdrew to Virginia. A number of small battles ensued as the Union pursued, including the defeat of Crook at the Second Battle of Kernstown on ... | 19,438 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
for the position, but Lincoln vetoed that because Radicals had launched a major political attack on Meade. Grant's next choice was a man aggressive enough to defeat Early: Philip Sheridan, the cavalry commander of the Army of the Potomac. Sheridan took command of all forces in West Virginia, weste... | 19,439 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
battles between Sheridan and Early, the Confederates became complacent about the threat. Robert E. Lee ordered Maj. Gen. Joseph B. Kershaw's division to return to Richmond on September 16. Sheridan reacted immediately and struck Early with his entire force near Winchester, on September 19. The Bat... | 19,440 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
again routing the Confederates, who retreated to Waynesboro.
With Early damaged and pinned down, the Valley lay open to the Union. And because of Sherman's capture of Atlanta, Lincoln's re-election now seemed assured. Sheridan pulled back slowly down the Valley and conducted a scorched earth camp... | 19,441 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Port Republic, Staunton and Waynesboro. Early was reinforced by the return of Kershaw's division and the arrival of Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Rosser's cavalry division. As Sheridan began to withdraw down the Valley and Early began to pursue, Union cavalry defeated Rosser at Tom's Brook on October 9. The... | 19,442 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
deployed in battle formation, and began shelling Federal camps around Belle Grove plantation. Col. Joseph Thoburn's Union division moved forward to silence the guns and engaged in a sharp fight with Kershaw's division, resulting in 209 Union casualties, 182 Confederate. Sheridan recalled Wright's ... | 19,443 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
implying that Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's corps might join him from Petersburg. This was disinformation on Early's part, hoping that it would induce the Federals to withdraw down the Valley, but instead Sheridan brought all of his forces back to the camps along Cedar Creek.
In a letter of October... | 19,444 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
of his subordinate commands to provide for its own security, using pickets deployed well forward of their camps. General Crook's army was not accustomed to that practice and discounted Sheridan's guidance, leaving the Union left more vulnerable. Early's choice was either to retire from the area to... | 19,445 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
conference. Maj. Gen. Horatio G. Wright was in temporary command of the Army of the Shenandoah.
# Opposing forces.
## Union.
Sheridan's Army of the Shenandoah consisted of 31,610 men (effectives) and 90 artillery pieces, organized as follows:
- The VI Corps, commanded by Maj. Gen. Horatio G. W... | 19,446 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Cuvier Grover.
- The Army of West Virginia (sometimes referred to as the VIII Corps), commanded by Brig. Gen. George Crook, included the divisions of Cols. Thomas M. Harris (breveted to Brig. Gen. for his actions at Cedar Creek), Joseph Thoburn, Rutherford B. Hayes (elected President 12 years lat... | 19,447 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
consisted of 21,102 men (effectives) and more than 40 artillery pieces, organized as follows:
- Ramseur's Division, commanded by Maj. Gen. Stephen D. Ramseur, included the brigades of Brig. Gens. Cullen A. Battle, Bryan Grimes, Philip Cook, and William Ruffin Cox.
- Kershaw's Division, commanded... | 19,448 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Gen. John B. Gordon, included the brigades of Col. Edmund N. Atkinson ("Evan's Brigade"), Col. William R. Peck ("York's Brigade"), and Brig. Gen. William Terry. During the battle, Gordon commanded a column of three divisions and his own division was commanded by Brig. Gen. Clement A. Evans.
- Wha... | 19,449 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Henry B. Davidson ("Jackson's Brigade").
- Rosser's (Fitz Lee's) Cavalry Division, commanded by Maj. Gen. Thomas L. Rosser, included the brigades of Brig. Gens. Williams C. Wickham and William H. F. Payne, and Col. Oliver R. Funston, Jr. ("Rosser's Brigade").
