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1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
the middle garden, still evident in the way the axes of the current beds and paths follow the original furrows;
- A core remnant of Governor Phillip's original Government/Governor's Domain (1792);
- An important part of Governor Macquarie's plan for Sydney;
- The first extensive open space designated in Sydney, and representative of a small group of early 19th century public spaces in Sydney;
- A site of early public recreation since 1831, in continuous public use since;
- Evidence of remnant native vegetation remaining from the time of white settlement of the Sydney area.
- Retention of many important structures and memorials from early Colonial times when the gardens formed part of the | 21,400 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
original Governor's Domain (such as the c.1812 Macquarie wall and gateway, Mrs Macquarie's Road, fountains, statues, gates, a varied collection of buildings both public (e.g.: herbarium) and private (e.g.; Victoria Lodge gate house, Superintendent's residence/Cunningham Building, Old Herbarium/Anderson Building));
- A beautiful and varied collection of plants, statuary, fountains, monuments, and structures representative of Victorian cultural attainments and garden embellishments;
- Demonstrating a very early example of providing public access to open space or parkland (1831 cf 1850s in England);
- Their being the site of the first zoo in Australia;
- Their being the site of the 1878 International | 21,401 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
Exhibition, and Garden Palace, a major event for Sydney and the first such exhibition in Australia, featuring works of art and industry.
## Associations.
The Botanic Garden and The Domain demonstrate strong or special associations with the life and works of persons, groups of persons of importance in NSW's cultural and natural history, including:
- Their association with the work and influence of key figures in the European scientific world such as Sir Joseph Banks, Sir William Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker at Kew Gardens, London;
- Their association with the life and works of past Domain overseers, including David Wilson, August Kloster and James Jones, many of whom made significant contributions | 21,402 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
to the development of the Domain and other public areas in Sydney designed by the Directors of the Botanic Garden and their staff;
- For their rich heritage of memorials as elements of urban design, including The Domain's Henry Kendall memorial seat, the Palace Garden Gates and wall, the Cunningham memorial island and obelisk, the monument to the forces of the Desert Mounted Corps wall, the Captain Arthur Phillip fountain monument and the sunken garden memorial to the Pioneers.
## Aesthetic significance.
The Botanic Garden and The Domain have aesthetic significance for the following reasons:
- As a palimpsest of one hundred and fifty years of Colonial and Victorian garden design with some | 21,403 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
very fine late 19th century landscaping;
- For demonstrating a mixture of early 19th century garden design styles with Colonial style geometric beds in the middle garden and picturesque romantic style features such as serpentine paths and island beds in the other areas;
- Their design as a public pleasure garden, containing many enclosed scenes enhanced with decorative foliage and water forms and providing many enframed views across the harbour;
- For the public role key Directors such as Moore and Maiden played in propagating and promoting rainforest tree and palm species and good design in garden making in the planting of public streets, parks and institutional grounds around NSW;
- Their | 21,404 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
continuing educational role in demonstrating high standards of ornamental horticulture to the public;
- As an important major defining landscape and recreational asset of Sydney;
- For The Domain's role as a contributing and defining element providing continuity in the series of public parklands extending from Hyde Park to the Royal Botanic Garden, important in the open space network of the City of Sydney;
- Because of the reciprocal visual relationship between the Garden and The Domain and the historic buildings group along Macquarie Street, Hospital Road and St. Mary's Cathedral. These buildings are part of the setting of the Garden and Domain, and the Garden and The Domain in turn form | 21,405 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
a parkland backdrop setting for these buildings, which is appreciated by their users and the public;
- For including a number of individually significant structures of high aesthetic value such as the Art Gallery of NSW, the Domain Lodge and a group of statues and memorials including the Robert Burns statue;
- For their rich tradition of gently curving walls, including the two Macquarie walls, the Farm Cove sea wall, the Woolloomooloo gates and wall, the Government House western terrace walls and the walls that originally contained The Domain.
## Scientific significance.
The Botanic Garden and The Domain have scientific significance as:
- Australia's oldest scientific institution (1816);
- | 21,406 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
Continuing centre for scientific research, particularly in systematic taxonomic botany;
- Historic centre for economic botany and experimental horticulture, being a key place for exportation of Australian native plants (most active period of exporting to Europe was up until 1820), and for the importation, acclimatisation, propagation and dispersal of plants establishing many of Australia's horticultural and agricultural industries, such as the wine and olive industries and experimenting with many others (opium poppies, eucalypt oil distillation);
- Their demonstration of the extensive international colonial exchange network of botanic gardens in promoting plant exploration, discovery, taxonomy, | 21,407 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
propagation, dispersal and cultivation;
- Their association with the work and influence of key figures in the European scientific world such as Sir Joseph Banks, Sir William Hooker and Joseph Dalton Hooker at Kew Gardens, London;
- Their association with the work and influence of key figures in Australian botany such as Alan Cunningham, Charles Fraser, John Carne Bidwill, Charles Moore, Joseph Maiden;
- Their rich (c110 species) and early (1860s) collection of temperate and subtropical climate palms, considered one of the finest in the world;
- Their fine collection of trees from the South Pacific and other Pacific regions, including of the family Araucariaceae (e.g.: the genera "Araucaria" | 21,408 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
and "Agathis") and figs (the genus "Ficus").
## Social significance.
The Botanic Garden and The Domain have social significance for the following reasons:
- They demonstrate a very early example of providing public access to open space or parkland (1831 cf 1850s in England);
- Their long and continuing role in providing pleasure, edification and interest to the public while at the same time representing key social values such as law, order and social status;
- Their recreational use by the community over a long period and the domain which has traditionally been the centre for political and religious discussion and meetings and continues to provide venues for large public gatherings and | 21,409 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
entertainment;
- Their being the site of the first zoo in Australia (1860 aviary);
- Their being the site of the 1878 International Exhibition, and Garden Palace, a major event for Sydney and the first such exhibition in Australia, featuring works of art and industry;
- Their continuing role in public education through lectures, demonstration plantings etc. on the value and diversity of plants, their beauty, range, uses and cultivation, and more recently on nature conservation and biodiversity issues;
- Their continuing educational role in demonstrating high standards of ornamental horticulture to the public;
- As a significant site for political and religious discussion and meetings, democratic | 21,410 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
debate and the expression of dissent, in the Domain;
- As demonstration of the importance placed upon accessible and inalienable public space in Sydney, which dates back to the 1830s;
- As a habitat to a threatened fauna species, the grey headed flying fox (bat).
## Archaeological significance.
The Botanic Garden and The Domain are identified in the Archaeological Zoning Plan for Central Sydney as an Area of Archaeological Potential, with the potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of NSW's cultural or natural history. It is an area potentially rich in archaeological remains, dating from Aboriginal occupation and the earliest years of the establishment of | 21,411 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
the colony.
- Central Depot
The Central Depot is of historical significance for its previous use as the kitchen garden associated with Government House (1813–1870) and its ongoing historic use as a centre for plant propagation, cultivation and display serving the Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney. It contains several rare late 19th and early 20th century glasshouses, and retains evidence of their original heating systems. The Central Depot is of research significance for its archaeological potential.
The archaeology within the Central Depot belongs to all of the identified time frames of the overall statement of archaeological significance for the Botanic Gardens. The early remains of the first | 21,412 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
farm, and the Macquaries' landscaping of the Domain all built by convicts, are of exceptional State heritage significance. Other archaeological evidence, glasshouses and the boiler room equipment and such, associated with the development of the Botanic Garden can contribute to the story of the Garden and has high Local archaeological significance.
