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420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
IEK
IEK or I.E.K is a Greek abbreviation name for the Ινστιτούτο Επαγγελματικής Κατάρτισης
(Institute of Vocational Training) in Greece, established in 1992 as a type of educational institution specifically to provide adult vocational education and training at the post-secondary level. It is also known as Post–Secondary Institute of Vocational Education and Training (PSIVET), Institute of Vocational Education and Training (IVET), and Institute of Professional Studies (IPS).
# Public and private I.E.K..
Public and private I.E.K. offer postsecondary courses accredited by Ministry of Education (Greek: ΥΠ.Π.Ε.Θ.) and the agency of EOPPEP - National Organization for the Certification of Qualifications | 21,100 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
and Vocational Guidance (Greek: Εθνικός Οργανισμός Πιστοποίησης Προσόντων και Επαγγελματικού Προσανατολισμού - Ε.Ο.Π.Π.Ε.Π.).
There are over 120 regional Public IEK (Greek: ΔΙΕΚ) in the administrative regions of Greece, and also over 50 Private IEK (Greek: IIEK) administrated by EOPPEP entity, recognized by the Ministry of Education. Additionally, they are public IEKs, of Ministry of Tourism at which has hospitality and tourism courses offerings only under its own admission terms, of National Center for Emergency Care (EKAV, Greek: ) , of Ministry of Health , of Workforce Employment Organisation (OAED, Greek: ).
Generally, public IEK operates afternoon starting by 15:00 PM in which is usually | 21,101 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
co-housed and operated at a morning-curriculum school, while laboratory classes can be operated off-school at other professional sites hosting by sponsors, though the existing of such classes is subject of availability. The IEK follows two terms (semesters) per academic calendar year.
# Admission.
The IEK course offerings are adult education, accepts adult-only applicants who have graduated from senior secondary education school "Regulations for Research and other provisions"
"Restructuring of Secondary Education and other provisions". Provisions for the transformation of Upper Secondary Schools of General (GEL) and Vocational (EPAL), Vocational Training Institutes (IEK) and Special Education | 21,102 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
structures. (high school, lyceum, Level 4) or vocational high school or international school equivalent. Admission in the Public IEK is granted on the basis of the senior secondary leaving certificate grade and other criteria include age, the social insurance stamps from applicants with relevant employee experience or self-employed, and criteria on an individual basis will be assessed. At times it is rarely offered a course applicable to underage students accepts applicants who have graduated from gymnasium school (junior secondary education, middle school, Level 3) in which admission in the Public IEK has to be granted on the basis of the gymnasium school leaving certificate grade, a prerequisite | 21,103 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
age in the time the application is submitted, and the rest IEK creteria. All Public IEKs are government-funded have free education, without any payment of tuition fee and it can be attended free, it may have only recommended or required some study materials at student its own cost. The VAT number (ΑΦΜ, registration code for tax purposes) and SSRN (AMKA, Social Security Registration Number) are required from the student.
The Private IEKs are for-profit have an "open enrollment" for applicants who have graduated from senior secondary school, and are typically not selective having non-further admission entry requirements. Adult education, continuing education or lifelong learning is offered to | 21,104 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
students of all ages.
# Qualifications and accreditation.
## Certificate of Vocational Training.
The Certificate of Vocational Training (Greek: Βεβαίωση Επαγγελματικής Εκπαίδευσης) is corresponded to a five semesters full-time programme of vocational education which only certifies the student has attended all mandatory 4 semesters of 1200 hours at a school and has worked practically 960 hours at a work placement as part of curriculum, hence also being known as curricular practicum or 5th semester. The work placement is a paid contract CDD compulsory by law at an employment positioning and can be considered upon graduation or during 3rd or 4th semester.
However, a student who having already | 21,105 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
obtained at least 120 social insurance stamps from working of its study of specialisation, it can to choose the right for exemption from 5th semester. The Certificate of Vocational Training is also known as Certificate of Attendance, Certificate of Completion, Graduate Certificate.
## Diploma of Vocational Education and Training / Accreditation.
If they wish the public or private IEK graduates once have a Certificate of Vocational Training are therefore eligible to take the National Accreditation Examinations (Greek: Εξετάσεις Πιστοποίησης) will be held at EOPPEP examination centers of Attica ("Athens"), Central Macedonia ("Thessaloniki"), Eastern Macedonia and Thrace ("Komotini"), Peloponnese | 21,106 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
("Tripoli"), Western Greece ("Patra"), Thessaly ("City of Larissa"), Epirus ("City of Ioannina"), Crete ("Heraklion"), North Aegean ("Mytilene"), South Aegean ("Rhodos").
Once, they have been passed all examinations then are awarded Diploma of Vocational Education and Training (VET) (Greek: Δίπλωμα Επαγγελματικής Εκπαίδευσης και Κατάρτισης), also known as Vocational Training Diploma, corresponds to classification of qualification at Level 5 of the National Qualification Framework (NQF) (Εθνικό Πλαίσιο Προσόντων) of Greece named Hellenic Qualifications Framework (HQF), at Level 5 of the European Qualifications Framework (EQF), at Level 4 of ISCED. The Diploma of Vocational Education and Training | 21,107 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
is awarded by EOPPEP.
The last updates on professional accreditation for each speciality are published at EOPPEP website.
## Certificate supplement.
A Certificate Supplement of Europass is available in Greek and English, awarded by the EOPPEP – National Europass Centre of Greece. It is a document that includes additional information and standardised description about the content and status of the qualification of studies ensuring that qualifications are easily understood, especially outside the country where they were awarded, but not guarantee recognition – it is not a CV nor a substitute qualification for the original and does not have any legal status in itself. Students can submit their | 21,108 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
applications at the EOPPEP, which is responsible for issuing the Certificate Supplement.
# Organisation.
The IEK system of study is grouped into sectors which are then divided into departments and each department is then divided into several schools of study (programs of study). In case of departments absence from a sector, the sector is by without departments and contains only schools. The programs of study are varied among locations within each regional IEK depending on the decisions issued of what programs will operate, of where will locate, while can be changed at times as per semester, interests, major needs, and other criteria. New programs can be offered, others can be replaced or withdrawn. | 21,109 |
420655 | IEK | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=IEK | IEK
udy are varied among locations within each regional IEK depending on the decisions issued of what programs will operate, of where will locate, while can be changed at times as per semester, interests, major needs, and other criteria. New programs can be offered, others can be replaced or withdrawn. The sectors of study (fields of study, national clusters framework) include:
- Agriculture, Food Technology, Nutrition
- Applied Arts and Artistic Studies
- Business Administration and Economics
- Communication and Mass Media
- Separate Sectors and Schools
- Hospitality and Tourism
- Health and Welfare
- Maritime Professions
- Technology Applications
# External links.
- Official Website | 21,110 |
420678 | Brantford Expositor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford%20Expositor | Brantford Expositor
Brantford Expositor
The Brantford Expositor is an English language newspaper based in Brantford, Ontario and owned by Postmedia. It provides the readers with coverage of local news, sports and events to the community as well as coverage of provincial, national and international news.
# History.
The Expositor has been the primary source of news and advertising information for the city of Brantford and County of Brant for over 150 years. The newspaper has published continuously without interruption.
# Present day.
The Expositor has one of the highest levels of readership for a daily newspaper in the province of Ontario, reaching over 70% of all adults 18 and over, in the coverage area.
The | 21,111 |
420678 | Brantford Expositor | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brantford%20Expositor | Brantford Expositor
rovince of Ontario, reaching over 70% of all adults 18 and over, in the coverage area.
The "Brantford Expositor" is published 6 days a week Monday to Saturday, and has a daily paid circulation of 20,000. The paper serves Brantford, as well as Paris, Burford, and the rest of Brant County.
The Brantford Expositor also publishes "Your Brant Connection", a free weekly community paper (delivered every Thursday), which has a distribution of 52,500 to all homes in the Brantford and Brant County area.
In 2010, the newspaper moved from 53 Dalhousie Street in downtown Brantford, to a business park at 195 Henry Street.