# Battle.
## Confederate attacks.
... | 19,450 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
required single file passage in places, and did not support the movement of artillery. The columns of Wharton and Kershaw departed at about 1 a.m. on October 19, and all three columns of infantry were in position by 3:30 a.m. Rosser's cavalry prepared to advance along the western side of the valle... | 19,451 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Road to cut off any Union withdrawal in the area of Newtown (current Stephens City).
Surprise was virtually complete and most of the Army of West Virginia troops were caught unprepared in their camps. The Confederates' quiet approach was aided by the presence of heavy fog. Kershaw's Division atta... | 19,452 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
by Capt. Henry A. du Pont, acting chief of Crook's artillery, saved nine of his sixteen cannons while he kept them in action, stalling the Confederate advance, eventually establishing a rallying point for the Union north of Middletown. (Du Pont later received the Medal of Honor and a brevet promot... | 19,453 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
brigade of Crook's army was ordered by Emory to stop its withdrawal, turn around, and attack the advancing Confederates to buy more time for reorienting the Union lines. General Wright accompanied Wildes and received a painful wound to his chin. The XIX Corps brigade of Col. Stephen Thomas made a ... | 19,454 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
VI Corps were able to establish proper defensive lines. Kiefer's division aligned itself with Cedar Creek, but as retreating XIX Corps soldiers flowed through, they were unable to hold their position and withdrew to just west of Meadow Brook. Elements of McMillan's division and Merritt's cavalry e... | 19,455 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
cemetery. Getty had originally marched his division toward the sound of battle, but when Wheaton withdrew, his men were unsupported. Briefly defending a slight rise south of Middletown, at 8 a.m. he moved his division to the town cemetery, on a hill to the west. For over an hour, Getty's division ... | 19,456 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
to withdraw to the main Federal line, now being formed about a mile to the north, by temporary commander Brig. Gen. Lewis A. Grant. (The VI Corps' temporary commander, Brig. Gen. James B. Ricketts, had been wounded and Getty assumed corps command.)
## Sheridan's Ride.
Sheridan was at Winchester ... | 19,457 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
ate a quick breakfast. At 9 a.m. he departed with three staff officers, and soon he was joined by a 300-man cavalry escort, and with them he rode aggressively to his command. He noticed that the sounds of battle were increasing in volume quickly, so he inferred that his army was retreating in his ... | 19,458 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
the Union soldiers and he shouted, "Come on back, boys! Give 'em hell, God damn 'em! We'll make coffee out of Cedar Creek tonight!"
General Sheridan wrote in his official report an account of the famous ride:
Thomas Buchanan Read wrote a popular poem, "Sheridan's Ride", to commemorate Sheridan's... | 19,459 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
and exhausted and fell out of their ranks to pillage supplies from the Union camps. By 10 a.m., Jubal Early had developed a stunning Confederate victory, capturing 1,300 Union prisoners and 24 cannons, and driving seven infantry divisions off the field with a smaller force. But rather than exploit... | 19,460 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
me." Early wrote to Robert E. Lee, "So many of our men had stopped in the camp to plunder (in which I am sorry to say that officers participated), the country was so open, and the enemy's cavalry so strong, that I did not deem it prudent to press further, especially as Lomax had not come up." The ... | 19,461 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Union counterattack.
Sheridan's boast about making coffee from Cedar Creek that evening meant that he was immediately contemplating a counterattack. He placed a cavalry division on each end of the line, which was made up of Wright's VI Corps and Emory's XIX Corps. Crook's Army of West Virginia wa... | 19,462 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
raced into the Confederate rear. Many of the Confederate soldiers panicked as they envisioned their escape route across Cedar Creek being blocked by the Federal cavalrymen who had been so successful during the campaign. After the breakthrough on the Union right, Sheridan stepped up the pressure wi... | 19,463 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Early's army was forced to abandon all of the captured Union guns and wagons from the morning attack, as well as most of its own. Sheridan's pursuit ended at nightfall. The retreating Confederate soldiers gathered temporarily on Fisher's Hill and then the army retired the following day to New Mark... | 19,464 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
generals were killed at Cedar Creek: Daniel D. Bidwell and Charles R. Lowell, Jr.