- The Tarpeian Way
The Tarpeian Way is of State significance for its prominence as a quarried, weathered sandstone cliff face, with stone steps and iron railing, which defines the northern boundary of the Royal Botanic Garden and the southern boundary of the Sydney Opera House. The drama, scale and simplicity of the quarried sandstone face of theTarpeian | 21,413 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
Wall plays a crucial role in supporting the entry point and setting of the Sydney Opera House, where it provides an enclosing "backstage wall" to the open forecourt space. It is considered a "crucial element in [the World Heritage] Buffer Zone . . . including its steps and upper perimeter fence. Although not legally on the Sydney Opera House site, it immediately borders and defines its southern edge and the open space of the forecourt. Because of its scale, location and configuration, it plays a crucial role in the approach and entry experience, setting, and definition, of the Sydney Opera House site." A substantial rock cutting of the Bennelong headland, undertaken in 1880 at a cost of , it | 21,414 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
enabled the extension of Macquarie Street. 'Its vertical quarried sandstone face, with its steps and fence, is an historic artefact in its own right and retains the only visible evidence of activities on the Sydney Opera House site predating the Opera House itself.' Its traces of anti-Vietnam War graffiti dating from the 1970s are of State significance as a remnant of an important Australian social movement in a major public space. The Tarpeian Way is of local significance for its associations with politicians and bureaucrats who authorised and undertook the cutting in 1880 including Sydney Alderman C. Moore, J. S. Farnell, then Minister for Lands, E. Bradridge, City Surveyor and Mr. Moriarty, | 21,415 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
the Engineer for Harbours and Rivers. The Tarpeian Way has an unusually dramatic, classical association through its name with the famous rock in Rome from which prisoners were hurled to their deaths in ancient times. The Tarpeian Way is of State social significance for the high regard in which it is held as a dramatic backdrop to the forecourt space of the Sydney Opera House, and as an access point between the Sydney Opera House and the Royal Botanic Garden. It is often used by members of the public enjoying its marvellous views of the Sydney Opera House and harbour setting.
The Royal Botanic Garden and The Domain were listed on the New South Wales State Heritage Register on 2 April 1999 having | 21,416 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
satisfied the following criteria.
The place is important in demonstrating the course, or pattern, of cultural or natural history in New South Wales.
The second oldest botanic garden in the southern hemisphere, the only older one being Rio de Janeiro. It contains many important structures and memorials from early Colonial times when it formed part of the Governor's Domain.
The place is important in demonstrating aesthetic characteristics and/or a high degree of creative or technical achievement in New South Wales.
Within the Royal Botanic Garden there is a beautiful and varied collection of statuary, fountains, monuments, and structures representative of Victorian cultural attainments and | 21,417 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
garden embellishments. Magnificent garden on the site of Australia's first farm, now providing beauty and peace in contrast to the city skyline.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
It contains an important botanical collection vital for education and research.
# See also.
- Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan
- Auburn Botanical Gardens
- Blue Mountains Botanic Garden
- Macquarie Culvert
- National Herbarium of New South Wales
- The Domain, Sydney
- Parks in Sydney
- Geography of Sydney
# External links.
- The Allan Cunningham Project dedicated to documenting information related | 21,418 |
1803839 | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Royal%20Botanic%20Garden,%20Sydney | Royal Botanic Garden, Sydney
's first farm, now providing beauty and peace in contrast to the city skyline.
The place has potential to yield information that will contribute to an understanding of the cultural or natural history of New South Wales.
It contains an important botanical collection vital for education and research.
# See also.
- Australian Botanic Garden Mount Annan
- Auburn Botanical Gardens
- Blue Mountains Botanic Garden
- Macquarie Culvert
- National Herbarium of New South Wales
- The Domain, Sydney
- Parks in Sydney
- Geography of Sydney
# External links.
- The Allan Cunningham Project dedicated to documenting information related to Allan Cunningham Botanist Explorer 1791–1839
- [CC-By-SA] | 21,419 |
1803982 | Love of the Aegean Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love%20of%20the%20Aegean%20Sea | Love of the Aegean Sea
Love of the Aegean Sea
Love At The Aegean Sea () is a romantic Taiwanese drama starring Alec Su, Peter Ho, and Chae Rim.
# Storyline.
The drama opens with fascinating scenery in Greece, the destination Guan Xiaotong (Chae Rim) and the travel mate she found herself over the Internet, Li Yaoxiang (Peter Ho), are heading to. Arguing with Li time after time in the trip, Guan packs up to return home out of spite. She then meets Lu Enqi (Alec Su), who has been upset with his mother's matchmaking. The two decide to head for the Greek island of Santorini and begin to fall for each other. Their love story, however, does not develop into what they expected, and they begin to fall into the love entanglement | 21,420 |
1803982 | Love of the Aegean Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Love%20of%20the%20Aegean%20Sea | Love of the Aegean Sea
ic Taiwanese drama starring Alec Su, Peter Ho, and Chae Rim.
# Storyline.
The drama opens with fascinating scenery in Greece, the destination Guan Xiaotong (Chae Rim) and the travel mate she found herself over the Internet, Li Yaoxiang (Peter Ho), are heading to. Arguing with Li time after time in the trip, Guan packs up to return home out of spite. She then meets Lu Enqi (Alec Su), who has been upset with his mother's matchmaking. The two decide to head for the Greek island of Santorini and begin to fall for each other. Their love story, however, does not develop into what they expected, and they begin to fall into the love entanglement with Li.
# Cast.
- Alec Su
- Chae Rim
- Peter Ho | 21,421 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
James Riady
James Tjahaja Riady (; born 1957 in Djakarta) (also known as Lie Zen) is the deputy chairman of the Lippo Group, a major Indonesian conglomerate. He is a Chinese Indonesian, and also the son of Mochtar Riady, who founded Lippo. Lippo ceded its control of Lippo Bank to Khazanah of Malaysia in 2005. Since his conversion to evangelical Christianity, James is now focusing on the study of theology.
# Early life.
Riady studied at the University of Melbourne in Australia.
# Business activities.
Riady's entry into the American business community began in 1977, when he was persuaded by Arkansas banking moguls W. R. Witt and Jackson T. Stephens, and founders of Stephens Inc., one of America's | 21,422 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
largest investment banks outside of Wall Street, to become partners in the Stephens's Worthen Banking Corporation, after the younger Riady was sent by his father, Mochtar Riady, to set up a banking presence in the United States. Mochtar Riady was also interested in helping Jimmy Carter's former budget director, Bert Lance, sell stock he held in the National Bank of Georgia, though the deal never materialized. Through their dealings with Stephens Inc. the Riadys made the acquaintance of the then-Arkansas governor, Bill Clinton. In the early 1980s James and his father signed a licensing agreement with Zenith Electronics to produce color television sets in Indonesia and built a large production | 21,423 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
plant near Jakarta. Later, in 1985, Worthen was indicted of having administered several million dollars' worth of illegal, preferential loans to companies owned by the Riadys. The loans had allegedly been channeled through Lippo Finance and Investment, the Riadys' Little Rock-based company established in 1983, as well as the Stephenses and Liem Swie Liong, another Chinese-Indonesian businessman, sometimes described as having been Mochtar's mentor.
After Worthen, James Riady bought the Bank of Trade in California, the oldest Chinese-American bank. Not long afterwards, the U.S. federal government issued cease-and-desist orders for "hazardous lending" and for violations against the money-laundering | 21,424 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
statutes. Riady then promptly sold the bank.
James Riady moved to Los Angeles and established Lippo Bank with the help of Taiwanese banker John Huang. Again the bank lost a lot of money, made a number of bad loans, and violated laws of money laundering. James Riady established ties with Johnny Rayati in 2018 to enter the cannabis business in Washington State.
Together with Jim Guy Tucker he established a company called AcrossAsia Multimedia Ltd. Tucker, another former Arkansas governor, had been forced to vacate the governor's mansion in 1996 due to alleged fraud in the Whitewater scandal. The two had met through Little Rock's Second Presbyterian Church. With AcrossAsia Multimedia they wanted | 21,425 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
to build the largest cable TV infrastructure in Indonesia using a company called Kabelvision. The venture was unsuccessful.
The Riady family recently acquired the tallest skyscraper in the western US, Los Angeles' US Bank Tower, for $367.5M through OUE, a Singapore-listed entity that it controls.
# Controversies.
## Clinton Finance Scandal.
Corruption controversies have marked Riady's business career. In the 1996 presidential campaign, James Riady was a major campaign contributor to the Democratic Party. In 1998, the United States Senate conducted an investigation of the finance scandal of the 1996 U.S. presidential campaign. James Riady was indicted and pleaded guilty to campaign finance | 21,426 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
violations by himself and his corporation. He was ordered to pay an 8.6 million U.S. dollar fine for contributing foreign funds to the Democratic Party, the largest fine ever levied in a campaign finance case.