# See also.
- List of newspapers in Canada
# External links.
- ISSN 1181-5663 | 21,112 |
420675 | Treaty of Rapallo (1920) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Rapallo%20(1920) | Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
The Treaty of Rapallo was a treaty between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed "Yugoslavia" in 1929), signed to solve the dispute over some territories in the former Austrian Littoral in the upper Adriatic, and in Dalmatia.
The treaty was signed on 12 November 1920 in Rapallo, near Genoa, Italy. Tension between Italy and Yugoslavia arose at the end of World War I, when the Austro-Hungarian Empire dissolved and Italy claimed the territories assigned to it by the secret Treaty of London of 1915. According to the treaty signed in London on 26 April 1915 by the Kingdom of Italy and Triple Entente, in case of victory at the end of | 21,113 |
420675 | Treaty of Rapallo (1920) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Rapallo%20(1920) | Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
World War I, Italy was to obtain several territorial gains including former Austrian Littoral, northern Dalmatia and notably Zadar (), Šibenik (), and most of the Dalmatian islands (except Krk and Rab).
These territories had an ethnically mixed population, with Slovenes and Croats composing over the half of the population of the region. The treaty was therefore nullified with the Treaty of Versailles under pressure of President Woodrow Wilson, making void Italian claims on northern Dalmatia. The objective of the Treaty of Rapallo was to find a compromise following the void created by the non-application of the Treaty of London of 1915.
# Content.
At the conclusions of the discussions, the | 21,114 |
420675 | Treaty of Rapallo (1920) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Rapallo%20(1920) | Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
following territories were annexed to Italy:
- The western parts of the former Duchy of Carniola: more than half of the region of Inner Carniola, with the municipalities of Idrija (), Vipava (), Šturje (), Postojna (), Šent Peter na Krasu (, now Pivka), and Ilirska Bistrica (), and the Upper Carniolan municipality of Fusine in Valromana ();
- The entire territory of former Austrian Littoral, except for the municipality of Kastav and the island of Krk, which were ceded to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes;
- The former Dalmatian capital city of Zadar and the small Dalmatian islands of Lastovo and Palagruža.
According to the treaty, the city of Rijeka () would become the independent | 21,115 |
420675 | Treaty of Rapallo (1920) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Rapallo%20(1920) | Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
Free State of Fiume, thus ending the military occupation of Gabriele d'Annunzio's troops, begun by the Impresa di Fiume and known as the Italian Regency of Carnaro. This part of the treaty was revoked in 1924, when Italy and Yugoslavia signed the Treaty of Rome, which gave Fiume to Italy and the adjacent port of Sušak to Yugoslavia.
The treaty left a large number of Slovenes and Croats in Italy. According to author Paul N. Hehn, "the treaty left half a million Slavs inside Italy while only a few hundred Italians in the fledgling Yugoslav state". Indeed, according to the 1910 Austrian census 480,000 South Slavs (Slovenes and Croats) became citizens of the Kingdom of Italy, while around 15,000 | 21,116 |
420675 | Treaty of Rapallo (1920) | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Treaty%20of%20Rapallo%20(1920) | Treaty of Rapallo (1920)
480,000 South Slavs (Slovenes and Croats) became citizens of the Kingdom of Italy, while around 15,000 Italians became citizens of the new Yugoslav state (around 13,000 in Dalmatia, and the rest in the island of Krk). According to the same census, around 25,000 ethnic Germans and 3,000 Hungarians also lived in the regions annexed to Italy with the Treaty, while the number of Italians living in the region was between 350,000 and 390,000.
# External links.
- Treaty between the Kingdom of Italy and the Kingdom of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes signed at Rapallo, 12 November 1920
- Map of Europe and Treaty of Rapallo at omniatlas.com
- Map of modern Slovenia with superimposed Rapallo border | 21,117 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Brill Building
The Brill Building (built 1931 as the Alan E. Lefcourt Building and designed by Victor Bark Jr.) is an office building located at 1619 Broadway on 49th Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan, just north of Times Square and further uptown from the historic musical Tin Pan Alley neighborhood. It is famous for housing music industry offices and studios where some of the most popular American songs were written. It is considered to have been the center of the American music industry that dominated the pop charts in the early 1960s.
The building is 11 stories and has approximately of rentable area. Originally named after the son of its builder, Abraham E. Lefcourt, the "Brill" | 21,118 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
name comes from a haberdasher who operated a store at street level and subsequently bought the building. The Brill Building was purchased by 1619 Broadway Realty LLC in June 2013 and has been undergoing renovation during the 2010s.
# The "Big Band Era".
Even before World War II it became a center of activity for the popular music industry, especially music publishing and songwriting. Scores of music publishers had offices in the Brill Building. Once songs had been published, the publishers sent song pluggers to the popular bands and radio stations. These song pluggers would sing and/or play the song for the band leaders to encourage bands to play their music.
During the ASCAP strike of 1941, | 21,119 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
many of the composers, authors and publishers turned to pseudonyms in order to have their songs played on the air.
Brill Building songs were constantly at the top of "Billboard"'s Hit Parade and played by the leading bands of the day:
- The Benny Goodman Orchestra
- The Glenn Miller Orchestra
- The Jimmy Dorsey Orchestra
- The Tommy Dorsey Orchestra
Publishers included:
- Leo Feist Inc.
- Lewis Music Publishing
- Mills Music Publishing
# Brill Building composers and lyricists included.
- Burt Bacharach
- Bert Berns
- Bobby Darin
- Hal David
- Neil Diamond
- Sherman Edwards
- Buddy Feyne
- Gerry Goffin
- Howard Greenfield
- Jack Keller
- Carole King
- Jerry Leiber and Mike | 21,120 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Stoller
- Barry Mann
- Johnny Mercer
- Rose Marie McCoy
- Irving Mills
- Fred Neil
- Laura Nyro
- Doc Pomus
- Billy Rose
- Neil Sedaka
- Mort Shuman
- Cynthia Weil
# The "Brill Building Sound".
The Brill Building's name has been widely adopted as a shorthand term for a broad and influential stream of American mainstream popular song (strongly influenced by Latin music, Traditional black gospel, and rhythm and blues) which enjoyed great commercial success in the late 1950s and throughout the 1960s. Many significant American and international publishing companies, music agencies, and recording labels were based in New York, and although these ventures were naturally spread across | 21,121 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
many locations, the Brill Building was regarded as probably the most prestigious address in New York for music business professionals. The term "The Brill Building Sound" is somewhat inaccurate, however, since much of the music so categorized actually emanated from other locations — music historian Ken Emerson nominates buildings at 1650 Broadway and 1697 Broadway as other significant bases of activity in this field.
By 1962 the Brill Building contained 165 music businesses: A musician could find a publisher and printer, cut a demo, promote the record and cut a deal with radio promoters, all within this one building. The creative culture of the independent music companies in the Brill Building | 21,122 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
and the nearby 1650 Broadway came to define the influential "Brill Building Sound" and the style of popular songwriting and recording created by its writers and producers.
Carole King described the atmosphere at the "Brill Building" publishing houses of the period:
The Brill Building approach—which can be extended to other publishers not based in the actual Brill Building—was one way that professionals in the music business took control of things in the time after rock and roll's first wave. In the Brill Building practice, there were no more unpredictable or rebellious singers; in fact, a specific singer in most cases could be easily replaced with another. These songs were written to order | 21,123 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
by pros who could custom fit the music and lyrics to the targeted teen audience. In a number of important ways, the Brill Building approach was a return to the way business had been done in the years before rock and roll, since it returned power to the publishers and record labels and made the performing artists themselves much less central to the music's production.
# Writers.
Many of the best works in this diverse category were written by a loosely affiliated group of songwriter-producer teams—mostly duos—that enjoyed immense success and who collectively wrote some of the biggest hits of the period. Many in this group were close friends and/or (in the cases of Goffin-King, Mann-Weil and | 21,124 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Greenwich-Barry) married couples, as well as creative and business associates—and both individually and as duos, they often worked together and with other writers in a wide variety of combinations. Some (Carole King, Paul Simon, Burt Bacharach, Neil Sedaka, Neil Diamond, Boyce and Hart) recorded and had hits with their own music.