## Outcome.
The battle was a crushing defeat for the Confederates. They were never again able to threaten the northern states through the Shenandoah Valley, nor protect the economic base in the Valley. In fact, Ear... | 19,465 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
occurred because, "the Yankees got whipped and we got scared". But he soon became bitter about his defeat, heaping blame on his soldiers. He wrote to Robert E. Lee, "but for "their" bad conduct "I" should have defeated Sheridan's whole force." Three days after the battle he addressed his army: "Ma... | 19,466 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
that December. He was left for the winter with a command of fewer than 3,000 men at Waynesboro. On March 2, 1865, Sheridan marched his command to join Grant in Petersburg and Custer's cavalry division routed Early's small command along the way. Early escaped with a small escort and spent the next ... | 19,467 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
the Cedar Creek Battlefield are preserved as part of the Cedar Creek and Belle Grove National Historical Park, a partnership park, with much of the land owned by nonprofit preservation groups, including the National Trust for Historic Preservation, the Shenandoah Valley Battlefields Foundation, Be... | 19,468 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
land has been acquired by the National Park Service and incorporated into the park. The left flank of the Union counterattack took place at Thorndale Farm.
In May 2008, the Frederick County Board of Supervisors voted to allow Carmeuse Lime and Stone to expand its existing operation on the Cedar C... | 19,469 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
actions in the battle are commemorated by a large wall-sized painting in the Cedar Creek Room on the second floor of the Vermont State House in Montpelier, entitled "The Battle of Cedar Creek". The painting is by Julian Scott, a Vermont soldier awarded the Medal of Honor for valor. In 1997, propos... | 19,470 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Troop engagements of the American Civil War, 1864
- List of costliest American Civil War land battles
- Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 1864
- Armies in the American Civil War
- Commemoration of the American Civil War
- Commemoration of the American Civil War on postage stamps
# References.
- B... | 19,471 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
DE: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers, 2005. .
- Cullen, Joseph P. "Cedar Creek". In "Battle Chronicles of the Civil War: 1864", edited by James M. McPherson. Lakeville, CT: Grey Castle Press, 1989. . First published in 1989 by McMillan.
- Eicher, David J. "The Longest Night: A Military History of... | 19,472 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. .
- Lewis, Thomas A. "The Guns of Cedar Creek". New York: Harper and Row, 1988. .
- Patchan, Scott C. "The Battle Of Cedar Creek, October 19, 1864". "Blue & Gray Magazine" XXIV, no. 1 (2007).
- Salmon, John S. "The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefi... | 19,473 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Tour". rev. ed., Middletown, VA: Cedar Creek Battlefield Foundation, 2006. First published as "The Battle of Cedar Creek: Self-Guided Tour". Washington, DC: United States Army Center of Military History, 1992. .
- National Park Service battle description
- CWSAC Report Update
## Memoirs and pri... | 19,474 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
Records of the Union and Confederate Armies". Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1880–1901.
# Further reading.
- Lewis, Thomas A., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. "The Shenandoah in Flames: The Valley Campaign of 1864". Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1987. .
- Mahr, Theodore... | 19,475 |
906255 | Battle of Cedar Creek | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Battle%20of%20Cedar%20Creek | Battle of Cedar Creek
07. .
- Spaulding, Brett W. "Last Chance for Victory: Jubal Early's 1864 Maryland Invasion". Gettysburg, PA: Thomas Publications, 2010. .
- Wittenberg, Eric J. "Little Phil: A Reassessment of the Civil War Leadership of Gen. Philip H. Sheridan". Washington, DC: Potomac Books, 2002. .
# External... | 19,476 |
906328 | Jeffrey W. Greenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey%20W.%20Greenberg | Jeffrey W. Greenberg
Jeffrey W. Greenberg
Jeffrey Wayne Greenberg (born 1951) is an American lawyer and business executive who served as chairman and CEO of Marsh & McLennan Companies from 1999 to 2004.