## KPPU Bribery Scandal.
In 2008, Riady's close business associate Billy Sindoro, an executive of Riady's Jakarta-based First Media, was filmed handing bribes to officials of Indonesia's anti-monopoly agency, the KPPU. Riady and First Media were then in a business dispute with a Malaysian company and the KPPU was deliberating that dispute. Sindoro was later found guilty of corruption. In December 2008, the Riady-owned Jakarta Globe published a sympathetic portrait of Sindoro in prison | 21,427 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
where he lamented he would not be able to spend Christmas with his family.
## Obama Visa Waiver.
In January 2010, the Washington Post revealed how the 'disgraced' Riady had received a visa waiver by the Obama Administration to re-enter the US, despite having been banned by the Bush administration. Riady's old friend, US Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton claimed she had no knowledge of the visa waiver. A State Department official, embarrassed by the Post's revelation, said "the reality of his past remains a significant obstacle for future travel to the United States." Riady received a waiver from a rule that forbids entry to foreigners guilty of "a crime involving moral turpitude," | 21,428 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
a term that government lawyers generally interpret to include fraud.
James Riady lives with his family in Lippo Village, Karawaci, surrounded by security aides. He has been demonized by the media because of his involvement in the campaign financing scandal. Hendardi, an Indonesian human rights activist, once stated that Riady's "major achievement was to export corruption to the U.S."
# Evangelical activities.
Since converting to Christianity in 1990, Riady has been an avid evangelical. He has established foundations, charities and Christian-inspired schools to spread the message in Muslim-majority Indonesia. Inevitably, his zeal has clashed with Muslim fundamentalists in the country. On 23 | 21,429 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
July 2001, Fortune published an interview in which he espoused his vision of converting poor villages to Christianity. The second biggest Muslim organization in Indonesia, the 28-million-strong Muhammadiyah, quickly assembled mass protests and demonstrations against him..
Under the organization Yayasan Pendidikan Pelita Harapan, Riady helped to establish a Christian university named Universitas Pelita Harapan (UPH). He recruits students from all around Indonesia to attend the school's "Teachers College" (TC) on a scholarship program, training them to be teachers and sending them out to bring education to the remote areas of Indonesia. Graduates of Teachers College are often placed in schools | 21,430 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
owned and run by the organization: Sekolah Pelita Harapan, Sekolah Dian Harapan, and Sekolah Lentera Harapan. He is involved quite personally in this particular college, enforcing a strict code of discipline as well as requiring these students to attend weekly chapel and his own church. He is well known at the university for his sermons at weekly chapel, in which he focuses extensively on a chapter-by-chapter exegesis of Romans. Riady adheres to Reformed theology, often referred to as Calvinism.
# Arts interests.
James is a serious collector of paintings and is known to have spent millions of dollars for a single work of art that he likes. Part of his vast collection can be seen on display | 21,431 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
in the UPH Painting Museum located on the 3rd floor of Matahari Towers in Lippo Karawaci. It stores more than 700 paintings by both prominent national and international painters including Raden Saleh, Affandi, A. Sudjono, Barli, Wakidi, A.D. Pirous, Widayat, Zaini, Srihadi Soedarsono, Agus Djaya, Trubus, Mochtar Apin, Sudjana Kerton, Ivan Sagito, But Mochtar, Hendra Gunawan, Dede Eri Supria, Nasiah Djamin, Walter Speis, R. Bommet, Willem Dooijewaard, J.D. Van Herwerden, etc. (Ovuvwevwevwe, Kacrut, 2016)
# Family.
James Riady lives in Karawaci with his family. He is married to Aileen Hambali, and they have four children altogether: Caroline Riady Djojonegoro, John Riady, Stephanie Riady, and | 21,432 |
1803922 | James Riady | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=James%20Riady | James Riady
ters including Raden Saleh, Affandi, A. Sudjono, Barli, Wakidi, A.D. Pirous, Widayat, Zaini, Srihadi Soedarsono, Agus Djaya, Trubus, Mochtar Apin, Sudjana Kerton, Ivan Sagito, But Mochtar, Hendra Gunawan, Dede Eri Supria, Nasiah Djamin, Walter Speis, R. Bommet, Willem Dooijewaard, J.D. Van Herwerden, etc. (Ovuvwevwevwe, Kacrut, 2016)
# Family.
James Riady lives in Karawaci with his family. He is married to Aileen Hambali, and they have four children altogether: Caroline Riady Djojonegoro, John Riady, Stephanie Riady, and Henry Riady. His father is Mochtar Riady, a prominent Indonesian businessman.
# External links.
- US Department of Justice statement
- Washington Post profile from 1998 | 21,433 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
Kevin McKenna
Kevin James McKenna (born 21 January 1980) is a Canadian former professional soccer who played as a centre back. Occasionally, he also played as a central midfielder or striker.
# Club career.
McKenna began to play with soccer 1990 in the Academy team of Calgary Foothills and was promoted to the senior team in 1991. He was selected for the Alberta Provincial Under 15 team in 1995 and won the Canadian National Championships with them that year. Owen Hargreaves was also part of that Alberta team.
## Energie Cottbus.
After playing with Calgary Foothills as an amateur, McKenna played three seasons (the first two in the reserves) with German Bundesliga side Energie Cottbus. On the | 21,434 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
first game of the 2000–01 season, McKenna and international teammate Paul Stalteri simultaneously became the first Canadian to play in the German Bundesliga in a match between McKenna's newly promoted Cottbus and Stalteri's Werder Bremen.
## Hearts.
In 2001, McKenna moved to Scottish Premier League team Hearts on loan, playing eight games for the Edinburgh club. After a £300,000 transfer that summer, McKenna was the club's second leading scorer in the 2001–02 season with nine goals in 35 games. As a mostly reserve striker in 2002–03, McKenna scored six in 41. He also scored five goals in 38 games in 2003–04. After falling out of favour at Hearts in 2005, McKenna returned to Energie Cottbus. | 21,435 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
He was elected as the club's new captain after the departure of former skipper Gregg Berhalter.
## 1. FC Köln.
In the summer of 2007, McKenna signed a four-year contract with 1. FC Köln, dropping down a division to the German Second Division. McKenna made his debut for his new team on 10 August 2007, in a 2–0 away win against FC St. Pauli. Several weeks later, McKenna scored his first goal for the club on 5 October in a 4–1 home victory over Kickers Offenbach. He helped Köln to promotion into the top flight in his first season with the club.
McKenna scored his first goal in the 2010–11 season in a 4–2 away loss to powerhouse Werder Bremen on 28 August, the other goal scored by teammate Lukas | 21,436 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
Podolski. Weeks later during the month of September, McKenna had surgery done on his knee and was labeled out indefinitely, however he made a faster recovery then originally anticipated and returned to the first team in early December. He did not see any playing time until being subbed on in the 75th minute to Schalke 04 on 19 December, the game ended as a 3–0 loss.
McKenna made his 2011–12 debut as a starter on 13 August against Schalke in the team's second game of the season, it ended as a 5–1 away loss. Two weeks later Mckenna scored his first goal of the season and the winning goal to beat Hamburger SV in a thrilling 4–3 away victory.
# International career.
McKenna made his debut for | 21,437 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
Canada in a May 2000 friendly match against Trinidad and Tobago. By November 2009, he has earned a total of 46 caps, scoring nine goals. He has represented Canada in four FIFA World Cup qualification matches. McKenna has been a regular for the Canadian national team since 2002, when he featured in the CONCACAF Gold Cup as a target man for Holger Osieck's side. McKenna scored three goals, including a brace over Haiti in the first round.
McKenna earned his 50th cap for team Canada in a friendly against Ecuador prior to the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, the game ended in a 2–2 home draw at BMO Field. McKenna was named the captain for Canada during the Gold Cup with Paul Stalteri not in the tournament | 21,438 |
1803960 | Kevin McKenna | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Kevin%20McKenna | Kevin McKenna
da in four FIFA World Cup qualification matches. McKenna has been a regular for the Canadian national team since 2002, when he featured in the CONCACAF Gold Cup as a target man for Holger Osieck's side. McKenna scored three goals, including a brace over Haiti in the first round.