- Burt Bacharach and Hal David
- Bert Berns
- Otis Blackwell
- Sonny Bono
- Boyce and Hart
- Neil Diamond
- Sherman Edwards
- Tony Orlando
- Andy Kim
- David Gates
- Giant, Baum & Kaye
- Gerry Goffin and Carole King
- Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry
- Marvin Hamlisch
- Hugo Peretti and Luigi Creatore
- Kander and Ebb
- Artie Kornfeld
- Jerry Leiber | 21,125 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
and Mike Stoller
- Barry Mann and Cynthia Weil
- John Leslie McFarland
- Haras Fyre and Gwen Guthrie
- Shadow Morton
- Laura Nyro
- Claus Ogerman
- Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman
- Tony Powers
- Beverly Ross
- Neil Sedaka and Howard Greenfield
- Paul Simon as Jerry Landis
- Phil Spector
- Eddie Snyder
- Bobby Susser
- Steve Tyrell
Other musicians who were headquartered in The Brill Building:
- Bobby Darin
- The Drifters featuring Ben E. King
- Connie Francis
- Lesley Gore
- Haras Fyre
- Darlene Love
- Liza Minnelli
- Donald Fagen and Walter Becker
- Gene Pitney
- The Ronettes
- The Shangri-Las
- The Shirelles
- The Sweet Inspirations
- Doris Troy
- Frankie Valli & The | 21,126 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Four Seasons
- Dee Dee Warwick
- Dionne Warwick
- The Delicates
Among the hundreds of hits written by this group are "Yakety Yak" (Leiber-Stoller), "Save the Last Dance for Me" (Pomus-Shuman), "The Look of Love" (Bacharach-David), "Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" (Sedaka-Greenfield), "Devil in Disguise" (Giant-Baum-Kaye), "The Loco-Motion" (Goffin-King), "Supernatural Thing" (Haras Fyre-Gwen Guthrie), "We Gotta Get Out of This Place" (Mann-Weil), and "River Deep, Mountain High" (Spector-Greenwich-Barry).
# Musicians.
The following is a partial list of studio musicians who contributed to the Brill Building sound:
- Arrangers/Conductors: Teacho Wiltshire, Garry Sherman, Alan Lorber, Jimmy Wisner, | 21,127 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Artie Butler, Claus Ogerman, Stan Applebaum.
- Bass: George Duvivier, Milt Hinton, Russ Savakus, Bob Bushnell, Joe Macho Jr, Al Lucas, Dick Romoff, James Tyrell, Jimmy Lewis, Lloyd Trotman, Wendell Marshal, Chuck Rainey.
- Guitar: George Barnes, Al Gorgoni, Carl Lynch, Trade Martin, Bucky Pizzarelli, Everett Barksdale, Bill Suyker, Vinnie Bell, Al Caiola, Al Casamenti, Art Ryerson, Eric Gale, Ralph Casale, Charles Macey, Hugh McCracken, Wally Richardson, Don Arnone, Charles McCracken, Allan Hanlon, Sal Ditroia, Kenny Burrell, Mundell Lowe, Cornell Dupree, Mickey Baker
- Keyboards: Ernie Hayes, Paul Griffin, Leroy Glover, Frank Owens, Bernie Leighton, Artie Butler, Stan Free
- Drums: Gary | 21,128 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Chester, Buddy Saltzman, Sticks Evans, Herbie Lovelle, Panama Francis, Al Rogers, Bobby Gregg, Sol Gubin, Bernard Purdie
- Saxophone: Artie Kaplan, Frank Heywood Henry, Phil Bodner, Jerome Richardson, Romeo Penque, King Curtis, Seldon Powell, Sam "the Man" Taylor, Buddy Lucas.
- Trombone: Jimmy Cleveland, Frank Saracco, Benny Powell, Wayne Andre, Tony Studd, Micky Gravine, Urbie Green, Frank Rehak.
- Trumpet: Jimmy Nottingham, Ernie Royal, Jimmy Maxwell, Bernie Glow, Irwin "Marky" Markowitz, Jimmy Sedlar, Dud Bascomb, Lammar Wright Jr, Burt Collins, Joe Shepley.
- Percussion: George Devens, Phil Kraus, Bobby Rosengarden, Willie Rodriguez, Martin Grupp.
# Aldon Music—1650 Broadway.
Many | 21,129 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
of these writers came to prominence while under contract to Aldon Music, a publishing company founded ca. 1958 by industry veteran Al Nevins, and aspiring music entrepreneur Don Kirshner. Aldon was not initially located in the Brill Building, but rather, a block away at 1650 Broadway (at 51st Street).
A number of Brill Building writers worked at 1650 Broadway, and the building continued to house record labels throughout the decades.
Toni Wine explains:
# Selection of businesses located at 1619 Broadway (Brill Building) and 1650 Broadway.
## 1619 Broadway.
- Broadway Video
- Postworks LLC/Orbit Digital
- Famous Music
- Fiesta Records
- Coed Records, Inc.
- Mills Music
- Southern Music
- | 21,130 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
Red Bird Records
- TM Music
- SoundOne (Primarily Film Sound Editing) AND Sound Mixers (Sound Studio for Jingles and Music Albums)
- Helios Music/Glamorous Music
- KMA Music
- New Vision Communications
- Paul Simon Music
- Key Brand Entertainment
- Maggie Vision Productions
- Alexa Management – President/CEO- Shafi Khan
- TSQ LLC
- Mission Big
- Studio Center
## 1650 Broadway.
- Aldon Music
- Action Talents agency
- April/Blackwood Music
- Bang Records
- Bell Records, Inc.
- Buddah Records, Inc.
- Capezio Dance Theatre Shop
- Diamond Records
- Gamble Records, Inc.
- H/B Webman & Co.
- Iridium Jazz Club
- Princess Music Publishing, Corp.
- Scepter/Wand Records
- Web | 21,131 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
IV Music, Inc.
- We Three Music Publishing, Inc.
- Just Sunshine Records
- Allegro Sound Studios (later called Generation Sound Studios)
Roosevelt Music
# In popular culture.
The 1996 movie "Grace of My Heart" is in parts a fictionalized account of the life in the Brill Building. Illeana Douglas plays a songwriter loosely based on Carole King. Similarly, Broadway musical depicts King's early career, including her songwriting at 1650 Broadway.
In "Sweet Smell of Success", J.J. Hunsecker and his sister Susie live on one of the upper floors of the Brill Building. The title of the 2014 New Pornographers power pop album "Brill Bruisers" is a reference to the 60's-era Brill Building studio | 21,132 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
sound. In the HBO series "Vinyl," the fictitious record label American Century is headquartered in the Brill Building.
Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant was located in Brill Building's first floor on Broadway..
# See also.
- National Register of Historic Places listings in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
- List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan from 14th to 59th Streets
# References.
## Sources.
- Emerson, Ken (2005). "Always Magic in the Air: The Bomp and Brilliance of the Brill Building Era". Viking Penguin. . Reviewed by "The New York Times" here .
- Postal, Matthew A. (2010). "The Brill Building" (designation report). New York: Landmarks Preservation Commission. | 21,133 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
LP-2387.
- Scheurer, Timothy E., "American Popular Music: The Age of Rock", Bowling Green State University, Popular Press, 1989. Cf. especially pp. 76, 125.
## Further reading.
- AOL Music—Pop Artists in the Brill Building—AOL Music
- Interview with Toni Wine, Songfacts
- Regarding Claus Ogerman & his music publishing companies located at The Brill Building
- Brill Building Is Named a Landmark
- "Half Empty but Full of History, Brill Building Seeks Tenants", New York Times, 24 July 2013
# External links.
- The Brill Building—The Official Brill Building Website
- Brill Building—The History of Rock
- About.com: Brill Building—about.com
- Times Square Attractions
- Brill Building at | 21,134 |
420672 | Brill Building | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Brill%20Building | Brill Building
y pp. 76, 125.