# Early life and education.
Greenberg is the son of Corinne Phyllis Zuckerman and Maurice R. Greenberg, the former... | 19,477 |
906328 | Jeffrey W. Greenberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jeffrey%20W.%20Greenberg | Jeffrey W. Greenberg
as CEO of Marsh & McLennan after the firm was charged with rigging, and as part of a lucrative kickback scheme, "stifling competition" according to New York State Attorney General Eliot Spitzer.
He is currently chairman of the private equity firm he founded, Aquiline Holdings.
Greenberg is a memb... | 19,478 |
906325 | Anacyclus pyrethrum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anacyclus%20pyrethrum | Anacyclus pyrethrum
Anacyclus pyrethrum
Anacyclus pyrethrum (pellitory, Spanish chamomile, or Mount Atlas daisy or Akarkara) is a perennial herb much like chamomile in habitat and appearance. It is in a different family (Asteraceae) from the plants known as pellitory-of-the-wall ("Parietaria officinalis") and spreadin... | 19,479 |
906325 | Anacyclus pyrethrum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anacyclus%20pyrethrum | Anacyclus pyrethrum
binomial name stems from the Ancient Greek name for the plant, πύρεθρον, whereas the pyrethrins are named after Pyrethrum, used more recently for several plants of the genus "Chrysanthemum", some of which do contain pyrethrins.
Ayurveda (the ancient Indian medicine system) and Siddha (the medicine ... | 19,480 |
906325 | Anacyclus pyrethrum | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Anacyclus%20pyrethrum | Anacyclus pyrethrum
aaram (Tamil: அக்கரகாரம்). An oil is prepared by a method known as pit extraction (Tamil: குழி எண்ணெய்).
Extracts of "Anacyclus pyrethrum" have anabolic activity in mice and also increase testosterone in the animal model.
# Cultivation.
"Anacyclus pyrethrum" var. "depressus" (sometimes considered... | 19,481 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Lois Maxwell
Lois Ruth Maxwell (born Hooker; 14 February 1927 – 29 September 2007) was a Canadian actress, best known for her portrayal of Miss Moneypenny in all the first fourteen Eon-produced "James Bond" films (1962–1985). She was the first actress to play the part. The films in which she played Miss M... | 19,482 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
(1985). She did not appear in the 1954 and 1967 adaptations of "Casino Royale", nor in the 1983 remake of "Thunderball", "Never Say Never Again", as the production was not Eon's, though she did, as a similar character, in the spoof "O.K. Connery".
She began her film career in the late 1940s, and won the G... | 19,483 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
and the UK. In 2001, she was diagnosed with bowel cancer and moved to Western Australia, where she lived with her son until her death at age 80 in 2007.
# Life and career.
## Early life.
Born in Kitchener, Ontario, to a nurse mother and a teacher father, Maxwell was raised in Toronto and attended Lawren... | 19,484 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
to release men for combat duties. CWAC personnel were secretaries, vehicle drivers, and mechanics, who performed every conceivable noncombat duty. Maxwell quickly became part of the Army Show in Canada. Later, as part of the Canadian Auxiliary Services Entertainment Unit, she was posted to the United Kingd... | 19,485 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Hollywood at the age of 20, Maxwell won the actress Golden Globe Award for Most Promising Newcomer for her role in the Shirley Temple comedy "That Hagen Girl" (1947). In 1949, she participated in a "Life" magazine photo layout, in which she posed with another up-and-coming actress, Marilyn Monroe. It was a... | 19,486 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Italian films was an adaptation of the opera "Aida" (1953), in which Maxwell played a leading role, lip-synching to another woman's vocals and appearing in several scenes with the still unknown Sophia Loren.
While visiting Paris, she met her future husband, TV executive Peter Marriott. They married in 195... | 19,487 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
"The Saint", in which she played the part of Helen Allardyce in the episode "Interlude in Venice", and The Persuaders, both of which she appeared in alongside the future James Bond, Roger Moore.
She provided the voice of Atlanta for the Supermarionation science-fiction children's series "Stingray" and was... | 19,488 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
1965), as an insurance investigator.