McKenna earned his 50th cap for team Canada in a friendly against Ecuador prior to the 2011 CONCACAF Gold Cup, the game ended in a 2–2 home draw at BMO Field. McKenna was named the captain for Canada during the Gold Cup with Paul Stalteri not in the tournament roster.
# Honours.
Individual
- CONCACAF Gold Cup Best XI: 2002
Canada Under 15 Cup Winners 1995
International
- CONCACAF Gold Cup:
- Third place: 2002 | 21,439 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
AeroVironment
AeroVironment, Inc. is an American technology company in Monrovia, California, and Simi Valley, California, that is primarily involved in energy systems, electric vehicle systems, and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Paul B. MacCready, Jr., a designer of human-powered aircraft, founded the company in 1971. The company is probably most well known for developing a series of lightweight human-powered and then solar-powered vehicles. AeroVironment is the Pentagon's top supplier of small drones — including the Raven, Wasp and Puma models. They have signed a strategic partnership with Lockheed Martin Corp to develop their 'Global Observer' to provide "persistent airborne observation".
# | 21,440 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
Vehicles developed.
Among the vehicles the company built are:
- Gossamer Condor - The first successful human-powered airplane. The Gossamer Condor is on display at the National Air and Space Museum, since it won the first Kremer Prize in 1977.
- Gossamer Albatross - In 1979 this human-powered plane flew across the English Channel and claimed the largest prize in aviation history. Another of these planes is displayed at the National Air and Space Museum.
- Gossamer Penguin - A solar-powered variant of the Gossamer Albatross.
- Solar Challenger - This plane flew from Paris France to England on solar power.
- High Altitude Solar (HALSOL)-This solar-powered unmanned aircraft was sponsored | 21,441 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
by the CIA in the 1980s as the first unmanned solar-powered aircraft in history prototyped for national security missions. It was declassified and transferred to the Ballistic Missile Defense Organization (BMDO) in 1993 where it was modified as a high altitude, long endurance (HALE) UAV technology demonstrator capable of becoming weaponized to destroy theater ballistic missiles in the boost phase of flight (called Boost Phase Intercept). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory was the executing agent for the BMDO program. Dr. Nick Colella and Dr. Lowell Wood led the LLNL efforts for the BMDO program manager, LtCol (USAF) Dale Tietz. Ray Morgan led the program in AeroVironment alongside Dr. Paul | 21,442 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
MacCready and Tim Conver. This was a fast-paced demo program supported at the highest levels of government. The ultimate goal was to develop the world's first "fly forever" HALE UAV that could be configured for a variety of national security missions. The program was cancelled in 1995 due to budget reductions in the Clinton Administration at which time the aircraft, called Pathfinder, was transferred to NASA for a new program. Pathfinder flew several flight test missions at NASAs Dryden Flight Research Center before the property transfer occurred. BMDO and LLNL also started initial development of new, ultra-lightweight hypersonic interceptor rockets that could be deployed from Pathfinder and | 21,443 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
its derivatives. The interceptor, called Astrid, flew several successful missions during this time period at Vandenberg AFB, CA.
- NASA Pathfinder and Pathfinder Plus - This unmanned plane, built by AeroVironment as a part of the NASA ERAST Program, demonstrated that an airplane could stay aloft for an extended period of time fueled purely by solar power. After initial successes, the Pathfinder was rebuilt into the larger Pathfinder Plus, which is also on display at the National Air and Space Museum. Dale Tietz from the Pentagon's BMDO program transferred the Pathfinder aircraft to NASA for the ERAST Program, where AeroVironment managed its development as a non-weaponized variant.
- NASA Centurion | 21,444 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
- The Centurion was an expansion of the Pathfinder concept, designed to achieve the ERAST Program goal of sustained flight at altitude.
- NASA Helios Prototype - Derived from the Centurion, this solar cell and fuel cell powered UAV set a world record for flight at . It was intended to be the prototype for the production Helios aircraft, envisioned as an "atmospheric satellite". The ERAST program was terminated in 2003, and as of 2008 Helios has not entered production. In actuality, it has been reborn in the form of the Global Observer UAS, currently in development under a Joint Concept Technology Demonstration led by USSOCOM. The key technology shift was switching from solar power to liquid | 21,445 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
hydrogen power.
- AeroVironment Global Observer - The Los Angeles Times reported first flight of Global Observer happening at the Mojave Desert in the first week of January, 2011. Global Observer is powered from hydrogen, appears to have 4 motors with twin-bladed props, has a wingspan, maximum altitude, airspeed greater than , and 5 to 7 day maximum flight duration.
- Sunraycer - This solar-powered car won the first world's first solar car race in Australia in 1987. The next fastest car finished two days after the Sunraycer. This car is at the Smithsonian National Museum of American History.
- GM Impact - This was an electric car, developed as a serious prototype for a mass-production consumer | 21,446 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
car.
- AeroVironment RQ-11 Raven - a small military UAV. It is hand launched with a wingspan of and a weight of , providing color and infrared video to its handheld ground control as well as remote viewing stations. Over 9,000 Ravens have been delivered or are on order as of June 2008.
- AeroVironment Wasp III - a miniature, hand-launched production UAV that provides aerial observation at line-of-sight ranges up to . In 2007, the Wasp was selected by the US Air Force as the choice for their BATMAV Program. As of 2008, over 1,000 Wasp aircraft have been delivered to customers worldwide.
- AeroVironment RQ-20 Puma - a small lightweight, battery powered, hand-launched production UAV that provides | 21,447 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
aerial observation at line-of-sight ranges up to . Puma's avionics enable autonomous flight and precise GPS navigation. It was originally designed to demonstrate advanced propulsion technologies for such aircraft. It flew in June 2007 for five hours powered by an onboard "fuel cell battery hybrid energy storage system." Another attempt in November 2007 saw a flight time greater than seven hours. These experimental flights integrated ProCore fuel cell from Protonex Technology Corporation and hydrogen generation technology from Millennium Cell, Inc. On July 2, 2008, U.S. Special Operations Command (USSOCOM) selected the Puma AE variant as its All Environment Capable Variant (AECV) solution.
- | 21,448 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
AeroVironment Nano Hummingbird - Announced in 2011, a hummingbird look-alike drone equipped with a camera, can fly at speeds of up to per hour. It can climb and descend vertically, fly sideways, forward and backward, as well as rotate clockwise and counter-clockwise by remote control for about eight minutes.
- AeroVironment SkyTote - a VTOL-fixed wing hybrid UAV, which has attained the advantages of both plane designs (respectively VTOL takeoff capability and decreased energy usage).
- Aerovironment Switchblade - A miniature, electrically powered, armed unmanned drone kamikaze weapon, for use by deployed military troops in the field.
- AeroVironment FQM-151 Pointer
- AeroVironment RQ-14 | 21,449 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
Dragon Eye
- AeroVironment Snipe - a small quadrotor design small enough to be deployed by an individual to collect surveillance information. It weighs , can reach speeds of with a range of more than , employs rechargeable batteries to fly for 15 minutes, can withstand winds of , and is equipped with EO/IR, low light-capable and long-wave infrared sensors to take photos or video in day or night conditions. In May 2017, the first 20 Snipes were delivered to an undisclosed U.S. military customer.
# Programs.
AeroVironment holds a five-year, $4.7 million IDIQ (indefinite-delivery, indefinite-quantity) contract from the U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory for the development of advanced propulsion | 21,450 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
technologies for UAVs. The contract also provides for specific technological tasks such as integration of solar cells into aircraft wings, electric motor efficiency improvement technologies, and development of hydrogen storage systems for aircraft.
In 2013, AeroVironment participated in the DARPA TERN program, and received $2 million for Phase 1 and $19 million for Phase 2. The "Tactically Exploited Reconnaissance Node" program attempts to launch and recover a UAV from mid-size ships to provide long distance intelligence gathering. However, in September 2015 AeroVironment was not selected to move onto Phase 3 of the program.