## Further reading.
- AOL Music—Pop Artists in the Brill Building—AOL Music
- Interview with Toni Wine, Songfacts
- Regarding Claus Ogerman & his music publishing companies located at The Brill Building
- Brill Building Is Named a Landmark
- "Half Empty but Full of History, Brill Building Seeks Tenants", New York Times, 24 July 2013
# External links.
- The Brill Building—The Official Brill Building Website
- Brill Building—The History of Rock
- About.com: Brill Building—about.com
- Times Square Attractions
- Brill Building at the Songwriters Hall of Fame
- Spectropop's Brill Building
- The Brill Building Songwriters
- New York Architecture Images- Brill Building | 21,135 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
Sunningdale Agreement
The Sunningdale Agreement was an attempt to establish a power-sharing Northern Ireland Executive and a cross-border Council of Ireland. The Agreement was signed at Sunningdale Park located in Sunningdale, Berkshire, on 9 December 1973.
Unionist opposition, violence and a loyalist general strike caused the collapse of the Agreement in May 1974.
# Northern Ireland Assembly.
On 20 March 1973, the British government published a white paper which proposed a 78-member Northern Ireland Assembly, to be elected by proportional representation. The British government would retain control over law, order and finance, while a Council of Ireland composed of members of the executive | 21,136 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
of the Republic of Ireland, Dáil Éireann, the Northern Ireland Executive and the Northern Ireland Assembly would act in a consultative role. The assembly was to replace the suspended Stormont Parliament, but it was hoped that it would not be dominated by the Ulster Unionist Party (UUP) in the same way, and would thus be acceptable to nationalists.
The Northern Ireland Assembly Bill resulting from the White paper became law on 3 May 1973, and elections for the new assembly were held on 28 June. The agreement was supported by the nationalist Social Democratic and Labour Party (SDLP), the unionist UUP and the cross-community Alliance Party. The pro-agreement parties won a clear majority of seats | 21,137 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
(52 to 26), but a substantial minority inside the Ulster Unionist Party opposed the agreement.
The majority of the Nationalist community boycotted the elections, and the IRA continued its campaign of opposition throughout the outcome.
# Power-sharing Executive.
After the Assembly elections, negotiations between the pro-White Paper parties on the formation of a "power-sharing Executive" began. The main concerns were internment, policing and the question of a Council of Ireland.
On 21 November, agreement was reached on a voluntary coalition of pro-agreement parties (unlike the provisions of the Belfast Agreement, which establishes the d'Hondt method for the election of Ministers, proportionally | 21,138 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
to the main parties in the Assembly). Prominent members of the Executive included former Unionist Prime Minister Brian Faulkner as chief executive, SDLP leader Gerry Fitt as deputy chief executive, future Nobel Laureate and SDLP leader John Hume as Minister for Commerce and leader of the Alliance Party Oliver Napier as Legal Minister and head of the Office of Law Reform. Other members of the Executive included Unionist Basil McIvor as Minister for Education, Unionist Herbert Kirk as Minister for Finance, SDLP member Austin Currie as Minister for Housing, Unionist Leslie Morrell as Minister for Agriculture, SDLP member Paddy Devlin as Minister for Health and Social Services, Unionist Roy Bradford | 21,139 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
as Minister for Environment, and Unionist John Baxter as Minister for information. This new power-sharing Executive, made up of the above members, took up office and had its very first meeting on 1 January 1974. The UUP was deeply divided: its Standing Committee voted to participate in the executive by a margin of 132 to 105.
noinclude
# Council of Ireland.
Provisions for a Council of Ireland existed in the Government of Ireland Act 1920, but these had never been enacted. Unionists resented the idea of any "interference" by the Republic of Ireland in their newly established region. In 1973, after agreement had been reached on the formation of an executive, agreement was sought to re-establish | 21,140 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
a Council of Ireland to stimulate co-operation with the Republic of Ireland. Talks were held between 6 and 9 December in the Berkshire town of Sunningdale between the British Prime Minister Edward Heath, the Irish Taoiseach Liam Cosgrave and the three pro-agreement parties.
The talks agreed on a two-part Council of Ireland:
- The "Council of Ministers" was to be composed of seven members from the power-sharing executive, and seven members from the Irish Government. It was to have "executive and harmonising functions and a consultative role".
- The "Consultative Assembly" was to be made up of 30 members from Dáil Éireann and 30 members from the Northern Ireland Assembly. It was to have "advisory | 21,141 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
and review functions" only.
On 9 December, a communiqué announcing the agreement was issued, which later became known as the "Sunningdale Agreement".
# Reaction to the Agreement.
It was eventually agreed that the executive functions of the Council would be limited to "tourism, conservation, and aspects of animal health", but this did not reassure the unionists, who saw any influence by the Republic over Northern affairs as a step closer to a united Ireland. They saw their fears confirmed when SDLP councillor Hugh Logue publicly described the Council of Ireland as "the vehicle that would trundle unionists into a united Ireland" in a speech at Trinity College, Dublin.
On 10 December, the day | 21,142 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
after the agreement was announced, loyalist paramilitaries formed the Ulster Army Council – a coalition of loyalist paramilitary groups, including the Ulster Defence Association and the Ulster Volunteer Force, which would oppose the agreement.
In January 1974, the Ulster Unionist Party narrowly voted against continued participation in the Assembly and Faulkner resigned as leader, to be succeeded by the anti-Sunningdale Harry West. The following month a general election took place. The Ulster Unionists formed the United Ulster Unionist Council (UUUC) as a coalition of anti-agreement unionists with the Vanguard Progressive Unionist Party and the Democratic Unionist Party to stand a single anti-Sunningdale | 21,143 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
candidate in each constituency. The pro-Sunningdale parties, the SDLP, the Alliance, the Northern Ireland Labour Party and the "Pro Assembly Unionists" made up of Faulkner's supporters, were disunited and ran candidates against one another. When the results were declared, the UUUC had captured eleven of the twelve constituencies, several of which had been won on split votes. Only West Belfast returned a pro-Sunningdale MP (Gerry Fitt). The UUUC declared that this represented a democratic rejection of the Sunningdale Assembly and Executive, and sought to bring them down by any means possible.
In March 1974, pro-agreement unionists withdrew their support for the agreement, calling for the Republic | 21,144 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
of Ireland to remove the Articles 2 and 3 of its constitution first (these Articles would not be revised until the Good Friday Agreement of 1998).
# Collapse of the Agreement.
Following the defeat of a motion condemning power-sharing in the Northern Ireland Assembly, the Ulster Workers' Council, a loyalist organisation, called a general strike for 15 May. After two weeks of barricades, shortages, rioting and intimidation, Brian Faulkner resigned as chief executive and the Sunningdale Agreement collapsed on 28 May 1974.
The strike succeeded because the British were reluctant to use force at an early stage and later the use of force was vetoed by the unionists in the Executive.
The most crippling | 21,145 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
aspect of the strike was its effect on electricity supply – the Ballylumford power station generated Belfast's electricity and that of most of Northern Ireland. The workforce was overwhelmingly Protestant and effective control was firmly in the hands of UWC. John Hume's plan to cut the Northern Ireland electricity grid in two and rely on the power generated by Coolkeeragh Power Station (where many Catholics worked) to keep Derry and environs in business while undermining the unionist strikers in the east was rejected by the British Secretary of State Merlyn Rees.
In later strikes the security forces were prepared to use force immediately, and so intimidatory barricades – essential to the success | 21,146 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
of the UWC strike – were suppressed from the outset.
# Legacy.
The 1998 Good Friday Agreement (GFA), on which the current system of Northern Irish devolution is based, closely resembles the Sunningdale Agreement. The Good Friday Agreement has famously been described by Séamus Mallon as 'Sunningdale for slow learners'.
# See also.
- Anglo-Irish Agreement
- Downing Street Declaration
- Belfast Agreement
# External links.
- The Sunningdale Agreement — "full text of the agreement, from the CAIN project's website"
- The Sunningdale Agreement — Chronology of Main Events — "from the same site"
- Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals — "text of the British government white paper which | 21,147 |
420666 | Sunningdale Agreement | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sunningdale%20Agreement | Sunningdale Agreement
closely resembles the Sunningdale Agreement. The Good Friday Agreement has famously been described by Séamus Mallon as 'Sunningdale for slow learners'.