### Role as Miss Moneypenny.
Maxwell lobbied for a role in the James Bond film "Dr. No" (1962), since her husband had suffered a heart attack and they needed the money. Director Terence Young, who had once turned her down on the grounds that she "looked like she smell... | 19,489 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Connery's brother, Neil, and Bernard Lee (who played M). The same year, she portrayed Moneypenny in a made-for-TV special, "Welcome to Japan, Mr. Bond", in which she co-starred with Kate O'Mara and Desmond Llewelyn.
In 1971, the role of Moneypenny was nearly recast after Maxwell demanded a pay raise for "... | 19,490 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
rather last-minute rewrite designed to include the character, as the producers felt it important to incorporate the regular character and actress Lois Maxwell. Maxwell and Connery filmed their lines separately and were not present together for the short scene However, she stayed on as Moneypenny when her f... | 19,491 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
from "Dr. No" who had not yet left the series. Maxwell asked that Moneypenny be killed off, but Broccoli recast the role, instead.
According to author Tom Lisanti, Maxwell's Moneypenny was seen as an "anchor", and her flirtatious relationship with Bond provided the films with dramatic realism and humanism... | 19,492 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
where she wrote a column for the "Toronto Sun" under the pseudonym "Miss Moneypenny" and became a businesswoman working in the textile industry. In 1994, she returned to the UK once again to be nearer to her daughter Daphne, retiring to a cottage in Frome, Somerset. A plaque has been placed on her home the... | 19,493 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
she was wonderful to be with and was absolutely perfect casting [...] It was a great pity that, after I moved out of Bond, they didn't take her on to continue in the Timothy Dalton films. I think it was a great disappointment to her that she had not been promoted to play M. She would have been a wonderful ... | 19,494 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Doctor's Diary" (1949) as Jane Darrin
- "Kazan" (1949) as Louise Maitlin
- "Tomorrow Is Too Late" (1950) as Signorina Anna
- "Love and Poison" (1950) as Queen Christina
- "Brief Rapture" (1951) as Erika
- "The Woman's Angle" (1952) as Enid Mansell
- "Viva il cinema!" (1952)
- "Ha da venì... don Calo... | 19,495 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
Blake
- "Time Without Pity" (1957) as Vickie Harker
- "Kill Me Tomorrow" (1957) as Jill Brook
- "Face of Fire" (1959) as Ethel Winter
- "The Unstoppable Man" (1961) as Helen Kennedy
- "Lolita" (1962) as Nurse Mary Lore
- "Dr. No" (1962) as Miss Moneypenny
- "Come Fly with Me" (1963) as Gwen Sandley
... | 19,496 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
"Diamonds Are Forever" (1971) as Miss Moneypenny
- "Endless Night" (1972) as Cora Walker Brown
- "Live and Let Die" (1973) as Miss Moneypenny
- "The Man with the Golden Gun" (1974) as Miss Moneypenny
- "From Hong Kong with Love" (1975) as Miss Moneypenny
- "Age of Innocence" (1977) as Mrs. Hogarth
- ... | 19,497 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
"The Fourth Angel" (2001) as Olivia (final film role)
# Television.
- "Danger Man" (1960) as Sandi Lewis
- "": "The Room Upstairs" (1961) as Esther Hollis
- "Zero One" (1962) as Miss. Smith
- "The Avengers" - episode - The Little Wonders (1964) as Sister Johnson
- "Ghost Squad" (1964) as Elizabeth Cr... | 19,498 |
906297 | Lois Maxwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lois%20Maxwell | Lois Maxwell
in Rainbow Country" (1969-1970) as Nancy Williams
- "Department S" (1970) as Mary Burnham
- "Omnibus" - episode - Ian Fleming Creator of the James Bond Myth (1970) as Herself
- "UFO": "The Cat with Ten Lives" (1970) & "The Man Who Came Back" (1971) as Miss Holland
- "The Persuaders!" (1972) as Louise C... | 19,499 |
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