## HAPSMobile.
On January 3, 2018, AeroVironment announced it will | 21,451 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
design and develop solar-powered high-altitude unmanned aircraft and ground control stations for a Joint Venture with Japanese telco SoftBank (95%) for $65 million.
On April 25, 2019, the stratospheric Hawk30 was rolled out for the joint venture, HAPSMobile.
Resembling the 1999 Helios, the tailless aircraft is a span flying wing with 10 electric-driven propellers.
Orbiting at , it is solar-powered by day and battery-powered by night to stay aloft for up to six months initially.
Service life should be two year and time on station should be extended by 1-2 months with experience.
Remotely piloted for the ascent and descent, il will be autonomous once on station in the stratosphere.
Commercial | 21,452 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
operations should begin in 2023, operating year-round at latitudes +/- 30° from the equator.
The HAWK30 cruises at 59 kn (110 km/h).
It would provide 4G LTE and 5G direct to devices over a 200 km (125 mi) diameter area, and 40 aircraft could cover the entire Japanese archipelago.
It should be interoperable with terrestrial cell towers to expand their coverage and as a proxy for the SoftBank-backed OneWeb satellite constellation, not suited for providing links directly to devices.
AeroVironment design development increased by $39 million to $129 million, and a later Hawk50 would allow operations from +/- 50° around the equator to cover Japan and North America.
The same day, SoftBank invested | 21,453 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
$125 million in Loon, a subsidiary of Google parent Alphabet, developing high-altitude balloons for internet connectivity since 2011, which can make a similar investment in HAPSMobile.
They can collaborate on common ground stations, communications payloads and can share network connectivity in flight.
HAPSMobile could also use the Loon-developed fleet management system and software-defined network.
# Electric vehicle charging stations.
AeroVironment offers a 240 V home-charging station for electric vehicles.
It is compatible with the SAE J1772 standard for level 2 charging.
Nissan selected AeroVironment to supply this home charging station and installation services for the Nissan Leaf | 21,454 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
electric car.
AeroVironment also sells level 3 high-voltage DC fast-charge stations compatible with the CHAdeMO standard that can charge a Think electric car to 80% in 15 minutes.
AeroVironment participates in various government and industry initiatives to create an electric vehicle charging infrastructure. AeronVironment partnered with eMotorWerks to integrate support for JuiceNet into its charging stations.
AeroVironment also sells the PosiCharge line of industrial electric vehicle charging systems for forklifts and other warehouse vehicles.
# Subsidiaries.
AeroVironment owns Skytower, Inc., which was formed in 2000 to develop the technologies and government approvals to use high altitude | 21,455 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
UAVs as "atmospheric satellites", or high altitude communications relay platforms.
In July 2002 the NASA/AeroVironment UAV Pathfinder Plus carried commercial communications relay equipment developed by Skytower in a test of using the aircraft as a broadcast platform. Skytower, in partnership with NASA and the Japan Ministry of Telecommunications, tested the concept of an "atmospheric satellite" by successfully using the aircraft to transmit both an HDTV signal as well as an IMT-2000 wireless communications signal from , giving the aircraft the equivalence of a tall transmitter tower. Because of the aircraft's high lookdown angle, the transmission utilized only one watt of power, or 1/10,000 | 21,456 |
1803967 | AeroVironment | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=AeroVironment | AeroVironment
ission utilized only one watt of power, or 1/10,000 of the power required by a terrestrial tower to provide the same signal. According to Stuart Hindle, Vice President of Strategy & Business Development for SkyTower, "SkyTower platforms are basically geostationary satellites without the time delay." Further, Hindle said that such platforms flying in the stratosphere, as opposed to actual satellites, can achieve much higher levels of frequency use. "A single SkyTower platform can provide over 1,000 times the fixed broadband local access capacity of a geostationary satellite using the same frequency band, on a bytes per second per square mile basis."
# External links.
- AeroVironment website | 21,457 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
The 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China were a series of groundbreaking visits by delegations of the Kuomintang (KMT) and their allied Pan-Blue Coalition to mainland China. They were hailed as the highest level of exchange between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang since Chiang Kai-shek and Mao Zedong met in Chongqing, China on August 28, 1945.
On March 28, 2005, the Kuomintang's vice chairman Chiang Pin-kung led a delegation in the first official visit to mainland China by a senior leader of the Kuomintang in 60 years. Later, on April 26, 2005, a 70-member delegation led by the Kuomintang's chairman Lien Chan left Taipei for the ROC's | 21,458 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
"de jure" capital of Nanjing via Hong Kong, launching Lien's 8-day Taiwan Strait peace tour; also the first such visit to mainland China in 60 years.
While in mainland China, Lien met with General Secretary Hu Jintao and expressed interest in improving cross-strait dialogues. Both also re-affirmed a belief in the "One China principle", which was not acknowledged by Taiwan's then-ruling party, the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP); a part of Taiwan's Pan-Green Coalition.
Lien's itinerary also included visits to Xi'an, where he had lived as a child during the Second Sino-Japanese War and World War II; Nanjing, the official capital of the Republic of China and the site of the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum; | 21,459 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
and Shanghai, China's largest city and site of extensive Taiwanese financial and economic investment in recent years.
# Background.
In 2004, the KMT first proposed that the former president candidate Lien Chan would visit mainland China as the elected President of the Republic of China, but this was set aside as Lien failed to win the 2004 ROC Presidential Election. In 2005, the KMT suggested initially sending the vice chairman of the party to mainland China, with further visits to follow. This plan was followed through on March 28, when Vice Chairman Chiang Pin-kung led his delegation to mainland China.
# Chiang's visit.
As part of the "ice-breaking tour", Chiang started his trip in Guangzhou | 21,460 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
to visit the graves of dozens of KMT members who died during an uprising against the Qing Dynasty in 1911. On the morning of March 30, the delegation visited the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum in Nanjing, then headed for Beijing to meet with CPPCC chairman Jia Qinglin. At the meeting, Jia conveyed Hu Jintao's invitation for Lien to Chiang. On April 1, Lien accepted the invitation at the Aichi Expo 2005.
# Lien's visit.
## Chiang Kai-shek International Airport.
Lien Chan and his 70-member delegation departed Taipei for Hong Kong on April 26, starting the 8-day ""journey of peace"" which the mainland Chinese media referred to as a "visit." The Chinese media changed the airport name from "Chiang Kai-Shek | 21,461 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
International Airport" airport to "Taoyuan airport" to avoid mentioning the name of former leader of KMT and the late President of the Republic of China, Chiang Kai-shek.
On that morning, about a thousand people gathered at the Chiang Kai-shek International Airport, and violent conflict broke out among the supporters and opponents of the tour, resulting in many injuries.
Some Pan-Green supporters illegally brought "guan daos", beer bottles, stones, eggs, firecrackers, clubs, and sharpened sugarcanes into the terminals and started beating Pan-Blue supporters and the police, throwing stones and setting off firecrackers in the meantime. Many members of the Democratic Progressive Party (DPP), | 21,462 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
the Taiwan Solidarity Union (TSU), and the Taiwan Independence Party were arrested, along with the host of a political talk show.
Pan-Blue supporters fought back, swearing "an eye for an eye". There were suspected Triad members clad in black in the mob, picking on Pan-Green's supporters, causing many to be hospitalized. The New Party chairman Yok Mu-ming was arrested, along with other people in the Pan-Blue Coalition.
Outside the airport, a few taxis attempted to blockade the highway, preventing Lien from reaching the airport, but they were repelled by the motorcade's police escort. Taiwan independence advocate Shi Ming and pan-Green supporters lit firecrackers in front of the terminal, but | 21,463 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
were not arrested.
Lien avoided the trouble entirely having been taken into the airport via a VIP entrance.
Because the Aviation Police Office of Taiwan proved inept in handling the riot, its director, Chen Jui-tien was dismissed that evening. The Minister of the Interior, Su Jia-chyuan offered to resign, but the offer was rejected by Premier Frank Hsieh.
On the Internet, teenagers parodied the event with a mock "Dynasty Warriors" battle.