# See also.
- Anglo-Irish Agreement
- Downing Street Declaration
- Belfast Agreement
# External links.
- The Sunningdale Agreement — "full text of the agreement, from the CAIN project's website"
- The Sunningdale Agreement — Chronology of Main Events — "from the same site"
- Northern Ireland Constitutional Proposals — "text of the British government white paper which led to the agreement"
- Ulster Workers' Council Strike — "events and background to the UWC general strike, from the CAIN project"
- Sunningdale: An Agreement Too Soon? | 21,148 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
False killer whale
The false killer whale ("Pseudorca crassidens") is a large oceanic dolphin that inhabits oceans worldwide but mainly frequents tropical regions. It was first described in 1846 as a species of porpoise based on a skull, which was revised when the first carcasses were observed in 1861. The name "false killer whale" comes from the similar skull characteristics to the killer whale ("Orcinus orca").
The false killer whale reaches a maximum length of , though size can vary around the world. It is highly sociable, known to form pods of up to 500 members, and can also form pods with other dolphin species, such as bottlenose dolphins ("Tursiops truncatus"). Further, it can form close | 21,149 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
bonds with other species, as well as partake in sexual (including both heterosexual and homosexual) interactions with them. Conversely, the false killer whale has also been known to feed on other dolphins, though it typically eats squid and fish. It is a deep-diving dolphin, with a maximum recorded depth of ; its maximum speed is around .
The false killer whale easily adapts to captivity and is kept in several aquariums around the world, though its aggression towards other dolphins makes it less desirable. It is threatened by fishing operations, as it can become entangled in fishing gear. It is drive hunted in some Japanese villages. The false killer whale has a tendency to mass strand given | 21,150 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
its highly social nature, with the largest stranding consisting of 805 beached at Mar del Plata, Argentina. Most of what is known of false killer whale comes from examining stranded individuals.
# Taxonomy.
The false killer whale was first described by the British paleontologist and biologist Richard Owen in his 1846 book, "A history of British fossil mammals and birds", based on a skull discovered in 1843. The skull was found in Stamford, Lincolnshire in England and dated to the Middle Pleistocene around 126,000 years ago. He found the skull comparable to the long-finned pilot whale ("Globicephala melas"), the beluga whale ("Delphinapterus leucas"), and Risso's dolphin ("Grampus griseus")–in | 21,151 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
fact, he gave it the nickname "thick toothed grampus" in light of this and assigned the animal to the genus "Phocaena" (a genus of porpoises) which Risso's dolphin was also assigned to in 1846. The species name "crassidens" means "thick toothed".
In 1846, zoologist John Edward Gray assigned the false killer whale to the genus "Orca" with the killer whale (now "Orcinus orca"). Until 1861, when the first carcasses washed up on the shores of Kiel Bay in Denmark, the species was thought to be extinct. Based on these and a pod that beached itself three months later in November, zoologist Johannes Theodor Reinhardt moved the species in 1862 to the newly erected genus "Pseudorca", which established | 21,152 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
it as being neither a porpoise nor a killer whale. However, the name "false killer whale" comes from the apparent similarity between its skull and that of the killer whale.
The false killer whale is a member of the family Delphinidae, the oceanic dolphins. It is part of the subfamily Globicephalinae, and its closest living relatives are Risso's dolphin, the melon-headed whale ("Peponocephala electra"), the pygmy killer whale ("Feresa attenuata"), the pilot whales ("Globicephala" spp.), and possibly the snubfin dolphins ("Orcaella" spp.). One subspecies was proposed by Paules Edward Pieris Deraniyagala in 1945, "P. c. meridionalis", though there was not sufficient justification, and William | 21,153 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
Henry Flower suggested in 1884 and later abandoned a distinction between northern and southern false killer whales; there are currently no recognized subspecies. However, individuals in populations around the world can have different skull structures and vary in average length, with Japanese false killer whales being 10–20% larger than South African false killer whales. It can hybridize with the bottlenose dolphin ("Tursiops truncatus") to produce fertile offspring called "wholphin".
# Description.
The false killer whale is black or dark gray, though slightly lighter on the underside. It has a slender body with an elongated, tapered head and 44 teeth. The dorsal fin is sickle-shaped, and its | 21,154 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
flippers are narrow, short, and pointed, with a distinctive bulge on the leading edge of the flipper (the side closest to the head). The average body length is around , with females reaching a maximum size of in length and in weight, and males long and in weight. However, on average, males and females are about the same size. Newborns can be in length. Body temperature ranges from , increasing during activity. The teeth are conical, and there are 14–21 in the upper jaw and 16–24 in the lower.
The false killer whale reaches physical maturity between 8 and 14 years, and maximum age in captivity is 57 years for males and 62 for females. Sexual maturity happens between 8 to 11 years. In one population, | 21,155 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
calving occurred at 7 year intervals; calving can occur year-round, though it usually occurs in late winter. Gestation takes around 15 months. Females lactate for 9 months to 2 years. The false killer whale is one of three toothed whales, the other two being the pilot whales, identified as having a sizable post-reproductive lifespan after menopause, which occurs between ages 45 and 55.
Being a toothed whale, the false killer whale can echolocate using its melon organ in the forehead to create sound, which it uses to navigate and find prey. The melon is larger in males than in females.
# Behavior.
The false killer whale has been known to interact non-aggressively with several dolphin species: | 21,156 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
the bottlenose dolphin, the pacific white-sided dolphin ("Lagenorhynchus obliquidens"), the rough-toothed dolphin ("Steno bredanensis"), the pilot whales, the melon-headed whale, the pantropical spotted dolphin ("Stenella attenuata"), the pygmy killer whale, and Risso's dolphin.
The false killer whale may respond to distress calls and protect other species from predators, aid in childbirth by helping to remove the afterbirth, and have been known to interact sexually with bottlenose dolphins and pilot whales, including homosexually. It has been known to form mixed-species pods with those dolphins, probably due to shared feeding grounds. In Japan, these only occur in winter, suggesting it is | 21,157 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
tied to seasonal food shortages.
A pod near Chile had a cruising speed, and false killer whales in captivity were recorded to have a maximum speed of , similar to the bottlenose dolphin. Diving behavior is not well recorded, but one individual near Japan dove for 12 minutes to a depth of . In Japan, one individual had a documented dive of , and one in Hawaii , comparable to pilot whales and other similarly-sized dolphins. Its maximum dive time is likely 18.5 minutes.
The false killer whale travels in large pods, evidenced by mass strandings, usually consisting of 10 to 20 members, though these smaller groups can be part of larger groups; it is highly social and can travel in groups of more | 21,158 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
than 500 whales. These large groups may break up into smaller family groups of 4 to 6 members while feeding. Members stay with the pod long-term, some recorded as 15 years, and, indicated by mass strandings, share strong bonds with other members. It is thought it has a matrifocal family structure, with the mothers heading the pod instead of the father, like in sperm whales and pilot whales. Different populations around the world have different vocalizations, similar to other dolphins. The false killer whale is probably polygynous, with males mating with multiple females.
# Ecology.
Generally, the false killer whale targets a wide array of squid and fish of various sizes during daylight hours. | 21,159 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
They typically target large species of fish, such as mahi-mahi and tuna. In captivity, it eats 3.4 to 4.3% of its body weight per day. A video taken in 2016 near Sydney shows a group hunting a juvenile shark. It sometimes discards the tail, gills, and stomach of captured fish, and pod members have been known to share food.
In the Eastern Pacific, the false killer whale has been known to target smaller dolphins during tuna purse-seine fishing operations; there are cases of attacks on sperm whales ("Physeter macrocephalus"), and one instance against a calf of a humpback whale ("Megaptera novaeangliae"). Killer whales are known to prey on the false killer whale, and it also possibly faces a threat | 21,160 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
from large sharks, though there are no documented instances.
The false killer whale is a known host of several parasites: trematode "Nasitrema" in the sinuses, nematode "Stenurus" in the sinuses and lungs, and unidentified crassicaudine nematode in the sinuses, stomach nematodes "Anisakis simplex" and "Anisakis typica", acanthocephalan worm "Bolbosoma capitatum" in the intestines, whale lice "Syncyamus pseudorcae" and "Isocyamus delphinii", and the whale barnacle "Xenobalanus globicipitus". Some strandings had whales with large "Bolbosoma" infestations, such as the 1976 and 1986 strandings in Florida.
# Population and distribution.
The false killer whale appears to have a widespread presence | 21,161 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
in tropical and semitropical oceanic waters. The species has been found in temperate waters, but these occurrences were possibly stray individuals, or associated with warm water events. It generally does not go beyond 50°N and below 50°S. It usually inhabits open oceans and deep-water areas, though it may frequent coastal areas near oceanic islands.
The false killer whale is thought to be common around the world, though no total estimation has been made. The population in the Eastern Pacific is probably in the low tens-of-thousands, and around 16,000 near China and Japan. The population around Hawaii has been declining.
# Human interaction.
The false killer whale is known to be much more | 21,162 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
adaptable in captivity than other dolphin species, being easily trained and highly sociable with other species, and as such it is kept in several public aquariums around the world, such as in Japan, the United States, the Netherlands, Hong Kong, and Australia. Individuals were mainly captured off California and Hawaii, and then in Japan and Taiwan after 1980. It has also been successfully bred in captivity. However, Chester, an orphaned newborn who was stranded in Tofino on Vancouver Island in 2014 and rescued by Vancouver Aquarium, died from a bacterial erysipelas infection in 2017 at the age of three and a half. Being the fifth whale to die in the aquarium, Chester's death caused the Vancouver | 21,163 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
Park Board to ban the aquarium from acquiring more whales.
The false killer whale has been known to approach and offer fish it has caught to humans diving or boating. However, it also takes fish off of hooks, which sometimes leads to entanglement or swallowing the hook. Entanglement can cause drowning, loss of circulation to an appendage, or impede the animal's ability to hunt, and swallowing the hook can puncture the digestive tract or can become a blockage. In Hawaii, this is likely leading to the decline in local populations, reducing them by 75% from 1989 to 2009. The false killer whale is more susceptible to organochloride buildup than other dolphins, being higher up on the food chain, | 21,164 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
and stranded individuals around the world show higher levels than other dolphins. It has been known to ride the wakes of large boats, which could put it at risk of hitting the boat propeller.
In a few Japanese villages, the false killer whale is killed in drive hunts using sound to herd individuals together and cause a mass stranding or corral them into nets before being killed.
# Beachings.
The false killer whale regularly beaches itself, for reasons largely unknown, on coasts around the world, with the largest stranding consisting of 835 individuals on 9 October 1946 at Mar del Plata in Argentina. Unlike other dolphins, but similar to other globicephalines, the false killer whale usually | 21,165 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
mass strands in pods, leading to such high mortality rates. These can also occur in temperate waters outside its normal range, such as with the mass strandings in Britain in 1927, 1935, and 1936.
The 30 July 1986 mass stranding of 114 false killer whales in Flinders Bay, Western Australia was widely watched as volunteers and the newly created Department of Conservation and Land Management (CALM) saved 96 individuals, and founded an informal network for whale strandings. The 2 June 2005 Geographe Bay stranding of 120 individuals in Western Australia, the fourth in the bay, was caused by a storm preventing the animals from seeing the shoreline; this also caused a rescue effort of 1,500 volunteers | 21,166 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
by CALM.
Since 2005, there have been seven mass strandings of false killer whales in New Zealand involving more than one individual, the largest on 8 April 1943 on the Mahia Peninsula with 300 stranded, and 31 March 1978 in Manukau Harbour with 253 stranded.
Whale strandings are rare in southern Africa, but mass strandings in this area are typically associated with the false killer whale, with mass strandings averaging at 58 individuals. Hot-spots for mass strandings exist along the coast of the Western Cape in South Africa; the most recent in 30 May 2009 near the village of Kommetjie with 55 individuals.
On 14 January 2017, a pod of around 100 beached themselves in Everglades National Park | 21,167 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
in Florida, and the remoteness of the area was detrimental to rescue efforts, causing the deaths of 81 whales. The other two strandings in Florida were in 1986 with three beached whales from a pod of 40 in Cedar Key, and 1980 with 28 stranded in Key West.
# Conservation.
The false killer whale is covered by the Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas (ASCOBANS), and the Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area (ACCOBAMS). The species is further included in the Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western | 21,168 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
Africa and Macaronesia (Western African Aquatic Mammals MoU) and the Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region (Pacific Cetaceans MoU).
No accurate global estimates for the false killer whale exist, so the species is listed as Near Threatened by the IUCN Redlist. In November 2012, the United States' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration recognized the Hawaiian population of false killer whales, comprising around 150 individuals, as endangered.
# See also.
- List of cetacean species
# External links.
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society
- NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources, False Killer Whale (Pseudorca | 21,169 |
420661 | False killer whale | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=False%20killer%20whale | False killer whale
o.
- List of cetacean species
# External links.
- Whale and Dolphin Conservation Society
- NOAA Fisheries Office of Protected Resources, False Killer Whale (Pseudorca crassidens)
- Agreement on the Conservation of Small Cetaceans of the Baltic, North East Atlantic, Irish and North Seas
- Agreement on the Conservation of Cetaceans in the Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Contiguous Atlantic Area
- Memorandum of Understanding Concerning the Conservation of the Manatee and Small Cetaceans of Western Africa and Macaronesia
- Memorandum of Understanding for the Conservation of Cetaceans and Their Habitats in the Pacific Islands Region
- Voices in the Sea - Sounds of the False Killer Whale | 21,170 |
1803886 | Teleidoscope | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teleidoscope | Teleidoscope
Teleidoscope
A teleidoscope is a kind of kaleidoscope, with a lens and an open view, so it can be used to form kaleidoscopic patterns from objects outside the instrument, rather than from items installed as part of it. Invented by John Lyon Burnside III and Harry Hay, the patent was filed in 1970 and granted in 1972.
The lens at the end of the tube is not an optical requirement, but protects the internals of the teleidoscope. A spherical ball lens is often used. An advantage of using a sphere is that it will not press flat against the object being viewed, which would block all light and result in no image being seen.
# External links.
- Kaleidoscopes Periods & Styles, Brewster Kaleidoscope | 21,171 |
1803886 | Teleidoscope | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Teleidoscope | Teleidoscope
pe
A teleidoscope is a kind of kaleidoscope, with a lens and an open view, so it can be used to form kaleidoscopic patterns from objects outside the instrument, rather than from items installed as part of it. Invented by John Lyon Burnside III and Harry Hay, the patent was filed in 1970 and granted in 1972.
The lens at the end of the tube is not an optical requirement, but protects the internals of the teleidoscope. A spherical ball lens is often used. An advantage of using a sphere is that it will not press flat against the object being viewed, which would block all light and result in no image being seen.
# External links.
- Kaleidoscopes Periods & Styles, Brewster Kaleidoscope Society | 21,172 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
Education in Greece
The Greek educational system is mainly divided into three levels: primary, secondary and tertiary, with an additional post-secondary level providing adult vocational training. Primary education is divided into kindergarten preschool lasting one or two years, and primary school spanning six years (aged 6 to 12, first grade to sixth grade). Secondary education comprises two stages: the compulsory lower secondary education has a 3-year Gymnasio school (seventh grade to ninth grade, US equivalent approx: Middle school or Junior high school), after which students can attend upper secondary education has a 3-year Lykeion school (tenth grade to twelfth grade, US equivalent approx: | 21,173 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
High school). Higher Education (tertiary) is provided by Universities and specialist Academies which primarily cater for the military. Undergraduate university programs typically last 4 years (5 in polytechnics and some technical/art schools, and 6 in medical schools). The postgraduate (or graduate programs) last 1 to 2 years for Master's degree level and 3 to 6 years for Doctorate's degree level. All levels are overseen by the Ministry of Education, Research and Religious Affairs. The Ministry exercises centralized control over state schools, by prescribing the curriculum, appointing staff and controlling funding. Private schools also fall under the mandate of the Ministry, which exercises | 21,174 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
supervisory control over them. At a regional level, the supervisory role of the Ministry is exercised through Regional Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education, and Directorates of Primary and Secondary Education operate in every Prefecture. Tertiary institutions are nominally autonomous, but the Ministry is responsible for their funding, and the distribution of students to undergraduate courses. Currently the Greek government only recognises the degree programmes offered by the state-run universities although there are several private universities and colleges offering degree programmes that are validated and overseen by American, British and other European universities. The Greek government | 21,175 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
is pressured to recognise these overseas programmes.