## Nanjing.
The delegation transferred onto China Eastern Airlines to Nanjing in Hong Kong, where they were greeted by the PRC Liaison Office of Hong Kong.
Lien and the delegation arrived at Nanjing Lukou International Airport on April 26, at 16:40. Taiwan | 21,464 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
Affairs Office of the State Council head Chen Yunlin was at the airport to welcome the delegation. One of Lien's aides, Joanna Lai, quipped "It would have taken just two and half hours from Taipei to Nanjing by direct flight, but we took 50-60 years." Lien echoed the sentiment in a short speech upon arrival, saying "Taipei and Nanjing are not too distant, but it still took 60 years to come here. It certainly took too long to make the journey." That night he attended a banquet hosted by the leader of the Jiangsu provincial government and lodged at the Jinling Hotel.
On April 27, the delegation visited the Sun Yat-sen Mausoleum, where Lien burnt incense for the former President surrounded by | 21,465 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
the general public and press reporters. Lien quoted Sun Yat-Sen's last words ""peace, struggle, save China"" to promote a healthy relationship across the strait. Lien was the first KMT chairman to visit the mausoleum for 56 years.
On the same day, Lien visited the Ming Xiaoling Mausoleum, the former Republic of China Presidential Palace, Tianfei Gong, and the Fuzi Miao (Shrine of Confucius).
On the morning of April 28, Lien left Nanjing for Beijing.
## Beijing.
In the afternoon of April 28, Lien and the delegation arrived in the Beijing Capital International Airport, where he delivered another speech. Then he attended a conference with the Taiwan Affairs Office in the Diaoyutai State Guesthouse. | 21,466 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
Later, the delegation visited the Forbidden City. Lien met the CPPCC Chairman Jia Qinglin at the Great Hall of the People, and then watched a traditional Beijing opera performance.
On April 29, Lien gave a speech and answered questions from students and faculty in Peking University. The speech called for a 'win-win' future of cooperation and peace, praising both Deng Xiaoping and Chiang Ching-kuo as having made pivotal decisions that led to economic growth.
In the speech, he also mentioned that both Hu Shih and former National Taiwan University president Fu Sinian had graduated from Peking University, then worked at Taiwan University and spread liberalism there. "Therefore, in terms of liberalism, | 21,467 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
both Peking University and Taiwan University are born from the same root. Especially in mainland China, it can be said that it's a bastion of freedom." But a proportion of Taiwanese students disagreed, saying both Hu and Fu were fierce opponents of communism in favor of freedom of education, and thus the two universities can't be compared, and protested outside the front gate.
Lien then toured the university, and visited the dormitory where his mother once lived. At 15:00, Lien met Hu Jintao in the Great Hall of the People, marking a historical meeting between the Communist Party of China and the Kuomintang, the first since 1945. After 17:30, Lien held a press conference, and listed the five | 21,468 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
points of compromise settled upon by the two parties following the conference:
- 1. On the premise of acknowledging the 1992 Consensus, encourage the reopening of talks across the strait;
- 2. Encourage an end to hostilities, and establish peace;
- 3. Encourage cooperation in economic exchange and crime fighting, push for two-way direct flights across the strait, Three Links, and agricultural exchange;
- 4. Encourage talks regarding increasing Taiwan's international role; and
- 5. Establish a platform of communication between the two parties.
That evening, Lien changed his plan for the night and met with Hu Jintao again. Reportedly, Hu Jintao invited Lien for a politics-free chat as it | 21,469 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
was Lien's last night in Beijing.
## Xi'an.
On April 30 at 11:25, the delegation arrived at Xi'an Xianyang International Airport, starting Lien's tour of his birthplace. Welcoming Lien were officials of the Shaanxi provincial government, Taiwanese businessmen in mainland China, and children from Lien's elementary school.
At 3 pm Lien returned to Houzaimen Elementary School (then called Beixinjie Elementary), which he had attended 60 years ago. There he gave a speech and watched several presentations by the schoolchildren, among them the soon-famous "" skit reminiscent of the Cultural Revolution. Lien later donated to the school library, and the school gave him a long wall scroll in return.
After | 21,470 |
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visiting the school, the delegation visited the Terracotta Army. In the evening, Shaanxi provincial secretary Li Jianguo hosted a Tang Dynasty-style banquet for the delegation in the Tang Paradise theme park. Li presented the delegation with prints from the Stele Forest and ancient copperware, Lien in return gave famous Taiwanese glasswork. Later, the delegation watched the musical "Dream Back to the Tang" in the Fengming Jiutian Theatre.
Lien and his family members visited his grandmother's grave in Xi'an on May 1, and burnt incense at the nearby Qingliang Temple.
## Shanghai.
At 5pm on May 1, Lien arrived at Shanghai Pudong International Airport.
The next day, Lien cancelled his trip atop | 21,471 |
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the Oriental Pearl Tower and held a press conference at the Shanghai Shangri-la Hotel. He later visited Wang Daohan at Jinjiang Hotel. At nine he toured Xintiandi, and took a harbor cruise to view The Bund at night.
On May 3, 1pm, Lien and his delegation flew back to Taipei, via Hong Kong.
# Reactions.
The state media in mainland China covered the visit in great detail and much of the general public welcomed this delegation with enthusiasm.
The United States declared public support for Lien's visit, stating "diplomacy is the only way to resolve the cross-strait issue." However, the US also stressed that it would like to see the Communist Party of China (CPC) have talks with Taiwan's current | 21,472 |
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ruling party, as well as the KMT. Western political analysts have compared the handshake of Lien and Hu Jintao to that of Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat.
The European Union also welcomed the visit, stating they "hope it will prove to be the first positive step in the right direction."
In Taiwan, public opinion was split. While polls showed that more than half of the people didn't oppose this visit, the DPP argued that the People's Republic of China was attempting to play a divide-and-conquer game with Taiwan and causing a "widening schism" among the Taiwanese. Former ROC President and TSU affiliate Lee Teng-hui condemned the visits of Lien and Soong (see below), calling them sympathizers | 21,473 |
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of mainland China who want to undermine Taiwan's sovereignty.
Republic of China (ROC) President Chen Shui-bian initially condemned Lien and said that his visit might be in violation of ROC law. However, several days later Chen Shui-bian reversed his opinions and showed a cautious goodwill gesture to Lien's visit. Chen has also altered his stance on Taiwan independence. While during the 2004 Taiwan election, Chen stressed his support for Taiwanese independence; he now says that "both independence and re-unification are options" for Taiwan's future. Political fallout from Lien's trip is believed to have contributed to this change in rhetoric.
# Aftermath.
After Lien's visit, the PRC offered | 21,474 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
three "goodwill gifts" to the ROC: the normalization of tourism, which would allow direct flights across the Taiwan Strait; agricultural trade agreements that would increase sales of Taiwanese produce to mainland China; and two giant pandas for the Taipei Zoo. After much deliberation, authorities in Taiwan declined the final gift, saying that Taipei Zoo was not suited to the task of nurturing pandas. This decision was overturned following the election of Ma Ying-jeou to the presidency in March 2008.
James Soong, leader of the People First Party, followed Lien's visit on May 5 with a 9-day visit of his own. Like Lien, Soong also met with General Secretary Hu Jintao and expressed an interest | 21,475 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
in increasing cross-strait dialogue.
Prior to Soong's visit, President Chen extended an invitation to Hu Jintao to visit Taiwan so that he "can see with his own eyes that Taiwan is a sovereign nation." However, the CPC continues to show a lack of interest in dealing with Chen and the DPP.
# See also.
- Pan-Blue Coalition
- Chinese Political Parties
- Political status of Taiwan
- History of the Republic of China
- Politics of the Republic of China
- Cross-Strait relations
- 2015 Ma–Xi meeting
# External links.
- BBC Article
- EU hopes China-Taiwan talks will widen in scope News article on the European Union's support of Lien's visit
- Lien's triumphal PRC visit may have wide implications | 21,476 |
1803856 | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=2005%20Pan–Blue%20visits%20to%20mainland%20China | 2005 Pan–Blue visits to mainland China
Republic of China
- Cross-Strait relations
- 2015 Ma–Xi meeting
# External links.
- BBC Article
- EU hopes China-Taiwan talks will widen in scope News article on the European Union's support of Lien's visit
- Lien's triumphal PRC visit may have wide implications Editorial concerning Lien's visit to China and its impact on Taiwan politics
- Gift or hot potato? Taiwan news article on the pandas offered to the Taipei Zoo
- 'Bridge over troubled water' Taiwan news article on Soong's visit to the PRC
- Farmers interested in exports to China Taiwan news article on the agricultural trade deal offered by mainland China
- Kuomintang Official Website 中國國民黨
- Chinese Pan-blue Website 中國泛藍聯盟 | 21,477 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
Centro de Estudios Universitarios
The former Centro de Estudios Universitarios (CEU), currently called Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU, is a foundation for the development of education founded by the Catholic Propagandistic Association (ACdP).
Out of the many academic institutions it runs, it is mainly known for the prestigious university in Madrid, CEU San Pablo University, and CEU Cardenal Herrera University in Valencia.
# History.
Fundación Universitaria CEU was created in 1933 in Madrid, by the "Asociación Católica de Propagandistas" (Catholic Association of Propagandists) on the initiative of its first President, the Servant of God Ángel Herrera Oria. In 1972 the 'Centro de Estudios | 21,478 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
Universitarios' became the 'Fundación Universitaria San Pablo CEU', as we know it today. The original faculty consisted of prestigious teachers, many of whom, over time, became professors or ministers, and some have even reached the episcopate. In 1945, the institution received official recognition by the Ministry of Education as a center affiliated to the University of Madrid. The CEU Foundation then set up a teaching institute, under the name of St. Paul College, affiliated with the Complutense University of Madrid. In 1993, Herrera Oria's dream of founding a university was fulfilled when the CEU Foundation established the CEU San Pablo University in Madrid, capital of Spain. This was followed | 21,479 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
by the CEU Cardenal Herrera University, the first private school of law ever founded in Valencia. It has been associated to the University of Valencia since the early 1970s but the University took on its current name in 1999. The CEU Abat Oliva University is the third university established by the San Pablo CEU Foundation, and was founded in 2003. In 2005, all entities that are part of the institution were united under the name CEU.
# Institutions.
Schools and colleges run by the foundation:
## Universities.
- CEU San Pablo University, Madrid (1993)
- CEU Cardenal Herrera University, Valencia (1999)
- CEU Abat Oliva University, Barcelona (2003)
## High schools.
- Colegio CEU San Pablo, | 21,480 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
Claudio Coello (1971)
- Colegio CEU San Pablo, Valencia (1971)
- Colegio CEU San Pablo, Montepríncipe (1975)
- Colegio CEU San Pablo, Murcia (1975)
- Colegio CEU Jesús María, Alicante (2004)
- Colegio CEU Virgen Niña, Vitoria-Gasteiz (2010)
# Notable alumni.
- Maria Rosa Calvo-Manzano, harp professor at the Royal Superior Music Conservatory of Madrid (Real Conservatorio Superior de Música de Madrid); one of the founding members of the RTVE Orchestra
- María José Catalá, Spanish professional road bicycle racer
- José M. de Areilza, secretary General of Aspen Institute España, an independent foundation which is a partner of the Aspen Institute in the US
- Santos González, won the Spanish | 21,481 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
National Time Trial Championship in 1999 and 2001; won in 2000 a stage in Vuelta a España, where he finished fourth
- Máxim Huerta, host of the "El programa de Ana Rosa"
- Adolfo Suárez Illana, Spanish politician, lawyer; eldest son of Adolfo Suárez y González, 1st Duke of Suárez; Spain's first democratically elected Prime Minister after the dictatorship of Francisco Franco
- Silvia Jato, Spanish TV presenter who was nominated for prizes like TP de Oro and model who took part in Miss Spain in 1989 (being Maid of Honour) and in Miss Europe in 1991
- Ana Milán, Spanish actress and model; best known for her roles in television series "7 vidas", "Camera Café", "Yo soy Bea" and "Física o Química"
- | 21,482 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
Ana Pastor, Spanish journalist and anchorwoman
- Elsa Pataky, Spanish model, actress, and film producer known as Elena Neves in "Fast Five" and "Fast & Furious 6"
- Dalmacio Negro Pavón, Spanish university professor and author, member of the Spanish Royal Academy of Moral and Social Sciences"
- Federico Martínez Roda, Spanish historian, member of the Real Academia de Cultura Valenciana and correspondent of the Real Academia de la Historia
- Javier Rupérez, Spanish politician, diplomat and writer; since 2006 he has held the rank of full Ambassador within the Spanish Diplomatic Service, which he joined in 1967
- Joseph H. H. Weiler, Joseph Straus Professor of Law and European Union at New | 21,483 |
1803989 | Centro de Estudios Universitarios | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Centro%20de%20Estudios%20Universitarios | Centro de Estudios Universitarios
toria
- Javier Rupérez, Spanish politician, diplomat and writer; since 2006 he has held the rank of full Ambassador within the Spanish Diplomatic Service, which he joined in 1967
- Joseph H. H. Weiler, Joseph Straus Professor of Law and European Union at New York University Law School and President of the European University Institute in Florence
# Emeritus Professors.
- Luis Núñez Ladeveze, Emeritus Professor at the Communications and Humanities Faculty. Coordinator of the CEINDO (Escuela Internacional de Doctorado de las Universidades CEU).
- Justino Sinova. Emeritus Professor at the Communications and Humanities Faculty. Director of El Debate de Hoy
# External links.
- CEU homepage | 21,484 |
1803975 | Dance-punk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance-punk | Dance-punk
Dance-punk
Dance-punk (also known as disco-punk or funk-punk) is a music genre that emerged in the late 1970s, and is closely associated with the post-punk and new wave movements.
# Predecessors.
Many groups in the post-punk era adopted a more danceable style. These bands were influenced by funk, disco, new wave, and other dance music popular at the time (as well as being anticipated by some artists from 1970s including Sparks and Iggy Pop). Influential bands from the 1980s included Talking Heads, Public Image Ltd., New Order, Gang of Four, the Higsons, the Pop Group, Maximum Joy, the Brainiacs, Big Boys, Minutemen, and Red Hot Chili Peppers. New York City dance-punk included Defunkt, Material, | 21,485 |
1803975 | Dance-punk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance-punk | Dance-punk
James Chance and the Contortions, Cristina Monet, Bush Tetras, ESG, and Liquid Liquid. German punk singer Nina Hagen had an underground dance hit in 1983 with "New York / N.Y.", which mixed her searing punk (and opera) vocals with disco beats.
# Contemporary dance-punk.
Dance-punk was revived among some bands of the garage rock/post-punk revival in the early years of the new millennium, particularly acts such as LCD Soundsystem, Clinic, Death from Above 1979, Liars, Franz Ferdinand, Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Bloc Party, You Say Party, the Faint, the Rapture, Shout Out Out Out Out, and Radio 4, joined by dance-oriented acts who adopted rock sounds such as Out Hud, or Californian acts like !!! and Moving | 21,486 |
1803975 | Dance-punk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance-punk | Dance-punk
Units. In the early 2000s Washington, D.C. had a popular and notable punk-funk scene, inspired by Fugazi, post-punk, and go-go acts like Trouble Funk and Rare Essence, including bands like Q and Not U, Black Eyes, and Baltimore's Oxes, Double Dagger, and Dope Body. In Britain the combination of indie with dance-punk was dubbed new rave in publicity for Klaxons and the term was picked up and applied by the NME to bands including Trash Fashion, New Young Pony Club, Hadouken!, Late of the Pier, Test Icicles, and Shitdisco forming a scene with a similar visual aesthetic to earlier raves.
# See also.
- List of dance-punk artists
- Art punk
- Electropunk
- Electronic rock
# Bibliography.
- | 21,487 |
1803975 | Dance-punk | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dance-punk | Dance-punk
Not U, Black Eyes, and Baltimore's Oxes, Double Dagger, and Dope Body. In Britain the combination of indie with dance-punk was dubbed new rave in publicity for Klaxons and the term was picked up and applied by the NME to bands including Trash Fashion, New Young Pony Club, Hadouken!, Late of the Pier, Test Icicles, and Shitdisco forming a scene with a similar visual aesthetic to earlier raves.