All levels of education are catered for by both private and public schools. State-run schools and universities do not charge tuition fees and textbooks are provided free to all students.
There are also a number of private tutorial schools, colleges and universities operating alongside the state education and providing supplementary tuition. These parallel schools (Greek: "φροντιστήριο, frontistirio (singular)") provide foreign language tuition, supplementary lessons for weak students as well as exam preparation courses for the competitive Panhellenic national examinations. Most of the students typically attend such classes (and examinations) | 21,176 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
at the tutors schools in the afternoon and evening in addition to their normal schooling.
# Primary education.
Before the Elementary school, kids must attend the Kindergarten from age 5 to 6 before moving to the Elementary School. Elementary schools are called ""Dimotiko"" (demotic, meaning municipal), a carryover term from a time when such schools were run by local communities. The name remains although it has been obsolete for decades. In the first two years pupils are not officially graded, and parents obtain feedback about their performance via oral communications with teachers. Grading begins in Year 3, and written exams are introduced in Year 5. Graduating from one year to the next is | 21,177 |
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automatic, and pupils with deficient performance are given remedial tutoring. Years are called "classes", from first to sixth:
- 1st Year ("Πρώτη δημοτικού"): age 6 to 7
- 2nd Year ("Δευτέρα δημοτικού"): age 7 to 8
- 3rd Year ("Τρίτη δημοτικού"): age 8 to 9
- 4th Year ("Τετάρτη δημοτικού"): age 9 to 10
- 5th Year ("Πέμπτη δημοτικού"): age 10 to 11
- 6th Year ("Έκτη δημοτικού"): age 11 to 12
A normal school-day starts at 8.15 and finishes in 13.15. The classes last between 45 and 90 minutes with 3 breaks. The school year always starts on September 11 and ends on June 15. The students have summer vacation (about 3 months), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Easter vacation (2 weeks). Furthermore, | 21,178 |
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students take usually another four days off in order to celebrate their two national holidays (28/10 and 25/3). From December 2017 with a Presidential decree, the city of Aigio has and a third national holiday in 26/1 starting from January 2018. Only the schools of this city are closed in this day in the entire country.
The subjects for:
Πρώτη δημοτικού και Δευτέρα δημοτικού /1st Grade and 2nd Grade of Primary school (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Modern Greek language (9 hours/week)
- Mathematics (5 hours/week)
- Environmental Studies (4 hours/week)
- English language (1 hour/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Theatrical Education (1 | 21,179 |
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hour/week)
- Art (2 hours/week)
- Physical Education (3 hours/week)
- Flexible Zone (3 hours/week)
- Computer studies (1 hour/week)
Τρίτη δημοτικού και Τετάρτη δημοτικού/3rd Grade and 4th Grade of Primary school (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Modern Greek language (8 hours/week)
- Mathematics (4 hours/week)
- Environmental Studies (2 hours/week)
- English language (3 hours/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Theatrical Education (1 hour/week)
- Art (1 hour/week)
- Physical Education (3 hours/week)
- Flexible Zone (2 hours/week)
- Computer studies (1 hour/week)
- Religion (2 hours/week)
- History (2 hours/week)
Πέμπτη δημοτικού | 21,180 |
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και Έκτη δημοτικού/5th and 6th Grade of Primary School (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Modern Greek language (7 hours/week)
- Mathematics (4 hours/week)
- Geography (2 hours/week)
- English language (3 hours/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Social & Political Studies (1 hour/week)
- Art (1 hour/week)
- Physical Education (2 hours/week)
- Physics (3 hours/week)
- Computer studies (1 hour/week)
- Religion (1 hour/week)
- History (2 hours/week)
- 2nd Foreign Language (French or German) (2 hours/week)
Grading System:
- 1st Year: no grades
- 2nd Year: no grades
- 3rd Year: A-D
- 4th Year: A-D
- 5th Year: 1-10
- 6th Year: 1-10
Enrollment | 21,181 |
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to the next tier of compulsory education, the "Gymnasium", is automatic.
# Secondary education.
Γυμνάσιο ("Gymnasium" - Middle School) (compulsory education)
- Πρώτη Γυμνασίου / 1st grade, age 12 to 13
- Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου / 2nd grade, age 13 to 14
- Τρίτη Γυμνασίου / 3rd grade, age 14 to 15
Starts on September 11 and ends on early June before the first day of the Panhellenic exams. The lessons end on 31 May so that the students will be able to study for their examinations in early June. The classes start at 8.15 and end from 13.55 to 14.15 according to the type of school. Classes last from 30 min. to 45 min. and there are breaks of 10 and 5 minutes between them.The students have summer | 21,182 |
420676 | Education in Greece | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Education%20in%20Greece | Education in Greece
vacation (about 3 months), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Easter vacation (2 weeks). Furthermore, students take usually another four days off in order to celebrate their two national holidays (28/10 and 25/3). From December 2017 with a Presidential decree, the city of Aigio has and a third national holiday in 26/1 starting from January 2018. Only the schools of this city are closed in this day in the entire country.
There are 6 types of gymnasiums in Greece:
- 1. General Gymnasium (entering there from the primary school is automatic)
- 2. Athletic Gymnasium (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on a sport like football, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, polo, | 21,183 |
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swimming etc.) "Athletic Gymnasiums don't exist anymore."
- 3. Musical Gymnasium (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on a musical instrument)
- 4. Art Gymnasium (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on either arts, dance, or theater)
- 5. Experimental Gymnasium (to enter this type of schools students must pass certain exams on Maths, Science, Reading Comprehension and Writing [the last two are written as one])
- 6. Church Gymnasium
The subjects for:
1. Πρώτη Γυμνασίου/1st Grade of Gymnasium (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Modern Greek language (3 hours/week)
- Modern Greek literature | 21,184 |
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(2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek language (2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
- Mathematics (4 classes/week) (Algebra 2 hours/week and Geometry 2 hours/week)
- Physics (1 hour/week)
- Biology (1 hour/week)
- Geography (1 hour/week)
- History (2 hours/week)
- Religion (2 hours/week)
- English language (2 hours/week)
- 2nd foreign language (French or German) (2 hours/week)
- Technology (1 hour/week)
- Computer studies (1 hour/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Art (1 hour/week)
- Physical education (2 hours/week)
- Home economics (2 hours/week)
2. Δευτέρα Γυμνασίου/2nd Grade of Gymnasium (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- | 21,185 |
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Modern Greek Language (2 hours/week)
- Modern Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek Language (2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
- Mathematics (4 hours/week) (Algebra 2 classes/week and Geometry 2 classes/week)
- Physics (2 hours/week)
- Chemistry (1 hour/week)
- Biology (1 hour/week)
- Geography (2 hours/week)
- History (2 hours/week)
- Religion (2 hours/week)
- English Language (2 hours/week)
- 2nd Foreign Language (French or German) (2 hours/week)
- Technology (1 hour/week)
- Computer Studies (1 hour/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Art (1 hour/week)
- Physical Education (2 hours/week)
3. Τρίτη Γυμνασίου/3rd Grade of Gymnasium (The curriculum | 21,186 |
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is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Religion (2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
- Ancient Greek Language (2 hours/week)
- Modern Greek Language (2 hours/week)
- Modern Greek Literature (2 hours/week)
- History (2 hours/week)
- Social & Political Studies (2 hours/week)
- English Language (2 hours/week)
- 2nd Foreign Language (French or German) (2 hours/week)
- Mathematics (4 hours/week)
- Physics (2 hours/week)
- Chemistry (1 hour/week)
- Biology (1 hours/week)
- Physical Education (2 hours/week)
- Music (1 hour/week)
- Art (1 hour/week)
- Computer Studies (1 hour/week)
- Technology (1 hour/week)
The lessons that the students | 21,187 |
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will be examined in early June are Modern Greek Language/Modern Greek Literature, History, Mathematics and Physics.The duration for every exam is 2 hours except Modern Greek Language/Modern Greek Literature which is 3 hours.
Λύκειο (Lyceum - High School)
- Πρώτη Λυκείου / 1st grade, age 15 to 16
- Δευτέρα Λυκείου / 2nd grade, age 16 to 17
- Τρίτη Λυκείου / 3rd grade, age 17 to 18
Starts on September 11 and ends on 15 June. The lessons end in late May so that the students will be able to study for their examinations in June. The classes start at 8.20 and end from 13.55 to 14.20 according to the type of school. Classes last from 35 min. to 45 min. and there are breaks of 10 and 5 minutes | 21,188 |
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between them.The students have summer vacation (about 3 months), Christmas vacation (2 weeks) and Easter vacation (2 weeks). Furthermore, students take usually another four days off in order to celebrate their two national holidays (28/10 and 25/3). From December 2017 with a Presidential decree, the city of Aigio has and a third national holiday in 26/1 starting from January 2018. Only the schools of this city are closed in this day in the entire country.
There are 7 types of lyceums in Greece:
- 1. General Lyceum
- 2. Vocational Lyceum
- 3. Athletic Lyceum (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on a sport like football, basketball, volleyball, gymnastics, polo, swimming | 21,189 |
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etc.)
- 4. Musical Lyceum (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on a musical instrument)
- 5. Art Lyceum (to enter this type of school students must pass certain exams on either arts, dance, or theater)
- 6. Experimental Lyceum (to enter this type of schools students must pass certain exams on Mathematics, Science, Reading Comprehension and Writing [the last two are written as one])
- 7. Church Lyceum
Γενικό Λύκειο (General Lyceum- General High School)
The subjects for:
1. Πρώτη Γενικού Λυκείου/1st Grade of General Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2013 curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):
- Subjects of General Education
Ancient Greek (5 hours/week)
- | 21,190 |
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Subjects of selection (Every student can select 1 subject)
Applications of Computer Science
2. Δευτέρα Γενικού Λυκείου/2nd Grade of General Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2013 curriculum, for the school season 2014-2015):
- Subjects of General Education
Ancient Greek (2 hour/week)
The students can choose 1 of the 2 Orientation Groups:
- Subjects of the Humanities Orientation Group
Ancient Greek Language and Literature (3 hours/week)
- Subjects of the Sciences Orientation Group
Physics (3 hours/week)
3. Τρίτη Γενικού Λυκείου/3rd Grade of General Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2015 curriculum, for the school season 2015-2016):
- Subjects of General Education
Religious | 21,191 |
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studies (1 hour/week)
- Subjects for selection (Every student can select 1 subject)
2nd Foreign Language
The students can choose 1 of the 3 Orientation Groups:
- Subjects of the Humanities Orientation Group:
Ancient Greek Language (5 hours/week)
- Subjects of the Economic and Computer Studies Orientation Group:
Mathematics (5 hours/week)
- Subjects of the Science Studies Orientation Group:
Mathematics (5 hours/week)
As mentioned above, the students must take the Panhellenic national Examinations in order to proceed to the Higher Tertiary education. These exams are held after the students have received their Apolytirion. The students pass into a specific Higher Educational Institute | 21,192 |
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based on the Orientation and Group chosen.Starting from 2018, the students of the 3rd grade will give 4 subjects for the school exams because of the Panhellenic Exams. These subjects are Greek Language, History, Mathematics and Biology.The duration for every exam is 2 hours. Starting from 2019, the students of the 1st grade will give 8 subjects and these subjects are Ancient Greek Language, Modern Greek Language/literature together in one examination, Algebra, Geometry, History, Physics, Chemistry and Political Studies. The 2nd grade students will give 6 subjects and these are Modern Greek Language/literature together in one examination, History, Biology, Algebra for the students that have chosen | 21,193 |
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the Humanities Orientation Group or Political Education, for the students that have chosen the Sciences Orientation Group Political Education is the only option for them. Also, the students are giving the subjects of the Orientation Group that they have chosen.
Επαγγελματικό Λύκειο (ΕΠΑ.Λ.) (Vocational Lyceum- Vocational High School)
The subjects for:
1. Πρώτη Επαγγελματικού Λυκείου/1st Grade of Vocational Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Subjects of General Education
Modern Greek Language (4 hours/week)
- Subjects of Orientation
Project (2 hours/week)
- Subjects of selection (Every student can select 3 subjects):
Health Education
2. | 21,194 |
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Δευτέρα Επαγγελματικού Λυκείου/2nd Grade of Vocational Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2016 curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Subjects of General Education
Modern Greek Language (3 hours/week)
The students can choose 1 of the 9 Sectors:
- Sector of Αgriculture, Food and Environment
Principles of Rural Development (2 hours Theory/week)
- Sector of Administration and Economy
Principles of Accounting (3 hours Theory+3 hours Laboratory/week)
- Sector of Structural Works, Structural Environment and Architectural Design
Building Plan (4 hours Design/week)
- Sector of Applied Arts
Free Drawing (4 hours Design/week)
Special Laboratory Subject (Students can select 1 Laboratory | 21,195 |
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Subject):
- Sector of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation
Electrotechnics (2 hours Theory+2 hours laboratory/week)
- Sector of Engineering
Technical Thermodynamic Data-Applications (3 hours Theory+3 hours Laboratory/week)
- Sector of Information Technology
Principles of Computer Programming (1 hour Theory+3 hours Laboratory/week)
- Sector of Health-Providence and Well-Being
Anatomy-Physiology (3 hours Theory/week)
Special Subjects (Students can Select 2 Subjects):
- Sector of Shipping Professionals
Navigation-Nautical Meteorology (3 hours Theory+3 hours Laboratory/week)
3. Τρίτη Επαγγελματικού Λυκείου/3rd Grade of Vocational Lyceum (The curriculum is based on the 2016 | 21,196 |
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curriculum, for the school season 2016-2017):
- Subjects of General Education
Modern Greek Language (3 hours/week)
According to the Sector that the students selected in the 2nd grade, the students can choose 1 specialty accordingly with the number of the Sector that the students selected in the 2nd grade:
- Sector of Αgriculture, Food and Environment
* Plant Production Technician
- Sector of Administration and Economy
* Administrator and Financial Officer
- Sector of Structural Works, Structural Environment and Architectural Design
* Structural Engineer and Geoinformatics
- Sector of Applied Arts
* Graphic Arts
- Sector of Electrical Engineering, Electronics and Automation
* Technician | 21,197 |
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of Electronics and Computing Systems, Installations, Networks and Telecommunications
- Sector of Engineering
* Mechanical Engineering and Construction Engineer
- Sector of Information Technology
* IT Application Technician
- Sector of Health-Providence and Well-Being
* Nurse's Assistant
- Sector of Shipping Professionals
As mentioned above, the students must take the Panhellenic national Examinations in order to proceed to the Higher Tertiary education. These exams are held after the students have received their Apolytirion which is same with the General's Lyceum and their level 4 Certificate. The students pass into a specific Higher Educational Institute based on the Orientation and | 21,198 |
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Group chosen.Starting from 2018, the students of the 3rd grade will give 2 subjects of general education (Modern Greek Langage and Algebra) and 4 theory subjects of their specialty (2 of them are in the Panhellenic exams) for the school exams because of the Panhellenic Exams. Starting from 2019, the students of the 1st grade will give 6 subjects and these are Modern Greek Language, Algebra, Geometry, Physics, Chemistry and History. The 2nd grade students will also give 6 lessons and these are Modern Greek Language, Algebra, Physics and 3 theory subjects of their sector. If some students don't want to continue into tertiary education, they can select the "apprenticeship" to upgrade their certificate | 21,199 |
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