# See also.
- List of dance-punk artists
- Art punk
- Electropunk
- Electronic rock
# Bibliography.
- Reynolds, Simon. "Mutant Disco and Punk-Funk: Crosstown Traffic in Early Eighties New York (and Beyond ...)." "Rip It Up and Start Again: Post-punk 1978-84". London: Faber and Faber, Ltd., 2005. | 21,488 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
Spruce Meadows
Spruce Meadows, is a multi-purpose sports facility near Calgary, Alberta built by the Southern family which opened in 1975.
The facility contains an equestrian show jumping complex that comprises . The current president and CEO of Spruce Meadows is Linda Southern-Heathcott, a former Olympian who competed in the 1996 Atlanta Summer Games for the Canadian Olympic Team.
The facility is also the home venue of Cavalry FC of the Canadian Premier League, a soccer team that is owned by Spruce Meadows Sports and Entertainment. The 6,000-seat stadium, known as ATCO Field for sponsorship reasons during soccer use, is within the facility. The field was constructed in early 2019 at the site | 21,489 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
of a modified jumping field, which gained new stands to fit the rectangular soccer pitch.
# Tournaments.
There are six major outdoor tournaments and eight indoor tournaments at Spruce Meadows annually. The indoor tournaments are known as the 'Nakoda Series' and are tailored for developing junior/amateur competitors. The outdoor tournaments start with the 'Summer Series' a five-week-long tour that comprises the following tournaments: beginning in June with the CSI 'National', the CSI 'Continental', the CSI 'Pan American', and then the CSI 'North American' in July. The outdoor season culminates in the CSIO Spruce Meadows 'Masters' Tournament in September. Each tournament is well-recognized and | 21,490 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
attracts a wide array of athletes and their horses from around the world. Spruce Meadows was named number one show jumping facility in the world in 2001–02 and 2003–04.
Spruce Meadows breeds, trains, and sells Hanoverian horses, and holds an annual "Name the Foal" contest, in which three foals are selected to be named by the public. The contest is very popular, and when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation televises the tournaments, each foal from "Name the Foal" is individually profiled.
# Soccer stadium.
A 6,000 seat soccer stadium has been built on the "Meadows on the Green" ring at Spruce Meadows to be the home of Cavalry FC. The field will also play host to equestrian events. A 4,500 | 21,491 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
seat covered grandstand was built on the east side of the stadium, along with 1,500 seats in other areas. It was designed to be modular to allow for future growth. On May 4, 2019 Cavalry FC officially opened the stadium in its inaugural CPL match, an eventual 2–1 victory over York 9 FC in snowy conditions.
# History.
Construction of Spruce Meadows began in 1973, with the opening in 1975 and first equestrian tournament in 1976. It hosts 500,000 visitors annually and has the stable capacity for 1,000 horses. Spruce Meadows is open for visitors 365 days of the year. It is an all-season facility that hosts conventions and trade shows as well as show-jumping and dressage events. Spruce Meadows | 21,492 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
has a television production facility that produces "Spruce Meadows Chronicles", a show-jumping related TV series that is broadcast to over 100 countries, in addition to other specials and programs.
In May 2018, it was announced that Spruce Meadows were behind a new Canadian Premier League soccer club, Cavalry FC, who will play at their facility in a modular, 5,000-seat stadium starting in 2019.
In late December 2018 Construction began on a new 4,000 seat covered grandstand on the eastern edge of the Meadows on the Green horse ring. The stadium will feature 2,000 additional temporary seats during soccer matches.
In Late January 2019 the capacity of the grandstand was updated to be 4,500 seats, | 21,493 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
with a further 1,500 split between the north and south ends of the pitch.
## Recent concerns.
Recently, the Southern family, who have owned the facility since its inception, have become vocal regarding the encroaching city development—once several kilometres outside of town, Spruce Meadows is now located adjacent to the residential neighbourhoods of Bridlewood and Somerset, with a third, Silverado, now partly constructed. Effective January 1, 2011 Spruce Meadows ceased to be within the City of Calgary in a deal with the MD of Foothills. The City of Calgary annexed approximately 176.25 acres of land located northeast of the Sirocco Golf Course from the MD of Foothills. The MD of Foothills annexed | 21,494 |
1803997 | Spruce Meadows | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Spruce%20Meadows | Spruce Meadows
tive January 1, 2011 Spruce Meadows ceased to be within the City of Calgary in a deal with the MD of Foothills. The City of Calgary annexed approximately 176.25 acres of land located northeast of the Sirocco Golf Course from the MD of Foothills. The MD of Foothills annexed approximately 138.45 acres of land situated between Highway 22X and the then municipal boundary.
In the late 1990s, the Southerns successfully lobbied the City of Calgary to rename the stretch of Highway 22X that runs north of the facility from Marquis of Lorne Trail to Spruce Meadows Trail.
# See also.
- CSIO Spruce Meadows 'Masters' Tournament
# External links.
- Official Website of Spruce Meadows
- Stadium Profile | 21,495 |
1804003 | Vajacki marš | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vajacki%20marš | Vajacki marš
Vajacki marš
Vajacki marš (Cyrillic, Ваяцкі марш, pronounced , "March of the Warriors"; also known as My vyjdziem ščylnymi radami (Cyrillic, Мы выйдзем шчыльнымі радамі) ""Come, We Shall March in Joint Endeavour"") was the National anthem for the short-lived Belarusian Democratic Republic that existed in 1918. Currently the government of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, Rada BNR, exists in exile.
The lyrics of the song were first published in 1919 in Minsk, in the newspaper, "Belarus". As the hymn of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, the song was approved in 1920, when the leaders of the republic were already in exile.
During the Soviet occupation of Belarus, the March was banned. However, | 21,496 |
1804003 | Vajacki marš | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vajacki%20marš | Vajacki marš
there were attempts to adapt the lyrics to the communist ideology by replacing mentions of the national Belarusian white-red-white flag with those of the Soviet red banner. Throughout the 20th century, the March was actively used by pro-independence organisations of the Belarusian diaspora.
After the restoration of the independence of Belarus in 1991, there were propositions to make "Vajacki marš" the state anthem of the Republic of Belarus. In particular, the renowned writers Vasil Bykau, Ales Adamovich and Ryhor Baradulin have issued a public appeal in favour of making "Vajacki marš" the state anthem of Belarus. Other symbols of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, the Pahonia and the white | 21,497 |
1804003 | Vajacki marš | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Vajacki%20marš | Vajacki marš
propositions to make "Vajacki marš" the state anthem of the Republic of Belarus. In particular, the renowned writers Vasil Bykau, Ales Adamovich and Ryhor Baradulin have issued a public appeal in favour of making "Vajacki marš" the state anthem of Belarus. Other symbols of the Belarusian Democratic Republic, the Pahonia and the white red white flag, have then been restored as state symbols.
Today, the Vajacki marš enjoys certain popularity among the Belarusian democratic opposition and is traditionally mentioned as one of possible proposed alternatives to the current official anthem.
# Lyrics.
Lyrics in Belarusian (Cyrillic)
Lyrics in Belarusian Lacinka
English translation by Vera Rich | 21,498 |
1803999 | Dagger-axe | https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dagger-axe | Dagger-axe
Dagger-axe
The dagger-axe (; sometimes confusingly translated "halberd") or ge is a type of pole weapon that was in use from the Shang dynasty until the Han dynasty in China. It consists of a dagger-shaped blade, mounted by its tang to a perpendicular wooden shaft. The earliest dagger-axe blades were made of stone. Later versions used bronze. Jade versions were also made for ceremonial use. There is a variant type with a divided two-part head, consisting of the usual straight blade and a scythe-like blade.
The dagger-axe was the first weapon in Chinese history that was not also a dual-use tool for hunting (such as the bow and arrow) or agriculture. Lacking a point for thrusting, the dagger-axe | 21,499 |
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